S aipsniai / A icles 211
ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Resea ch a eas: geolinguis ics, dialec ology o he
Li huanian language.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Da e o a i al
The econs uc ion o YATYBI
Ho izon ally
and VERTICAL
Con inued by KAUNO MARI
GAS a ic
The Recons uc ion o he P iedzūkis
Dialec ical ea u es in he ho izon al and
e ical con inuum: he case o he bo om o he
The Kaunas Lagoon
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle examines he ho izon al and e ical con inui y o he a ea o he Kaunas Sea
Basin and he Pama a e minus zone. The in es iga i e ma e ial was collec ed in Rušiškės
(LKA536) and Šlienã oje (Má gininkų (LKA553) poin ). Speake s om he bo om o he Kauno
Sea, hey spoke in he language o wo amilies (sepa a e cas es). The su eyed e i o y
is he a ea o he wes e n highland slopes, whe e i is expec ed o ind he
cha ac e is ics o he p e- e iliza ion. This assump ion has been con i med: al hough
heo e ically he b igh es mani es a ions we e seen on he igh bank o he sea and in
he sou he n pa o he Nemun dis ic , i has been ound ha i s g o es a e on bo h
banks, nea he sea i sel . A he same ime, i assumes he uniqueness o he median a ea.
The meaning o he e ical con inui y is also highligh ed in he a icle: he co ela ion
be ween he ob ious ansla ional ea u es and he age o he p esen e s is es ablished. Looking a he ypology o he age wi hou ollowing he new […]
įp as o skaidymo imis ka omis, gilesniais pjū iais a skleis as e ikalusis agmen iškumas.
ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS
212 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The olde p esen e s (who, acco ding o he adi ional h ee- old di ision, belong o he
same gene a ion as he younge ones) e ain mo e o he cha ac e is ics o he
p edecesso . The ollowing wo ds a e included in he ESMINIAI ocabula y: wes e n high- ise
own hall, sou he n high- ise own hall, ho izon al con inui y, e ical con inui y, Kaunas
Ma ios.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle analyses he ho izon al and e ical con inuum o he e i o y looded by he
Kaunas Lagoon and he coas al dialec zones. The s udy ma e ial was collec ed in Rumšiškės
(LKA536) and Šliena a (Ma gininkai (LKA553 poin )). The in o man s once li ed a
he bo om o he Kaunas Lagoon; he language o wo amilies (inhabi an s o di e en
gene a ions) was con as ed.
The s udy a ea is he Wes e n Aus ian sub-dialec o Kaunas, whe e he heo e ical
dialec al ea u es we e expec ed o ind. This assump ion was con i med: al hough
mani es a ions o P ijedo a e clea es on he igh bank o he lagoon and he icini y o
Nemunas o he sou h.
can be ound on bo h sides o he lagoon, close o he lagoon. A he same ime, i implies
he dis inc i eness o he a ea.
The a icle also highligh s he signi icance o he e ical con inuum: a clea co ela ion
be ween dialec al cha ac e is ics and he age o in o man s was es ablished. Wi h a new
app oach o he ypology o age, b eaking away om he usual h ee-gene a ion di ision, he
e ical agmen a ion is e ealed in deepe c oss-sec ions. The olde in o man s (who,
acco ding o he adi ional h ee-gene a ion di ision, would belong o he same gene a ion as
he younge ones) ha e e ained mo e o he P ieduchian ea u es. KEYWORDS: Wes e n
Highland subdialec o Kaunas, Sou he n Highland subdialec , ho izon al con inuum, e ical
con inuum, Kaunas This is a lis o he dialec s o Kaunas.
The lagoon.
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
The dialec ology o he second hal o he wen ie h cen u y was usually
aliuoju kon inuumu. Laiky asi nuos a os, kad kalbos eiškiniai išpli ę am i-
con ined o he e i o y o he ho izon. The aim o he s udy was o co e he
poin s o he Li huanian Language A las (LKA). A he beginning o he 21s
cen u y, when Li huania began o de elop geolinguis ics and ecognized ha
he e we e many ansi ional a ian s be ween he dialec s and he common
language, he sociolinguis ic a iable o he 21s gene a ion was included in he
me hodological ins umen o language analysis. This and o he sociolinguis ic
A icles o he T ea y
P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame
i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis
a iables enable s udies o he dis ibu ion o a iables cha ac e izing he e ical con inuum […] g adual hanks […] (Willemyns, Bis e 1989: 541; Be u o 2010: 235[…]236;
This is he case in he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, whe e he Cou o Fi s Ins ance uled on he compa ibili y o he aid wi h he in e nal ma ke .
The in e ac ion be ween local language a ian s and he common language was
upda ed in 2018-2020 when he linguis ic si ua ion o Kaunas dis ic was s udied
by scien is s o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e Geolinguis ics Cen e 1 and in
pildomi duomenys būsimajam Ta mynui2. Tuome geoling is ikos me odais
2020-2021 when he ho izon al and e ical agmen a ion o he Pakaun a ea was collec ed and discussed
(Bakšienė 2021: 73) This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has been consul ed on his ma e .
