Priedzūkio tarminių ypatybių rekonstrukcija horizontaliajame ir vertikaliajame kontinuume: Kauno marių dugno atvejis

S aipsniai / A icles 211 ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Resea ch a eas: geolinguis ics, dialec ology o he Li huanian language. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Da e o a i al The econs uc ion o YATYBI Ho izon ally and VERTICAL Con inued by KAUNO MARI GAS a ic The Recons uc ion o he P iedzūkis Dialec ical ea u es in he ho izon al and e ical con inuum: he case o he bo om o he The Kaunas Lagoon This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The a icle examines he ho izon al and e ical con inui y o he a ea o he Kaunas Sea Basin and he Pama a e minus zone. The in es iga i e ma e ial was collec ed in Rušiškės (LKA536) and Šlienã oje (Má gininkų (LKA553) poin ). Speake s om he bo om o he Kauno Sea, hey spoke in he language o wo amilies (sepa a e cas es). The su eyed e i o y is he a ea o he wes e n highland slopes, whe e i is expec ed o ind he cha ac e is ics o he p e- e iliza ion. This assump ion has been con i med: al hough heo e ically he b igh es mani es a ions we e seen on he igh bank o he sea and in he sou he n pa o he Nemun dis ic , i has been ound ha i s g o es a e on bo h banks, nea he sea i sel . A he same ime, i assumes he uniqueness o he median a ea. The meaning o he e ical con inui y is also highligh ed in he a icle: he co ela ion be ween he ob ious ansla ional ea u es and he age o he p esen e s is es ablished. Looking a he ypology o he age wi hou ollowing he new […] įp as o skaidymo imis ka omis, gilesniais pjū iais a skleis as e ikalusis agmen iškumas. ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS 212 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The olde p esen e s (who, acco ding o he adi ional h ee- old di ision, belong o he same gene a ion as he younge ones) e ain mo e o he cha ac e is ics o he p edecesso . The ollowing wo ds a e included in he ESMINIAI ocabula y: wes e n high- ise own hall, sou he n high- ise own hall, ho izon al con inui y, e ical con inui y, Kaunas Ma ios. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The a icle analyses he ho izon al and e ical con inuum o he e i o y looded by he Kaunas Lagoon and he coas al dialec zones. The s udy ma e ial was collec ed in Rumšiškės (LKA536) and Šliena a (Ma gininkai (LKA553 poin )). The in o man s once li ed a he bo om o he Kaunas Lagoon; he language o wo amilies (inhabi an s o di e en gene a ions) was con as ed. The s udy a ea is he Wes e n Aus ian sub-dialec o Kaunas, whe e he heo e ical dialec al ea u es we e expec ed o ind. This assump ion was con i med: al hough mani es a ions o P ijedo a e clea es on he igh bank o he lagoon and he icini y o Nemunas o he sou h. can be ound on bo h sides o he lagoon, close o he lagoon. A he same ime, i implies he dis inc i eness o he a ea. The a icle also highligh s he signi icance o he e ical con inuum: a clea co ela ion be ween dialec al cha ac e is ics and he age o in o man s was es ablished. Wi h a new app oach o he ypology o age, b eaking away om he usual h ee-gene a ion di ision, he e ical agmen a ion is e ealed in deepe c oss-sec ions. The olde in o man s (who, acco ding o he adi ional h ee-gene a ion di ision, would belong o he same gene a ion as he younge ones) ha e e ained mo e o he P ieduchian ea u es. KEYWORDS: Wes e n Highland subdialec o Kaunas, Sou he n Highland subdialec , ho izon al con inuum, e ical con inuum, Kaunas This is a lis o he dialec s o Kaunas. The lagoon. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The dialec ology o he second hal o he wen ie h cen u y was usually aliuoju kon inuumu. Laiky asi nuos a os, kad kalbos eiškiniai išpli ę am i- con ined o he e i o y o he ho izon. The aim o he s udy was o co e he poin s o he Li huanian Language A las (LKA). A he beginning o he 21s cen u y, when Li huania began o de elop geolinguis ics and ecognized ha he e we e many ansi ional a ian s be ween he dialec s and he common language, he sociolinguis ic a iable o he 21s gene a ion was included in he me hodological ins umen o language analysis. This and o he sociolinguis ic A icles o he T ea y P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis a iables enable s udies o he dis ibu ion o a iables cha ac e izing he e ical con inuum […] g adual hanks […] (Willemyns, Bis e 1989: 541; Be u o 2010: 235[…]236; This is he case in he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, whe e he Cou o