A icles by A icles 77
SANDRALUKŠAITĖ-RAMONIENĖ
Vilniausuni e si e as
Resea ch a eas include Li huanian accen ology,
dialec ology, onomas ics, and educa ional s udies.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The Uni e si y o Vilnius
ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0001-9451-5993 Di ec ions o scien i ic
esea ch: his o ical accen ology o he Bal ic Sla s, compa a i e
g amma o he Bal ic languages, p us ics, and La ian.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Li huanian language
Pe o mance on he spo
- (I) The aid by UOTI KIRCHIAVIMO
Accen ua ion His o y o
Li huanian Ve bs in - (i) o
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle discusses he Li huanian language's use o e bs wi h p eposi ions - (i) o ansla e he
hy hm o he p eposi ions, compa ing he da a o hese days' e minology, commonplace and
ansli e a ed old ex s wi h he econs uc ion o he p o e b s a e. In mode n language, e bs -
(i) o ansla e he p eposi ions a e cha ac e is ic o Vedic p eposi ions, while in non-Vedic sou ces,
he p eposi ions a e cha ac e is ic o non-Vedic p eposi ions.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
78 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI (Linguis ic Ac o Li huania) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
ESMINIAI WORDS: Li huanian language, his o ical accen ology, adjec i es, accen s, accen s,
ci cles, ci cles, accen s, domina ion, iconic unc ion, me a onici y.
ANNOTATION
The a icle deals wi h he accen ua ion his o y o  Li huanian e bs in -(i)uo i by
compa ingda a ommode ndialec s, hes anda dlanguage,andaccen ua edold ex s
wi h he econs uc eds a eo a ai sin hep o o-language.Inmode nLi huanian, e bs
in -(i)uo ia echa ac e izedbys esson hesu ix,while a iousa es edcaseso non-su ix
s ess es i y o heg adualdisappea anceo  his ypeo accen ua ionand hees ablishmen 
Some cases o non-su ix s ess can be conside ed a chaisms (e.g., de i a i es om nouns o accen ual
pa adigm 1), while o he s could be o a la e o igin, e.g., e bs o he ypes lku iuo i and ba uo i (wi h oo
ci cum lex as an iconic ma ke o p olonged ac ion). The la e ype is cha ac e ized by a la ge dialec al
a ie y o accen ual ypes, and mos o he a icle is de o ed o he s udy o his a ie y. KEYWORDS:
Li huanian, his o ical accen ology, su ixed e bs, accen ual ype, acu e, ci cum lex, accen ual dominance,
iconic unc ion, me a ony.
1.In oduc ion o he wo k
§ 1 The common Li huanian e b e b e b - (i) o be assigned o he class o dominan
s ong e bs: i s e bs a e usually cha ac e ized by he e b ki is, ega dless o he
ype o e b c ea ion, meaning o he spelling o he oo wo d, e.g. kain-úo- i (← káin-a
1), bals-úo- i (← bas-as 4); audon-úo- i (← audón-as), gy -úo- i (← gý -as 3); až-iúo- i (←
ž- i) e c.
Excep ions a e made excep o some e bs wi h ex ended p eposi ion a ian s (usually de e ba y ai
wi h -ul-iu i, -u -iu i), which unde cu en ules can be p onounced bo h in he p eposi ion and in he
oo (e.g. nyk-ul-iúo- i nĩk-ul-iuo- i; lūk-u -iúo- i lk-u -iuo-i a ian s; snyg-u -iúo- i leksĩg-u -i sn- i)
Because o he oo ci cle o he oo , he oo ci cle is usually p onounced […].
nỹk- i),me a oninis(p z.,lk-u iuo- i←láuk- i)a naujaia si adęspailgėju-
siame balsyje (p z., snỹg-u iuo- i ← snìg- i). Pa ieniuose denomina y uose,
A icles o he 79 h
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
In a chaisms, he oo o he base wo d is usually acu e, e.g. a puč-iúo- i á puč-iuo- i
←pu -is 1. In olde no ma i e wo ks (e.g. Laigonai ė 1978: 792 o DLKŽ in ea lie edi ions)
only he oo o such wo ds is indica ed ki is, and he decimal encoding o he
codi ica ion is only seen in he las en yea s (see DLKŽ se en h edi ion; see also VLKK
ecommenda ions 2005 and 2013).
2. he A chdiocese o he Chu ch o he Holy Sepulch e
J […] KILM […] Wha is he name o he song?
§ 3. The e is no doub ha in ancien imes he oo ( iksliau, ounda ion s one)
ki is p iesagos -(i)uo i ediniuose bu ęs ge okai dažnesnis nei šiuolaikinėje
kalboje.
Fo example, Mikhail Daukša also w o e: apìjuok-uo- i, ãša -uo- i, mėlyn-uo- i,
pánč-iuo- i, audon-uo- i, and pe haps also ãka -uo- i4 (plg. Ska džius)
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The ollowing de ini ions a e used in he Ci a ion: (a) The e m "ci y" is used o e e o
a ci y o own; (b) The e m "ci y" is used o e e o a ci y o own; (c) The e m "ci y"
is used o e e o a ci y o own; (d) The e m "ci y" is used o e e o a ci y o own;
(e) The e m "ci y" is used o desc ibe a ci y o own; ( ) The e m "ci y" is used o
desc ibe a ci y o own; (g) The e m "ci y" is used o desc ibe a ci y o own.
2 and e en Laigonai ė 2002: 105.
 3 Kaiku iebu ęšakninioki čioa chaizmai(p z.,g úod-uo- i)įnaujesniusDLKŽleidimusiš is
neį auk i.