In he cou se o hese in es iga ions, a en ion was d awn o he a eas a ound
he Kaunas Sea, which in 2020 he au ho o his a icle also isi ed when collec ing
žmonių, iki XX a. šeš ojo dešim mečio gy enusių Nẽmuno slėnyje; jį užliejus,
1959 m. bu o su o muo os Kaũno mã ios (plačiau ž . Šidlauskas 2021: 37–57 i
en nu ody a li e a ū a). Iškeldin i iš sa o gy enamųjų ie o ių, dugniečiai3
dažniausiai mig a o į a imas apylinkes, odėl ikė ina, kad jie i jų palikuonys
he language ma e ial: i was possible o sea ch o and p ese e he au hen ic
local language cha ac e is ics ha we e cha ac e is ic o he Kaunas Sea- illed
illages. his is he i s dialec ological- econs uc ional s udy in Li huania
co e ing he des uc ion and o ced e ic ion o esiden ial e i o y.
In 2020, 53 esponden s we e in e iewed and abou 50 hou s o con e sa ions
we e eco ded. The ma e ial unde in es iga ion in his a icle a e audio
eco dings o wo hou s and 34 minu es o con e sa ion be ween wo di e en
membe s o he same amily, including pa en s and child en. The book is based on
ou na a o s om he yea s 66 o 100 AD. Two amilies ha e been selec ed, he
elde s o which a e he eldes o all he speake s. A heo e ical model was
de eloped on he basis o ou speake s, which will be applied o all esponden s la e (in subsequen s udies).
Thus, he subjec o his a icle is he language o he people (and hei
descendan s) who came om he bo om o he Sea o Galilee; See also able 1.
1 The in es iga ion was pa ially suppo ed by he Kaunas Dis ic Municipali y. Head o In es iga ion […] P o . habil. d . The Danguolė
I 's called Mikulėnienė.
2 P ojec "C ea ion o a model o Li huanian local language a ian s", led by D . Agnė Čepai ienė.
Funded by he S a e Li huanian Language Commission (P og amme o he Use, S anda diza ion
and Dissemina ion o he S a e Li huanian Language). Access o he In e ne : h ps: a mynas.lki.l
(connec ion wi h an accoun ).
3 This is he name gi en o he people who li ed in he Nemunas Valley be o e he lood (in he
p esen -day Kaunas Sea bo om) (in o ma ion om Ramunė Miki ieje a, chie specialis o he
Kaunas Sea Regional Pa k Visi o Cen e; In e iew wi h he au ho 2020-09-14, eco ding s o ed
in he Ta mių A chi e o he Geolinguis ics Cen e o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e.
ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS
214 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX and i s annexes
One LENTEL. Families o applican s and hei place o
esidence4 Applican s Du a ion o he eco ding Kilmė place Dab. place o esidence
The Fi s
šeima
Rumš_M_1930 1 al. 11 min. 0 s. Rumšiškės Rumšiškės
Rumš_V_1954
The second amily Šlie_V_1920 1 hou 23 minu es 19
seconds D a eliškės Šliena a Šlie_M_1951
The supplie s li e on di e en sho es o he sea. The cu en (pe e ed)
inhabi an s o Rušiški be o e he lood li ed in he old Rušiški own, (bo h he
o Šlienã os gy en ojai y a kilę iš D a ẽliškių (kaimo, bu usio a p Rušiškių
old and he cu en ) and Šlienã a. Cu en ly, Rušiškės belongs o he Rušiškių
seniūnija, Kaišiado i dis ic , and Šliena à is pa o he Samyl seniūnija,
Kaunas dis ic . These a e he wo LKA poin s […] Rušiškių (LKA536) and Má gininkų
(LKA553) (see also Figu e 1.)
The composi ion o he applican s ollows he mi o p inciple: he mo he
(Rumš_M_1930) and son (Rumš_V_1954) and he a he (Šlie_V_1920) and
daugh e (Šlie_M_1951) a e in e iewed. They can be desc ibed as siblings,
only son Rumš_V_1954 wo ks in Kaunas. See he language cha ac e is ics o
he esponden s in Chap e 4 o he "Language cha ac e is ics o he esponden s".
The analysis o he ma e ial chosen o his a icle also helps o achie e he
s a ed goal - o e eal he ho izon al and e ical peculia i ies o he Kauno Sea
bo om and he Pama ian dialec . Since he age di e ence be ween he oldes
and he younges esponden was […] 36 yea s (see Figu e 2), he collec ed
linguis ic ma e ial e eals no only he linguis ic ends o he eal ime bu also
hose o he obse ed ime, which u he ein o ces he e ical axis o he s udy.
The objec i es o be achie ed a e:
(1) o examine he linguis ic cha ac e is ics o he olde and younge
speaking popula ion belonging o wo amilies in 2020; (2) o desc ibe he
bo om o he Kaunas Sea and he Pama io zone e ically
(di e en imes) a he le el.
4 Pa eikėjai užkoduo i šia a ka: ie o ės san umpa, ly is, gimimo me ai. P z., Rušiškėse gy e-
nan i mo e is, gimusi 1930 m.: Rumš_M_1930.