Fi s Ins ance uled on he compa ibili y o he aid wi h he in e nal ma ke . The in e ac ion be ween local language a ian s and he common language was upda ed in 2018-2020 when he linguis ic si ua ion o Kaunas dis ic was s udied by scien is s o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e Geolinguis ics Cen e 1 and in pildomi duomenys būsimajam Ta mynui2. Tuome geoling is ikos me odais 2020-2021 when he ho izon al and e ical agmen a ion o he Pakaun a ea was collec ed and discussed (Bakšienė 2021: 73) This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has been consul ed on his ma e . In he cou se o hese in es iga ions, a en ion was d awn o he a eas a ound he Kaunas Sea, which in 2020 he au ho o his a icle also isi ed when collec ing žmonių, iki XX a. šeš ojo dešim mečio gy enusių Nẽmuno slėnyje; jį užliejus, 1959 m. bu o su o muo os Kaũno mã ios (plačiau ž . Šidlauskas 2021: 37–57 i en nu ody a li e a ū a). Iškeldin i iš sa o gy enamųjų ie o ių, dugniečiai3 dažniausiai mig a o į a imas apylinkes, odėl ikė ina, kad jie i jų palikuonys he language ma e ial: i was possible o sea ch o and p ese e he au hen ic local language cha ac e is ics ha we e cha ac e is ic o he Kaunas Sea- illed illages. his is he i s dialec ological- econs uc ional s udy in Li huania co e ing he des uc ion and o ced e ic ion o esiden ial e i o y. In 2020, 53 esponden s we e in e iewed and abou 50 hou s o con e sa ions we e eco ded. The ma e ial unde in es iga ion in his a icle a e audio eco dings o wo hou s and 34 minu es o con e sa ion be ween wo di e en membe s o he same amily, including pa en s and child en. The book is based on ou na a o s om he yea s 66 o 100 AD. Two amilies ha e been selec ed, he elde s o which a e he eldes o all he speake s. A heo e ical model was de eloped on he basis o ou speake s, which will be applied o all esponden s la e (in subsequen s udies). Thus, he subjec o his a icle is he language o he people (and hei descendan s) who came om he bo om o he Sea o Galilee; See also able 1. 1 The in es iga ion was pa ially suppo ed by he Kaunas Dis ic Municipali y. Head o In es iga ion […] P o . habil. d . The Danguolė I 's called Mikulėnienė. 2 P ojec "C ea ion o a model o Li huanian local language a ian s", led by D . Agnė Čepai ienė. Funded by he S a e Li huanian Language Commission (P og amme o he Use, S anda diza ion and Dissemina ion o he S a e Li huanian Language). Access o he In e ne : h ps: a mynas.lki.l (connec ion wi h an accoun ). 3 This is he name gi en o he people who li ed in he Nemunas Valley be o e he lood (in he p esen -day Kaunas Sea bo om) (in o ma ion om Ramunė Miki ieje a, chie specialis o he Kaunas Sea Regional Pa k Visi o Cen e; In e iew wi h he au ho 2020-09-14, eco ding s o ed in he Ta mių A chi e o he Geolinguis ics Cen e o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e. ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS 214 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX and i s annexes One LENTEL. Families o applican s and hei place o esidence4 Applican s Du a ion o he eco ding Kilmė place Dab. place o esidence The Fi s šeima Rumš_M_1930 1 al. 11 min. 0 s. Rumšiškės Rumšiškės Rumš_V_1954 The second amily Šlie_V_1920 1 hou 23 minu es 19 seconds D a eliškės Šliena a Šlie_M_1951 The supplie s li e on di e en sho es o he sea. The cu en (pe e ed) inhabi an s o Rušiški be o e he lood li ed in he old Rušiški own, (bo h he o Šlienã os gy en ojai y a kilę iš D a ẽliškių (kaimo, bu usio a p Rušiškių old and he cu en ) and Šlienã a. Cu en ly, Rušiškės belongs o he Rušiškių seniūnija, Kaišiado i dis ic , and Šliena à is pa o he Samyl seniūnija, Kaunas dis ic . These a e he wo LKA poin s […] Rušiškių (LKA536) and Má gininkų (LKA553) (see also Figu e 1.) The composi ion o he applican s ollows he mi o p inciple: he mo he (Rumš_M_1930) and son (Rumš_V_1954) and he a he (Šlie_V_1920) and daugh e (Šlie_M_1951) a e in e iewed. They can be desc ibed as siblings, only son Rumš_V_1954 wo ks in Kaunas. See he language cha ac e is ics o he esponden s in Chap e 4 o he "Language cha ac e is ics o he esponden s". The analysis o he ma e ial chosen o his a icle also helps o achie e he s a ed goal - o e eal he ho izon al and e ical peculia i ies o he Kauno Sea bo om and he Pama ian dialec . Since he age di e ence be ween he oldes and he younges esponden was […] 36 yea s (see Figu e 2), he collec ed linguis ic ma e ial e eals no only he linguis ic ends o he eal ime bu also hose o he obse ed ime, which u he ein o ces he e ical axis o he s udy. The objec i es o be achie ed a e: (1) o examine he linguis ic cha ac e is ics o he olde and younge speaking popula ion belonging o wo amilies in 2020; (2) o desc ibe he bo om o he Kaunas Sea and he Pama io zone e ically (di e en imes) a he le el. 4 Pa eikėjai užkoduo i šia a ka: ie o ės san umpa, ly is, gimimo me ai. P z., Rušiškėse gy e- nan i mo e is, gimusi 1930 m.: Rumš_M_1930. 