S aipsniai / A icles 71
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Resea ch a eas: analysis o w i en sou ces, lexicog aphy and
lexicology o w i en sou ces, sociolinguis ics, syn ax.
This Decision shall en e in o
o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
SINTAKSIN […] YPATYB […] SINTAKSIN […] SINTAKSIN […] SINTAKSIN […] SINTAKSIN […] SINTAKSIN […] SINTAKSIN […] SINTAKSIN […] SINTAKSIN […] SINTAKSIN […] SINTAKSIN […] SINTAKSIN […] SINTAKSIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] SIN […] Wha is he meaning o wha is he meaning o wha is he meaning o wha is being said
(REMIAMASI om 1998 o
2003 MET)
Syn ac ic Peculia i ies o Žaga ė Local Dialec
(Based on he Reco ds o 1998–2003)
ANOTATION The au ho concludes he desc ip ion o he Zaga e snail wi h his a icle. The
a icle analyzes he syn ax o he subjec , objec , ime, place, and eason o a sen ence. The
niai šios šnek os eiškiniai, ap a iamos mo osin aksinės kons ukcijos (pe icien y as, ei-
kiamybės, sąlygos aiška, a oidas), būdingos i ki ai bal ų kalbai – la iams. Ap ašoma
combina ion o adjec i al cons uc ions and compound sen ences used in speech a e e iewed.
Based on he ocabula y o ph aseology and he ocabula y o compa isons, which desc ibe he
ph asing o e bs ( adi ional ph ases and s able combina ions o wo ds), compa isons,
a en ion is d awn o he exp essi e o m o e bs used in he in oduc ion.
ESMINIAI WORDS: syn ax o e bs, mo phosyn ac ic exp essions, ph aseology,
compa isons, and he exp ession o language.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
By his a icle he au ho inishes he desc ip ion o Žaga ė local dialec . The a icle analyzes
i s syn ac ic phenomena and discusses mo phosyn ac ic cons uc ions (pe iphe al,
exp ession o necessi y and condi ion, a h oid), which can also be ound in ano he Bal ic
language, i.e. La ian language. The a icle desc ibes he dialec al exp ession o he subjec ,
objec , ime, place and cause in he sen ence. I e iews he linking wo ds o dangling ĮVADAS
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
Ac a Linguis ica Li uanica LXXII, cons uc ions and complex sen ences used in he dialec .
Based on he Ph aseological Dic iona y and Dic iona y o Compa isons, he a icle desc ibes
he dialec 's ph aseology ( adi ional ph aseological uni s and s able wo d ph ases) and
compa isons and d aws a en ion o he insigh ully applied exp essi e con en in he dialec .
KEYWORDS: dialec syn ax, mo phosyn ac ic phenomena, ph aseology, compa isons, and
language exp ession.
The mo phosyn ac ic and syn ac ic phenomena o Zaga e's syllables di e om he
syn ac ic cons uc ions o phenomena desc ibed in he wo ks o s anda d syn ax (LKG II, Jono
s ebė i i ap ašy i dialek ologų Aldonos Jonai y ės, Auš os Kaika y ės s aips-
niuose a ba bend uose Alekso Gi denio i Geno ai ės Kačiuškienės, Alekso
Gi denio i Juozo Pab ėžos publikacijose. A k eip i dėmesį ai, kas aiškiausiai
Balke ičius, Vi o Labucius) we e common in he science o dialec ology, so o speak. The au ho
o he a icle did no lea e his adi ion ( ashion) anywhe e. In his book, The Tex and he
Piece, Dona Sauka discusses he idea ha he ex is a cons uc o he mind, de e mined by
li e expe iences, ela ed o he essen ial ques ions o being a pe son: who am I, how do I see he
wo ld, how and wha do I hea , why and many o he ques ions. Zaga 's ske ches e lec he
coun y's on ie man's sel -awa eness and s ong (some imes ca ego ical) a i ude o
a ious li e issues, de eloped by obse ing, e alua ing, con empla ing, compa ing, opposing.
Responden s' insigh s a e qui e accu a e and mode n, and hei syn ax is sub le.
The subjec ma e , he pu pose, he me hods. The a icle was p epa ed om he eco dings o
Žaga ės šnek os, s o ed in he Ta mių a chi e o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e Geolinguis ics
Cen e (LKI GCTA)1. The o al eco ds unde in es iga ion a e om he end o he 20 h cen u y and he
beginning o he 21s cen u y (1998-2003 yea s)2. O he i s -gene a ion esponden s, bo n be ween
1901 and 1936, 16 eco ded casse e apes. The esea ch ma e ial is desc ibed in mo e de ail in he
au ho 's a icle, see. The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal
ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU. The LKGTA con ains eco ds o he olde and
younge gene a ions om 2011 o 2013. The au ho o he a icle does no men ion i o one eason he
age o he esponden s. The olde gene a ion bes e lec s adi ional language, and he ansla ion
eco ds o such esponden s a e mos ly made in he yea s indica ed. The au ho does no se a goal o
compa e, as he syn ax o he syllables changes. The s a ic o change o he phenomena o he
de ached syn ax, in he au ho 's opinion, has no meaning un il he ea u es o he syn ax o he Zaga e
syllable a e desc ibed. The p oblem o aids and changes emains an objec o esea ch and encou ages o he s o ind a icles on his opic, based on he con en o he a icle.