5 Residences a he bo om o he Kaunas Sea Valdo U banić's map is shown in he s o y. I
is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: www.a cgis.com/home_i em.h ml?id=c55688a269934e
This is 1 95d90bee099467c5.
6 Acco ding o Ta min, Šliena à alls in o wo poin s: he la ge pa belongs o he
A mãliškai poin (LKA534), he smalle one o Má gininkų (LKA553). The au ho s o his a icle
li e in Má gininkų Poin (LKA553).
A icles by A icle 215
P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame
i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis
1 PAV. O he The LKA poin s o be examined
Me hodology o he s udy. As al eady men ioned, he analysis o he language
selec ed di e en g amma s. Thus, he adi ional NORM c i e ion is no
ollowed7. This p ac ice has been obse ed in Li huania in he pas , al hough i has
been applied o s udies o mul icul u al amilies (see mo e widely Mikulėnienė,
Poce ičiū ė 2018). By selec ing speake s om he same amily, no only can he
language cha ac e is ics o speake s be iden i ied, bu also acciden al (o
indi idualized) use cases o hem a e a oided. I is pa icula ly desi able o b eak
away om hem in an a emp o econs uc he local a ian o he language.
The small numbe o esponden s allows he modeling o he cha ac e is ics o
he local language, and his model can la e be supplemen ed wi h da a om o he esponden s.
1. The T ial o he E e nal Typos
Speci ically
As al eady men ioned in he Ac , he ho izon al and e ical dimensions in ela ion o he
submi e p o ide no only he possibili y o eco ding eal- ime linguis ic ac s, bu also 7 English
non-mobile olde u al male. This c i e ion is ela ed o he s a ic image o he medium. F om
NORM's poin o iew, he app op ia e in o man is an elde ly, se led u al man (Aliūkai ė, Mikulėnienė 2014: 32).

ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS
216 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX
p ieigą p ie s ebimojo laiko duomenų, . y. ski ingo amžiaus g upių a minių
he cha ac e is ics.
The obse a ion ime pe spec i e is ein o ced by he ac ha he ac ual
ime o he su ey o applican s is […] 2020, i.e. one hund ed yea s a e he
bi h o he main applican and 61 yea s a e he li ing om he looding o
he Nemunas Valley (see Fig. 2). 2 PAV. O he Yea o bi h o he applican s
om he pe spec i e o eal and obse ed ime Guided by he ypology o he
p ojec 2011-2014 a he ime o he looding o he Nemunas Valley (1959), he
applican s belonged o he middle and younge gene a ion (o we e no ye
bo n) In 2020, a he ime o he su ey, all (including a ew o he descendan s
o he speake s) had al eady become ep esen a i es o he olde gene a ion
nebė a. Tačiau, kaip minė a, amžiaus ski umas a p y iausių i jauniausių pa-
[…] i.e. olde han 50 yea s. The emaining li ing people, belonging o he olde gene a ion o 1959 […] al eady su icien p o ide s […] po en ial pa en s and child en o language di e ences
(simila ) disclosed9.
Pa en s ( ega dless o age) a e assigned o he olde gene a ion, and child en a e assigned o he
younge gene a ion. Such ypology e lec s he gene a ion no only om a sociolinguis ic bu also
om a demog aphic poin o iew, hus allowing o cla i y he possible damage o he local a ian o
he pa a mė […] i s s eng hening o weakening by analyzing he da a in obse a ion ime. 8 […]
Con empo a y geolinguis ic esea ch in Li huania: op imiza ion o he poin ne wo k and in e ac i e
dissemina ion o language in o ma ion[…] (VP1-3.1-ŠMM-07-K-01-028), headed by P o . D . (HP) D.
Mikulėnienė. Funded unde he EU p og amme Suppo o scien i ic ac i i ies o scien is s and
o he esea che s ( isual g an ).
9 The age ypology in s udies may a y depending on demog aphic and o he ac o s (Bakšienė 2021: 74). In
he de elopmen o he Ta myno model, which is planned o be applied in he u u e o he s udy o he
en i e Li huanian language a ea, he age o he gene a ion has also been adjus ed: he olde gene a ion
is assigned o hose o e 60 yea s o age (ins ead o 50 yea s), and he a e age is […] 31[…]59 yea s (Bakšienė 2021: 74).
A icles by A icles 217
P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame
i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis
2. The e i o y o he Republic o Moldo a
The eme gence o he Kauno Sea made he Pakaun a ea a speci ic esea ch
ield. Due o he cons uc ion o a hyd oelec ic powe plan in he 1960s,
which displaced he local popula ion om he Nemun Valley ( he bo om o he
o me Kaunas Sea), mos o he people mo ed o nea by a eas, so in 2020 he
la ges concen a ion o hem was eco ded in he Pami .
As men ioned, he dugne s unde in es iga ion in he wo a icles li e in
Šlienã a (Samyl sen., on he le bank o he Ma i), in he PiliuonõsSamyl a ea
( he a ea is named a e he common- a min language hea h (Bakšienė 2021:
gy ena Rušiškėse – dešiniajame ma ių k an e (ž . 3 pa .).
