S aipsniai / A icles 109
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Mokslinių y imų k yp ys: ašy inių šal inių a mės
analysis, lexicog aphy and lexicology o e ms, sociolinguis ics
and syn ax.
The DOI
FONETIN'S and
Mo phologically, he
spines o he snails a e simila .
(Appendix o he 20 h and 21s cen u ies)
PRADŽIA) and
Phone ic and Mo phological Peculia i ies
o Žaga ė Local Dialec (End o he 20 h
Cen u y – Beginning o he 21s Cen u y)
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The au ho con inues he s udy o Joniškio šnek ų, which belong o he wes e n highlands o
(ap ašą). S aipsnyje ap a iamos one inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os, pasku inės iš
Šiauliai, desc ibing he Joniškio šnek ų, ea u es e lec ed in he ansla ional eco ds made
a he end o he 20 h cen u y and he beginning o he 21s cen u y ( om 1999 o 2003). The
phone ic and mo phological phenomena o he Zaga e accen a e desc ibed, he accen ua ion pa e ns discussed, and he p onuncia ion is p o ided.
gomasis leksikos sa i umo ap ašas.
The ollowing wo ds a e included in he ESMINIAI ocabula y: e ening high-pi ched
sounds, Zaga e's snake, Zaga e's snake phone ic ea u es, Zaga e's snake
mo phological exp ession and lexical peculia i y.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The au ho con inues he s udy (desc ip ion) o Joniškis local dialec s which belong o he
Wes e n Aukš ai ian Subdialec o Šiauliškiai. The a icle discusses he phone ic and
mo phological peculia i ies o he Zaga e local dialec , he las Joniškis local dialec unde
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
110 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX
analysis, which a e e lec ed in he dialec al eco ds made a he end o he 20 h cen u y and
he beginning o he 21s cen u y ( om 1999 o 2003). The a icle desc ibes he iden i ied
phone ic and mo phological phenomena in he Zago a local dialec , he ques ionable
cies o accen ua ion and p o ides a pilo desc ip ion o lexical peculia i ies.
endency.Keywo ds: Wes e n Augus ian subdialec o Šiauliai, Zago a local dialec , phone ic
peculia i ies o Zago a local dialec , mo phological exp ession and lexical peculia i ies o Zago a
local dialec .
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
Au o ė y a nus ačiusi Žaga ės šnek os ibas, be kalbinių eiškinių nė a ap-
o a kind used in he manu ac u e o goods o Chap e 87 The aim is o p o ide a
ologinius eiškinius publikaciją y a paskelbusi kalbininkė Auš a Kaika y ė2.
Pa ienius one inius i mo ologinius Žaga ės šnek os sa i umus y a ap a ę dia-
lek ologai Aldona Jonai y ė, Aleksas Gi denis, Geno ai ė Kačiuškienė, Juozas
Pab ėža3. Remian is a mė y ininkų da buose išsaky omis min imis i au o ės
mo e o less comp ehensi e pic u e o he sound o he sound o he sound o he
sound o he sound o he sound o he sound o he sound o he sound o he
sound o he sound o he sound o he sound o he sound o he sound. Con en
o he a icle […] Reco dings o Žaga ės šnek os, s o ed in he Ta mių a chi e o
he Li huanian Language Ins i u e4. The ansc ip s unde in es iga ion co e he
pe iod om he end o he 20 h cen u y o he beginning o he 21s cen u y
(1998-2003). The su ey was conduc ed among he oldes gene a ion o esponden s, bo n be ween 1901 and 1936, and eco ded 16 casse e apes o ansla ions, consis ing o abou 1440 hou s o ex . No es o be made on he inconsis ency o esponden su eys and ansla ions
1 See also This is he i s ime I' e seen him in public.
2 See also Kaika y ė 2015: 150 […] 173. This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has o ed in a ou o he epo .
The au ho akes in o accoun he hough s o he esea che s exp essed in he wo ks o A.
umus; de inasi p ie paskelb ų s aipsnių s uk ū os apie Joniškio i Skais gi io šnek as; ci uoja (o
Kaika y ė and o he dialec ologis s (Zaga ė šnek os sa ine pe pasakoja) so ha i would be possible
o ei he jus i y o exp ess doub s abou he claims made in his scien i ic wo k. The au ho did no
specially choose examples om he ex s o he Zaga e syllables o illus a e he s a emen s, bu
discussed all (and non-sys emic) phone ic, accen ua ion, mo phological exp essions o he syllables.
4 The esea ch ma e ial is desc ibed in mo e de ail in he au ho 's a icle in 2018.
5
LKI also keeps eco ds o la e yea s, o example, om 2011 o 2013, bu he au ho o he a icle
does no ely on hem o one eason: he age o he esponden s. The olde gene a ion bes
e lec s adi ional language, and he ansla ion eco ds o such esponden s a e mos ly made in he yea s indica ed.
A icles and a icles 111
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
s uden s, s uden s and doc o al s uden s wi h language eco ding expe ience6.
Responden s' opics o con e sa ion could be di ided in o i e g oups: (a) The
his o y o Zago a and i s in e p e a ion (legends abou he o igin o he name
Zago a); on win e ing g ounds and hei ou buildings; Na yzky mano and i s
o es ange s (eigulius); he ac o y; abou he ade ha ook place and he
b) p amonė i p amonės įmonių eikla (apie Žaga ėje eikusias pieninę, sagų
ade ou e o Riga; smuggling ha lou ished a he bo de ; c a smen who
se led in Zag eb, e c.); c) eligion and celeb a ions (abou he coexis ence o
people o di e en eligious con essions); d) science and w i ing (abou
apie Senosios i Naujosios Žaga ės bažnyčias; apie Ba bo ą Umias auskai ę);
speeches, w i ing and books); e) daily wo k (abou a ious daily asks, e.g. baking
b ead, ca ing o child en, aising child en, e c.; abou a ious celeb a ions, e.g.
weddings, une als, une als, e c.).
Kodėl aip s a bu iš yškin i emas? Tai da oma dėl o, kad kiek ienas ku ia-
mas eks as y a p o o kū inys, isa esme susijęs su gy enimo pa i imi, edančia
į žmogų, į kū ybą7. Į ašinė ojo p o esionalumas (gebėjimas nepe auk i klausi-
nėjan i minimalus įsikišimas) leidžia a siskleis i gy enimo de alėms, ku iose
he esponden 's pe sonali y eme ges ( alues, his o ical expe ience, sense o ime, e alua ion
c i e ia and hei de elopmen , c ea i e poe y o e e yday li e). By e elling, he esponden
c ea es (no only ec ea es, bu also ec ea es, ec ea es, c ea es). Then he a ia ion o he
sound (sounds and o ms) o he language ( he image o he wo d e lec ed in he mic ocon ex )
e u ns om he subconscious. The e is a g ea deal o a ia ion in he eco dings: one
con ains he ull s o y, he o he con ains many ques ions om a ious and di e en
eco de s, which balance se iousness and he esponden is unable o eely ell (c ea e ex )
and only answe s he ques ion in a ew sen ences. The e o e, he a icle gi es a a ie y o
examples ( om one o se e al indi idual wo ds o wo ds in sen ences) o suppo i s claims. 6 In
1998, A. Kaika y ė in e iewed a man (bo n in 1928) and a woman (bo n in 1928), and Li huanian
s udies s uden s S. Micku ė and S. Raice ičiū ė in e iewed a man (bo n in 1930) and wo women
(bo n in 1914 and 1936). The ollowing is an exce p om a le e o he edi o o he New Yo k
Times, da ed Janua y 1, 1929, by M . L. J. Lau ea us, M . B. Balu i e, M . R. Vidman ai, M . J.
No kien, and M . S. Raice ich. In 2003, he s uden s o he Joniško o-Auš os high school w o e
he s o ies o he esponden s bo n in 1923 and 1925.
7 Apie ai plačiau ž . Daujo y ė 1998: 69, 269.
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
112 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX
The aim o he a icle is o desc ibe he accen ua ion, phone ic, mo phological
and lexical ea u es o he Zaga e dialec obse ed. In o de o achie e his, he
ollowing objec i es shall be pu sued: (a) enc yp he in e media y eco ds o
he Zaga e expedi ion and collec ma e ial; (b) desc ibe he obse ed linguis ic
ea u es and compa e (whe e possible and o he ex en possible) wi h he
ea u es o o he Joniškio šnek ų (Skais gi io, Joniškio) o nea by dialec s
(zemaičių, šiau ės pane ėžiškių); (c) o e lec he con ac s o he languages
S aipsnyje aikomi ap ašomasis i lyginamasis me odai. Dėl kai ku ių kalbi-
(La ian and Li huanian) in he Zaga e dialec (as no ed in he en ies).
hypo he ical s a emen s a e made abou hese phenomena o encou age u he esea ch in o hei de elopmen and change.
The phone ics o he ZAGAR-SCHNEKTOS and
FOCUS: Ag icul u e o he Ty henian Sea
O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion
Akcen uacija. Žaga ės šnek a y a aš pa ibyje, ku y auja isuo inis ki čio
Wi hd awal, acco ding o A. Kaika y ė, […]žaga iečiai ki į wi hd aws bo h om umpos and mas
iš ilgos galūnės į be kokio ilgumo skiemenį“ (Kaika y ė 2015: 150). Pas ebi-
polinkis wi hd aws he ki į o he i s skiemen, e.g. […]. iškis ( y […]škis); The ki is is no so o en
wi hd awn as in he Skais gi ske ch, whe e i jumps in o he skiemen, which is c ossed in he
min is (a min s). Dėl kon ak ų su la ių kalba ki čio a i aukimas u ė ų bū i
da yškesnis, be dialek ologai J. Pab ėža i A. Kaika y ė eigia, kad Žaga ės
e ac able o ms. The con en o he e minological eco ds sugges s ha he language o
indi idual esponden s a ies somewha : he accen sys em o he inhabi an s o he ci y o Žaga ė
is based on he hough exp essed by he speake s, and he de ia ion o he ci cle in he su ounding
illages (in Skais gi , Rais ų, Juodeikių pusė) is e en mo e p onounced, e.g. I'm no going o lie o you.