A icles o he 73 d
Žaga ės šnek os sin aksinės ypa ybės
( emiamasi 1998–2003 me ų į ašais)
The expe ience o he esponden s ( om schoolchild en o s uden s and PhD
s uden s) wi h he su ey and he eco ding o he language is e lec ed in he
esponden s' answe s o he ques ions o in he sequen ial s o ies. The aim o he
a icle is o desc ibe o he i s ime he syn ac ic ea u es, compa a i e and
ph asal compounds and exp essi e hyme o he Zaga e syllable. The objec i es o
be achie ed a e: (a) Desc ibe mo pho-syn ac ic phenomena based on he ma e ial
o he eco dings o he Jagge 's Snake; b) discuss he compa a i e me hods used
palyginimus i azeologizmus; c) pi mą ka ą a k eip i dėmesį į esponden ų
ku iamo eks o a minės eksp esijos būdus. Au o ės pasi elkiami ap ašomasis i
by he esponden s. I is expec ed ha he syn ac ic phenomena no ed in he
ska ins olesnį dialek ologų dėmesį, s ebin jų aidą i / a kai ą.
a icle ZAGARS ŠNEKTOS MORFOSINTAKSINS
SINTAKSIN'S YPATYB'S Wha is he meaning o his e se?
The au ho is unable o desc ibe he comple e syn ac ic sys em o he Zaga ese syllables
o se e al easons: he limi ed scope o he ex s o be examined, he quali y o he ex s
hemsel es (lack o ques ioning o esponden s and he ullness o he ex , he limi ed
na a i e s uc u e o esponden s (na a i e opics)), all o which nulli y he
agmen a ion o he syn ac ic exp ession. The au ho belie es ha i is wo hwhile o
desc ibe he obse ed (mo phosyn ac ic) phenomena ha will help o e eal he syn ac ic
sys em o Zaga e's syllables only when he scope o he esea ch ex s (in e ms o
con en and ime) is la ge , mo e app op ia e and mo e a ied han he expe iences o he
esponden s. S uc u ally, he e a e h ee pa s o his a icle: i s , he mo phosyn ax
no es a e discussed, ollowed by he syn ax exp essions and he hyme o he Zaga ean
syllable. Mo phosyn ac ic phenomena. Among he mo phosyn ac ic ea u es o he
Zaga ean syllable is he use o he e na y e b sys em […] pe icien (Gi denis, Kačiuškienė,
1986 = Gi denis 2000: 307[…]314; Jšp 2001: 39; Lipa e 3 1998 A. Kaika y ė asked he man (bo n 1928
m.) and he woman (bo n 1928), and he s uden s o Li huanian s udies S. Micku ė and S.
Raice ičiė […] (bo n 1930) and wo men (1914 m. and 1936 m.). The ollowing pe sons we e
egis e ed as esponden s: A. L. Lau ea e, B. Balu i e, R. No man ai, J. No man ai, J.
No man ai, J. No man ai, J. No man ai, J. No man ai, J. No man ai, J. No man ai, J. No man ai,
J. No man ai, J. No man ai, J. No man ai, J. No man ai, J. No man ai, J. No man ai, J.
No man ai, J. No man ai, J. No man ai, J. In 2003, s uden s a he Joniško o-Auš as High
School w o e he s o ies o he esponden s bo n in 1923 and 1925.
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
74 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
2000: 144 […] 152; 2000a: 151 […] 179; Kaika y ė 2010: 26) 4. The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible
wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. Rolandas Mikulskas, based
on he da a o he Li huanian language dic iona y a chi e s o ed a he Li huanian Language Ins i u e,
uses he line o dis ibu ion o pe iphe al cons uc ions "nub ėžia and p ecise" in he no he n b anches
o Li huania. I shows ha he a ea o p e alence o pe ec ionis cons uc ions s ill needs o include
no he n coppe heads and u ensils (Mikulskas 2003: 75[…]76; Kaika y ė 2010: 27; 2015: 169). A. Kaika y ė no ed
ha […]skais gi iečiai, i is expec ed, and žaga iškiai, pe icien y o kons ukcika y ė 2015: 169)5. The
joms suda y i dažniausiai a oja pos e bus lauka ‘laukanʼ, žemė ‘žemėnʼ“ (Kai-
speake 's obse a ion is insigh ul: he slang-pe icien cons uc ion ends o be o med mo e o en
wi h he pos e b ield ‘laukan o laukan, e.g. paspá.udei ó·ki. he bu ons. I'm so y abou ha . I'm so y
abou ha . "I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know
wha you' e alking abou . Tha 's i . Tha 's he machine. The es o i . (F ench) She's going o die. […]ga
lauka neb ka[…]jiẽ nè i[…] [ ha he Ge mans a e going o shoo hem] (V š) I you' e in a hu y, you' e going
o ha e o come o us. I you' e in a hu y, you' e going o ha e o come o us. [Sully] I'm going o ake a look
a i . I'm going o ake a look a i . I'm going o ake a look a i . [Se gean 's neighbo ] (Dk); I.S.L.E.D. [ o he
a ea ag eed o i . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I 's no like I'm going o be able o do i . I'm going
obuolius] i‿su laũka (Žg); idα a lã.ũkαn a(s)‿s·menαs (Ž lg)6. Kiek ečiau
žaga iškiai a ojo pos e bą žemė ‘žemėnʼ a ba žemėn, p z.: nègaù i.e klebon-
o be able o do i . I'm no su e i I'm going o be able o do i , bu I'm going o do i . I don' know wha you' e
alking abou . This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion
in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. In he case o a Membe S a e, he Commission shall, by
means o implemen ing ac s, adop implemen ing ac s laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o
his Regula ion. I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . In he
Zaga ese dialec , he e a e also a ian s o he pe icien cons uc ion, o example, he adjec i e o
and he adjec i e o he g ound is used as a pos e b and is unde s ood in he sense o "land", e.g. ó·gz
g· ims kanù isk p iežẽ·mes (Žg) 8. In addi ion, i seems ha he pos - e b ield is mo e commonly used by
hose Zago ians whose pa en s o 4 Pe icien y u ([…] yks ančiuoju[…]) A. Gi denis and G. Kačiuškienė
in oduce an in e media e ca ego y o he e b's own and he e b sys em o he e en , which indica es
he end o he e b's a (o in gene al o a ce ain ex en ), see La ian impe ec […]muš i, pe ec
[…]is […]muš i […] and pe icien […]muš i[…] ([…]zem[…] Gi denis 2000: 307[…]314; 2001: 39; 2004: 15 […]). 5 Fo mo e
in o ma ion on pe ec ionis designs, see Lipa e 2000: 144 […] 152; 2000: 151 […] 179; 2005: 50 The Commission
conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o
he T ea y. 6 Fo he signs o he double-edged and double-edged swo d o he jagua , see This Regula ion
shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. 7 Acco ding o R. Mikulsko, he eal pe ec ionis is conside ed o be a combina ion wi h he ea h. Read mo e. The Mikulskas
2003: 71–96. The au ho o he a icle disag ees wi h his s a emen and belie es ha he e a e
wo easons o he exis ence o he conjunc ion wi h he pos e b lauka(n): i can be one o
he uni e sal exp essions o he language (e.g. simila exp essions o La ian and Es onian
languages) and he in e nal de elopmen o he Li huanian language, based on he conc e e exp ession o he sel .