3 PAV. Pa eikėjų lokacija i iškeldinimo k yp ys
81). Judging om he o he wo Li huanian dialec classi ica ions, he expec ed
dialec a ea uni y (see chap e 3) is expec ed. On he o he hand, in he
ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX highligh s he inconsis encies o some
linguis ic cha ac e is ics and he possible ansg ession o he a ea o supo ų
nuojan is p iedzūkis.
Taigi ho izon aliuoju lygmeniu e i o ija nė a isiškai homogeniška: ai aka-
aukš aičių, which con ains 218 linguis ic cha ac e is ics o sou he n highlande s.
3. The e m o he TIRIAMOJO PLOTO YPATYB
A he end o he 19 h cen u y, An anas Ba anauskas a ibu ed his a ea o
he i s sou he ne s (Ba ano skij 1898: 49[…]51; see also Ge žo ai ė 487, see
also Ge žo ai ė 487), in he i s hal o he 20 h cen u y, An anas Salys […] o
he middle-aged people (Salys: 1933: 21[…]34; Salys: 1992: 109[…]11), and in he second
hal o he 20 h cen u y, Zigmas Zinke ičius and Aleksas Gi denis […] o he
middle-aged people (Zinke ičius: 139[…]19614). The dialec is s o he special y o
he e ening a e he ones who ha e eco ded he ela ionship be ween he
Nêmuno […], which is he ansi ion be ween he e ening high school and he
a e noon high school. Mikulėnienė, Salienė main subu b, 2005: 114[…]116. The
cen ais į a dijami Balbiẽ iškis, P enai, B š onas, Kaišiadó ys (Bace ičiū ė,
municipali y is loca ed in he municipali y o Mikulėnienė, Salienė.
ma e ial o di e en pe iods, he ep esen a i es o his a ea a e
dis inguished by a he b igh phone ic ea u es: (1) as he highligh s o he
e enings, ins ead o he balsio e ( o me ly he nosine o he nose) some imes
he i (i·) (e.g., eñ […] i·, exsigañdęs […] isiga[…]dis) (Salys 1933: 31; 1992: 113; Zinke ičius 1966: 82 and k . ; I 's called he Bace ichiu , he Mikulėnienė, he Salienė.
2005: 116);
(2) ins ead o […] […] […] (e.g., […]žuolas […] ú·žuolas, g ž as […] g ūš as) (Salys 1992:
113; Mo kūnas 1994: 85–86 i k .);
(3) žodžio p adžios e a liepia kaip a (p z., eke  – ake ·, eše ỹs – aše ·s)
(Zinke ičius 1966: 121122, 449; Bace ičiū ė, Mikulėnienė, Salienė2005: This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, li ed in o a e cu en ly esiding in Li huania.
114);
(4) as in he la ge high- ise pa o he es a e, o en ex ends he i s
igh - i ing double-b eas ed sui s i, u (e.g., d b i d ·p , s ùm i s úm· )
(Zinke ičius 1966: 107 and k . ; The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
114);
(5) he ha dness o he ba ie (e.g., he h eshold […] ladas, he h eshold […] lái.s ) (Zinke ičius 1966:
160[…]161; Salys 1992: 109[…]111; Bace ičiū ė, Mikulėnienė, Salienė 2005: This is he i s ime ha his has happened.
116);
A icles and a icles 219
P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame
i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis
(6) gali a i a i esnius balsius ė, o (bga – b·ga, óks – ·ks) (Zinke ičius
1966: 71, 74–75; Bace ičiū ė, Mikulėnienė, Salienė 2005: 116)10.
O he mo phological ea u es, he ollowing should be men ioned:
(7) The end o he bene icia y o he masculine genus o singula nouns
may be -u (e.g., põnui põnu) (Zinke ičius 1966: 248; Bace ičiū ė, Mikulėnienė,
Salienė 2005: 116);
(8) in ances al cons uc ions […] some imes he end […] i (un il damaged
(un il dangaus), un il b oken […] un il s uck (un il s uck) (Bace ičiū ė,
Mikulėnienė, Salienė 2005: 116);
(9) may be used in he o m o a hyphen (e.g. iduñ, šliūbañ) (Zinke ičius
1966: 200, 2005 […]210; Bace ičiū ė, Mikulėnienė, Salienė 209: 116); Ano he
peculia i y o he p e ix is he change o he ending o he wo d
" hing" o "u a" (e.g., sesuõ […] sesu à, anduõ […] andu à) (Zinke ičius
1966: 86[…]87; Salys 1992: 113; Mo kūnas 1994: 87); This Decision shall en e
in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
In his a icle, based on a heo e ical model based on he en
cha ac e is ics o he in e media e p e ix, he deepe language is cha ac e ized.
4. Responden calls
Cha ac e is ics
In a 2020 su ey o ou speake s, i was ound ha he e a e ea u es o
p e-school in he memo y.