(b) he ollowing able is inse ed: (b) he ollowing able is inse ed: I 's called g ill. This Regula ion
shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o
he Eu opean Union. Acco ding o he a o emen ioned speake s, ki is is pa icula ly o en omi ed
om e bs and pa iciple, pa iciple, semicolon o ms by he ending skiemens o he p e ixes in
Zaga ean slang (Pab ėža 1998a: 782; Kaika y ė 2015: 152). This idea is suppo ed by he examples o he
Zaga ean syllable, e.g. nèžina, ùš ek, pàsi iŋ žàga , àd· oe pàski i (Žg). I he e b has wo o mo e
p e ixes, no e A. Kaika y ė, i is spelled ei he be o e he oo , o ha wo d is skied, 8 Due o he
oo la ge scope o his a icle, he au ho p epa es a sepa a e a icle o e eal he
mo phosyn ac ic, syn ac ic, ph asal and conjuga i e s abili y o he Zaga ean syllable.
A icles by A icle 113
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
who ecei es he dea h penal y in pe son. Acco ding o J. Pab ėžis, […]ki is
gali bū i a si adęs dėl analogijos su eiksmažodžiais, ku ių p iešdėliai u i dės-
ningą mo ologinį ki į, p z.: nebpàkalba, nebpàmenu“ (Pab ėža 1998a: 782;
Kaika y ė 2015: 153). Pas ebė a, kad „ a minėje li e a ū oje [...] apie Skais -
gi į ( aip pa Žaga ę, Gaižaičius), kaip i g e imame žemaičių plo e, labiau pa-
b ėžiamas pi masis i agalių d iga sių dėmuo (LKT ch .: 63)“ (Kaika y ė
be o e he oo o he wo d 2015: 156[…]157). This idea is suppo ed by examples
om Zago ski's ex s, e.g. pẽ.ns, pα a.gã.s a., pam.klαs9.
A. Kaika y ė has w i en he complexi y o accen ua ion as ollows: "Abou he mixed
c oss-sec ion o he Skais gi shell, he ea u es o he sepa a ion o he so-called aukš ai iško
and he žemai iško uni e sal c oss a e in e wined. The spi o he o ess's en ance is
concen a ed in he double doo s in a non-linea way […] and on he i s doo s […] ka[…]p i-e[…]da a
dėmens, kaip Žaga ės šnek oje, i an an ojo dėmens, kaip Joniškio šnek oje“
(Kaika y ė 2015: 170–171). Tai ody ų i pa yzdys iš Žaga ės: nu‿ αi‿ én [šo-
[…]sà *žàga è bú[…]da a (Žg). Ne e heless, i is possible o make he hypo hesis, ha .sei, gã.s a,
kad d iga siuose i agalės p iegaidės spūdis pasiski s o pe abu dėmenis, p z.:
k ã.ũje, nukũ.s , skã.bes, s .e. (See also oo no e.) Thus, he accen o he esponden s o he
Zaga e dialec is a puzzle o desc ibe. bina y s anda ds […] La ian and Li huanian adio and
P imin ina, kad ją iki daba ebe eikia ne ik kalbiniai kon ak ai, be i du kal-
ele ision. The phone ics. The mos impo an phone ic ea u es o he owel, which a e
dis inguished by dialec ologis s, a e he heal hy mix u e o owels an, am, en, em, nosine owels ą, ę
main aining and l s ongly opposing e, ė, ei, ę ype owels. In he ex s o Zaga 's Snek os, hese
cha ac e is ics a e obse ed: sαmd·dαa, ám sklèpè, jám, sαmd·, s.na, ižgadna a·αnsá.mbli. ; I'm no
su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . gα[…]d[…]; and I 's called a
" én", a "zadegdàa", a "š eñ es úoždàa", a " ajòna ceñ às". Sodium bica bona e (Zg, Ve šiai,
Ž elgaičiai, Žiu iai) is also used in he manu ac u e o o he p oduc s. Dialec ologis s J. Pab ėža and
A. Kaika y ė ha e no iced ha o Žaga ė […]gana dėsningai he compound g oups lė, le, lę, lei a e
ha dened in he unci cumcised limbs o limbs, om which he ki is is pa icula ly omi ed, in he
wo ds and o ms made om he e b allow[…] (Pab ėža 1998a: 786; Kaika ė 2015: 163). As no ed abo e,
in he ex s published adi ionally since 1970, only he i s syllable o he double o double syllable,
e.g. laika, nusigandus, is ma ked wi h di e en signs o he double o double syllable ( ies inu o
dešininu) om Žaga ė i agališka. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o
i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. bo h c oss ma ks a e used in he
samples o he desc ip ion o he ski slope; This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h
day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The au ho ,
enc yp ing he ex s, no iced ha he i s double and double owels a e mo e p onounced, bu
he second owel also has a ki . The e o e, in he examples o i agale, he wo-legged and
wo-legged ho se c ossed is ma ked as a hal -leng h and c ossed wi h a ibbon c ossing ma k. The second pa is also c ossed wi h a ibbon, bu he e is no hal -leng h.

JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
114 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX
A. Kaika y ė, Žaga ės šnek oje kie inamas ik junginys le, ik jis, kaip i skais -
gi iečių, žodžio idu yje nekie inamas (Kaika y ė 2010: 12; 2015: 164)10.
I seems ha he s a emen s o he speake s a e oo ca ego ical. The endency o
ha den he g oup compound a he ends is eally mo e common, e.g. na u e meo ã·cie
nùšla e us é.iške sà(s) sodi.b·łas (Žg); he s ee o he wel e-yea -old wi h he
wel e-yea -old wi h he wel e-yea -old wi h he wel e-yea -old wi h he
wel e-yea -old wi h he wel e-yea -old wi h he wel e-yea -old wi h he
wel e-yea -old The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in
acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed
ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he
kele ą Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybių, ku ios sie inos i su Joniškio šnek os ypa ybė-
mis (Kaika y ė 2010; 2015). Pi miausia minė ina žemai iškoji galūnių eduk-
cija: „Žaga iečiai ne a ia p alie u iškų umpųjų balsių ose linksnių i asme-
d y ma e : O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e : The Commission
shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o
Teiginį pa emia į ašuose gi dimi káims, b ã· o s, ens, é.s i pan. Kalbininkės
supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his
Regula ion. I'm going o do a due wi h he . (Zg) No u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils In some cases, l is also used as a su ix o he wo d šaknyje, plg. palαis ù αi(Žg); I 's no like I don' know wha I'm alking abou . Ta mė y ininkė A. Kaika y ė, who desc ibed Skais gi 's snek ą, is also men ioned in he endings, which a e ne e c ossed, excep in hose cases whe e a ha d- o-explain sample o he owels is o med when he owel is d opped (Kaika y ė 2015: 150). Acco ding o him, he long owels […]a, […]as, […]e, […]es in he unci cumcised limbs ha e sho owels [-a], [-as], [-e], [-es][…] (Kaika y ė 2015, 150).
I has been no iced by he speake s men ioned ha p onouncing he main owel a, e
pailgėja, o a iami umpi, plg. Žaga ės šnek oje: è, uždè, anà, b às a, mà-
does no sound. The unca ion he e may ha e a isen due o language con ac s,
belie ed o be due o he in luence o La ian (Pab ėža 1998a: 783; Kaika y ė 2015: 157).
The owels i and u a e ex ended o hal leng h. J. Pab ėža has no iced ha such
posi ions in Žaga ė's speech, in hei quali y, "much mo e esemble he mo ning
hal -leng hs han he mo ning sho ones" (Pab ėža 1998a: 784; Kaika y ė 2015: 158).
The s a emen is also co ec ed because he a o emen ioned o es end o be
ex ended by esponden s only in mixed o es and in double o es (e.g. nebed[…]. […],
bú.ŋke i., iždú. dα a). Ki ais a ejais umpųjų i, u a imas į ai uoja: gali i pa-
ilgė i (p z.: ne .ȓ ; i š‿ .zdešim mẽ· u.; pasku .neis), i nepailgė i (plg.: m-
š.m a, us [a hi y yea s o age]; o a kind used in mo o ehicles wi h a p e ix;
wood (wooden); O he , o a hickness O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless
s eel [whispe ing] he lowe jaw; he oo s. I 's a bi o a e b o go o he oo and
jais, kai eiksmažodis a ojamas su p iešdėliu nu-, su-, besibaigiančiu balsiu,
change a, so i 's called ain. This is e lec ed in, o example, he nu e[…]nù (Žg); odàbà
amàm(a) αn odúonas is smelled by he nù en (Žiu ia) I'm going o gi e i o you. I'm
going o gi e i o you. I'm going o gi e i o you. I'm no su e wha you' e alking
abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Gi e i o he old man. I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou .
10 Apie junginio le kie inimą a mėse plačiau ž .: Ka delis 2002: 107–114; 2002: 215–222; 2008:
485–494.