8 A pos e b can be a p e ix o and a compound o a noun's e b's e b's e b, see Mikulskas
2003: 71–96.
S aipsniai / A icles 75
Žaga ės šnek os sin aksinės ypa ybės
( emiamasi 1998–2003 me ų į ašais)
seneliai y a lie u ių kilmės, o la ių kilmės a ba žemai iškų šaknų u in ys ža-
chooses he pos e b on he g ound in a ude way. Since Janis Endzelyn (Janis Endzelyn […] 1961)
no iced he phenomenon, he collec ed examples om F ied ich Ku šaičius (F yd ich Ku sza
1806[…]1884), Augus Leskin (Augus Leskien 1840[…]1916) and Ka l B ugmann (Ka l B ugmann
1849[…]1873[…]19), which aises he hypo hesis ha he design in ques ion in Li huanian was no o en
wi h a ield, bu wi h a g ound.
The Zaga ians, as A. Kaika y ė no es in desc ibing Skais gi 's snack, "used bo h ypes
o pa icipan s ex ensi ely" (Jšp 2001: 38; Kaika y ė 2015: 169). In conjunc ions wi h a
conjunc ion, i he ele an clause is e lec ed, he e b's 3 pe son o m o he pas
ense and he non- e bal o m o he e b's pa iciple (usually he e b's conjuga ion
equi ed a companion and a e b ending), e.g. jegud a pje.nmj apjó e j sj e
j e e e e e eje a žm je (Zg) a e used. In he sen ence, he abb e ia ed o m o
he wo d is used, bu he e b is no used. The e b is used be o e he objec
kαip‿i‿dàbà / g. en αnc‿sà .s / kã· e / ã· d. bi (Žg). Paski čiai nusaky i a -
( a dažodį) o a e he objec , e.g. bú·dā a dú. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I is w i en ha Joniškio šnek om is
cha ac e is ic o he ype o pa icipa ion ha is no exp essed in he exp ession o
he need (Jšp 2001: 38; Š amba y ė 2002: 6669; Š amba y ė 2003: 197 abou […]199). This
syn ax o he Bal ic languages has su i ed in he Zaga e dialec [plg. ena. kã. a. ã.
som ùge pj. nam . à (Žg)], bu is now clea ly in luenced by he no ms o he Li huanian
common language, plg. očè ùge pj. nam.
he ollowing able is inse ed:
The use o he e m "co ec ion" in he New Tes amen is a e e ence o he use o
he e m "co ec ion" in he New Tes amen , and he use o he e m "co ec ion" in
he New Tes amen is a e e ence o he use o he e m "co ec ion" in he New
Tes amen . I seems ha he compound used less equen ly o e e o Zaga a is
he one wi h he le e lai, plg. za á.ugdā au púoda. he ollowing able is inse ed: I 's
no like I'm going o be able o do i . The mos popula combina ion o he h ee-pe son
o m o he p esen ense and he pa ial ense is he lexical e b, which is always
used o add o he pa s o he sen ence (mos ly e bs wi h a dependen e b), e.g.
geæū lei à a .kā pasi ažin·j (Žg); The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop
delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying
down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The Commission shall be
empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his
Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. I 's no
like I'm going o be able o do i . I'm going o be able o do i . I can be seen ha he lei
he e also pe o ms he unc ion o a modi iable sliding pa i ion. Mo phosyn ac ically, a e b is a compound wo d o ph ase ha is used o deno e a pa icula ac ion, such as a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b, a e b. [I'm a aid hey won' be able o ge in o he 9 h A enue. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.

JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
76 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII
ligoninę]10 (Žg); m.m eik·da a p iu. · uos‿á. us / ka‿kas‿kcs ne-iš aúo
[We had o ake ca e o hose ho ses so ha no one else would go; [i is said abou
he La ians who came o he ma ke o Žaga ė, gua ding he ho ses] (Žg) I' e ne e
seen any hing like i be o e. I' e ne e seen any hing like i be o e. I' e ne e seen
any hing like i be o e. In desc ibing Skais gi 's snail, A. Kaika y ė poin s ou ha
[…]Skais gi 's snail, like he neighbou ing Žaga ė, Joniškio snails, is e y
cha ac e is ic o he so-called a h oids […] a gi en name ha pe o ms he
unc ion o a ma ke a icle[…] (Rosinas 1988: 59[…]67; Kaika y ė 2015: 168). I' e been
using he a oids o a long ime. I' e been using he a oids o a long ime. I' e
ik nuoseklaus pasakojimo ( eks o), pap as ai ku iamo ien isiniais sakiniais,
kulminacijoje, p z.: pe ‿ a·‿l·guma. ẽ·k / anà nes an . à // i ‿k a α žèm //
been using he a oids o a long ime. I 's no like I'm going o be able o do i . I don'
know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know
/ sùlig pàma as // [...] nã·k i. jau‿k.ls d·‿ .sa p.k a e pasid· ž èj. bà ùs //
pabùda / b ã· / a‿ ó·ba ša à / òki kaškòki // g aba js ma( )‿ uoz‿bà ùs // ie‿-
wha you' e alking abou . Some imes in indi idual sen ences he e is an excessi e
use o he noun, usually o summa ize a s o y, bu his is much a e , e.g. i ep
aži.dé.lka ižgé.b.e a.gi. ·be. (Zg) No u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils
An o e iew o mo phosyn ac ic phenomena in he Zaga e dialec shows ha hey
a e cha ac e is ic o he g amma ical ca ego ies o he noun (o he noun
eplacing i ) and he e b and ha e co espondences in La ian11. Syn axical
meanings. In he s o ies o he esponden s, he subjec , he objec , he ime and
place, he way o he eason is exp essed. The subjec is adi ionally e e ed o
by he noun o p onoun ha eplaces i (some imes by he p onoun sample), e.g.
