S aipsniai / A icles 145
DANUTĖ VALENTUKEVIČIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Resea ch a eas include dialec ology and geolinguis ics.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The ad an ages o ha dening
I'm no going o lie o you.
In he case o APYLINK
The Dynamics o Depala aliza ion
in Ma cinkonys En i ons
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle examines he phone ic cha ac e is ic o sou he n highlands - he ha dening o he
owels. The aim o he s udy is o discuss he pollina ion o sou he n highland g asslands in he
Ma cinkoni a ea du ing obse a ion ime. The geolinguis ic pe spec i e, which is associa ed wi h
he concep o dynamic space, is used o analyze he si ua ion o he ha dening o he
h ee-cen u y-old balances. The a icle p esen s an analysis o he ha dening o he oices, based
on wo laye s o speech ma e ial: he sound eco dings and handw i en ex s o he 20 h cen u y
p ese ed in he a chi es o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e's Speech A chi es, he au ho o
he a icle eco ded h ee imes he sound ma e ial om he Ma cinkoni dis ic . The s udy
desc ibes he co ela ion (o lack he eo ) be ween so and ha d s imuli ha p e ails in
h ee-dimensional language; explain he easons ha de e mine he dynamics o his phenomenon.
I was es ablished ha a he beginning o he 21s cen u y, he land a ea o he
Ma cinkoni dis ic has changed. The esul s ob ained show a ai ly g adual
weakening o he ha dening o he ibs. These a e he wo ds: he sup eme ad ice o
he sou h, he ha dening o he balcony, he sign o he ongue, he ime o obse a ion.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle analyzes depala aliza ion as a dis inguishing phone ic ea u e o Sou he n
Aukš ai ian. The aim o he esea ch is o discuss he endencies o de-pala aliza ion which
can be obse ed in he subdialec o Sou he n Augus ian in he en i ons o Ma cinkon.
DANUTĖ VALENTUKEVIČIENĖ
146 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII by aking an appa en - ime app oach. The s udy
add essing he si ua ion o depala iza ion is based on he geolinguis ic pe spec i e, which is
linked o he concep o dynamic space. The a icle p esen s he analysis o de-Pala iza ion on
he basis o wo laye s o dialec al da a: he sound eco dings and manusc ip ex s om he
1960s kep a he Dialec A chi e, made by he au ho o he a icle in he en i ons o
o he Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language and he sound eco dings o h ee gene a ions
Ma cinkonys. The s udy desc ibes wha co ela ion o pala alized and non-pala alized
consonan s (o i s absence) p e ails in he language o h ee gene a ions. he easons
de e mining he dynamics o his phenomenon a e explained.
I has been es ablished ha a he beginning o he 21s cen u y, he dialec al a ea o he
su ounding a ea o Ma cinkonys shows ce ain changes. The indings e eal a a he
consis en and g adual weakening o depala aliza ion.
KEYWORDS: Sou he n Highland subdialec , depala aliza ion, dialec al ea u e,
appa en ime. This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his.
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
The widesp ead ha dening o he soils in he sou he n highlands […] he u ning o he soils in o ha d
ones […] has long domina ed he language. In he se en ies, he au ho s o he new Li huanian
language classi ica ion, Aleksas Gi denis and Zigmas Zinke ičius, did no di ide he sou he n highland
dialec s in de ail, bu ecognized he dispa i y in he a ea o he dialec acco ding o he isophones
o dzūka and p obalsi ha dening (Gi denis, Zinke ičius 1966: XX 139 […] 147) 1. The sou he n pa o he
sou he n highlands sou h o he Rudaminõs-Sei jų-Me knės-Ma cinkoni line is conside ed o be he
a ea o he mos in ensi e ha dening o he slopes (see Fig. 1). In he wo ks o adi ional
dialec ology, i is s a ed ha he p e ix [lj], [sj], and he p e ix [ ], [], [], [], [], [] ha e no so
co ela es in his a ea (Zinke ičius: 158170; Lkai , 384385; LKA II 101105, map. no. 8587; plg. Leskausė: 2006
35; 2009: 3436). This classi ica ion, based only on phone ic (mainly ocalizing and chi ping) di e ences
and commonali ies o he ones, was c i ically e alua ed by An anas Salys. Acco ding o him, he
ha dening o he isophones is no indica ed on he classi ica ion map o soils (Salys 1992: 296). A. Salys
did no ex ensi ely examine he ha dening o he balsa in he e ening, only no ed ha he ha dening
o he shells in he e ening bo de s he caps in he no h (Salys 1992: 132).