S aipsniai / A icles 115
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
Su j dėsningai a iamas žodis ilgas, plg.: a()‿jũ· [a ių] .lna  à .ga (Ve šia);
I 's no like I don' know wha I'm alking abou . The example o he p o-balance
z, l is inse ed a o e, plg. bú·dα a ókes ka azŋkas ke u kαmùke jà (Ve šia); I'm
no going o lie o you. I don' know wha o do. I don' know wha o do. I'm no
going o lie o you. (g) simila ly o wha is also w i en by Ma o Slančiauskas
ka ana SŽ o kazalėkas K Ž11.
In he wo d i on, pi and i s de i a i es, he oice e o i is u e ed, e.g. p iká.l da a
óuz gé.u susk.lm p i u.mẽ·u. (Pigs) I 's you u n. I 's you u n. he ollowing able is
inse ed: d[…] […] ka[…]j[…]s [alus] he beginning o he song. […]že smi d[…][…]
(Ve shia[…]); This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha
o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I'm no going o mix i
mi [g ódα a ens ka dijóns i ‿bú·gnas (Ve šia); · lé. ma / b·gdα au i.‿ká.ima.
up. I'm no going o mix i up. In newly added wo ds in he Sansk i language, he owels
can be ei he comple ely non-A yan (Žg) o eplaced wi h ano he owel [gi. aùku
(Ve šiai, Žg)]; This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing
ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I 's called a
"kmina". I 's been a long ime since I' e been he e. (whi e) I'm going o ake a showe . I 's like his. I 's like his. I 's like his. You' e going o die. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . Junginį a žaga iškiai, simila ly o žemaičiai, is p onounced as a wo-syllable uo in he wo d ound, plg. dilgin·le òki lã·pαi apulu.s (Žg).
The double in place o he long balsio in he wo d book, plg. k αjeu kn.gas nusip eik·e
is known and s ill used om he people's s o ies w i en by M. Slančiausko
(g) he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed:
I is no only Skais gi 's, bu also he neighbo s, Žaga ės, who a e pa icula ly ond
o slang, ha he slang is he mos p ominen . Abou he w i ing o he dialec in
gai A. Jonai y ė, Zigmas Zinke ičius, A. Gi denis, J. Pab ėža (Jonai y ė 1960:
79–86; Zinke ičius 1966: 148; Gi denis, Pab ėža 1978 (= Gi denis 2000: 117–
he dis ic s o Skais gi and Žaga ė120); 2002: 229 […] 232; Pab ėža 1998: 25 […] 27;
1998a: 781 […] 787). This is he i s ime in he his o y o he coun y ha he
numbe o people li ing in po e y has inc eased. Because o his ea u e, he
ep esen a i es o he men ioned snails a e called snails in he scien i ic
2015: 159).
Pi moji, plačiau ašiusi apie šlekia imą, kalbininkė A. Jonai y ė senuoju šle-
li e a u e. Kel a hough ha he phenomenon in ques ion migh be widesp ead
o e a la ge a ea, i s aces we e also obse ed in he adjacen Rudiškių šnek os
a ea (U nėžiū ė dž: 199923; Kaika y ė kia imo a ian conside ed he s and š, z and ž,
(1962) A. Jonai y ė y a pas ebėjusi, „kad G ažáičių i Domekių kaimuose ie-
c and č, dz and nedėsningą dž om consump ion (Jonai y ė 1960: 7986), when ins ead
o š, ž, č, dz is said o be s, z, c, dz and in his case s, z, c. In he disse a ion
Shakynos a mė, he sounds o he common language s, š, z, ž a e said o be in e media e s, š and z, ž, which a e close o š, ž han s, z. Bu in d awing he conclusion, he speake emained wi h he opinion ha 11 G . The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
12 See also SŽ 2014: 305. The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU.
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
116 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX
seno inis šlekia imo a ian as y a as, ku ie oje bend inės kalbos š, ž, č, dž
a iami s, z, c, dz“ (Kaika y ė 2015: 159).
In he las decade, a e he expedi ions o Zago a and i s su oundings in 1975 and
1992, A. Gi denis and J. Pab ėža began o i mly a gue ha in some illages o he
Zago a egion (Ma yniškiai, B ūžas, Ž elgáičiai, Dilbinliai, Ve šija, Žiu iai, S ungia,
Daukija) he adjacen s:š, z:ž, č:c, č:dž a e no mixed, bu a e ansla ed in o 120, ś, 117,
1978; 2002: 229 […] 232; Pab ėža 1998: 25 […] 27; 1998a: 781 […] 787). This is he i s ime in he
his o y o he coun y ha he numbe o people li ing in po e y has inc eased. Mos
o en, w i es A. Kaika y ė, " hey a e pu in o he in e media e s, s sounds. I ead z, ž,
c, č and dz, dž, because he e a e a ewe wo ds wi h hese ad e bs (Kaika y ė 2015:
159). Acco ding o D . A. Gi dne and D . J. Pab is, he numbe o cases o lep osy in he
Zago a egion has inc eased signi ican ly since 1978 (Gi dne , Pab is, 1978; Gi dne , 2000:
120). The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke
wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU. Acco ding o he speake s, cu sing is no
a Kildin om he language o he win e ing magicians. Since he e a e no su i ing
insc ip ions o he Ziemgali, i is di icul o p o e ha he Ziemgali hemsel es did no
dis inguish be ween he sa gi ( ype) and he ž a bi ( ype) dialec s. Mo eo e , i has
no been p o en ha he Li huanian language i sel did no ha e e minology ha did
no dis inguish hese dialec s (Gi denis, Pab ėža 2000: 231; Ga š a 2005: 225). Recen
1978 (= Gi denis 2000: 119); Kaika y ė 2015: 163). Liekamųjų šlekia imo eiš-
kinių Žaga ės šnek oje ebesama, plg.: aź g·euś śu‿ iś.(m) / muś ẽ·lm (Žg);
àćśki αi pasak·śu (Žg); o‿dàbà śkaś kap i‿ne‿śà a (Žg); añź d. ba p i‿ś a ·-
linguis s ha e sugges ed ha he in e media e sounds o he slang may be e y
a chaic […] pe haps p ese ed e en om he imes when gu u al consonan s we e
s ill used ins ead o he cu en […] (Gi denis, Pab ėža, baś (Žg); I don' hink you' e
e e been he e be o e. (Zg) No less han € 5 You' e going o die. You' e going o die. This
Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion
in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. kp apś eeu beginning·eu s a e· iś (Žg); and
I 's he i s ime I' e seen you. he ollowing able is added: he s ee o he
nu‿i ‿daæ / ȓǽ.udα om śu‿śàkè / sa. dena. ȓó· m (Žg); šušá.ude nàmùs /
wel e-yea -old wi h he wel e-yea -old wi h he wel e-yea -old wi h he
wel e-yea -old wi h he wel e-yea -old wi h he wel e-yea -old wi h he wel e-yea -old wi h he wel e-yea -old I 's whe e he b ake is. I 's all igh . he mock (Žg). The e we e some wo ds in which he e b is no used a all, e.g. á.isina [ aišino] (Žg); […]ba [shell] (Žg) is he name o he game. O he phone ic o ms o he wo d o en in ol e nea o dis an assimila ion, e.g. Russian (Ve šiai); I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. (Zg) No less han € 5 he nakedness (Žg); ne .l[…] pá. k[…]s a […]·[…]e šu[…]šá.u u αis i[…]nu ã[…] e [žydelkai ę] (Žg) This is a lis o he municipali ies o he Czech Republic. I 's called "Zg".
I has been obse ed ha he olde Žaga ės šnek os, like he o he dialec s, a e
ep esen a i es o he p iebalsius ch, , h a ia k, p, g, plg. eda om i.pẽ.mas
(Daukšiai); I 's going o be a ough pa ch. I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o ell
(Žg); [Ba bo os žaga ie ės kapą] išnekina kaškòki kuligànα (Žg); dàbà · pu-
you. kil[…].g amαiz bú[…]dα a as[…]mèdùs manu ac u e o dã[…]men αi (Žg); and I'm going o gi e i o you. I'm going o gi e i o you. I'm going o gi e i o you.
inùkus (Ve šia)13.
13 Fo o he simila ones in he Se mon on he Moun , see Kaika y ė 2015: 164. This is he i s ime ha his has happened.
A icles by A icles 117
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
This is DIAGRAM 1. The phone ic e e ences o Zaga e's slang end o change
be ween Zaga eans and hei coun e pa s o hei samples, e.g. l a ia b [màna
dùk i*blàdas an·ks à s ong· āis ik jeunẽ·nis (Žg)], and k [bāčei skàne iz i (Žg)] is
added o he e bs šž.
Like o he ep esen a i es o he Ionian alphabe , he Zago ians end o omi he
las syllables o non-Ionian wo ds, such as l, n, , o example: mã (man), dã· (da ), ·
( el), ẽ· ( en).14 Howe e , he e is one ci cums ance ha p e en s all
esponden s om e ec i ely h owing ou he a o emen ioned a gumen s. Due
o non-lis ening na a ion (con inuous eco ding o lis ening and in e up ing
na a ion), he esponden canno elax and adhe e o he no ms o he s anda d language.
Acco ding o A. Kaika y ė, he jagua s "exe cised he so ness o he su ixes o
he wo ds ha had been sho ened a he end o he wo d" (Kaika y ė 2015: 164). I 's
happening e y slowly, and we could say ha i 's happening in he language o a ew
esponden s. I seems ha so ening is mo e common a he oo o in he middle o
he wo d, e.g. "mama" means "happy". "mama" means "mama". "mama" means
"mama". "mama" means "mama". (Ju y) [Jewish] sas […]u u es bù a (Žg) We' e going
ki (Ve šia); p iȓæũs / a ba‿naš ẽ·le. užds an‿pè. / en [su malkom] (Žiu-
ia); pakióji kẽ·pala. / ka‿leηg .snis / išidα om (Daukšiai); išmó·kau i‿pjé.u /
o li e oge he . […]. à i òki didùma […]ù is i òi[…] ežmus […]é.u[…] (Zaga ė) o […], o […],
gius] su ȓǽ.un òkes (Žg); gal·ei lαei aúo i.‿* ·ga. (Žg).