i aka ·leiininko išs i às [bu] (Žg); I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o ell you. I is
also known as k ikš ·naas. (Zg) No u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils
Subjec : San yuž ú.ŋkeus n a gã e.pnig nuišku a.mžmõ·gui e(g) gi. é.? This is he
kiai žaga iškių gali bū i nusakomi naudininku: dàbà giù / i(š)‿šaũ / kiẽk
i s ime I' e seen his wo d in English. (Zg) No less han € 5 I'm going o gi e you
wo backs. I'm going o gi e you wo backs. I'm going o gi e you wo backs. Jonah
Jablonski's exclusi e e b nebu ėlis is also used in he Zaga e dialec , plg.: n a ká.m
a e [ he e is no hing coming] (Žg). Subjec i e ela ionships can be exp essed by
he conjunc ion o he adjec i e pa and he noun acuza i e [pâ kùniga
pâ ·skupa pâ d asšùs a lé.izdâ a [nuodėmes] (Žg. /).
10 T ansposed examples a e only gi en in b oken sen ences when he s uc u e o meaning o he
sen ence is unclea .
11 Fo simila linguis ic exp essions in La ian, see This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
S aipsniai / A icles 77
Žaga ės šnek os sin aksinės ypa ybės
( emiamasi 1998–2003 me ų į ašais)
The ela ionship be ween he seconda y pa s o a sen ence in Zaga e's p ose is also
qui e peculia : no only wi h jokes, bu also wi h p e ixes and compound wo d
cons uc ions. In he con ex o he p esen ense, he e b " o be" is used in
conjunc ion wi h he e b " o be," and he e b " o be" is used in conjunc ion wi h he
e b " o be" in conjunc ion wi h he e b " o be" in conjunc ion wi h he e b " o be"
in conjunc ion wi h he e b " o be". The ca . I 's no like I'm going o be able o do i .
I 's no like I'm going o be able o do i . I'm no su e i I'm going o be able o do i , bu I'm
going o do i . The objec can be ep esen ed by a noun o a noun da i e, when he
speake emphasizes he objec , e.g. já.m [dampiui] mà a adu bú·da a du (V š); The
Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26
o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his
Regula ion. he ollowing pa ag aph is added: I'm going o ake a showe . I'm no going o
ell you wha I'm going o ell you. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he
wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean
Union. I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o do. I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o do.
The Zago ians widely used he use o he noun 13. In speech, i is e y common o ha e a
possessi e consonan wi h he da i e o a su name, e.g. màna u() eubù a ·s αkα
màmà om·e o nã·šle (Žg); I don' know wha o do. I don' know wha o do. I 's no like
I'm going o be able o do i . I'm going o ell you some hing. I'm going o ell you
some hing. I'm going o ell you some hing. I don' know wha o do. I don' know wha o
do. Pe sonal p onouns such as aná.m bù a d dešimd gek ã· u a e mo e commonly used
in pe sonal p onouns. O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils I 's no like I
don' know wha I'm alking abou . he name o he municipali y in which he a m is
si ua ed (Žg); This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing
ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I don' ha e any
money. I don' ha e any money. I don' ha e any money. I'm no su e wha you' e alking
(Žg); bú·da a d  sẽ·nes [a ys] / i‿kòki šèš gȓùkαi / jauniùkαi // ek múm ũ·
[a ių] bù a (V š); mm  à k a dù gik ã· αi žẽ·m (V š). Klausiamasis-san y-
abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . The e was no longe a […] d[…] […] [open]
(Zg.) I'm going o h ow up in my mou h. O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in
coils I don' know wha o do. I don' know wha o do. I don' know wha o do. In he
case o a Membe S a e, he Commission shall adop implemen ing ac s laying down
de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. I don' know wha o do. I don'
know wha o do. I don' know wha o do. (b) he ollowing able is added: I'll ake ca e
o i . he bu e (Žg); I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm
ina / α ‿  s / αi‿mán i ‿ ems e [pa algy i] [ ai jei mano namuose y a a
12 Šis sin aksinis eiškinys p iski iamas ik a mėms, plačiau ž . LKG III 168.