A icles o he 147 h
P iebalsių kie inimo dinamika Ma cinkonių apylinkėse
1 PAV. O he The mo e dense o he balls i, y (į) is he junc ion a e he ha d-hi ing
balls , š, ž, č, dž (in he wes e n pa o he middle and a e c, dz (plg. LKA II, map No.
41) ma ked wi h a aškine line2. Landscape om LKTCh
In he scien i ic li e a u e, he ha dening o owels is desc ibed mainly by he me hods o adi ional
dialec ology, indica ing he o igin o his phenomenon, he a ea o p e alence, he in en o y o ha d
owels, in wha posi ions […] be o e he owels o he on o back ow […] he owels a e ha dened,
how he owels ha ollow hem a e changed; 38 iciu ė 1970: 75[…]86; 1970: 61[…]65; 1971: 55[…]70; 1974: 80[…];
(Buch 1966: 33–36; Zinke ičius 1966: 158–170; 2006: 142–146; LKT 1970:
1978: 73 […] 77; LChKT 2004: 142; Zinke 2006: 74[…]. Such a s a ic and almos unchanging desc ip ion o he
phenomenon p e ailed in adi ional dialec ics un il he end o he wen ie h cen u y, and in some
cases e en longe . 2 The ocal isophones ma ked on he map a e no ele an o he a ea unde
in es iga ion and a e he e o e no conside ed. 3 Resul s o he s udy o expe imen al phone ics.
Elzbie a Mikalauskai ė (1975), acous ic cha ac e is ics […] Ry is Amb aze ičius, As a Leskauskai ė
(2014), has s udied he a icula ion o high-pi ched loudspeake s acco ding o pala og ams.
DANUTĖ VALENTUKEVIČIENĖ
148 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII (English ansla ion by he Li huanian au ho i ies)
A b oade ange o esea ch oppo uni ies o dialec ologis s opened up wi h
he es ablishmen o he geolinguis ic di ec ion in Li huania, when he pa a mė
began o be iewed no as a local and closed phonological sys em, a limi ed a ie y
o isoglosses, bu as a con inuum o a ce ain kind, cons an ly in luenced by
a ious phenomena o con e gence and di e gence (Aliūdienė, Mikulienė, 2014: 39;
Mikulė, 2011: 12). Geolinguis ics is he s udy o he a iabili y o he language o a
gi en language, bo h in he pas and in he p esen . Thus, by being synch onous,
such s udies also acqui e a diach onic pe spec i e.
In addi ion o he abo e, he e a e also a numbe o o he examples o he use
o he e m "symbolic" in he con ex o he de elopmen o he e m
"symbolic" (e.g. he "symbolic" o he e m "symbolic" in he a icle "symbolic"
in he a icle "symbolic" in he a icle "symbolic" in he a icle "symbolic" in he
a icle "symbolic" in he a icle "symbolic" in he a icle "symbolic" in he
a icle "symbolic" in he a icle "symbolic" in he a icle "symbolic"). This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
23–24; 2021: 55–57).
Thus, he pu pose o his a icle is o discuss he o i ica ion o he sou he n
highlands in he Ma cinkon a ea du ing he obse a ion pe iod. To achie e his,
he ask is o desc ibe he co ela ion (o lack he eo ) be ween so and ha d
s imuli in h ee-dimensional language. 2) o explain he easons ha de e mine
he dynamics o he ha dening o he ballo s.
A non-homogeneous sou he n highland a ea was selec ed o he s udy, i.e. Ma cinkoni[…] (697),
Da žėlių (696), Kabėlių (704) Li huanian language a las (www.lka.uk) is published by Leskauskai ė in
ai5, ku ie adicinėje dialek ologijoje ski iami Ma cinkoni i Kabẽlių šnek oms
2009. The geolinguis ic pe spec i e, which is p ima ily associa ed wi h he concep o dynamic
space, is used o analyze he si ua ion o he ha dening o he h ee-cen u y-old balances. The
dynamic p o ision de e mines he inclusion o bo h cul u al and social ac o s in ansla ion
esea ch (Aliūkai ė 2013: 5). esea ched and consolida ed he obse a ional ime me hod as he
4 1966 m. Williamas Labo as panaudojo aki aizdžius laiko ski umus Niujo ko ga sų pokyčiams
main esea ch ool o a iance. Acco ding o W. Labo 's heo y o language a ia ion and change,
he di e ences be ween di e en ages o in o man s e eal changes in language ha occu in
appa en ime: olde in o man s ma k he pas , younge ones ma k he p esen s age o
language change. Fo mo e in o ma ion on obse a ion ime, see In he case o he Uni ed
Kingdom, he Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he
meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. 85–94). The illages o Ze ýn and Mánčiagi ė a e
5 Lie u ių kalbos a laso punk u laikoma konk e i gy enamoji ie o ė i jam geog a iniu i kalbiniu
požiū iu a imiausios gy en ie ės, nu olusios 10–12 km a s umu (Mikulėnienė, Čepai ienė 2021:
included in he Ma cinkoni poin unde conside a ion o his a icle; he pe iphe y o he
Da žėlių poin […] Kapinškiai, Má gionys, G ybaulià; o he poin o he hoo es […]
The Ashan ians, he Mus eikans, he Da jinlans.