The ma e ial […] eco ded 2 hou s and 34 minu es o con e sa ions wi h wo speake s om Ruiškių
(LKA536 poin ) and wo speake s om Šlienā a (Má gininkų (LKA553) poin ) […] compa ed wi h he use
o Li huanian language a i udes in 1982 […] checked om he obse e 's ime pe spec i e.
laso“ (LKA) „Fone ikos“ žemėlapiais i jų komen a ais. Taip p iedzūkio ypa-
Acco ding o he a chi es o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e Geolinguis ics Cen e Ta mių,
Rušiškių 10 These examples a e p esen ed as indica ed in he quo ed sou ces ( he usual kopenhagine
ansc ip ion in Li huanian dialec ology). Examples will be w i en o cha ac e ize he speech o
he speake s
palaipsniui įsigalinčios a p au inės one inės abėcėlės (TFA) ašmenimis. Plačiau apie TFA ž .
Bakšienė, Čepai ienė 2017; Bakšienė 2018.
ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS
226 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
10 PAV. O he The L.K.A. Phone ic Map No. 20 is a agmen o he Kamino-P ajp adji.
The LKA "Phone ics" map No. 20 o 1982 essen ially e lec s he wo
ho izon al le els […] he uni y o he a ea om a synch onous poin o iew,
and when combined wi h he 2020 da a […] and diach onic ( om he pe spec i e o obse ed ime).
4.4. P iebalsio l kie inimas
Ano he a he s iking ea u e o he Pama a is he ha dening o he
ibs. In 2020, he species was ound on bo h coas s o he sea. See also
able 4. 4 LENTEL[…]. Wha is i ? S i ening o he ib cage
In he case o a Membe S a e whose cu ency is he eu o and which is no
a membe o he eu o a ea, he Commission shall adop implemen ing ac s
laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. p1ɑˈlɑɪdo (x2); and n1ˈlɑɪdji; also known as n1ˈlɑɪdji […]1[…]lɑ[…]ɪ[…]jɛ; also known as […]1[…]lɑ[…] p1ɑˈlɑɪd (shūʋius); also known as I'm no going o lie o you. l[…]ɪˈdjɪmɑ[…]; also known as l[…]ɪˈdɪmo[…]; also known as l[…]ɪmo[…]
[…]lɑsjɪn[…]m (also known as)
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. he ollowing able is inse ed: […]Jɛˈlɑs; also known as […]Jɛˈlɑs[…] l[…]nj1[…] jiːno[…]s; also known as l[…]nj1[…]no[…]s This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.

S aipsniai / A icles 227
P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame
i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis
In he sp ing o 2020, I was asked o do a lo o esea ch in a ious posi ions.
Th ee o he ou speake s emphasize he accen , bu no qui e consis en ly
(excep ions occu ). Acco ding o he abundance o examples, he l is mainly
ha dened in he speech o Šlie_V_1920, bu in he wo ds i is aised, no aised,
aised and so ened. The l is ha dened all he ime.
As in he case o he o e ejec ion, he impo ance o he gene a ion is again
highligh ed: i should be no ed ha he pe son bo n in 1951 did no ecei e he
o e a all, and he pe son bo n in 1954 ecei ed i only once.
The ha dening o he p ebalsium is mapped in se e al 1982 LKA "Phone ics"
maps. He e is No. 15 […] he s one e, ei a e he balcony l (e.g., ligh s, ligh s); See
11 pa ., o žemėlapyje N . 72 – kamieno n po l; ž . 12 pa .
also On he le bank ( hus also in Šlienã ej […] Má gininkų (LKA553) poin ) bo h
e(i) and a(i) a e eco ded, and on he igh bank (Rušiškėse, LKA536) […] only a(i)
(LKA II 3334). Thus, he Russian l be o e e(i) is always ha dened. In 2020, he end
was main ained in […] Šlienã oje (Má gininkų (LKA553) poin ) which is ha de
han in Rušiškės (LKA536).
Ano he case o an i-balance ha dening is discussed in he 1982 LKA "Phone ics" map
No. 72 (see Fig. 12). Unlike he map No. 15 (Fig. 11), i eco ds he s one en po l (LKA II 8889).
In 1982, appa en ha dening was mapped on bo h banks, bu Šliena à (Má gininkų
(LKA553) poin ) is conside ed he bounda y om which he ha dening o he coas
begins. This ea u e is ound only in he hanksgi ing Rumš_M_1930 speech, in he wo d
len ýnos: lnj1ˈ jiːnos; […]l[…]nj1[…] jiːnuː (see also able 4). The e o e, i is assumed
ha he a ian o he common language (minkš asis p iebalsis l p ieš en) could ha e
been acqui ed on he le bank as a as Ma i.
The ma e ial is based on he 1982 LKA "Phone ics" maps No. 15 and No. 28; i is
lapiuose, be i 2014 m. monog a ijoje (Mikulėnienė, Meiliūnai ė, sud., 2014);
ž . 13 pa .
indica ed ha he a ea o consump ion o he P ibalsia emained he same as
i was in he second hal o he 20 h cen u y, bu his phone ic ea u e is
e e ed o as ex inc , bes p ese ed in he wo ds o he oldes gene a ion
(Bakšienė, Žo ai ė, Leskauskai ė 2014: 255).