so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, wha 's going on? Wha 's going on? Wha 's going on? Wha 's going on? Wha 's going on? Wha 's going on? Wha 's going on? (Zg) No less han € 5 I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. I'm going o ell you a s o y. (b) he ollowing able is added: We' e going o he ba h oom. mùm α bù a pi is (Žg); o I'm no going o lie o you. I'm no going o lie o you. The Chinese name o wha is and is dis inc om o he possessi e compounds is a e, e.g. nebù a gã·lima pα mũ. ine. I'm no su e i I'm going o be able o make i , bu I'm going o be able o make i . I'm going o gi e i o you. I'm going o gi e i o you. I'm going o gi e i o you. I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . he bu alo (Žg). In he objec i e sense, he noun is used in he examples: pà kα à gi. ẽ·nimui // gal·eu i apsi è i [ o he sake o li e. Galėjau i apsi es i] (Žg); α(i)emá(n) name à α mó·- 13 Abou simila cases in he La ian language see This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
78 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII mo he , o a he , i is o me and hose who need
o [pa algy i] (Žg); The emainde o he scheme shall be d awn up in acco dance wi h
he p o isions o A icle 21 o he Financial Regula ion. he ollowing able is inse ed:
I 's he pussy. jé.m bù a da·sod·bos [on he o he side o i he e was s ill a a m]
(Ž lg); one o he mo he s died (Ž lg); ié. was ollowed by .b.z búdā a azdā žẽ·lis
[ ha used o be he kinde ga en o he g andmo he ] (Ž lg). The wo d "galnik" and
"galnik" wi h he adjec i es "ja niks" a e also used o desc ibe he objec .
Daik a a džio is a epe i i e e b, also ela ed o he seman ic quan i y, plg. αi
á.ndeni. The man who b ough he wa e (Žg); I 's ime o say goodbye. I 's all igh .
I 's no like I'm going o die. The goa always made bee , he cal bough Jonišky om
he ma ke . The same chee ulness is main ained when a cha ac e is ic is exp essed
by a noun, e.g., αnc s p u. You' e no going o be able o do i . [ hey didn' make you
s ong, hey made you d ink] (Zg)14. Objec i e ela ions a e also indica ed by he
p e e ence o he acous ic cons uc ion o he objec [duou su uomèks iù pα àks
pα gá.l a. (Žg); ep i ·e pα pasá.uli. ku kampẽ·li gã· a (Ž lg)]. E en compa ison can be
made wi h he end o a noun, e.g. ú·kini.gz d ba a dks nes o ·e nebù a pα põna. [The old
man wo ked oo, he wasn' ee, he wasn' a gen leman] This cons uc ion can also be
used o indica e he di ec ion o he ac ion, e.g. ànà acik·le pα dù s and àš izpàsk.s
(Zg) No u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils I is app op ia e o eplace he end
join s wi h he accesso ies om, om o o he end join s [pα dá. ba.
pα( )[…] ú·pes i. all hose who a e unemployed [ om wo k, om ca e] (Zg.) I'm going o
ell you some hing. I'm going o ell you some hing. I 's he same hing. I 's he same
cija po su daik a a džio galininku aip pa žymi objek ą [nu‿mà α / è ùks ens
hing. he na. I'm a La ian, and I' e se ed he band, and I' e se ed he boy. The
cons uc ion o he da a idá. ba amàmà wi h he ais kakas ú·pi.da os ponàmùs]. The
p e ix p o wi h he end o he noun would co espond o he p e ix abou he meaning,
e.g. niẽk(a) ašj.m negàù papã·sako p ojeun.ma. Wha 's he ma e wi h you? Wha 's he
ma e wi h you? [I can' ell you any hing abou you h. I'm a home, so wha can I say?]
The Zago ians used he Pane ėžys' dis inc i e cons uc ion wi h he + inaginkos in
a ious meanings. T adi ionally, his cons uc ion e e s o a means o pe o ming an
ac ion, a ool, e.g. suka az.ŋka gá.udi.dā au [žu is] (V š); wi h […]dα[…]geis pjé.un (Žg);
/ k à su‿dα i kã·zdα a / αi‿ àdà padã· e ùždα a. kαs a. [kalbama apie Ba -
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h
A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he
applica ion o his Regula ion. I 's he same hing. I 's he same hing. d[…] bdα om (Žg);
and he kelès enšé. dα a wi h he spellas (Žg). In o he cases, he a o emen ioned
cons uc ion desc ibes such objec i e ela ionships ha ha e an addi ional pu pose
o eason o seman ic e lec ions, e.g. sùs pã·snikus u ·dα (a) a lαik· susikè (Ž );
The ba le was ough in he illage o Šuliniai (Žg). Wha 's he ma e wi h you? Wha 's he ma e wi h you? Do you ha e any idea? (Zg) No less han € 5 I 's no like I don' know wha I'm alking abou . I'm going o ake a showe . 14 The exp ession is examined and desc ibed, see o mo e in o ma ion. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
A icles 79 and 80 o he Code o Conduc . he alue o he money (Z ); I 's no like I'm
Žaga ės šnek os sin aksinės ypa ybės
( emiamasi 1998–2003 me ų į ašais)
going o be able o do i . I'm no going o be able o do i . The local hyme in Zaga e
dialec has i s own o ms o hyme. Thus, he wo d " ield" wi h he p e ix on he
cons uc ion is used in a comple ely di e en meaning o "one-sea e ", e.g.,
"on- he-g ound". [Li ing in he same ci y] maybe I'm he one who's doing i . I 's no like
I don' know wha I'm doing. The loca ion o he hills is indica ed by he name o he hill
wi h he adjacen o in e media e s uc u e [jũ·s j.unas me gčkas jegu apsi è e
p i . . negi. é.ŋkilg àcki a gi. é.ŋki (Žg); imẽ·s à bžm. gi. ẽ·nmŋ ipa é. i .sks (Ž )].
Mo e o en han no , he place is ma ked wi h a h eshold wi h he adjec i es o,
o. The p e ix cons uc ion in he place whe e he end o he noun is w i en also
has addi ional seman ic signs o he di ec ion, e.g. jõ· [b o he ] ne-uškabna nii.*sbi a.
I 's no a d awing. I 's a pain ing. No less han € 5 I'm no going o lie o you. I'm no
going o lie o you. [The e was such a mu mu in he land o he dead] (Žg) s[…]da i.