A icles by A icles 149
P iebalsių kie inimo dinamika Ma cinkonių apylinkėse
Wi h ega d o he linguis ic a ea o he Ma cinkon a ea, i is impo an o no e
ha he mos impo an sou he n highland phone ic cha ac e is ics ha e been
main ained a he poin s o s udy: nasal owels [ɑː], [æː] na owing, double owels
[m], [ɑm] [n], [ɑm], [æm], [ɛn], [dzɑm] main aining, k ūka, he igh ening o owels and so
on (see LKT 76 Ch 85; Zinke ičius 2006: 137149; Leskauskai ė 2006: 2940). The a ea o he
Ma cinkoni dis ic can be di e en ia ed in mo e de ail on he basis o wo
e minological ea u es: he mix u e o owels [eː], [oː] and [eː], [ɔː] and owels
[sj], [s], [zj], [z] and [j], [], [j], []. The mos commonly men ioned a e Da žėlių (696) and
Ma cinkoni (697) poin s, while Kabliuose (704) a e open [eː], [ imesː], close o he
sou hwes e n sou he n idge pla eau (see Ma ke ičienė 1999: 2728; 2010: 51;
Leskauskai ė 2004: 5657; 2009: 30 ičienė 2010: 4950; Ma ke Valen uke ičienė 2019: 56)6.
31). P iebalsių [sʲ], [s], [zʲ], [z] i [ʃʲ], [ʂ], [ʒʲ], [ʐ] mišimas y a būdingas Kabẽlių
(704) punk ui (Zinke ičius 1966: 147–148; LKTCh 38; Leskauskai ė 2009: 30;
The s udy ma e ial consis s o :
1) The ansla ion ma e ial o he 20 h cen u y, 6 h-7 h cen u y, s o ed in he Ta my A chi e
o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e Geolinguis ics Cen e (GCTA) is: audio eco dings om
Ma cinkoni (697) and Kabėlių (CD 17 PA 7, eco ding 08201704; CD 21 PA 9, eco ding 3869 (707,
eco ding du a ion […] 31 min 2 s.), handw i en ma e ial om eg. No. 821) and Kabėlių (704,
Ma cinkoni (697, GCTA R, sąs. eg. N . 839), Da žẽlių (696, GCTA R, sąs.
GCTA R, c . eg. No. 840)7; 2) in 2019 […] 2022 he au ho o he a icle om he in es iga i e
poin s eco ded 28 hou s 16 minu es o audio ma e ial o 28 in o man s using a
semi-s uc u ed in e iew me hod: 13 […] he oldes , 5 […] he middle and 10 […] he younges
gene a ion8. Almos all pa icipan s in he senio gene a ion su ey mee he NORM c i e ia:
ha e acqui ed p ima y o seconda y educa ion, li e in a household and do no ha e he
oppo uni y o change hei li ing en i onmen equen ly. Many o hem wo ked in
ag icul u e, o es y o se ices ha did no equi e ac i e communica ion. The a e age
age o he wo king-age popula ion in he Uni ed S a es, as measu ed by he numbe o yea s
o p ima y and seconda y educa ion, is be ween he ages o 18 and 65 yea s, acco ding o he
Na ional Ins i u e on Aging (NIA) and he Na ional Ins i u e on Aging (NIA). The mix u e o he
ibs is also eco ded a he poin o Skle y (703). The e a e ew sound eco dings om he
six een h and se en h decades o he wen ie h cen u y om he poin s o Ma cinkoni (697)
and Kabẽlių (704). Thei du a ion anges om 2 minu es o 10 minu es.
The e a e no many sound eco dings om Ma cinkoni (697) and Kabẽlių (704) poin s om he
6 h-7 h decades o he 20 h cen u y. Thei du a ion anges om 2 minu es o 10 minu es.