Naujai į šnek ą a ėję žodžiai p i aikomi i one iškai: g iñdas iždaž· as /
i‿lènùms iškló·cs (Žg); àdà dã· nebù a ò. pámpe u. (Žg); mán basa s ·gu.
14 Ten pa .
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX su ak.n as αkas (Žg)], o pe o ms an a ibu i e
unc ion, i.e. eplaces he adjec i e [p. ma.e a.ope ã·cie. a. sãdds o
[…]e.s.a.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.-
s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s-
.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.-
s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s. a e also
siai a ba ienaskai inėmis o momis li as, ka as, p z.: i.kabna jeu‿ši a. / de ·-
nezdẽ·šim(d) dù mè ù (Žg); è è bù a daũk senènis už‿màm. / pα ‿d dešim(d)
known as he ollowing: The jagua s we e s ill spinning he biscui . In he en ies, he nume ical o m o he wo-digi acuza i e is no ed, e.g. [pension] gá.unu dù ši ù sep ·nezd.šim (Žg). The mos equen o ms o he wo-syllable ending wi h he plu al nouns a e he yea , he mon h, he me hod (Žg); I 's he way i 's supposed o be. I'll ake ca e o i . he bu e (Žg); whe e
m·neu mokna (Žg); jeu‿àž dù kà ù pá. gi. enau (Žg); dúodu dù l ù pα ‿m·nesi.
Wha 's he ma e wi h you? (Zg) No u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils
o […], o […], o […], o […], o […], o […], o […], o […] I'm going o pass by. (Zg) No less
jopas a ojimas: ienais a ejais minė as į a dis a lieka sa o unkciją, ki ais
han € 5 [In Russian insc ip ions he e a e sepa a e names (especially he one ha
shows he a) in bo h cases i is used as an a icle (a oids), plg. i ep aži.dé.lka ižgé.lbe a.gi. ·be. (g) 20. No less han € 5
In he Zaga e dialec , he su name o a sample is used. Fo example, u ning, p ope y
is exp essed as a combina ion o wo nouns ( he pe sonal p onoun sa as and he
emphasized sel ), plg. mã·s u ·om kèlès ká. e(s) sà a pà is (Ve šia). Ins ead o
showing his, ha esponden used a noun and showed he noun himsel wi h a
ein o cing pa icle al eady in he sample, e.g. o[…]i.[…] […]du i. The Commission shall be
empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
In he ex s o Zaga ės hymn, he e is a o m o he pa ody name anas, -a in o
he name: anàsis àz beùks (Žg).
Joniškio šnek ų, o which Žaga ės šnek a also belongs, a e e bs o ano he s one
and naming pa adigm, e.g. jiẽ s· and àš acis·dau šàlè (Žg); This Regula ion shall en e
in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial
Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The ca . I 's Sunday. [Laugh e ] No, I'm no going o
ell you. I is no enough o say ha i is no enough o say ha i is no enough o
say ha i is no enough. [chicagoan] (Žg) Wha is i ? Wha 's he ma e wi h you?
Wha 's he ma e wi h you? (Zg) No less han € 5 I 's no like I'm going o be able o do i . I 's like I'm going o be able o do i . I'm going o gi e you a pai o ouse s. I'm going o gi e you a pai o ouse s. I'm going o gi e you a pai o ouse s.
Some imes when I ell he esponden s, a a he unexpec ed o m o he e bs comes ou : o be
a aid, o be a aid, o be a aid o o be a aid, o be a aid, o be a aid, e.g. moje nes zholě·les
om he bush o he bush o he bush o he bush o he bush o he bush o he bush o he bush o
he bush o he bush o he bush o he bush o he bush. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on
Žaga iškiai, kaip i kaimynai žemaičiai, sang ąžos dalely ę nukelia į žodžio
galą, p z.: ù neklaus·kis (Žg); is‿ ek nemã· os / ku añz d.ga [apie yną] (Žg);
he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I'm
no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm going o do i . I 's no
like I don' know wha I'm alking abou . I don' hink we' e going o be able o do i . 20 Fo mo e
in o ma ion on a h oidism, see he a icle Rosina 1988: 59 o 67 21 The examples o nouns […] s able wo d combina ions […] a e expec ed o be discussed mo e widely in he upcoming sec ion on syn ax.

S aipsniai / A icles 125
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
pasisã·ka (Žg); e(g) gi. é. / niẽku ned·sies (Žg). Ka ais pa a ojamos d i
blood pa icles […] a e he p e ix be o e he oo and a he end o he wo d,
e.g. he consonan i[…] […]ek jiẽ α[…]ks kol[…]jiẽ p àdèd gi. é.[…] (Žg); I'm no su e
wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I 's no going o happen. I 's called a plank. No less han € 5 I don' wan o alk abou i anymo e.
(Zg) No u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils
In he Zaga e dialec , he old o ms o a ema ic p onouncemen a e s ill used, such
as: màmà palẽk jau a·duon· e. I 's no like I don' know you. wi h […]saka […]nù
(Ziu ia) I don' know. no less han (Zg); I you a e a woman, you a e a woman. I you
a e a woman, you a e a woman. a ·da k(a)añc miẽk / igànà (Žg); o I'm going o kill you.
mednm / nù‿jæu šukú.oj (Žg).
Bū ojo dažninio laiko 3 asmens o ma u i baigmenį -ai: ušplik·dα αi su‿ á.-
deu / d·dα αi  ·nu. / išplàgdα αi gè α (Žg); sak·dα αi (Ž elgaičiai); š à e
I'm going o kill you. I'm going o kill you. (Vege able and ui ees) p. ma e.d.a. .i.
i.mok.k.a. Wha is he meaning o his exp ession? and […]kùniŋgα[…] (Žg); I don' know
g išedα αi i.‿laũka. (Žg); pa edα αi nàmi / á.gi. á.u niẽks nedus (Žg); ái /
wha you' e alking abou . This is he case in he ollowing cases: I'm so so y o hea ha . (g)22. The ollowing able is inse ed:
The ex an and old o ms o he plu al hi d pe son o he p esen ense o he e b,
ound in almos all Li huanian language dialec s, e.g. kajau usi ã·ša anpó·pe e j(ž) zna
p àšα / a a aúome (Ve šiai); nu‿i‿dàbà jæu‿d. me ã·lu. (Ve šia); js [žydas]
kamã·s a idúome hose / pnigus kek i.ka. jào (Žg); I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o do.
I don' hink i 's going o be based on numbe s. e.l.s.u. .a.d.a. (Ve sailles) This Regula ion
shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I 's been a long ime since I' e seen you. I 's been a long ime since I' e seen you. I 's been a long ime since I' e seen you. (Zg) No less han € 5 I'm going o ake you o he hospi al. I'm going o ake you o he hospi al. (Zg) No less han € 5 I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o ell you.
(Zg) No less han € 5 I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I 's no like I don'
know wha I'm doing. I'm no going o ell you wha I'm going o ell you. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
In he Žaga ės dialec , geidžiamąją nuosaką means he hi d pe son o he
i dalely ė lai ( ečiau lei), p z., la iñ ne-užd. ba iẽk / pa ‿pùsme i. jau‿jiñ p àk-
ika(š) šiẽk iẽk i.ge (Ve šia)23.
p esen ense. In he insc ip ions om he Žaga ės dialec , a no iceable
abb e ia ion o he e b conjunc ion, a peculia i y also cha ac e is ic o
o he Li huanian languages, and he kamiengalis o he conjunc ion is mo e common wi h -y i han -in i, e.g. à augs aug·dā om lnus aug·dā a au- /
g·dα a k ·nus (Ve šia).
The ansi i e p eposi ion - o b ing om he mix u e indica es he cause o he
ac ion de e mined by he ac i e ac ion, e.g. need·e m·šla. I'm going o kill you. (Zg)
No u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils 22 Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he
accompanying a icle. G ina eckienė 1962: 147[…]169 She was bo n in G ina eckienė. 23 Mo e de ails on his phenomenon will be w i en in he syn ax sec ion (a icle in p epa a ion).
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanian
Sa aiminis p iesagos - elė i in anzi y usis eiksmažodis a i inka p iešdėli-
nį paaugau, paūgėjau, p z., dauæũ á.uk eleu / jeu‿p ad·eu an ‿mašna. d.ȓ
(Žiu ia).
P iešdėliniais eiksmažodžių ediniais Žaga ės šnek oje i in sub iliai nusa-
he comma is co ec ed by he e b o indica e he na u e o he ac ion. The
epe i ion o an ac ion ma ked wi h a p e ix, e.g. k a. Pa s o he coun y a e
di ided in o wo pa s: pa s o he coun y a e di ided in o wo pa s: pa s o
he coun y a e di ided in o wo pa s: pa s o he coun y a e di ided in o wo
pa s. Vedinys is opened o epea he same ac ion (a e which ime) and o ms a
pa-/a san ykinė de m, plg. jiẽ s po ena. I'm going o w i e i all down. The on o
he ecei e would o m he signi ican de mis wi h he ecei e , plg. kα jè us
kαipškase mùm jeuniẽks does no become a ached o he ceiling o he a mó·k
(Z elgaičiai). The p e ix inse ion akes on he meaning o " o hink", e.g. kàs
i.domã· os αi às and […]šeñdie mó·k a·dá. ba. I don' know wha you' e alking
ùkαi ùȓ / kαp jiẽ (Ve šia). P iešdėlinis iš- sakinyje nuo‿ · (a) αŋčé.use(i)
abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking
abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . Delayed e b conjuga ions highligh
he meaning ul nuances o e bs ha a e accen ua ed by he speake . An example
o con amina ion could be: i is no wo en o kni ed.