5 Residences a he bo om o he Kaunas Sea Valdo U banić's map is shown in he s o y. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: www.a cgis.com/home_i em.h ml?id=c55688a269934e This is 1 95d90bee099467c5. 6 Acco ding o Ta min, Šliena à alls in o wo poin s: he la ge pa belongs o he A mãliškai poin (LKA534), he smalle one o Má gininkų (LKA553). The au ho s o his a icle li e in Má gininkų Poin (LKA553). A icles by A icle 215 P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis 1 PAV. O he The LKA poin s o be examined Me hodology o he s udy. As al eady men ioned, he analysis o he language selec ed di e en g amma s. Thus, he adi ional NORM c i e ion is no ollowed7. This p ac ice has been obse ed in Li huania in he pas , al hough i has been applied o s udies o mul icul u al amilies (see mo e widely Mikulėnienė, Poce ičiū ė 2018). By selec ing speake s om he same amily, no only can he language cha ac e is ics o speake s be iden i ied, bu also acciden al (o indi idualized) use cases o hem a e a oided. I is pa icula ly desi able o b eak away om hem in an a emp o econs uc he local a ian o he language. The small numbe o esponden s allows he modeling o he cha ac e is ics o he local language, and his model can la e be supplemen ed wi h da a om o he esponden s. 1. The T ial o he E e nal Typos Speci ically As al eady men ioned in he Ac , he ho izon al and e ical dimensions in ela ion o he submi e p o ide no only he possibili y o eco ding eal- ime linguis ic ac s, bu also 7 English non-mobile olde u al male. This c i e ion is ela ed o he s a ic image o he medium. F om NORM's poin o iew, he app op ia e in o man is an elde ly, se led u al man (Aliūkai ė, Mikulėnienė 2014: 32). ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS 216 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX p ieigą p ie s ebimojo laiko duomenų, . y. ski ingo amžiaus g upių a minių he cha ac e is ics. The obse a ion ime pe spec i e is ein o ced by he ac ha he ac ual ime o he su ey o applican s is […] 2020, i.e. one hund ed yea s a e he bi h o he main applican and 61 yea s a e he li ing om he looding o he Nemunas Valley (see Fig. 2). 2 PAV. O he Yea o bi h o he applican s om he pe spec i e o eal and obse ed ime Guided by he ypology o he p ojec 2011-2014 a he ime o he looding o he Nemunas Valley (1959), he applican s belonged o he middle and younge gene a ion (o we e no ye bo n) In 2020, a he ime o he su ey, all (including a ew o he descendan s o he speake s) had al eady become ep esen a i es o he olde gene a ion nebė a. Tačiau, kaip minė a, amžiaus ski umas a p y iausių i jauniausių pa- […] i.e. olde han 50 yea s. The emaining li ing people, belonging o he olde gene a ion o 1959 […] al eady su icien p o ide s […] po en ial pa en s and child en o language di e ences (simila ) disclosed9. Pa en s ( ega dless o age) a e assigned o he olde gene a ion, and child en a e assigned o he younge gene a ion. Such ypology e lec s he gene a ion no only om a sociolinguis ic bu also om a demog aphic poin o iew, hus allowing o cla i y he possible damage o he local a ian o he pa a mė […] i s s eng hening o weakening by analyzing he da a in obse a ion ime. 8 […] Con empo a y geolinguis ic esea ch in Li huania: op imiza ion o he poin ne wo k and in e ac i e dissemina ion o language in o ma ion[…] (VP1-3.1-ŠMM-07-K-01-028), headed by P o . D . (HP) D. Mikulėnienė. Funded unde he EU p og amme Suppo o scien i ic ac i i ies o scien is s and o he esea che s ( isual g an ). 9 The age ypology in s udies may a y depending on demog aphic and o he ac o s (Bakšienė 2021: 74). In he de elopmen o he Ta myno model, which is planned o be applied in he u u e o he s udy o he en i e Li huanian language a ea, he age o he gene a ion has also been adjus ed: he olde gene a ion is assigned o hose o e 60 yea s o age (ins ead o 50 yea s), and he a e age is […] 31[…]59 yea s (Bakšienė 2021: 74). A icles by A icles 217 P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis 2. The e i o y o he Republic o Moldo a The eme gence o he Kauno Sea made he Pakaun a ea a speci ic esea ch ield. Due o he cons uc ion o a hyd oelec ic powe plan in he 1960s, which displaced he local popula ion om he Nemun Valley ( he bo om o he o me Kaunas Sea), mos o he people mo ed o nea by a eas, so in 2020 he la ges concen a ion o hem was eco ded in he Pami . As men ioned, he dugne s unde in es iga ion in he wo a icles li e in Šlienã a (Samyl sen., on he le bank o he Ma i), in he PiliuonõsSamyl a ea ( he a ea is named a e he common- a min language hea h (Bakšienė 2021: gy ena Rušiškėse – dešiniajame ma ių k an e (ž . 