In quan i a i e sociolinguis ic su eys, he ideal is when he sample is close o 30 in o man s
(Mil oy, Go don 2003: 164).
The seconda y educa ion was acqui ed by he in o man s while hey we e al eady adul s in a Wes e n school.

DANUTĖ VALENTUKEVIČIENĖ
150 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII
paslaugų s i yje. Ty ime daly a ęs jaunimas – gimnazijų mokiniai i s uden ai
and a ew wo ke s a e he mos mobile g oup, mee ing hei cul u al, social
and economic needs beyond he bounda ies o he household. One LENTEL.
The du a ion o he eco ding (28 hou s 16 minu es) No. In o man code Yea
o bi h Educa ion Du a ion o he eco ding 1. 697 M c3M 1938 S a ing a
one o'clock hi y- wo minu es. 697M c3-1M 1940 S a ing a one o'clock and
wen y- i e minu es 696D ž3M 1936 The i s one a 1:36 minu es 6.
3. 697M c3-2M 1942 Vidu inis 1 al. 16 min
4. 697M c3-3M 1937 P adinis 34 min.
696D ž3-1M 1938 The i s one a 1:01 a.m. 696D ž3-2M 1938 S a ing a one
o'clock eigh 6363 - M. M. V. and M. V. 1 hou and 1 minu e.
9.6D ž3V 1942 The main
10.6D ž3-1V 1938 The i s one a 1:02
a.m. The K-POP song is "P eda o " and i 's 1:32 AM.
1240Kb3V 1942 The i s
13 h and 14 h, B.C. (Midnigh ) 36 h and 14 h.
697 M c2M 1975 The Middle One a 1: 19:15 697
M c2-1M 1978 The main one a 1:10 a.m. 697
M c2-2M 1973 The Middle One a 1:20 in he
a e noon. 7 h and 8 h, 1973 - Highs and
Lows, 36 mins, 18 mins. 7 h and 8 h, 1972 (Wednesday) 1 hou and 19 minu es
19.7M c1M 2004 Middle o he oad
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he
wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s
publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he
Eu opean Union. 697 M c1-2M 2004 The main
24. 704Kb1M 2003 Vidu inis 1 al. 3 min.
one a 10 p.m. 697M c1V 2003 The middle o
he day a 1:23 a.m. 696D ž1M 2002 The Middle
One a one o'clock i e minu es wen y- i e
724KB2M4 is he main one a 1:26 a.m. The 1995 K-POP hi "Summe ime" was a 40 min. hi . The 704Kb1-1V 2004 is he main one a 1:28 a.m. 0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x
A icles by A icles 151
P iebalsių kie inimo dinamika Ma cinkonių apylinkėse
The in o man s a e coded by LKA poin numbe and abb e ia ion o he name, he
age o he in o man (1 indica es he younge gene a ion be ween 18 and 30 yea s
old, 2 […] he middle gene a ion be ween 31 and 50 yea s old, 3 […] he senio
gene a ion) and he gende (M […] woman, V […] man). Fo example, he younge
gene a ion in o man om Ma cinkoni is ma ked 697M c1V. I he e a e mo e
han one in o man o he same age g oup, an addi ional numbe is w i en a e
he sho es le e , e.g. 697M c1V-1 (see able 1). In o de o unde s and he
pa e ns o h ee- old ha dening o he ocal co ds, a 30-minu e spon aneous
speech sequence was selec ed om each o he in o man 's audio eco dings and
cases wi h (un) ha dening o he ocal co ds we e consis en ly spelled ou , he
esul s o which we e isualized. Examples o manusc ip ex s a e p o ided in
he a icle Au hen ic spelling, 21s cen u y ma e ial […] In e na ional phone ic
abcėle (TFA) (see Bakšienė 2018: 10[…]20; 2022: 165[…]183). We use he me hods o obse a ion and analysis o he empi ical ma e ial desc ibed in he s udy.
1. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed:
Social and linguis ic se ices
The poin s o Ti amojo plo o Ma cinkoni (697), Da žėlių (696), Kabėlių (704) a e in
he sou he n pa o Li huania, bo de ing Bal a ūsija. F om 1920 o 1939, he
dis ic o Ma cinkon belonged o he Vilnius egion uled by Lening ad, and om 1939 o
1940 o he Bal a usians.