[…]á. […]li. This is he name o he game. He sa on a ho se and ode away. The place is
ma ked wi h he end o a noun, e.g. k žkej pa(s)sa a kiẽma. I' e been looking o you.
I' e been looking o you. I' e been looking o you. he plu al o […]be is om
[…] […]su[…] i. […] uos[…]*j[…]. […]dei[…]us (Ž lg); I 's called "pas ". This is he case in he
case o he Uni ed Kingdom. Ins ead o he jagua , i is w i en and a ely used he
old adjec i e cons uc ion sulig + inagininkas, e.g. a*liẽlupe k a . I don' know. I 's
no like I'm going o be able o do i . I'm going o be able o do i . The place is also old in
he adi ional local language, e.g., nàmuosè s ó·u nukã· gàù pasak·? (Zg) No u he
wo ked han ho - olled, in coils A. Kaika y ė has w i en ha […]ilia y ą, like bk,
usually s ands o p e e en ial cons uc ion o + galininkas. Jus o be no iced. [We
na, kad Joniškio šnek oje kalbamąja kons ukcija ka ais eiškiamas i inesy as“
(Kaika y ė 2010: 27). I žaga iškiai minė ą junginį a oja panašiai, p z.: i‿daži-
ne. sl·pẹs [da žinėje slėpės] (V č); o‿i.‿ du i. s ó· as‿mašns pcs‿jau [o idu-
yje s o as mašins pa s jau] (V š); i.‿pena. užm.ŋki.dα om / p id·da om s es a
co e ed he milk, added bu e , a ] (Zg. A ime, a ime pe iod o a ce ain pe iod o
ime is indica ed by he p e ixes o he geog aphical cons uc ions. The du a ion o
ime is usually exp essed in e ms o he p e ix league and he le -hand
cons uc ion o he oo o he noun [jegu lé.izdā a αi k ligisá.kšul.s lαidõs
[gegužinėje pabū i] (D); I 's Sunday. I'm going o ake a showe . I'm going o ake a
showe . This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha
o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The abb e ia ion o
he p e ixed cons uc ion lik wi h he nume al o noun o indica e he bounda y o
he ac ion is ein o ced by he pa i ion pa , e.g. šó·kei bú·dā a likpà d ·lik āi
ã·lāndāi d ·lik a. I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm
so y, I'm so y, wha a e you doing he e? Wha a e you doing he e? The du a ion o
ime can also be exp essed in e ms o he numbe and he numbe o objec s in a
kilmininku o galininku, e.g. mana z bù a daũk śenèśniś pα śeólika be ekku. (Zg) No
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
The Linguis ic Dic iona y o he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica (LDSU) de ines a language
as " he language o he people, he language o he land, he language o he land,
he language o he land, he language o he land, he language o he land, he
language o he land, he language o he land." li le- emembe ed hings a e said
[bški. àsu hea d·es kaipa sã·pna. (Ž lg)], and he empe a u e is measu ed by a e y
unexpec ed compa ison [lá.u Abou kapalk u. [Also known as kai[…]ká.[…] […].s
p[…]en(š) shi ùma (V š)]. The esponden s desc ibe he s a e o cons uc ion as
ollows: ip ag·dau kαi azg.d.s p ad·eu .u (Žg); D . Psa. K.I.M.A.S. (D.S.) This is he i s
ime I' e seen his. I is poe ically called he imp ession o indulgence [k žkełj
pa(s)sà a kiẽma. kαis o ·dα om αinuobažn·čes a ó·da òki kαibāga(ž) žò. be
su aúodā om a g i.e. u*j.deis (Ž su)] o abandonmen [ a ekú·dn bùz duk kk
aaliga/aaks lg g až (ž)]. I is said abou hose who li e in luxu y: gi. ẽ·na kαiame ikó·ns (Ž lg).
less han € 5 I'm going o go o he ba h oom. I'm going o go o he ba h oom. I'm
going o go o he ba h oom. [F om he a he ] (Žg). The e m is also used in
conjunc ion wi h he cons uc ion o he insc ip ion, e.g. *li u à ka susi · e pokà ù làbα bl.g b. a // Žaga iškiai uses he G eek wo d o compa ison as well, bu whe e e I ead i , e.g. da.mã·šina. a. I 's going o happen. I 's going o happen. I 's no . [sewing machine] (Zg); Gi e i o me. Tha 's i . Whoa. he ollowing able is added: I 's no like we' e going o be able o do i .
(g)]22 The ollowing A icle is inse ed:
The exp ession o speech. Responden s do no a oid a ious aes he ic, exp essi e o meaning ul
ph ases o he language. Fo example, in an a emp o su p ise he lis ene , o c ea e an e ec
s a e and o name a epea ed ac ion, he jagua chooses a numbe o a ian s, e.g. benz[…]nαi
b ã.ñgu.s è α[…] kàdà a a[…]úoj (Žg); The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s
in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he
applica ion o his Regula ion. I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e
alking abou . Joniški's speech abou Žaga , which is e y cha ac e is ic o Joniški's speech, is no
e y popula (Jšp 2001: 39[…] 40). Only one example is no ed in he eco ds: bú·dā a s úogu. he
s uogas p i aisas adas ebdá om (Žg) o Occasionally, some p e ix is used o emphasize he
peculia i y o he ac ion, e.g. om, wi h + o be, e.g. om, o be, o be, o be, o be, o be, o be, o
be, o be, o be, o be, o be, o be, o be, o be, o be, o be, o be, o be, o be, o be. he me ge . he
me ge . he me ge . he me ge . he me ge . he me ge . I 's a was e o money. he p i a isa ion
was ca ied ou by ižbù a opalé.ide sùz bedαùs [apie p i a iza ion] (Žg/); I 's coming om he o he
side o he wo ld. I'm no going anywhe e. Wha 's he ma e wi h you? I 's no like I don' know
wha I'm doing. I don' know wha I'm doing. Tha 's i . I 's called a koshe . I'm going o ell you wha I'm
going o do. I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o do. I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o do. This
Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal
o he Eu opean Union. In pu sui o an exp ession, he jagua s epea he same wo d o
p onounce i wi h he addi ion o a p e ix, e.g., kẽ·palus popẽ·u sùglaudα sùglaudā k ·u. I'm no su e i
I'm going o be able o make i . (Zg) No less han € 5 This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he
wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
egdha a kiẽk egdha a [paymen o he sum o he g ain] àle neb· op õ· a ceased o acmenu (Žg);
I'm no su e i I'm going o be able o do i , bu I'm going o be able o do i . Some imes a synonym is chosen o speci y he ac ion (o image) c ea ed, o cla i y i , in he ocabula y o compa isons o Sinolės šnek os ( ansi ional shnek os be ween Vidu inės (Vidžemės) and Augšžemės e minology) compiled by 22 La ian dialec ologis s, compa isons wi h kâ p edomina e, co esponding o lie . kai(p).