3 pa .). 3 PAV. Pa eikėjų lokacija i iškeldinimo k yp ys 81). Judging om he o he wo Li huanian dialec classi ica ions, he expec ed dialec a ea uni y (see chap e 3) is expec ed. On he o he hand, in he ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX highligh s he inconsis encies o some linguis ic cha ac e is ics and he possible ansg ession o he a ea o supo ų nuojan is p iedzūkis. Taigi ho izon aliuoju lygmeniu e i o ija nė a isiškai homogeniška: ai aka- aukš aičių, which con ains 218 linguis ic cha ac e is ics o sou he n highlande s. 3. The e m o he TIRIAMOJO PLOTO YPATYB A he end o he 19 h cen u y, An anas Ba anauskas a ibu ed his a ea o he i s sou he ne s (Ba ano skij 1898: 49[…]51; see also Ge žo ai ė 487, see also Ge žo ai ė 487), in he i s hal o he 20 h cen u y, An anas Salys […] o he middle-aged people (Salys: 1933: 21[…]34; Salys: 1992: 109[…]11), and in he second hal o he 20 h cen u y, Zigmas Zinke ičius and Aleksas Gi denis […] o he middle-aged people (Zinke ičius: 139[…]19614). The dialec is s o he special y o he e ening a e he ones who ha e eco ded he ela ionship be ween he Nêmuno […], which is he ansi ion be ween he e ening high school and he a e noon high school. Mikulėnienė, Salienė main subu b, 2005: 114[…]116. The cen ais į a dijami Balbiẽ iškis, P enai, B š onas, Kaišiadó ys (Bace ičiū ė, municipali y is loca ed in he municipali y o Mikulėnienė, Salienė. ma e ial o di e en pe iods, he ep esen a i es o his a ea a e dis inguished by a he b igh phone ic ea u es: (1) as he highligh s o he e enings, ins ead o he balsio e ( o me ly he nosine o he nose) some imes he i (i·) (e.g., eñ […] i·, exsigañdęs […] isiga[…]dis) (Salys 1933: 31; 1992: 113; Zinke ičius 1966: 82 and k . ; I 's called he Bace ichiu , he Mikulėnienė, he Salienė. 2005: 116); (2) ins ead o […] […] […] (e.g., […]žuolas […] ú·žuolas, g ž as […] g ūš as) (Salys 1992: 113; Mo kūnas 1994: 85–86 i k .); (3) žodžio p adžios e a liepia kaip a (p z., eke  – ake ·, eše ỹs – aše ·s) (Zinke ičius 1966: 121122, 449; Bace ičiū ė, Mikulėnienė, Salienė2005: This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, li ed in o a e cu en ly esiding in Li huania. 114); (4) as in he la ge high- ise pa o he es a e, o en ex ends he i s igh - i ing double-b eas ed sui s i, u (e.g., d b i d ·p , s ùm i s úm· ) (Zinke ičius 1966: 107 and k . ; The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. 114); (5) he ha dness o he ba ie (e.g., he h eshold […] ladas, he h eshold […] lái.s ) (Zinke ičius 1966: 160[…]161; Salys 1992: 109[…]111; Bace ičiū ė, Mikulėnienė, Salienė 2005: This is he i s ime ha his has happened. 116); A icles and a icles 219 P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis (6) gali a i a i esnius balsius ė, o (bga – b·ga, óks – ·ks) (Zinke ičius 1966: 71, 74–75; Bace ičiū ė, Mikulėnienė, Salienė 2005: 116)10. O he mo phological ea u es, he ollowing should be men ioned: (7) The end o he bene icia y o he masculine genus o singula nouns may be -u (e.g., põnui põnu) (Zinke ičius 1966: 248; Bace ičiū ė, Mikulėnienė, Salienė 2005: 116); (8) in ances al cons uc ions […] some imes he end […] i (un il damaged (un il dangaus), un il b oken […] un il s uck (un il s uck) (Bace ičiū ė, Mikulėnienė, Salienė 2005: 116); (9) may be used in he o m o a hyphen (e.g. iduñ, šliūbañ) (Zinke ičius 1966: 200, 2005 […]210; Bace ičiū ė, Mikulėnienė, Salienė 209: 116); Ano he peculia i y o he p e ix is he change o he ending o he wo d " hing" o "u a" (e.g., sesuõ […] sesu à, anduõ […] andu à) (Zinke ičius 1966: 86[…]87; Salys 1992: 113; Mo kūnas 1994: 87); This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. In his a icle, based on a heo e ical model based on he en cha ac e is ics o he in e media e p e ix, he deepe language is cha ac e ized. 4. Responden calls Cha ac e is ics In a 2020 su ey o ou speake s, i was ound ha he e a e ea u es o p e-school in he memo y. The ma e ial […] eco ded 2 hou s and 34 minu es o con e