XX a. In he icini y o Ma cinkon, besides he dominan Li huanians, he e we e
also Russians (mos ly Ma cinkonysè), Poles, Bulga ians, Uk ainians10. In addi ion
o Li huanian, Polish and Russian languages we e also used in public spaces un il
he end o he 20 h cen u y, so phone ic in e e ence inc eased due o language in e ac ion (plg.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
On he o he hand, wi h he in oduc ion o he Li huanian common language in public li e, he
p es ige o he sou he n high schools, like ha o o he Li huanian-language schools, dec eased and
was diminished, because he main a en ion was di e ed o he common language. Child en om
Sla ic amilies wen o Li huanian schools and success ully adap ed o he dominan language
i neišmoko. Lenkai i bal a usiai, sukū ę šeimas su lie u iais, namuose bend a o lie u iškai (plg.
en i onmen . The language o p es ige is used by people wi h excep ional social powe (Mil oy 2001:
549). "P es ige can be open when posi i e language disposi ions and language beha iou a e decla ed"
(Holmes, 2001: 345). The concep o hidden p es ige encompasses he posi i e e alua ion o publicly
un ecognized language codes and openly (especially o s ange s) undecla ed posi i e p o isions (see
T udgill 1979: 9; Kalėdienė 2013: 137; Holmes 2001: 345; Ramonienė 2006: 145).
DANUTĖ VALENTUKEVIČIENĖ
152 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXXVIII
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in
he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The mos p ominen ea u es o he
sou he n highland die d ying and ha dening o he ibs became unp es ige. The
inhabi an s o he Ma cinkon a ea, like o he sou he n highlande s, speak wi h
un amilia cha ac e is ics o his language (see Mikalauskai ė 1975: 94;
Leskauskai ė 2009: 38)12. The decline in he p es ige o he language has also been
in luenced by he de e io a ing in as uc u e, he changing demog aphic,
je, be i už jo ibų13. Sma kiai suin ensy ėjęs gy en ojų mobilumas y a ie-
socioeconomic and cul u al condi ions ha ha e led o he social connec ions
and mobili y o he popula ion, no only wi hin he e i o y, bu also among he
main ac o s ha de e mine he equency o he use o he common language
bo h by indi iduals and in linguis ic communi ies (e.g. Chambe s, 2002: 117;
Meiliuneni ė, 2014: 126; Monka, 2016: 98). Based on sociolinguis ic da a, i can be
a gued ha he le el o isola ion in he Ma cinkoni dis ic is low […] open social
ne wo ks p e ail, in which indi iduals a e connec ed by weak ne wo ks and a e open o inno a ion and linguis ic change (see Kalėdienė 2013: 148).
2. The p e e ed p ison si ua ion
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The second hal
The ansla ion si ua ion o he se en h decade o he wen ie h cen u y is
e ealed by he non-sa e sound eco dings and manusc ip ex s in he Ta mių
a chi es o he Geolinguis ics Cen e o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e.
Analysis o he in e media e ma e ial shows ha he a ea unde in es iga ion
con ained s ongly p onounced [l], [ ], [s], [], [], [], [], [], [], [p], [b], [m], [ʋ] consonan s (see able 2).
F om he manusc ip s, i can be seen ha he collec o s o he o al ma e ial also eco ded he al e ed
owels o he p eceding lines, ollowing he ha d owels. In he ansc ibed ex s o he poin s Da žėlių
(696) and Kabėlių (704) in special on s, a en ion was d awn o he consonan s o he ype [ı] a e he
ha d [ ], [], [], [], [], [] in he ansc ibed ex s o he poin s ma ked Žane a U bana ičiū ė-Ma ke ičienė
(sąs 12 Sou h uppe classes. Eigh een yea s old. And i he e's a younge one le , he'll go o Vilnius o he
ci y and he won' speak he language o he jungle. And i 's unnecessa y, bu because o he b oken
adi ion o passing on he language, i al eady needs o be lea ned. 13 Ma cinkoni seniūnija is conside ed
o be a long- e m depopula ion zone wi h poo in as uc u e. The e we e no gene al educa ion schools,
heal hca e and o he ins i u ions, jobs in he en i e senio popula ion.
(M c697M c3-2M). Jaunesnioji ka a laikosi nuos a os, kad a mė y a įdomi, e inga, saugo ina,
A icles by A icles 153
P iebalsių kie inimo dinamika Ma cinkonių apylinkėse
he eg. No. 821; see also This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he
wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. O he ac -checke s p o ided only indi idual examples (Leskauskai ė 2009: 35).