One o he ea u es o he o ecas is he mo e open oice o he alleged
o e s, and he 2020 poll o he g a e ul did no occu in he speech. The 1982
LKA […]Phone ics[…] maps o Rušiškėse (LKA536) and Šlienã oje (Má gininkų
(LKA553) also do no ep esen he mo e open spoken language (mo e abou spoken language in Slo akia)
mą ž .: LKA II 44–58).
ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS
Ac a Linguis ica 228 Li huanica LXXXIX is he i s o i s kind in he Eu opean Union.
11 PAV. O he L.K.A. Phone ic Map No. 15 agmen om he yea 1982
po p iebalsio l
The 12 h PAV. L.K.A. Phone ics map No. 72 agmen om he Kamino and he Po
A icles by A icles 229
P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame
i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis
13 PAV. This is he X agmen o he map: he s one e, ei, ė unde he balcony l
4.5. Mo phological ea u es
Gi en he phone ic cha ac e is ics, i is sugges ed ha he local language a ian
has no comple ely disappea ed, bu he mo phological da a indica e a d as ic
change in he e ical con inuum, o he obse ed ime scale. Mo phological
examples a e pa icula ly ela ed o he age o he speake s. Al hough he wo
oldes speake s a e heo e ically assigned o he same gene a ion (age di e ence
[…] en yea s), he e minological da a is no homogeneous. Th ee mo phological
ea u es we e hea d in he go e nmen spokespe son's speech, one in he eenage
spokespe son's speech […], and no mo phological ea u es o he p e ix we e hea d
in he younge spokespe son's speech a all; See also able 5.
ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS
230 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXXIX
5 LENTEL[…]. Wha is i ? Mo phological cha ac e is ics o he language o he submi e s
Ilia y as Daik a a džio
The male line o he
ba h oom, which was
bene icia y's a m
p o ided by he Daik a a džių monas e y
- he name is changed o -u a Šlie_V_1920 ʋjiɛ1ˈnɑm 1ˈsuːn mjɪˈjkjæljɪn
sjsˈʋɑ lima sie i ieną 1982 m. LKA […]Fone ikos[…] map […] No. 67 (LKA II
Rumš_M_1930 jʲɛʊˈnʲɪmʊ - -
Su mo ologine ypa ybe – daik a a džio baigmeniu -u a ie oje -uo – ga-
82[…]83); See also Figu e 14. 5 The able shows ha he ea u e was
de ec ed in Šlienã a (Má gininkų
(poin LKA553) is inse ed.
14 PAV. This is he The LCA map No. 67 agmen : open limbs c ossed because in 1982 he LCA
[…]Phone ics[…] map No. 67 ba h - and o en in 2020 su eying esiden s comple ely did no ind limbs in
iksuo as, ši ypa ybė laiky ina nyks ančia13.
he accesso y cons uc ions, bu his was no su p ising, because o he esea che s also indica e
ha i occu s only occasionally (Bace ičiū ė, Mikulė, Salienė 2005: 116). 13 LKA […]Phone ics[…] map No. 67
has a e minal - and i 's mapped on bo h sides o he sea, so i 's
čiau Má gininkų (LKA553) punk e už iksuo as ik žodis šu à.
S aipsniai / A icles 231
P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame
i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis
Like phone ic and mo phological cha ac e is ics, he o osena does no
ela e o a speci ic place o esidence.
4.6. Dis ibu ion o e minological ea u es on he
e ical con inuum
See he lis o in e media e p ope ies o he aces by equency on he e ical con inuum.
15 o his Regula ion.
15 PAV. O he The (non) exis ence o he de ini e a icle in igu e 15 indica es he
absence o he p e ix de ini e a icle: he ini ial owel e is hea d as a in h ee o
he ou cases, and he second de ini e a icle […] balsio […] is no hea d as […] (uː)
[…]. The ounda ion o p ejudice is he s onges in he speech o he g ea es
p aise make s. The language o hei child en bo n in he six ies has a e
cha ac e is ics, used o he i s language wi h a ian s o he common
language; he smalles ea u es o he […] younges con ibu o (Rumš_V_1954) in
he speech. On he o he hand, i should be no ed ha he is s ill a ough guy, unlike
he h ee-yea -old olde hank you Sly_M_1951. Since he dis inc i e cha ac e is ics
o g amma s a y in he language (some imes ega dless o egion o gene a ion),
he g amma ical signs a e hough o ha e been eplaced by he g amma ical signs
(see he concep o g amma ical ma ks in Mikulėnienė 2019: 60).

ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS
232 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX
Te i o iniu lygmeniu (ho izon aliajame kon inuume) nė a endencingų o-
he ne di e ences. Thus, he inhabi an s o he wo a eas a he bo om
o he Kaunas Sea - he D a eliškiai and he Rušiškiai - had o speak he same language.
The Appendices
Two geolinguis ic le els ha e been upda ed in he a icle he ho izon al le el o
he a ea and he e ical le el o he gene a ion. A hese le els, based on a
heo e ical model based on en cha ac e is ics o he in e media e p e ix,
he linguis ic cha ac e is ics o he p esen e s we e examined.