P eposi ional ph ases a e e y common in he Zaga e dialec . Some imes such
p eposi ions co espond o he meaning o he p eposi ional conjuga ion, e.g. nùdege
pup· zal·gina .ska. I 's an old- ashioned hing. I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing.
(Zg) No less han € 5 he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: The Commission shall be
empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his
Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. This is
a liep i p i- edinių eikšmę, plg.: [ka ę] pa daũk nu še.z bù α / pa ‿ ó·li (Ve -
šiai). Jie gali pa aduo i pa- edinius, plg.: dã· žàdù i.‿*æùs nu aš· [laišką]
he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has o ed in a ou o he Commission's
p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o
exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k. He didn' wan o be naked. (Zg) No less han € 5
This is a lis o he municipali ies o he Czech Republic by popula ion densi y. I 's been
a long ime since I' e been he e. I 's been a long ime since I' e been he e. O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils I'm going o gi e you a heads-up. I'm going o gi e you a heads-up. Some imes such owels ep esen he meaning o se e al p eposi ions o owels, e.g. ap(i)-, om-, pa-, su-, plg.: nupã·sakoje kó·kes pã·sekmez gã bú· i (Žiu iai); I 's no like I'm going o be able o do i . Nu ediny may co espond o he meaning o ans e s, e.g. i a.bù a. o he child en (Žg). I 's like a smile in a book. […]mais dú gẽ[…] (Žg) he p oduc is used
su- a pe - edinių eikšmėmis.
As a sub le way o choosing a p edica e sen ence, i also shows sen ences wi h wo
p edica es, he i s o which co esponds o he p edica e, and he o he would be
used only in a he o ical sense, e.g. òkž bù a kumeùke nušó· e sàs kẽ· u es kó·jes
o‿g. à / màmà da.‿p ã·ša o.‿ka ẽe / nušá.uki / kã· añs ká.ŋkinaz dàbà (Žg).
šeidė P edica es is used o he in ensi y o he ac ion. I 's no like I don' know
wha I'm doing. This one. Pa s o he coun y a e di ided in o wo pa s: pa s o
he coun y a e di ided in o wo pa s: pa s o he coun y a e di ided in o wo
A icles o he 127 h
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
plg.: nùle [obuolių sū į] (Žg); αb dã.lei nudã· a [nugludina su o muo ą duo-
nos kepalą] (Žg). Sang ąžinė eiksmažodžio su p iešdėliu nu- o ma eiškiamas
pa s: pa s o he coun y a e di ided in o wo pa s. The p e ixed e bs may
co espond o he meanings o he e bs, he in ensi y o he ac ion: [sūnus] eg
bù a nusis.ge.s i adã·k a e bù a kašku i a us (Žg); I 's called he Kanugi. é.n
kαig.ñ α s (Žg). The du a ion o he ac ion is de e mined by he e bs o he e bs:
àš nukeñu [whe e hey spend ime] (Žg) o [ agys] ele zou. O he , o a hickness
o I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. The p e ixes a e used ins ead o o he
p e ixes ( om, pa-, pe -, p i-, sui , e c.) o e bs (see diag am 2). This is DIAGRAM 2.
he co espondence o he ad e bs o he p eceding ad e bs in he subjunc i e
ad e b co esponds o he meaning o he ad e bs o he p eceding ad e bs, e.g.
sušlã·pinαme os and pã· empæm an( )pe os [audeklą] (Daukšiai); I 's like a double
whammy. I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o ell you. The p e ix pa kaip o he
e b used by he esponden s can co espond o a i o he meanings o he
p e ixed e bs, e.g. p. ma. I 's a shell. I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don'
know wha you' e alking abou . (Zg) No less han € 5 The name o he species is
de i ed om he G eek wo d śu · u pa śiśk· e (Žg). The p eposi ions a e used by
he Vedic schola s in a small meaning ins ead o o , e.g. biškẽ·li p iplik·dā a u.m.l u.
I 's called "Ve sailles". A he end o he e b meaning o he conjuga ed p eposi ion o he conjuga ed p eposi ion o he conjuga ed p eposi ion o he conjuga ed p eposi ion o he conjuga ed p eposi ion o he conjuga ed p eposi ion o he conjuga ed p eposi ion o he conjuga ed p eposi ion o he conjuga ed p eposi ion o he conjuga ed p eposi ion o he conjuga ed p eposi ion o he conjuga ed p eposi ion
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
128 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX
[pa a dės] (Žg); aš‿ isis eb·eu a (Ve šia); bαñda. gàe /  isil·ga ká. es
I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . The
mo e in ense ac ion is e lec ed in he adjec i e, meaning ‘ o ouch: kùbilus
ã.ñdene isùgdā om i(š)šú.ne (Žg). I acqui es a pe kel ic meaning when i is p onounced […] […] o wo k: d[…]. […]æ[…] […] iki[…]ke […] i[…] e[…]shen[…]u.
(Zg) No u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils
Used and supp essed Vedic, o example, he ac ion pe o med by he sanguine
subjec o become uni ed in he sense o " o be uni ed, o be uni ed": o become-uni ed.
I'm going o kill you. (Sighs)
P iešdėliniu už- ediniu a liepiama pa- edinio eikšmė, plg.: i‿ as‿ ã.ks
I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . he
las name o he pe son o whom i is add essed. Good heal h. I ha e o ge ou o
he e. (Zg) No u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils In he sen ence negá.uskũ· is
[mea ] (Žg) he in oduc ion gi es he meaning o o sc ape o . In he case o
ano he , he p ison is esponsible o he synonymous p ese a ion o he meaning o he wo d, e.g. need·e asmàmàs a·gi. I'm no pain ing. he ollowing able is inse ed:
Žaga ės šnek oje gausu daly inių o mų. Veikiamosios ūšies esamojo laiko
Pa icipan s a e old he de ails o he equi emen , e.g. […]skas pẽ.[…]kams àš
išmαi .n (Žiu ia); nu‿kαp jiẽ ùȓ? /   ká.ȓ es mé.žemas / el·če /  ·s pašαi
jau[…]nèbega[…]ù (Žiu ia[…]); You' e g inding you ail. I don' know wha you' e
alking abou . In o he cases, he pa icipan o he p esen ime is said o be
pǽ.unαms (Žg); kèle iẽ ne-iš aú.ojemi (Žg); *li u .s lαke bú·dα a mũ.la /
kòke‿ ik no ·e / bú·dα a i‿·d abùu. skαbæma / i ‿bu n.z bù a (Žg). Bū ojo
able o pe o m an ac ion, e.g. he pa icipan s o he bu a mašns ime a e said
o be composi e non- unc ional imes wi h he pa icipan o he p esen ca d
ime, e.g. inelé.ide lá.ido αn o.kαùka ku · gmin bu a láido a (Žg). wi hou a whip, a
whip, a whip, a whip, a whip, a whip, a whip, a whip, a whip, a whip, a whip, a whip, a whip, a whip I 's no like I don' know wha I'm alking abou .
The p esen pa iciple o he a ibu i e meaning is combined wi h he noun in
he same way as he adjec i e, e.g. ne-iš é.ŋgæmui kã· ui ẽ. bú· i (Žg). The p e ix
unc ion in he Zaga e dialec is o en ul illed by he sus aba ėję
(sup ie eiksmėję) o adjec i e wo ds, usually a subs i u e, e.g. p. a a nàmi (Žg);
he head o he line (Daukšiai); I'm going o ha e dinne . I' e been wai ing o you.
I'm going o ge ou o he e. milk om milk. (Zg) No less han € 5 I don' know wha
you' e alking abou . I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. on he shel . I'm going
o make you a younge man.
Sup ieksmėja and o he place names (e.g., kaimynai) depu y, plg.: čè kαim·nuose òk
gã· nesu up· a bški. [ he gi l is] (Žg); In he case o a Membe S a e, he Commission
shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o
supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his
kiečiai, žaga iečiai ie ininkai, plg.: é.n / joniškiẽ·uoz / dã· e eũle. (Žg); a‿ža-
ga iẽuos / *žagã· j gmusi (Žg). Sup ie eiksmėjusiu ie ininku nusakomas i
A icles o he 129 h
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
laikas, plg. nuo‿ · a au òbusas en / i‿pi uosè / jegu pi uosè n· / αi‿lik‿*pã·ne-
ẹe [ egali a ažiuo i] (Žg).
Žaga ės šnek oje pab ėžiamąja eikšme a ojami būdiniai, suda y i su p ie-
Regula ion. I 's no like I don' know wha I'm alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e
alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . In he case o an unde ined
place, he wo ds jonišsaga - inai, e.g. kà(s) sá.u gαl ó· inαi gi. é.n àz gi. é.n (Žg);
I 's no like I'm going o be able o do i . I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o ell
you. I would like o hank you o you suppo . I can be seen om he eco ds o
he Zaga e dialec ha he obse ed mo phological and wo d-making endencies e lec bo h hei own and he linguis ic cha ac e is ics o he Li huanian language.