Two slowly. The in en o y o ha d p oo s in manusc ip ex s14
The ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y:
sub amily Eupho biaceae; La ge-bodied mammals o
La ge-bodied mammals o he sub amily
he sub amily Eupho biaceae; La ge-bodied mammals
Eupho biaceae; La ge-bodied mammals o he
o he sub amily Eupho biaceae; La ge-bodied
mammals o he sub amily Eupho biaceae;
ac, kc, sù ыna sug ù o, ka úominė, ne u ù
s sanà, sm
La ge-bodied mammals o he sub amily
Eupho biaceae.
dz padzáuna mdzo, sodzùs, dzidzùlei
As can be seen om he able, he sys em o consonan s a ound Ma cinkon
does no show a ha monious co ela ion be ween ha d and so consonan s,
because he consonan s [ ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [],
[], [], [], []. I is said ha no only a e owels men ioned, bu also [l], [s],
spo adically (only in some wo ds) and [p], [b], [m], [ʋ]. XX. T ansla ional changes
in he manusc ip ma e ial and audio eco dings o he second hal o he
eikiama i minkš ųjų [ʒʲ], [ʃʲ], [ʧʲ], [ ʲ] p iebalsių a ojimo a ejų, p z.: ežmo,
nùnešė, incip ã·šė, p·o (M c), ažæ  (D ž), eke (Kb), ku ie jau odė p asidėju-
GCTA.
14 The manusc ip ex s a e w i en in a simpli ied, ab idged ansc ip ion, p esen ing he mos impo an
ea u es o he ad ice. Howe e , some phone ic a ian s, especially he mo e sub le ones, a e no
e lec ed in he ex s, and he phone ic cha ac e is ics o he esea ch poin s luc ua e. Fo his eason,
he ansla ion ma e ial in he a icle is no ansc ibed by TFA. Fo mo e in o ma ion on he abb e ia ed simpli ied ansc ip ion, see Bace ičiū ė in he yea 2010:
5–14.
DANUTĖ VALENTUKEVIČIENĖ
160 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXXVIII
The ollowing conclusions can be d awn om he e alua ion o he ha dening
polynomials o h ee imes he esis ance. In he second hal o he wen ie h
cen u y, he ha dening o he bo de s in he Ma cinkon egion was pa icula ly
i id in he speech o he olde gene a ion. Analysis o he e minology a he
beginning o he 21s cen u y shows ha he si ua ion o his phenomenon has
al eady changed. The owels [ ], [], [] and [], [], [], [], which p e iously lacked so
co ela es, a e now expe iencing he g ea es damage o all h ee-le e wo ds.
So a ian s a e o en changed in he spoken language when he accen is aised
o [ ], [], []. In addi ion o dzūka imui, ha d [], [] a ika os a e also used less
equen ly. Thei i ali y is co ela ed wi h he main enance o jumping as a
phenomenon. Only he mos p ominen le e s, cha ac e is ic o [s], [], [], [p], [b],
[m], [ʋ] a e d awn om he owel. The une en in en o y o in o man s' ha dness
a ios and he endency o he a ios o ha den indica e ha he ha dening o
he a ios dec eases s eadily wi h he change in he sou he n high-al i ude ad ice
and he o ma ion o new in e media e de i a i es. Cases o he ha dening o
indi idual owels in he spoken language should no be ega ded as spoken signs, bu as spoken ma ke s.
LITERATURA and yellow
Au ho ed by Alyoka Dai a, Ho izon al and Ve ical Di e ences in Speech Con inui y:
Va ia ions o he 21s Cen u y Speech om he Poin o View o a Simple In e p e e .
[…] Taikomoji is spoken by 2, 1[…]27. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Alyuki e Dai a, Mikulė Danguolė 2014: Geolinguis ics: ideology, heo y and me hods. He is
also he au ho o he book Geolinguis ics: Ideology, Theo y and Me hods. The basic
concep s. […] Geolinguis ic and sociolinguis ic s udy o Li huanian languages a he
beginning o he 21s cen u y (land maps and hei commen s), D. Mikulėnienė, V. Meiliūnai ė, Vilnius: B iedis, 29[…]47.
Amb aze ičius Ry is, Leskauskai ė As a 2014: The acous ic p ope ies o he
p ebalsi: pala aliza ion and balsing, Kaunas: Technology. Rima Bace ičiū ė 2010:
P esen a ion o phone ic ea u es in Li huanian dic iona ies. This Regula ion
shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Guy Bailey, Wikle Tom, Tille y Jan, Sand Lo i 1991: The appa en ime cons uc .
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o he peculia i ies o sou he n highlands. Vā ds and aspec s o such esea ch
22 (12), 1020. This is a lis o ai po s in Es onia, so ed by loca ion.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.