In he ho izon al con inuum, he ea u es o he phone ic p e ix a e used ai ly
e enly […] on he le and igh edges o he Kaunas Sea […] in Šliena a (Má gininkų
(LKA553 poin ) and Rušiškėse (LKA536) […] does no ind a capi al (o as in (iː), he
endencingų) a minių ski umų. Abiejuose k an uose balsis e (ę) a liepiamas
oice e is p onounced as a a he beginning o wo ds, he i s i m p eposi ions
o he double owels i, u, ki a e ex ensi ely ex ended. F om he poin o iew o
obse ed ime, he da a ( he cha ac e is ics ha a e s ill ound in he speech o
he speake s) essen ially coincide wi h he 1982 LKA […]Phone ics[…] maps (in 2020
he p onuncia ion cha ac e is ics occu (and) in di e en wo ds han indica ed
in he 1982 LKA […]Phone ics[…] maps). The e is di e si y in he e ical con inuum.
All he owels ex end he i s wo owels o he consonan s i, u. The ini ial owel
o he wo d e as a co esponds o h ee o he ou (excep o he younges
one). All bu he second younges submi ed he applica ion. Ins ead o e
( o me ly nosinio ę), he oice in (iː) is h ee owels. The e is no e idence o any o
he ea u es (i is commonly assumed ha hey ha e disappea ed o
disappea ed): he e is no e idence o any o he ea u es as ų (uː); No a single
esponden o ed, and I didn' o e openly.
Pap as ai y esni gy en ojai y a išlaikę daugiau a minių b uožų – ši enden-
cija ypač a skleis a mo ologinių ypa ybių a osenoje: y iausiojo pa eikėjo (g.
Th ee mo phological ea u es ha e been ound in he language: he masculine gende o
he daik a a ds o he same amily, he galunė -u (ɛjiɑ1ˈnɛm 1ˈsuːn), he ilia ic
(mjɪˈjkjæljn), he ba h o he daik a a ds (sjɑsˈʋu) 1920. In he language o he younge
gene a ion o he en h yea , only he masculine amily o wo ds is hea d, one-syllable
ending -u (jjɛˈnjɪm). The e is no e idence o mo phological cha ac e is ics in he
language o people bo n in 1951 and 1954.
I can be said ha D a ėliškės and Rušiskės belonged o he same e i o y o he […]
p iedzūki un il he expulsion. The heo y and me hods o loca ions whe e he enches
A icles by A icles 233
P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame
i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis
(Poin LKA553) and Rušiškės (Poin LKA536), also conside ed as a single
e minus o he e i o y o he sub- egion. I 's a wo- amily language.
Sukū us p iedzūkio ypa ybėmis g įs ą eo inį modelį, s aipsnyje išanalizuo-
La e , he econs uc ion o he local language a ian o he a ea unde
in es iga ion will be based on his model.
LITERATŪRA
Aliūkai ė Dai a, Mikulėnienė Danguolė 2014: Geoling is ika: ideologi-
we e exca a ed. The basic concep s. […] Geolinguis ic and sociolinguis ic s udy o
Li huanian languages a he beginning o he 21s cen u y (land maps and hei
commen s), D. Mikulėnienė, V. Meiliūnai ė, Vilnius: B iedis, 29[…]47.
Bace ičiū ė Rima, Mikulėnienė Danguolė, Salienė Vilija 2005: Highe seconda y schools o
he Wes Kaunas and Klaipėda egion, Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e. Bakšienė
Rima, Čepai ienė Agnė 2017: Oppo uni ies o he applica ion o he In e na ional
Phone ic Alphabe o he sounds o Li huanian dialec s. Bal is ica 52(1), 105135. This is no
he case. I is also impo an o no e ha he Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k is based on he p inciple o p opo ionali y.
2023-05-29].
Bakhshien Rima, Ge žo ai ė Lau a, Leskauskai ė As a 2014: X map and commen a y. This is
he i s ime ha he ilm has been shown in hea e s. […] Beginning o he 21s cen u y
(žemėlapiai i jų komen a ai), sud. D. Mikulėnienė, V. Meiliūnai ė, Vilnius: B iedis, 255.
Li huanian language: geolinguis ic and sociolinguis ic s udy Bakšienė Rima 2021: linguis ic
a ian s o Kaunas dis ic […] The basis o he c ea ion o he […]Ta myno[…] model.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: www.zu nalai. u.l espec -philologicus/a icle/ iew/21920-23210 [see also
2023-05-30].
Bakshene Rima 2017: T ansc ip ion o Li huanian ad ice in TFA symbols: high- ise
buildings in he e ening. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 77, 237 […]254 […] This Decision is
add essed o he Membe S a es. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps:
Ba ano skij An onij J. 1898: Бaрaновскiй, Aнтoнiй Я. Замѣтки о литовскомъ
языкѣ и словарѣ [Zamě ki o li o skom’ jazikě i slo a ě], Санктпетербургъ: Типографiя
jou nals.lki.l /9ac alinguis icali huanica h ps: a icle/ iew/83728 [ iewed 2023-06-08]. The Impe ial Academy o Sciences is loca ed in S . Pe e sbu g.
The Academy o Sciences.