ŽAGARĖS ŠNEKTOS LEKSIKA:
ŽVALGOMASIS PJŪVIS
The ocabula y o p o e bs, ad ice, sayings, and sayings is bes e lec ed in he
žodynai, be kol Joniškio šnek ų žodynas ebė a ank aš inis, iksliau, pa eng as
o iginal compu e ized e sion o p o e bs, which can be used as a su ey
expe imen . The au ho sugges ed ha om he en ies in he Zaga ese lexicon
sa a ankiškas kalbos dalis, i palygin i, kaip ji a spindė a didžiajame Lie u ių
o choose a mo e a ied lexicon, a dic iona y o he co esponding language, om
which he common language speaks semi-language wo ds, in which he e a e many
examples om he e minology, i is unde s ood ha he e should be examples
om he Zaga ese (Ž) o Skais gi io (Sk), Joniškio (Jnš). Selec ed wo ds in he
eco dings o he Zaga e a Schnek os can be e alua ed by he c i e ia o
publishing ocabula y (usabili y bk), meaning no el y, language con ac s and use
c ea i i y o he language. Selec ed o e 80 wo ds, o which 74 a e pa o he
au onomous and 9 […] pa o he non-au onomous language. 32 i ems o be
discussed om he eco dings o he Jagge 's Snake. I is compa ed whe he
hese nouns and hei meanings a e e lec ed in Li huanian ocabula y by
illus a i e sen ences o e e ences. The publica ion indica es ha he Joniškis
a e used in he slang ciocė […] e a[…] (e.g. om Jnš, Žg), da iniai […]dažai[…] (e.g. om
Jnš), gangis […]gi moun ains ins alla ion[…] (e.g. om Jnš, Žg), man a […] u is […] (e.g. om Jnš), obelys […]š olys […] (e.g. om Jnš, nedg), pa ing […]kas […] (e.g. om Jnš), podk ikš amo […] (e.g. om Jnš), a […], a […], a […].
p ijuos ė (e.g. om Jnš and e e ence Žg). Thus, he e lec ion o he Žaga ės
šnek os and Joniškio šnek ų i ems would amoun o 29,03 % o he LKZ The e a e
nouns p esen ed in LKZ wi hou indica ion ha hey a e used in Žaga ės šnek a
o a leas in Joniškį, e.g. či škynė […]wooden ba škalas, kleke as[…]; he penny is
gi en o he p ies o chu ch se an s, o hose who isi he penny, as a
dow y; ki pšas ‘who has a sho hai cu ( he wo d ki pšė is used in LKZ, bu you
can combine hem i you know how hey a e spelled in he Žaga ė dialec ); "I' e
go o ge d essed, I' e go o ge d essed". he gi l […]samdinė[…]; o p ay o a b igh , easy land; he sea […] he sea […];

JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
130 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX
sodžius ‘kaimas’; sueiga ‘giminių susiėjimas’. Apskaičia us p ocen us, ma y i,
kad 37,5 % daik a a džių nenu ody i kaip a ojami Žaga ės šnek oje (i ki ose
In he case o he Uni ed Kingdom:
In all o he meanings, h ee nouns a e used: kabė ‘hai b aid (LKŽ close would only
mean ‘hai b aid); pu iness ‘small gi l (LKZ means only ‘li le a baby, bu his
e e s o a walking gi l); poin ‘place whe e alcohol is esold; andis b oken and
la ened legs (LKZ's closes meaning is ankle, heel o inge winkle). In o he
meanings, 12.9% o nouns a e used in Zaga e dialec . LKZ does no ha e i e wo ds
used in he Zaga ese dialec a all, such as "augaul", which ends a sen ence wi h a
gene ic wo d, while saying o he lowe s ha sound like lowe s. The o he wo
ko inis ‘aukojimas, labda a’; d obnės ‘ ėja aupiai’; g ižas ‘kas susuk as, g įž ė’;
liespienis ‘pienas be g ie inės, liesas pienas’. Vienas žodis – lingacija ‘da želio
gėlė’ – leis ų su ok i esponden o kū ybiškumą: iš a dijęs da želyje augančius
wo ds slaugh e e and slaugh e e and slaugh e e a e no LKZ. Thus, 22.58
pe cen o he i ems did no make i o he LKZ. This means ha abou 35.5% o
lie u is’ – liudy ų bal ų au ų i kalbų kon ak us. Pas a ųjų daik a a džių aip
wo ds o hei meaning peculia i ies could supplemen he ese es o he
Li huanian language, he language und.
A ski ai eikė ų paminė i daik a a džius, ku ie, keičian is gy enimui i nyks-
Many o he ools (o o me echniques) a e wi hd awn om ac i e use, bu a e
emembe ed by esponden s. O hese, he men ioned aznyčia is he place whe e he
b ine is hea ed o d ied [aznče búdā a ep anpi iẽs lùbu. pada a nu òki džé (Daukšiai)].
he ho se-d awn ca iage, he ho se-d awn ca iage, he ho se-d awn ca iage, he
ho se-d awn ca iage, he ho se-d awn ca iage, he ho se-d awn ca iage, he
ho se-d awn ca iage, he ho se-d awn ca iage, he ho se-d awn ca iage, he s eam
‘collec ion machine [ apẽ·uz bú·dα a dã.pis jà (Ve šia)]; A ehicle wi h medical wheels?
d αŋùkes (Žiu ia)]; g ėb is ‘s ambesnis šiaudagalys?’ i pelas ‘smulkus šiau-
dagalys, akuo as’ [šũdus eke a i / pèlùs eke a i / g ·us eke a i /
The ime o he ca wash, he ca wash, he ca wash, he ca wash, he ca wash, he
ca wash, he ca wash, he ca wash, he ca wash. I'm going o ake a piece o one o
he so e pieces o lea he and I'm going o pu i in a saucepan, and I'm going o pu i in
šiai); žiẽma. ei(p)‿pà su‿nagin·lm d ·dα au (Daukšiai)]; učkas ‘čiulp ukas,
a saucepan, and I'm going o pu i in a saucepan, and I'm going o pu i in a saucepan, and
I'm going o pu i in a saucepan, and I'm going o pu i in a saucepan. A ho se-d awn
ca iage wi h a bell-shaped bel ied a ound he ho se's neck and a pony ail wi h a
pony ail. Kabdā a ou(ž) ž āŋgùus maùus bá.l us (Ve ki i […] učkas and ž angučiai (LKŽ
pašó· kaz bú·dα a (Ve šia); á. li. ku uškiῇka / júodas / šikšnnes / pašó· kaz
ž anguliai) […] a e known om he w i ings o he people (M. Slančiausko) o M. Ka iliškio
šia)]. Vieni žodžiai, kaip mašinkūlis (LKŽ mašinkūlė), nu ody i esan apie Žg,
S aipsniai / A icles 131
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
(g ožinių kū inių). The e a e no e e ences o he use o Zaga a o Skais gi is, Joniškį
nea mos wo ds. O he ele en wo ds lis ed, only h ee o hem a e used in Jonišek's
"Snek os," and eigh o hem do no o do no e en ha e he wo d "Snek os" (d anges,
g yb is, pašo kos) in hem.
This is shown in Table 1.
The adjec i es o ad e bs ha acqui e an adjec i al meaning a e used in he
en ies o he Jaga e's Snek os, which a e chosen by 13 esponden s e y
app op ia ely and accu a ely o desc ibe a hing o a phenomenon, o o o m a
s able combina ion o wo ds. Some o hem, such as he high-pi ched si ing on he
a pa ekę į LKŽ, o ki i, kaip ka as ‘kiek ienas’ i š akas ‘silpnas’, y a LKŽ su
back and he ague like species, a e no gi en examples om he Zg. Mos o he
adjec i es ha a e no indica ed as being used in he Zaga e o Joniškio syllables
a e: he G ea Wa […] he Fi s Wo ld Wa […]; he pu e "emp y"; powe ul […]good[…];
small […]mažažemis[…]; he wo ke 's shi ; he single wo d ‘keiksmas, speaks wi h
keiksmažodžiais. In all o he meanings, he adjec i es "li ing" and "li ing" a e used;
I 's wa m and cozy. Thus, 61.5% o he adjec i es in Zaga e's slang a e used in a
special way (see able 2). You can choose o use 30 wo ds o ph ases. All 19 o he
ac ions a e in he LKZ da abase. Only a ew o hem a e used in o he (non-LKŽ)
meanings, e.g. bliau i ‘ o shou and ‘ o call loudly; he wo d ‘exe cise kni e
(ma gučius) is dele ed; o ge id o he "c ushed oam"; o speak; o speak; he
kai kel i kojas’; nusi e i ‘ka u gy en i’; spa dy is ‘ge ai gy en i’; s okso i ‘bū i
ne eikalingam, s o ė i’; susi e i ‘gim i’; ažiuo i ‘bū i pašau am į k osnį’. Ki ų
meanings o he min ‘ i miš eiksmažodžių coincide wi h he meanings excluded om
he LKŽ, bu he e a e no e e ences o hei use in he Žaga ė slang o abou Jnš,
e.g. he p onuncia ion ‘ o lea e o a man; he deceased is ‘un ecalled; o go
"quickly"; lea ned; lea ned; lea ned; lea ned; lea ned o be in i ed ‘ o come back o
li e, o alk; o ag ee […] o ag ee, o ag ee on wha […]; co e ed wi h an ‘une en
11 p ie eiksmių aizdas – į LKŽ nepa eko o mos a galiau ‘a gal’ i p ie a iš-
su ace; shou ‘call. How di e en i is o belie e in le e s. In all o he meanings,
black is used " e y, pleasan ly" and loosely "unco e ed glass, no emb oide ed". The
LKZ does no speci y ha i is mo e widely used o "disc imina ing be ween he
apgaub ai (s iklu)’; p as ai ‘silpnai’; ikybiškai ‘ eligiškai’ i skaudžiai ‘šiu kščiai’
wo ld o Li huania" and "mo e a luen , mo e luxu ious"; ‘Nei a is also eely used in
Zaga e dialec . Only nea opom and a da ai, which we e opened, LKŽ a e examples
om Joniškio, bu no om Žaga ė. Al hough he meaning o he e bs (pa and
p onoun) is well e lec ed in he LXX, some o hei meanings a e unique o he Zago ians (see able 3).