S aipsniai / A icles 161
P iebalsių kie inimo dinamika Ma cinkonių apylinkėse
Bakšienė Rima 2022: Da ka ą dėl aukš aičių pa a mių ansk ipcijos a p au i-
he spelling o he phone ic alphabe (some cases o be co ec ed). […] Ac o Linguis ics
Li huanian 86, 165 […] 183.
Tama a Buch 1966: Munda liche En pala alisie ungse scheinungen im Li auischen.
She is also a membe o he boa d o di ec o s o he Li huanian Academy o
Sciences. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Jack K. Chambe s 2002: Dynamics o dialec con e gence. He is he au ho o he book. […] The jou nal o
Sociolinguis ics 6, 117 and 130.
GCTA R – Lie u ių kalbos ins i u o Geoling is ikos cen o Ta mių a chy o ank aš ynas,
1964–1965.
Ge dis, Zinkė ičius, Zygmas (1966): "The classi ica ion o he dialec s o
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G umadienė Laima 1988: Sociolinguis ic s udy o he Li huanian language in Vilnius:
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This a icle is pa o ou special co e age A ica and he Middle Eas : A ica and he
342–361.
Middle Eas in he con ex o he Uni ed Na ions Gene al Assembly (UNGA) Gene al
Assembly (UNGA) Gene al Assembly (GA) Gene al Assembly (GA) Gene al Assembly (GA)
Gene al Assembly (GA) Gene al Assembly (GA) Gene al Assembly (GA). Popula ion ageing
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Dialec ology 5, 45 o 64.
Kalėdienė Laima 2011: Geolinguis ic esea ch condi ions in Li huania. Theses o epo s o he
in e na ional scien i ic con e ence "Sociolinguis ic dialec ology: esea ch on he Bal ic
dialec s", Kaunas, Oc obe 21-22, 2011: Facul y o Vilnius Uni e si y Kaunas. I is a ailable on he
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Ci ies and languages II: Sociolinguis ic map o Li huania, Vilnius: Uni e si y o Vilnius, 125 […] 151.
Kalėdienė Laima 2015: The language o he ci y o Vilnius: he hypo hesis o obse ed ime. […]
Ta mės […] Vilnius: Mykolo Rome io Uni e si y, 211[…]244, which is loca ed in he ci y o Vilnius.
Eu opos au ų kul ū os pa eldas = Dialec s – Cul u al He i age o Eu opean Na ions,
William Labo (1972) Sociolinguis ic Pa e ns, Philadelphia: Uni e si y o Pennsyl ania He is a
membe o he boa d o di ec o s o he Ame ican Academy o A s and Sciences.
The p ess.
Leskauskai ė As a 2004: Cha ac e is ics o he ocal and p ose o he Sou h Highlands, Vilnius:
Li huanian language ins i u e publishing house.
DANUTĖ VALENTUKEVIČIENĖ
162 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXXVIII
In 2006, he was awa ded he p es igious Nobel P ize in Li e a u e o his wo k on
he ex o he Kuciunas K aš o Šnek os, published by he Li huanian Language Ins i u e in Vilnius.
In 2009 he published a book en i led "Ma cinkonų šnek os eks ai" (Tex o he
Ma cinų šnek os), which was published by he Li huanian Language Ins i u e in Vilnius.
Leskauskai ė As a 2016: Sei ijų šnek os eks ai, Vilnius: Li huanian Language
Ins i u e. I is also known as he Li huanian Language Ins i u e. The Linguis ic
Landscape o he Highlands o he No he n Sou h in he 20 h and ea ly 20 h
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Mo ozo a, Vilnius: Li huanian language ins i u e, 26 […] 43. The ex o Leskauskai ė
As a 2018a: The ex s o he Leipaling dis ic , Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e.
The ollowing is a ansc ip o a speech deli e ed a he Vilnius-based
Li huanian Language Ins i u e's (LITI) Vilnius 2020 Semina :
The ollowing is a ansc ip o a speech deli e ed by he Polish-Li huanian
Language Ins i u e in Vilnius, Li huania.
LKA II […] A las o he Li huanian language, olume 2: Phone ics, answe . ed. K. Mo kūnas,
1982.
Vilnius: Mokslas, LKT […] Li huanian language schools. I 's called Ch es oma ic. E.
G ina eckienė, K. Mo kūnas, Vilnius: Min is, 1970. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he Eu opean Union ha a woman has been awa ded he Nobel P ize o Li e a u e.
LKTCh […] Li huanian language dic iona y ch es oma ija, sud. R. Bace ičiū ė, A.
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dialec s. […] P oblems o language his o y and dialec ology 5, sud. R. Bašienė, N.