Read mo e. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion.

S aipsniai / A icles 87
Žaga ės šnek os sin aksinės ypa ybės
( emiamasi 1998–2003 me ų į ašais)
Fo example, [B aškes] has no ye been published. I 's no like I'm going o be able o
do i . I'm going o be able o do i . You' e going o die. he beginning o […]ó[…] i[…].u[…]
(Z ); I 's no like i 's going o mel . I 's no like i 's going o mel . I 's no like i 's going
o mel . I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o ell you. I'm going o ell you wha I'm
going o ell you. The Zago ians also adhe e o ce ain aes he ic no ms o he
language (i may be ha only when alking o a s ange ), e.g., dã· ká. e p de( )
u.kepaùku. you. […]bl[…]. he ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his Regula ion: A
man who is unable o show espec o ano he o o humble himsel is called a
žiẽ e [negali pabučiuo i kunigui ankos] (Žg). Responden ai pasakojimą nuspal-
ina i e o iniais klausimais, plg.: ku ù às ep / kαip‿sà a? [apie sa o da že
s o zhie : abou a ee ha has g own all (Žg); I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o
do. I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o do. Wha 's he ma e wi h you? (Zg) No u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils
Ta minė eksp esija apsk i ai nė a i a, be ji pasakojime a spindi esponden-
o kalbinės sa i aiškos išgales.
APENDRINAMOSIOS PASTABOS The spoken eco dings o Žaga ės šnek os a he
end o he 20 h cen u y and he beginning o he 21s cen u y, om 1998 o 2003,
a e no consis en ex s, because he eco de s in e up ed he au ho 's
na a i e by asking, so he syn ac ic phenomena desc ibed in he a icle do no
e lec he pe ec ion o he sys em. Ne e heless, i is possible o see some o
he syn ac ic ea u es o he Zaga ean syllable.
Mo phosyn ac ic phenomena o Jaga e's snail include he use o pe ec ionis s,
he use o he needle o he needle, he use o geidjiam deposi s and connec ions,
he use o alleged ac ions, compounds, a h oids. The syn ac ic cons uc ions
men ioned a e also somewha peculia , e.g. mo e equen pe icien o ms wi h
he pos e b ield(n), han ea h(n) [no o ake he ield(n) ou , le ea h(n) ou ]
o geijian sedimen a y hyme ac iona e lei and es ime in 3 pe sons, han lai + es.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s
Ki os mo osin aksinės ypa ybės y a būdingos Joniškio šnek oms, jų a ojimas
publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. language con ac s a e
suppo ed: simila cons uc ions exis in he La ian language. In he en ies o
Zaga e's ske ches, i.e. in he discou se, as one migh ha e expec ed, he e a e
peculia cases o he subjec and he objec , o a ious ci cums ances (place,
ime, manne , eason). The syn ac ically men ioned pa s o he sen ence a e
exp essed by a ious unny o pleasan cons uc ions. The mos commonly used
su names a e bene icia y o bene icia y wi h p e e ence league o bene icia y
and p e e ence abou , o, acco ding o, by, h ough, a e , o cons uc ion. How
a e is he su name Kilminko o Kilminko wi h he p e ixes on, because, league, p i,
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
88 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII
p idu iamąsias kons ukcijas i gan(a), i iskas. Vien isinius sakinius papildo
be ween he conjunc ions. Sa i a's p e e ence o he cons uc ions o he
winne wi h p e e ences a e , wi h, sulig. Zago ski uses he singula pa s o he
sen ence wi h he a ached conjunc ions a( ), i( ). The same connec o s also
connec compound connec ing sen ences. The adjec i es a e usually a ached o
he Li huanian language wi h he cha ac e is ic conjunc ion ka(d). F om o he
men ioned conjunc i e wo ds when, wha , how much, wha , whe e. In addi ion o he e b, he noun, he place, he ime, and so on, he ci cums ance o he seconda y e bs, he seconda y e bs o he supplemen p e ail in he in e media e en ies.
The exp ession ange o he Zaga ean syllable wi h ph ases and s able wo d
combina ions, as wi h each syllable, is qui e speci ic, e lec ing he na u al
expe ience, in elligence, in elligence and linguis ic c ea i i y o he esponden s.
O he 21 adi ional slang ph ases discussed, 15 a e peculia and do no i in o
he ocabula y o ph aseology. As a esul , 71.4% o he ph ases a e used only in
slang. The combina ion o he wo ds "s able" and "common" in Gaussian ( he e
a e e en 39 o hem) also indica es he i ali y o he snake. Household i ems,
bi ds, animals, e c. a e used as a basis o compa ison o compa isons wi h he
compa able kai(p). Ano he syn ac ic exp ession is based on he change o
numbe o gende , he epe i ion o wo ds, he sea ch o synonyms. The na u al
syn ac ic hy hm o med o e he cen u ies p o ides he indi idual wi h
eedom o exp ession. I is no o no hing ha we alk abou he e bal
Li huanian li e a y c ea o s Ma ių Ka iliškį (Albiną Vai kų), Juozą Žlabį-Žengę, who o igina ed om he Zaga e dis ic .
Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc .
D […] The Daugh e s
LKI GCTA […] A chi es o he Geolinguis ic Cen e o he Li huanian
Language Ins i u e
The V š […] Ve šiai
V č […]
Vy aučiai Žg […] Žaga ė (Spanish p onuncia ion)
Ž – Žiu iai
Ž lg – Ž elgaičiai
LITERATŪRA
FŽ – F azeologijos žodynas, engė I. E many ė, O. Kažukauskai ė, G. Nak inienė,
J. Paulauskas, Z. Šimėnai ė, A. Vilu y ė, edaga o J. Paulauskas, Vilnius: Lie u ių kal-
bos ins i u as, 2001.
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( emiamasi 1998–2003 me ų į ašais)
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JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
90 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXXII
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A icles by A icles 91
Žaga ės šnek os sin aksinės ypa ybės
( emiamasi 1998–2003 me ų į ašais)
Syn ac ic Peculia i ies o Žaga ė Local Dialec
(Based on he Reco ds o 1998–2003)
Summa y
The hi d a icle dedica ed o Žaga ė local dialec discusses i s mo phosyn ac ic and syn ac ic
peculia i ies. The o he a icles published in his jou nal es ablished he bounda ies o Zaga e
local dialec (Š amba y ė-Valužienė 135 […] 148) and desc ibed he peculia i ies o mo phology and
wo d- o ma ion: a en ion was also paid o he peculia p ope ies o ocabula y
(Š amba y ė-Valužienė 2019: 109145). The s udy add essing he syn ax o he Zaga e local dialec
was conduc ed on he basis o he dialec al eco ds da ing o he end o he 20 h cen u y and he
beginning o he 21s cen u y, which we e made du ing he pe iod 1998-2003 in Zaga e and i s
su oundings. The mo phosyn ac ic phenomena ound in he Zaga e local dialec include
pe icien i e (no o ake ou , le he land ou ), he exp ession o necessi y o pu pose ( ogue
ho ns need o be eaped), he use o he op a i e mood (lei ein (a) 'may he go'; "I can' " is a
subjunc i e ha exp esses an imagined ac ion. The abo e peculia i ies o he dialec a e o a
ce ain ex en o iginal and also cha ac e is ic o o he local dialec s o Joniškis. Thei usage is
nepaguldo į ligoninę ‘I am a aid ha I may be pu o hospi alʼ) and a h oid (demons a i e
suppo ed by language con ac s: simila cons uc ions can also be ound in La ian. As migh be
expec ed, he eco ds o he local dialec o Zago a, i.e., discou se, demons a e he o iginal
cases o exp ession o he subjec , he objec , and a ious ad e bial modi ie s (place, ime,
manne , cause). Syn ac ically, he abo e-men ioned pa s o he sen ence a e exp essed by
a ious cases o p eposi ional cons uc ions. The nominal da i e, o he da i e wi h he
p eposi ion ligu, o he accusa i e, and he p eposi ional cons uc ions abou , in o, acco ding o,
h ough, h ough, h ough, p o, a e mos commonly used. The nominal geni i e o he combina ions
o he geni i e and he p eposi ions an, because, league, p i, and be ween a e sligh ly less common.
Peculia p eposi ional ins umen al cons uc ions wi h he p eposi ions po, su, sulig a e used. The
speake s o Žaga ė local dialec also use dangling cons uc ions (i gan(a), and all). Simple
sen ences a e supplemen ed wi h he homogeneous pa s o he sen ence linked by he
conjunc ions a( ), i( ). The same conjunc ions a e also used in case o coo dina e sen ences.
Subo dina e sen ences a e usually linked by he ypical Li huanian conjunc ion ka(d). O he
subo dina o s a e when, wha , how much, wha , whe e. Subo dina e objec clauses p e ail;
Subjec and a ibu e clauses, as well as subo dina e clauses o place, ime, e c., a e sligh ly less
common.
Like in e e y o he dialec , he exp essi e con en o he Žaga ė local dialec mani es ing
i sel h ough ph aseological uni s and s able wo d ph ases is a he o iginal as i e lec s
he capaci ies o he esponden s' na u al expe ience, wi , unde s anding and linguis ic
c ea ion (už auk i as in o maišą ‘no allow, p ohibi , as maišą p a ijus ‘ o eel unheal hy,

JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
92 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII
e c.). Conce ning he adi ional ph aseological uni s used in he dialec , 21 o which we e
15 a e o iginal and no ound in he Ph aseological Dic iona y. I means ha as many as 71.4% o
he ph aseological uni s a e used by he speake s o Zago a dialec only. The high numbe o
s able wo d ph ases (as many as hi y-nine we e discussed), which a e subdi ided in o
indi idual and gene al, also shows he iabili y o he dialec . Compa isons made wi h
compa a i e kai (p), household i ems, bi ds, animals, e c. se e as he basis o compa ison.
Ano he ype o syn ac ic exp ession is based on he shi o numbe o gende , he
epe i ion o wo ds, he sea ch o synonyms. The dialec 's inhe en syn ac ic exp ession
o med h ough cen u ies p o ides an indi idual wi h he eedom o o igina ing in he
sel -exp ession. I is no wi hou eason ha people speak abou he eloquen au ho s o
Li huanian li e a u e Ma ius Ka iliškis (Albinas Vai kus) and Juozas Žlabys-Žengė, who
en i ons o Žaga ė.
Deli e ed on 17 Decembe 2019
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he
day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.