sa ions wi h wo speake s om Ruiškių (LKA536 poin ) and wo speake s om Šlienā a (Má gininkų (LKA553) poin ) […] compa ed wi h he use o Li huanian language a i udes in 1982 […] checked om he obse e 's ime pe spec i e. laso“ (LKA) „Fone ikos“ žemėlapiais i jų komen a ais. Taip p iedzūkio ypa- Acco ding o he a chi es o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e Geolinguis ics Cen e Ta mių, Rušiškių 10 These examples a e p esen ed as indica ed in he quo ed sou ces ( he usual kopenhagine ansc ip ion in Li huanian dialec ology). Examples will be w i en o cha ac e ize he speech o he speake s palaipsniui įsigalinčios a p au inės one inės abėcėlės (TFA) ašmenimis. Plačiau apie TFA ž . Bakšienė, Čepai ienė 2017; Bakšienė 2018. ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS 226 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. 10 PAV. O he The L.K.A. Phone ic Map No. 20 is a agmen o he Kamino-P ajp adji. The LKA "Phone ics" map No. 20 o 1982 essen ially e lec s he wo ho izon al le els […] he uni y o he a ea om a synch onous poin o iew, and when combined wi h he 2020 da a […] and diach onic ( om he pe spec i e o obse ed ime). 4.4. P iebalsio l kie inimas Ano he a he s iking ea u e o he Pama a is he ha dening o he ibs. In 2020, he species was ound on bo h coas s o he sea. See also able 4. 4 LENTEL[…]. Wha is i ? S i ening o he ib cage In he case o a Membe S a e whose cu ency is he eu o and which is no a membe o he eu o a ea, he Commission shall adop implemen ing ac s laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. p1ɑˈlɑɪdo (x2); and n1ˈlɑɪdji; also known as n1ˈlɑɪdji […]1[…]lɑ[…]ɪ[…]jɛ; also known as […]1[…]lɑ[…] p1ɑˈlɑɪd (shūʋius); also known as I'm no going o lie o you. l[…]ɪˈdjɪmɑ[…]; also known as l[…]ɪˈdɪmo[…]; also known as l[…]ɪmo[…] […]lɑsjɪn[…]m (also known as) This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. he ollowing able is inse ed: […]Jɛˈlɑs; also known as […]Jɛˈlɑs[…] l[…]nj1[…] jiːno[…]s; also known as l[…]nj1[…]no[…]s This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. S aipsniai / A icles 227 P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis In he sp ing o 2020, I was asked o do a lo o esea ch in a ious posi ions. Th ee o he ou speake s emphasize he accen , bu no qui e consis en ly (excep ions occu ). Acco ding o he abundance o examples, he l is mainly ha dened in he speech o Šlie_V_1920, bu in he wo ds i is aised, no aised, aised and so ened. The l is ha dened all he ime. As in he case o he o e ejec ion, he impo ance o he gene a ion is again highligh ed: i should be no ed ha he pe son bo n in 1951 did no ecei e he o e a all, and he pe son bo n in 1954 ecei ed i only once. The ha dening o he p ebalsium is mapped in se e al 1982 LKA "Phone ics" maps. He e is No. 15 […] he s one e, ei a e he balcony l (e.g., ligh s, ligh s); See 11 pa ., o žemėlapyje N . 72 – kamieno n po l; ž . 12 pa . also On he le bank ( hus also in Šlienã ej […] Má gininkų (LKA553) poin ) bo h e(i) and a(i) a e eco ded, and on he igh bank (Rušiškėse, LKA536) […] only a(i) (LKA II 3334). Thus, he Russian l be o e e(i) is always ha dened. In 2020, he end was main ained in […] Šlienã oje (Má gininkų (LKA553) poin ) which is ha de han in Rušiškės (LKA536). Ano he case o an i-balance ha dening is discussed in he 1982 LKA "Phone ics" map No. 72 (see Fig. 12). Unlike he map No. 15 (Fig. 11), i eco ds he s one en po l (LKA II 8889). In 1982, appa en ha dening was mapped on bo h banks, bu Šliena à (Má gininkų (LKA553) poin ) is conside ed he bounda y om which he ha dening o he coas begins. This ea u e is ound only in he hanksgi ing Rumš_M_1930 speech, in he wo d len ýnos: lnj1ˈ jiːnos; […]l[…]nj1[…] jiːnuː (see also able 4). The e o e, i is assumed ha he a ian o he common language (minkš asis p iebalsis l p ieš en) could ha e been acqui ed on he le bank as a as Ma i. The ma e ial is based on he 1982 LKA "Phone ics" maps No. 15 and No. 28; i is lapiuose, be i 2014 m. monog a ijoje (Mikulėnienė, Meiliūnai ė, sud., 2014); ž . 13 pa . indica ed ha he a ea o consump ion o he P ibalsia emained he same as i was in he second hal o he 20 h cen u y, bu his phone ic ea u e is e e ed o as ex inc , bes p ese ed in he wo ds o he oldes gene a ion (Bakšienė, Žo ai ė, Leskauskai ė 2014: 255). One o he ea u es o he o ecas is he mo e open oice o he alleged o e s, and he 2020 poll o he g a e ul did no occu in he speech. The 1982 LKA […]Phone ics[…] maps o Rušiškėse (LKA536) and Šlienã oje (Má gininkų (LKA553) also do no ep esen he mo e open spoken language (mo e abou spoken language in Slo akia) mą ž .: LKA II 44–58). ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS Ac a Linguis ica 228 Li huanica LXXXIX is he i s o i s kind in he Eu opean Union. 11 PAV. O he L.K.A. Phone ic Map No. 15 agmen om he yea 1982 po p iebalsio l The 12 h PAV. L.K.A. Phone ics map No. 72 agmen om he Kamino and he Po A icles by A icles 229 P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis 13 PAV. This is he X agmen o he map: he s one e, ei, ė unde he balcony l 4.5. Mo phological ea u es Gi en he phone ic cha ac e is ics, i is sugges ed ha he local language a ian has no comple ely disappea ed, bu he mo phological da a indica e a d as ic change in he e ical con inuum, o he obse ed ime scale. Mo phological examples a e pa icula ly ela ed o he age o he speake s. Al hough he wo oldes speake s a e heo e ically assigned o he same gene a ion (age di e ence […] en yea s), he e minological da a is no homogeneous. Th ee mo phological ea u es we e hea d in he go e nmen spokespe son's speech, one in he eenage spokespe son's speech […], and no mo phological ea u es o he p e ix we e hea d in he younge spokespe son's speech a all; See also able 5. ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS 230 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXXIX 5 LENTEL[…]. Wha is i ? Mo phological cha ac e is ics o he language o he submi e s Ilia y as Daik a a džio The male line o he ba h oom, which was bene icia y's a m p o ided by he Daik a a džių monas e y - he name is changed o -u a Šlie_V_1920 ʋjiɛ1ˈnɑm 1ˈsuːn mjɪˈjkjæljɪn sjsˈʋɑ lima sie i ieną 1982 m. LKA […]Fone ikos[…] map […] No. 67 (LKA II Rumš_M_1930 jʲɛʊˈnʲɪmʊ - - Su mo ologine ypa ybe – daik a a džio baigmeniu -u a ie oje -uo – ga- 82[…]83); See also Figu e 14. 5 The able shows ha he ea u e was de ec ed in Šlienã a (Má gininkų (poin LKA553) is inse ed. 14 PAV. This is he The LCA map No. 67 agmen : open limbs c ossed because in 1982 he LCA […]Phone ics[…] map No. 67 ba h - and o en in 2020 su eying esiden s comple ely did no ind limbs in iksuo as, ši ypa ybė laiky ina nyks ančia13. he accesso y cons uc ions, bu his was no su p ising, because o he esea che s also indica e ha i occu s only occasionally (Bace ičiū ė, Mikulė, Salienė 2005: 116). 13 LKA […]Phone ics[…] map No. 67 has a e minal - and i 's mapped on bo h sides o he sea, so i 's čiau Má gininkų (LKA553) punk e už iksuo as ik žodis šu à. S aipsniai / A icles 231 P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis Like phone ic and mo phological cha ac e is ics, he o osena does no ela e o a speci ic place o esidence. 4.6. Dis ibu ion o e minological ea u es on he e ical con inuum See he lis o in e media e p ope ies o he aces by equency on he e ical con inuum. 15 o his Regula ion. 15 PAV. O he The (non) exis ence o he de ini e a icle in igu e 15 indica es he absence o he p e ix de ini e a icle: he ini ial owel e is hea d as a in h ee o he ou cases, and he second de ini e a icle […] balsio […] is no hea d as […] (uː) […]. The ounda ion o p ejudice is he s onges in he speech o he g ea es p aise make s. The language o hei child en bo n in he six ies has a e cha ac e is ics, used o he i s language wi h a ian s o he common language; he smalles ea u es o he […] younges con ibu o (Rumš_V_1954) in he speech. On he o he hand, i should be no ed ha he is s ill a ough guy, unlike he h ee-yea -old olde hank you Sly_M_1951. Since he dis inc i e cha ac e is ics o g amma s a y in he language (some imes ega dless o egion o gene a ion), he g amma ical signs a e hough o ha e been eplaced by he g amma ical signs (see he concep o g amma ical ma ks in Mikulėnienė 2019: 60). ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS 232 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX Te i o iniu lygmeniu (ho izon aliajame kon inuume) nė a endencingų o- he ne di e ences. Thus, he inhabi an s o he wo a eas a he bo om o he Kaunas Sea - he D a eliškiai and he Rušiškiai - had o speak he same language. The Appendices Two geolinguis ic le els ha e been upda ed in he a icle he ho izon al le el o he a ea and he e ical le el o he gene a ion. A hese le els, based on a heo e ical model based on en cha ac e is ics o he in e media e p e ix, he linguis ic cha ac e is ics o he p esen e s we e examined. In he ho izon al con inuum, he ea u es o he phone ic p e ix a e used ai ly e enly […] on he le and igh edges o he Kaunas Sea […] in Šliena a (Má gininkų (LKA553 poin ) and Rušiškėse (LKA536) […] does no ind a capi al (o as in (iː), he endencingų) a minių ski umų. Abiejuose k an uose balsis e (ę) a liepiamas oice e is p onounced as a a he beginning o wo ds, he i s i m p eposi ions o he double owels i, u, ki a e ex ensi ely ex ended. F om he poin o iew o obse ed ime, he da a ( he cha ac e is ics ha a e s ill ound in he speech o he speake s) essen ially coincide wi h he 1982 LKA […]Phone ics[…] maps (in 2020 he p onuncia ion cha ac e is ics occu (and) in di e en wo ds han indica ed in he 1982 LKA […]Phone ics[…] maps). The e is di e si y in he e ical con inuum. All he owels ex end he i s wo owels o he consonan s i, u. The ini ial owel o he wo d e as a co esponds o h ee o he ou (excep o he younges one). All bu he second younges submi ed he applica ion. Ins ead o e ( o me ly nosinio ę), he oice in (iː) is h ee owels. The e is no e idence o any o he ea u es (i is commonly assumed ha hey ha e disappea ed o disappea ed): he e is no e idence o any o he ea u es as ų (uː); No a single esponden o ed, and I didn' o e openly. Pap as ai y esni gy en ojai y a išlaikę daugiau a minių b uožų – ši enden- cija ypač a skleis a mo ologinių ypa ybių a osenoje: y iausiojo pa eikėjo (g. Th ee mo phological ea u es ha e been ound in he language: he masculine gende o he daik a a ds o he same amily, he galunė -u (ɛjiɑ1ˈnɛm 1ˈsuːn), he ilia ic (mjɪˈjkjæljn), he ba h o he daik a a ds (sjɑsˈʋu) 1920. In he language o he younge gene a ion o he en h yea , only he masculine amily o wo ds is hea d, one-syllable ending -u (jjɛˈnjɪm). The e is no e idence o mo phological cha ac e is ics in he language o people bo n in 1951 and 1954. I can be said ha D a ėliškės and Rušiskės belonged o he same e i o y o he […] p iedzūki un il he expulsion. The heo y and me hods o loca ions whe e he enches A icles by A icles 233 P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis (Poin LKA553) and Rušiškės (Poin LKA536), also conside ed as a single e minus o he e i o y o he sub- egion. I 's a wo- amily language. Sukū us p iedzūkio ypa ybėmis g įs ą eo inį modelį, s aipsnyje išanalizuo- La e , he econs uc ion o he local language a ian o he a ea unde in es iga ion will be based on his model. LITERATŪRA Aliūkai ė Dai a, Mikulėnienė Danguolė 2014: Geoling is ika: ideologi- we e exca a ed. The basic concep s. […] Geolinguis ic and sociolinguis ic s udy o Li huanian languages a he beginning o he 21s cen u y (land maps and hei commen s), D. Mikulėnienė, V. Meiliūnai ė, Vilnius: B iedis, 29[…]47. Bace ičiū ė Rima, Mikulėnienė Danguolė, Salienė Vilija 2005: Highe seconda y schools o he Wes Kaunas and Klaipėda egion, Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e. Bakšienė Rima, Čepai ienė Agnė 2017: Oppo uni ies o he applica ion o he In e na ional Phone ic Alphabe o he sounds o Li huanian dialec s. Bal is ica 52(1), 105135. This is no he case. I is also impo an o no e ha he Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k is based on he p inciple o p opo ionali y. 2023-05-29]. Bakhshien Rima, Ge žo ai ė Lau a, Leskauskai ė As a 2014: X map and commen a y. This is he i s ime ha he ilm has been shown in hea e s. […] Beginning o he 21s cen u y (žemėlapiai i jų komen a ai), sud. D. Mikulėnienė, V. Meiliūnai ė, Vilnius: B iedis, 255. Li huanian language: geolinguis ic and sociolinguis ic s udy Bakšienė Rima 2021: linguis ic a ian s o Kaunas dis ic […] The basis o he c ea ion o he […]Ta myno[…] model. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: www.zu nalai. u.l espec -philologicus/a icle/ iew/21920-23210 [see also 2023-05-30]. Bakshene Rima 2017: T ansc ip ion o Li huanian ad ice in TFA symbols: high- ise buildings in he e ening. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 77, 237 […]254 […] This Decision is add essed o he Membe S a es. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: Ba ano skij An onij J. 1898: Бaрaновскiй, Aнтoнiй Я. Замѣтки о литовскомъ языкѣ и словарѣ [Zamě ki o li o skom’ jazikě i slo a ě], Санктпетербургъ: Типографiя jou nals.lki.l /9ac alinguis icali huanica h ps: a icle/ iew/83728 [ iewed 2023-06-08]. The Impe ial Academy o Sciences is loca ed in S . Pe e sbu g. The Academy o Sciences. Be u o Gae ano 2010: S uc u e and dynamics o a language space: 13. Iden i ying dimensions o linguis ic a ia ion in a language space. […] Language and Space. An in e na ional handbook o linguis ic a ia ion, ol. 1, heo ies and me hods. ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS 234 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Lau a Ge žo ai ė 2016: A s udy o he classi ica ion o Li huanian dialec s om a geolinguis ic poin o iew: dak a o dise acija, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as. LKA II – Lie u ių kalbos a lasas 2: Fone ika, au . E. G ina eckienė, A. Jonai y ė, J. Lipskienė, K. Mo kūnas, M. Razmukai ė, B. Vanagienė, A. Vidugi is, a sak. ed. K. Mo kūnas, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1982. LKASMRK […] Ins i u e o Li huanian Language o he USSR o Li huania, Regis e o Ma e ials Collec ed o he Li huanian Language A las (published in 1952). I is kep in he Ta mių a chi e o he Geolinguis ics Cen e o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e. Mykolaienė Danguolė, 2019: Nomencla u e o he ea u es o he e minology: om he signs o he e minology o he signs o he e minology. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Mikulė Danguolė 2022: His o y o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e 2: annexa ion o he dic iona y, Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian Language. Mikulėnienė Danguolė, Meiliūnai ė Viole a, sud., 2014: Li huanian languages a he beginning o he 21s cen u y: geolinguis ic and sociolinguis ic s udy (land maps and hei commen s), Vilnius: I 's he b ead. Mo kūnas Kazys 1994: Because o he p e-judgmen and i s limi s. Li huanian language ques ions 34, 84-92. I is a ailable online a : h ps: www.jou nals.lki.l ac alinguis icali huanica/a icle iew/ 1465/59 [ iewed on 2023-06-07]. An enna o he Hall 1933: A ew no es on he his o y o he halls. […] A chi um 21–34. Philologicum 4, Salys An anas 1992: W i ings o he Li huanian language, Rome: Li huanian Ca holic Academy o Sciences. Shidulash Zhyd ūnas: Recons uc i e aspec s o he bo om o he Kaunas Sea. […] P o iles o Li huanian dialec ology: egional a ian s o he beginning o he 21s cen u y, hei ela ions and pe spec i es, V. Meiliūnai ė, A. Čepai ienė, D. Damb auskienė, Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian Language, 45[…]70. The ollowing is an uploads/2022/01/Lie u iu-dialek ologijos-p o iliai-1.pd [žiū ė a 2023-05-30]. exce p om he a icle "Ubiso : The Rise and Fall o he So ie Union" published in he jou nal Ubiso .o g: "Ubiso : The Rise and Fall o he So ie Union." The cen u y-old his o y o he bo om o he Kaunas Sea. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. A icles by A icle 235 P iedzūkio a minių ypa ybių ekons ukcija ho izon aliajame i e ikaliajame kon inuume: Kauno ma ių dugno a ejis Willemyns Roland, Bis e Helga 1989: The Language Con inuum as a This is a mul idimensional concep . […] S a us and Func ion o Languages and Language Va ie ies, Be lin, New Yo k: Wal e de G uy e , 541 […] 551. Zigmas Zinke ičius, Gi denis Aleksas 1966: Because o he classi ica ion o he Li huanian language. […] Language 14, 139 […] 147. […] Wha is he meaning o he name […]? Zinke ičius Zigmas 1966: Li huanian dialec ology: compa a i e phone ics and mo phology o he dialec s, Vilnius: Min is. The Recons uc ion o he P iedzūkis Dialec al Fea u es in Ho izon al and Ve ical Con inuum: he Case o he Bo om o he Kaunas Lagoon Summa y The a icle p esen s he speci ics o he age ypology o he subjec s om he pe spec i e o appa en ime. Gene a ional issues a e in oduced. The esiden ial a ea o he in o man s is con ex ualised, and di ec ions o mig a ion o he popula ion e ic ed om he bo om o Kaunas Lagoon a e p o ided. The dialec al cha ac e is ics o he s udy a ea a e discussed. Taking in o conside a ion ha he s udy a ea is a ansi ional a ea be ween he Wes e n Aus onesian subdialec o Kaunas and he Sou he n Aus onesian subdialec (and is o be conside ed o be he P ijedo subdialec a ea), a heo e ical model based on en P ijedo dialec al ea u es is de eloped. Based on he de eloped heo e ical model, he language o he in o man s ( wo amilies) is cha ac e ised. Dissemina ion o dialec al da a in he ho izon al and e ical con inuum is shown. The da a collec ed in 2020 is compa ed o he linguis ic ac s o he maps in Phone ics (LKA 1982). The ma e ial om di e en pe iods is homogeneous in mos cases […] he shi s in he use o dialec al (phone ic) ea u es a e small. Based on he da a a he ime o appa en , a econs uc i e amewo k o unde s and he local a ia ion o he subdialec a he bo om o he Kaunas Lagoon is c ea ed. Deli e ed on 9 Augus 2023. ŽYDRŪNAS ŠIDLAUSKAS Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as This is a lis o ai po s in Li huania, g ouped by ype and so ed by loca ion.