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The ollowing is an exce p om he book "The Dialec ic o Li huanian T adi ional
Languages: A Dialec ical Classi ica ion o Li huanian T adi ional Languages" by D.
Mikulėniė-Dai a, Leskauskai ė, Meiliūnai ė Viole a, Vyniau ai ė, Simona 2019:
A icles o he T ea y
P iebalsių kie inimo dinamika Ma cinkonių apylinkėse
Dialec ome ics o Li huanian T adi ional Languages: A Dialec ical Classi ica ion o
Li huanian T adi ional Languages: A Collec i e S udy, ed. by D. Mikulėniė. Mykolaienė
Danguolė, 2019: Nomencla u e o he ea u es o he e minology: om he signs o
he e minology o he signs o he e minology. […] Respec us philologicus 35 (40),
51[…]62. Wha is he pu pose o his documen ? Mikulė Danguolė 2020: Measu emen as
a measu able quan i y. Li huanian language 15, 111. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Mikulė Danguolė, Čepai ienė Agnė 2021: The concep o he e minus o he line. –
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Mil oy James 2001: Language Ideologies and he Consequences o S anda diza ion. –
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Mil oy Lesley, Go don Ma hew 2003: Sociolinguis ics. This is he i s ime I' e been
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The Academy o Sciences.
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slopes in Bela us. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
U bana ičiū ė Žane a 1970: P iebalsiai l, , s (z?) be o e he unable […], in he Li huanian language. […] Spoken by 21, 75[…]86.
In he mid-1970s, he Li huanian-language li e a u e was domina ed by s ong and
weak dialec s. This is Bal is ica 6(1), 6165.
In he mid-1970s, he published he book "The S eng hening o he P ebalsians in he Li huanian Language." –
The language is 23(1), 5570.
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U bana ičiū ė Žane a 1978: The , d, n and p, b, m, ein o cemen o he
Li huanian language in ansla ions. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
DANUTĖ VALENTUKEVIČIENĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII is he i s o i s kind in Li huania.
Valen in Dancila, who is a membe o he KKK, said: "The KKK is he mos iolen
g oup in he wo ld. […] Li huanian language 13, 1[…]17. I is a ailable on he In e ne
a : h ps: www.zu nalai. u.l o ia he a icle's alk page.
Valen uke ičienė Danu ė 2021: Dzūka imo pokyčiai Va ėnos geolek o plo-
This is i . […] P o iles o Li huanian dialec ology: egional a ian s o he beginning o he
21s cen u y, hei ela ions and pe spec i es, V. Meiliūnai ė, Vilnius: Li huanian
Language Ins i u e, 58[…]76. Access o he In e ne : h p: www.wp-con en /uploads.h ml
2022/01/Lie u iu-dialec ology p o iles-1.pd This is a lis o dialec s in Li huania, o ganized by e hnic g oup.
Zigmas Zinke ičius 1966: Li huanian dialec ology, Vilnius: Min is. He is a membe o
he Li huanian Academy o Sciences. Zinkiewicz-Zigmas: The o igin o Li huanian dialec s, Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian language.
The Dynamics o Depala aliza ion
in Ma cinkonys En i ons
Summa y
The analysis o dialec al da a om he ea ly 21s cen u y shows he al eady changed
si ua ion o his phenomenon. The consonan s [ ], [], [] and [], [], [], [], which did no ha e hei
pala alized co ela es be o e, al eady unde go he mos p ominen changes in [ ], [], [] a e
he language o all h ee gene a ions. In dialec al language, he non-pala alized consonan s
o en eplaced wi h hei pala alized a ian s. As he so-called dzūka is declining, he
non-pala alized a ica es [] and [] a e less commonly used. Thei iabili y co ela es wi h he
main enance o he dzūka as a phenomenon. The consonan s [s], [], [], [p], [b], [m], [ʋ], which a e
only ypical o he old gene a ion, a e g adually going ou o use.
The di e gen in en o y o non-pala alized consonan s used by he in o man s and he
endencies o de-pala aliza ion show ha as he subdialec o Sou h Osse ian is changing and
new dialec al o ma ions a e on he ise, de-pala aliza ion is g adually weakening. Cases o
depala aliza ion o isola ed consonan s in dialec al speaking a e iewed as dialec al ma ke s
a he han dialec al ea u es.
Deli e ed on 2 Sep embe 2022
DANUTĖ VALENTUKEVIČIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
This is a lis o he municipali ies o he
Au onomous Communi y o Li huania in acco dance wi h A icle 1 o he T ea y on he Func ioning o he Eu opean Union.