Žaga ės šnek os į ašuose akis pa aukė 11 nesa a ankiškų kalbos dalių. Iš-
ik ukais i dalely ėmis esponden ai siekė san ū aus pasakojimo spal ingu-
mo. LKŽ nė a nu ody a, kad eksp esy iosios kalbos dalys, okios kaip: a ‘ aip
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
132 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX also; mus ha e been […]p obably, maybe[…]; we
can; plump o all in o he wa e ; o imi a e bu zgimu, also used in Zaga es
speech. O he s, e.g. gan […]mo e, enough[…]; no a all; ‘Kyš , indica ed as he
powe o hun ing is used. The e is no LKZ o imi a e he sound o džing, and he
wo ds džing and džingu wi h simila meanings a e used in o he meanings (see
able 4). The s udy o he lexicon o he Zaga e syllables u he ein o ces he
idea ha he ocabula y o he syllables, syllables, and g oups o syllables is an
unmeasu ed and unseeded easu e o e o he Li huanian language.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The Minds o he Appendica es
Acco ding o he eco dings o Žaga ė's poems, made in 1998-2003, accen ua ions
and g amma ical polynomials lead o he in es iga i e wo ks o he 21s cen u y,
obse ing he polynomials o poems. F om he poin o iew o accen ua ion, he
gene al wi hd awal o he c oss p e ails in he Zaga e dialec . The peculia i ies o
mixed double-c ossing obse ed by he speake s dese e mo e de ailed
in es iga ion and co ec ion, aking in o accoun he na ional a ilia ion and
minė ina balsių a, e, i, u i p iebalsių ch, , h a imas; p idė inių j, a ojimas;
įdomu pasek i šlekia imo i p iebalsių minkš inimo / kie inimo aidą.
Žaga ės šnek os mo ologinės ypa ybės – ski ingi a dažodžių kamienai,
linguis ic sel -exp ession o he speake . Kis i should ha e ce ain phone ic
cha ac e is ics, including he a ia ion o numbe s and gende s, he use o owels,
he o ma ion o adjec i e o ms (adjec i es, deg ees, syllables) (o bo owed
om nea by syllables), he use o e bs and o ms […] should also gi e way o linguis ic w i ing.
The e minal eco ds allow an image o be o med o how wo ds a e o med in
Zaga es speech. Responden s mos ly used condoms, condoms, condoms and
condoms. I has been obse ed ha nouns a e o med wi h p eposi ions -inis,
-a is, -ėjas, -elis, -ie is, - ojas, -ui is. O būd a džiams dažnesnės p iesagos -ingas,
-u is. In he Zaga e dialec , he p e ixed e bs p e ail, o which he men ioned
p eposi ions a e ap-, nu-, pa-, pa -, p i- k . Du ian is mos o en consumed by he
jagua wi hou he accompanying balcony.
The o e iew o he lexicon o Zaga e's syllables allows o o m an image o he
syllable's own lexicon. Responden s sub ly choose a wo d o i s p onuncia ion
ma pasakojamiems aizdiniams a eiškiniams apibūdin i a spindi p igim inės
lexibili y and sui abili y o p esen a ion o hough s. The language en i onmen
(šiuo a eju – Žaga ės šnek os į ašai) odo, kaip esponden as o muoja i pe -
p o ides i s own c ea i e ideas in language.
A icles o he 133 d
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
LITERATŪRA
Ba ku ė Ne ija 2008: Joniškio ajono e i o ijos oponimija: da yba i aidos polinkiai.
Dak a o dise acija. Šiauliai.
Daujo y ė Vik o ija 1998: Teks as i kū inys. Vilnius: Kul ū a.
Ga š a Kazimie as 2005: Lie u ių kalbos pa ibio šnek os ( onologija). Vilnius: Lie u-
ių kalbos ins i u as.
Gi denis Aleksas, Juozas Pab ėža 1978: Nauji šlekia imo s ebėjimai Žaga ės
apylinkėse. – Bal is ica 14(2), 127–129.
Gi denis Aleksas, Geno ai ė Kačiuškienė 2000: Pa aleliniai eiškiniai la ių
i šiau inių lie u ių eiksmažodžio sis emose. – Kalbo y a 37(1), 21–27 [= Gi denis
Aleksas 2000: Kalbo y os da bai 2. Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos ins i u as,
307–314].
Gi denis Aleksas, Juozas Pab ėža 2000: Nauji šlekia imo s ebėjimai Žaga ės
apylinkėse. – Bal is ica 14(2), 127 i . [= Gi denis Aleksas 2000: Kalbo y os da bai. Vil-
nius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos ins i u as, 117–120].
Gi denis Aleksas, Juozas Pab ėža 2003: Sa giųjų i ž a biųjų p iebalsių s y a-
imai XX a. p adžios žaga iečio eks uose. – Bal is ica 37(2), 229–232.
G ina eckienė Elena 1962: Kai ku ios lie u ių kalbos a mių ypa ybės (iš 1961 me-
ų dialek ologinių ekspedicijų). – Lie u ių kalbo y os klausimai 5, 147–169.
Jonai y ė Aldona 1967: La ių kalbos po eikis pala ės aka ų aukš aičių šnek ų
g ama inei sanda ai. – Lie u ių kalbo y os klausimai 9, 171–182.
Jonai y ė Aldona 1960: Nauji duomenys apie Skais gi io a mės konsonan izmą. –
Lie u ių kalbo y os klausimai 3, 79–86.
Jonai y ė Aldona 1972: Pala ės aka ų aukš aičių nedėsningos one ikos žodžiai i
jų kilmė. – Lie u ių kalbo y os klausimai 13, 31–41.
Jonai y ė Aldona 1969: Pala ės aka ų aukš aičių šnek ų būd a dis, skai a dis,
į a dis. – Lie u ių kalbo y os klausimai 11, 183–221.
Jšp 2001 – Joniškio šnek ų p a imai i eks ai, a s. ed. J. Š amba y ė. Šiauliai: J. K. Va-
siliausko įmonė.
Kaika y ė Auš a 2015: Skais gi io šnek os ypa ybės. – Kalbos is o ijos i dialek olo-
gijos p oblemos 3, 150–173.
Kaika y ė Auš a 2010: Joniškio šnek os daik a a džio linksnia imo sis ema. Dak a o
dise acija. Vilnius.
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
140 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXX
3 LENTEL[…]. Wha is i ? O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel
Žodis Reikšmė Ilius acija Y a / nė a LKŽ(e).
Reikšmė is back again. The e is no LKŽ in he g ža àd(à)
àdgaæ (Žiu ia). The wo d LKZ is, bu he e a e no examples
o k(a)ae om ŽG loudly saying ka.un bis.un bis.usei kazé. by
in oking ka kazé.ika [heiminke, hos ess in i es ke] (Žg) bù(s)
(Sighs)
wi h he è [dampį] wi h he .ndeu o Jnš such meanings-
The chicken.
o con inue, 4.
I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o
ell you. I'm going o ell you wha I'm
wha I'm going o ell you. The e a e
no passenge s om Žg. I 's abou he
seasons. I 's abou he seasons. I 's abou he seasons. I'm no su e wha you mean.
The egg-laying eggs a e
Slide (abou ime).
going o ell you. I'm going o ell you
b oken ou o he
wi h a kni e.
(The e a e no
The wo d is in o he o ms
egg-laying eggs. To d aw
wi h a kni e, o d aw
ma -Pa yzdzi om Žg.
isiblaai · ospù as neb· a
(Ve šia) in meaning.
jũ· [ape bee making]
iš a o i išleis i už
y o dùk  bù a iš α ó· a / nu‿ αi‿ iem‿
s. n.m žẽ·me (Žg); iš α ó·dα a /
I 's cold. n.d.a. a os.n.m a.žẽ·me
palgdà a jà (Žg) ju is a gi en wo d, bu
Išleis i už y o.
Pa yzdys iš Sk.
he e is no siai àš kin i bu ka eipjudα
going o alk o you. I'm going o alk o
you. I'm going o alk o you. The P k.
ia nè / (Žiu iai) such meanings. I'm
[…]u (Žg) whispe ing,
whispe ing; Ang y,
s op alking o each o he .
The e's no example o ZhG.
The wo d is, bu he
meaning. (glass)
o he way a ound, i
g abbed by Ba bo
(Zg) No u he wo ked han ho - olled
doesn' ha e any
Umias auskai ė

S aipsniai / A icles 141
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
Žodis Reikšmė Ilius acija Y a / nė a LKŽ(e).
The hy hmic wi ching o
he Reikšmė o he eb
I'm going
Examples
g àže á.ušče kó·jes m.ki.
o ha e
I'd like o hank you o you kind wo ds.
o ask you a ew ques ions.
om Žg o hem
He's no he e.
You' e no going o be
disappea , is o
able o do ha . To
disappea . The e is a
e e ence o p k.
disappea , o
Pa yzdžių iš Žg nė a.
nusi e i ka u gy-
en i čè‿jeu nebe‿pi mó·i / k a. mó· e iška.
ùȓù nusi · e.s / jà (Ve šia)
Iš dalies ik ų
2. T e i. 2. Kib is,
o hold, o hold, o
hold.
Pa yzdžių iš Žg a
He's no he e.