Be u o Gae ano 2010: S uc u e and dynamics o a language space: 13. Iden i ying
dimensions o linguis ic a ia ion in a language space. […] Language and Space. An
in e na ional handbook o linguis ic a ia ion, ol. 1, heo ies and me hods.
ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS
234 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion
in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Lau a Ge žo ai ė 2016: A s udy o he
classi ica ion o Li huanian dialec s om a geolinguis ic poin o iew:
dak a o dise acija, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as.
LKA II – Lie u ių kalbos a lasas 2: Fone ika, au . E. G ina eckienė, A. Jonai y ė,
J. Lipskienė, K. Mo kūnas, M. Razmukai ė, B. Vanagienė, A. Vidugi is, a sak. ed.
K. Mo kūnas, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1982.
LKASMRK […] Ins i u e o Li huanian Language o he USSR o Li huania, Regis e o
Ma e ials Collec ed o he Li huanian Language A las (published in 1952). I is kep in he
Ta mių a chi e o he Geolinguis ics Cen e o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e.
Mykolaienė Danguolė, 2019: Nomencla u e o he ea u es o he e minology: om
he signs o he e minology o he signs o he e minology. This Regula ion shall
en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o
he Eu opean Union. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Mikulė Danguolė 2022: His o y o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e 2: annexa ion o
he dic iona y, Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian Language.
Mikulėnienė Danguolė, Meiliūnai ė Viole a, sud., 2014: Li huanian languages a he beginning o
he 21s cen u y: geolinguis ic and sociolinguis ic s udy (land maps and hei commen s), Vilnius:
I 's he b ead.
Mo kūnas Kazys 1994: Because o he p e-judgmen and i s limi s. Li huanian
language ques ions 34, 84-92. I is a ailable online a : h ps: www.jou nals.lki.l
ac alinguis icali huanica/a icle iew/ 1465/59 [ iewed on 2023-06-07].
An enna o he Hall 1933: A ew no es on he his o y o he halls. […] A chi um
21–34.
Philologicum 4, Salys An anas 1992: W i ings o he Li huanian language, Rome:
Li huanian Ca holic Academy o Sciences.
Shidulash Zhyd ūnas: Recons uc i e aspec s o he bo om o he Kaunas Sea. […]
P o iles o Li huanian dialec ology: egional a ian s o he beginning o he 21s
cen u y, hei ela ions and pe spec i es, V. Meiliūnai ė, A. Čepai ienė, D.
Damb auskienė, Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian Language, 45[…]70. The ollowing is an
uploads/2022/01/Lie u iu-dialek ologijos-p o iliai-1.pd [žiū ė a 2023-05-30].
exce p om he a icle "Ubiso : The Rise and Fall o he So ie Union" published in
he jou nal Ubiso .o g: "Ubiso : The Rise and Fall o he So ie Union." The
cen u y-old his o y o he bo om o he Kaunas Sea. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
A icles by A icle 235
P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame
i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis
Willemyns Roland, Bis e Helga 1989: The Language Con inuum as a
This is a mul idimensional concep . […] S a us and Func ion o Languages and Language
Va ie ies, Be lin, New Yo k: Wal e de G uy e , 541 […] 551. Zigmas Zinke ičius, Gi denis
Aleksas 1966: Because o he classi ica ion o he Li huanian language. […] Language 14,
139 […] 147. […] Wha is he meaning o he name […]?
Zinke ičius Zigmas 1966: Li huanian dialec ology: compa a i e phone ics and
mo phology o he dialec s, Vilnius: Min is.
The Recons uc ion o he P iedzūkis
Dialec al Fea u es in Ho izon al and Ve ical
Con inuum: he Case o he Bo om o he
Kaunas Lagoon
Summa y
The a icle p esen s he speci ics o he age ypology o he subjec s om he pe spec i e o
appa en ime. Gene a ional issues a e in oduced. The esiden ial a ea o he in o man s is
con ex ualised, and di ec ions o mig a ion o he popula ion e ic ed om he bo om o
Kaunas Lagoon a e p o ided. The dialec al cha ac e is ics o he s udy a ea a e discussed.
Taking in o conside a ion ha he s udy a ea is a ansi ional a ea be ween he Wes e n
Aus onesian subdialec o Kaunas and he Sou he n Aus onesian subdialec (and is o be
conside ed o be he P ijedo subdialec a ea), a heo e ical model based on en P ijedo
dialec al ea u es is de eloped. Based on he de eloped heo e ical model, he language o he
in o man s ( wo amilies) is cha ac e ised. Dissemina ion o dialec al da a in he ho izon al and
e ical con inuum is shown. The da a collec ed in 2020 is compa ed o he linguis ic ac s o he
maps in Phone ics (LKA 1982). The ma e ial om di e en pe iods is homogeneous in mos cases
[…] he shi s in he use o dialec al (phone ic) ea u es a e small. Based on he da a a he ime
o appa en , a econs uc i e amewo k o unde s and he local a ia ion o he subdialec
a he bo om o he Kaunas Lagoon is c ea ed.
Deli e ed on 9 Augus 2023.
ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
This is a lis o ai po s in Li huania,
g ouped by ype and so ed by loca ion.