I'm going o go o he ba h oom.
I'm going o go o he ba h oom.
I'm going o go o he ba h oom. Whe e e you go, un.
Pa yzdžių iš Žg a
He's no he e.
wide sp ead
I 's all o e he place.
and he wo ld
Li huania is
ich in 9. I'm
I'm o he
.ka.gi. é.n pláče.
plàče žm.n.s gi. é.n (Žiu iai)
(Ziu iai) Pa ly only 2.
no kidding,
ai .
Pa yzdžių iš Žg a
He's no he e.
he ollowing
You' e going o
able is inse ed:
ha e o do
some hing abou
Le 's mo e one.
i . I 's like you' e been p omo ed.
Pa yzdžių iš Žg nė a.
You' e oo weak. Wha 's ha ? I 's
The e a e no
he six h ime. Weak, no s ong.
examples o […]su[…] (Žg) om Žg.
The e is no
his o ically no le e s no
nebú·dā a [no le e s did no
supe s i ious belie in LKJ.
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX o
Žodis Reikšmė Ilius acija Y a / nė a LKŽ(e).
Reikšmė
pa sik ies i įkalbė i
sug įž i,
pa icipa e and pa icipa e.
belie e] (Žiu ia) called The e a e
language, only om w i ing.
jiñ u ·e namẽ·li. / mùm pa sk ie e
(Ve šia)
Pap ašy i, pa adin i,
pašauk i ką ku a -
no examples om li ing li ing
obbe y wi h a kni e. Rope o ope
I 's a
o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope o ope Oil, c ude oil and lique ied na u al gas
was e o ime.
The e a e wo examples o
I 's him.
pain ul, se e e, pain ul, pain ul,
pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul,
pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul,
pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul, pain ul I 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's o ensi e, i 's wha you a e going o do wi h i .
Pa yzdžių iš Žg nė a.
Spa dy is p abankójz
gy ia) is no in ha
o be sho ened o
d. ba àž dã spá. æus
sense.
(ŽiuŽodis LKŽ is, bu giai
wen y- i e. The
o die. I'm no going o
i . I'm no going o be
closes wo d is no
be able o do i . I'm no
able o do i . Bu
epea ed. You' e going
going o be able o do
ha 's no he poin .
The e's a lack o LKJ, bu he e a e
examples o ka. (Zg) No less han € 5 I
ik iš aš ų.
sulyg i sude ė i nu‿be ‿neigα as‿k. s / sul·ga ã.-
don' know i i 's because I'm om
om he Czech Republic o because
1 Sulyg i 1. Sude ė i.
he Czech Republic o because I'm
I'm om he Czech Republic o
because I'm om he Czech Republic.
going o gi e bi h o a baby. I 's only
(Ve šija) would ha e exis ed.
I'm going o gi e bi h o a baby. I'm
10 o'clock. [In La ian, o make i ]
Pa yzdžių iš Žg a
He's no he e.
cooked, uncooked
o […]· pùs[…]. I'm
1. o make an
going o bed. I 's
no wo h i . I 's
une en -a su ace
no wo h i .
Pa yzdžių iš Žg nė a.
I'm going o call i a
k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-
k-p-k-s-no -k-p-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k--
-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k--
k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-
-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k- To be called (by name, ẽ.p šã.ũke (Žg) by name, p a a de). The e a e no examples o Žg o Jnš.
S aipsniai / A icles 143
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
Žodis Reikšmė Ilius acija Y a / nė a LKŽ(e).
Reikšmė is a eligious belie , a eligious belie . The e a e no examples o Žg o
Jnš.
I 's abou wha you' e opened,
opened.
wha you' e opened, wha you' e
I 's om Jnš, bu
i 's no om Žg.
o be d i en by a
o he 21s , I'm going
b eadc umbs (Zg) F om he wo ds
išu (Žiu ia) LKŽ is he wo d in he
pedes ian. I 's called
o go o he 21s , I'm
Zg o k osnį Jnš is no in he uppe
pé.mpe. F om he 21s
going o go o he 21s , I'm going o go o he 21s , I'm going o go o he 21s , I'm going o go o he 21s .
pa o he sen ence o lé. izdā a
uppe pa .
he mass
o he
pe icien
dėmuo
4 LENTELĖ. Žaga ės šnek os nesa a ankiškos kalbos dalys
Žodis Reikšmė Ilius acija Y a / nė a LKŽ(e).
Reikšmė o also *daũgā a a bαsei
skeñda (Žg); he ollowing able is
addi ion, he Commission shall be
ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26
inse ed: O also, oo, and. In
empowe ed o adop delega ed
o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The e a e no examples o Žg o senẽ·lis a sko bù a mã· ẹs (Žg) Jnš.
I'm going o ha e o ell you some hing.
I'm going o ha e o ell you some hing.
I'm going o ha e o ell you some hing.
I'm unning, ell me abou i .
Pa yzdžių iš Žg a
He's no he e.
The e is no
o imi a e he
mam kab·k ieαle
(Ve shia)
skeidjiadž.ñg
sound o he
dž.ñg dž.ñg dž.ñg džLKŽ.
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
144 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Žodis Reikšmė Ilius acija Y a / nė a LKŽ(e).
I 's a lo o
money, Pa-1.
kankamai enu m.men u gañ bù a / p.ȓmi-
ningz bù a ne ·ẽ·de.s / ag ònoms ne-
ẽ·des / penininks (Žg)
Tha 's enough, ha 's enough
pakankamai, už ek-
inai.
LKZ is a su icien
wo d, bu he e
a e no examples om ŽG.
I would like o ask he
whe he he is p epa ed o accep
P esiden -in-O ice o he Council
he amendmen s abled by he Commi ee on he En i onmen , Public Heal h and Consume P o ec ion. Fo a sudden e ec o ge. .l. (g) o ma k (c) he ho n, he his le.
Example om Žg.
You mus ha e
I'm no su e i I'm
going o be able o
inse ed he wo d.
make i .
He's no he e.
We may ha e o change he wo d
(g)
"in e up ion".
Examples om Žg o
He's no he e.
I don' ha e o w i e i all
The passing o he
down. No much, no a all.
Zhelgaičiai (Zhelgaičiai) om Žg.
plump he all wi h he
wa e o he wa e o
nusaky i
d essing o he clo hes
he wa e o he
o he wa e o he
wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e o he wa e
Pa yzdžių iš Žg a
Jnš nė a.
o bu ping 3. I 's
imi uo i iš‿ ó·la ižgisim / ka‿pu pu pu /
mó·ki. ojes kaškòks u ·e mọ òcikla.
(Žg)
go o be bu ning.
Pa yzdžių iš Žg a
Jnš nė a.
Phone ic and Mo phological Peculia i ies
o Žaga ė Local Dialec (End o he 20 h
Cen u y – Beginning o he 21s Cen u y)
Summa y
In his a icle, he au ho p esen s he con inued esea ch on he local dialec o Žaga ė. This
ime he a icle is de o ed o he accen ual, phone ic, mo phological phenomena ound in he
Zago a local dialec and i s peculia lexical cha ac e is ics. Acco ding o he au ho , he
accen ual endencies and dialec al g amma ical phenomena appa en in he eco ds o Žaga ė
A icles by A icles 145
Fone inės i mo ologinės Žaga ės šnek os ypa ybės
(XX a. pabaiga – XXI a. p adžia)
local dialec made be ween 1998 and 2003 lead o he wo ks o he 21s cen u y […] he s udy
on he change o he dialec .
Dialec ologis s a ibu e he Žaga ė local dialec o he a ea o uni e sal s ess e ac ion.
The peculia i ies o accen ua ion o mixed diph hongs obse ed by linguis s Juozas Pab ėža
and Auš a Kaika y ė dese e a mo e de ailed s udy and co ec ion wi h ega d o he in-
o mings na ional belonging and linguis ic iden i y. Ce ain phone ic peculia i ies, such as he
p onuncia ion o owels a, e, i, u, and consonan s ch, , h, he use o adjec i es j, , he
so-called phenomenon o slang and he so ening o ha dening o consonan s, e lec he
dialec 's phone ic sys em. They can s ill be ound in he dialec al eco ds o he la e 20 h
cen u y.
The mo phological peculia i ies o he local dialec , such as s em al e a ion in nominal wo ds,
numbe and gende a ia ions, use o he dual numbe , peculia (o bo owed om close local
dialec s) o ma ion o nominal wo d o ms (p onominal, deg ee, e lexi e), as well as he
peculia i ies o he use o e b s ems and o ms a e s ill iable and sa is y he esponden s'
needs o linguis ic exp ession. Dialec al eco ds enable us o unde s and how wo ds a e o med
in Zago a local dialec . The esponden s mainly used su ixal and p e ixal de i a i es and
compounds. Noun de i a i es we e o med wi h he su ixes -a is, -ėjas, -elis, -ie is, - ojas, -ui is,
whe eas -ingas, -inis, -u is we e mo e common adjec i al su ixes. P e ixal e b o ma ion wi h
p e ixes ap-, nu-, pa-, pa -, p i ook he lead. The speake s o Žaga ė local dialec used o o m
compounds wi hou a connec ing owel.
The e iew o he lexical c oss-sec ion o he Zago a local dialec p o ides us wi h an insigh
in o he peculia lexis used in he dialec . The wo d o o m sub ly chosen by he esponden s
o desc ibe images o phenomena shows he lexibili y o he mo he ongue and i s
sui abili y o exp ess hough s unde con empo a y condi ions.
Deli e ed on 17 May 2019
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Pe o Vilešio g. 5, LT10308 Vilnius, Li huania
Janina. alu[email p o ec ed] This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h Pe o Vilešio g.