4 I canno be deduced om he pas pa iciple o m o he pas pa iciple p iwka awusis (DP 61830) whe he i
is a p e ix -o i o -au i edinys.
5 F om he spelling o M. Daukšo's unclea wo ds […]panč-iuo- i, […]mėlyn-uo- i, […] audon-uo- i he oo s a e
connec ed. Because o he i s o hem he acu e spelling plg. pán is, pánčio i. The o he wo connec ions
a e no so ob ious: a leas he blue-uo- i in he in e als is connec ed wi h bo h connec ions (see § 19 § […]20).
6 G e a Či y -úo- i (see also sec ions 31 and 50 o he no ice).
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
80 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI g è ez-uo- i, ìšgąsč-iuo- i, kàba -iuo- is, kàkal-iuo- i,
kàmaš-iuo- i, kliùpe -iuo- i, lèke -iuo- i, màda -iuo- i, mùs e -iuo- i, àlaž-iuo- i7. This is
he i s ime ha he Li huanian language has been used in his way. In addi ion o he
examples al eady men ioned (and also men ioned in § 15), he LKZ also es i ies om
a ious sou ces, e.g. The ollowing de ini ions a e used in he ex : (a) The wo d
"swimming" is de i ed om "swimming"; (b) The wo d "swimming" is de i ed om
"swimming"; (c) The wo d "swimming" is de i ed om "swimming"; (d) The wo d
"swimming" is de i ed om "swimming"; (e) The wo d "swimming" is de i ed om
"swimming"; ( ) The wo d "swimming" is de i ed om "swimming"; (g) The wo d
"swimming" is de i ed om "swimming"; (h) The wo d "swimming" is de i ed om
"swimming"; (h) The wo d "swimming" is de i ed "swimming"; (h) The wo d "swimming" is
de i ed "swimming" om "swimming"; (h) The wo d "swimming" is de i ed "swimming"
om "swimming" Acco ding o he de elopmen scena ios discussed, he unp eceden ed
ki is can only be ound in he acu e ounda ion s ones (e.g., áuks-uo- i), as well as in he
unp eceden ed ounda ion s ones, ega dless o he accessibili y o quan i y (e.g.,
dá gan-uo- i, ãša - z- i, pùs yč-i-p i- i).
isuome  ienodą ediniųki čia imą)p iesagųįsigalėjimo endencijos,op ie-
saginioki čio ipopasi inkimąapibend inimuinulėmė ai,kaddalyježodžių
7
See also Ku šaičius as unclea (i.e. in he slang) examples: [me g-uo- i; chiẽpč-iúo- i (cźipcziju);
s ibal-iuo- i, žaĩba -iuo- i].
8
LKŽ wi hou speci ied sou ce.
9 Co ec ion e o in he LKJ: o be dele ed (plg. o be dele ed in he LKJ X 127). 10 The lis is incomple e. I was
compiled only a e a p elimina y e iew o he LKJ wo ds wi h he su ix - lis , checking he ocabula y o he
Li huanian-Ge man languages o F. Ku šai is o check he - (i) o check he spelling o he e bs wi h he LKJ
da a. F om he no iced omissions i would be possible o men ion he e, o example, ha he LKJ is men ioned in
he Zhiqiu (KI120, i.e. Ku scha : s. . on sp eizen) is a misnome .
A icles by A icles 81
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
In addi ion o he abo e-men ioned, he e a e a numbe o o he ac o s ha can be used
o de e mine he e ec i eness o he accine, such as he ollowing: (1) he accine is no
app o ed o use in he elde ly; (2) he accine is no app o ed o use in he elde ly; (3) he
accine is no app o ed o use in he elde ly; and (3) he accine is no app o ed o use in
he elde ly. Pa o some o hese non- i ial e bs can be p ese ed in ancien a chaisms,
inhe i ed om he ime o Saussu e's law, pa o he e bs can be made up as la e as
possible, wi hou in e e ing wi h he gene al ule ha non- i ial e bs can only be ound
in acu e, one-syllable basic e bs and many non- i ial basic e bs.
3. NAUJI NEPRIESAGINIO KIRČIO ATVEJAI 6. § In addi ion o he a chaisms p ese ed,
associa ed wi h he basic names o he 1s chu ch, in he epoch a e Saussu e's law in
Li huanian dialec s he e will be many new un ela ed chu ch e bs, o en wi h a ci cle
o oo s, he ci cum lexion o which has al eady been de e mined by o he causes.
Se e al g oups o such e bs can be dis inguished, di e ing om each o he in
meaning, o ma ion en i onmen s, geog aphical dis ibu ion o accen ed ypes: a)
cu a ed ype; (b) he ype o be es ed;
11 Plg. M. Daukšos da . sg. masc. míel-am (see Ska džius 1936: 141 [1999: 105]) and he endency o he acquisi ion
o a mobile c oss cha ac e is ic o non- es ed adjec i es (see Rinke ičius 2015: 39 ). 12 Plg. la. mĩļš, p . nom. pl.
mīlai, sl. *mlъ a. p. a. This is he i s ime I' e seen his wo d. The wo d "Va ka a" is mos likely o be
conside ed an old mobile wo d (plg. sl. * če ā a. p. c.), bu in he wes e n Li huanian language spoken in he a ea,
especially in Li le Li huania (whe e he oo wo d "Va ka a" is ouched), i is also ound in he o ms o he
pe manen chu ch, i.e. he signs o he s eng h o he oo in he Vedas, plg.

This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
82 Ac aLinguis icaLi huanicaXCI
c) onoma opėjiniaii pan. eiksmažodžiai;
d) Ge manisms o de i a i es o Ge manisms;
e) a achmen s - (i) o he p ocessing o lead.
The o igin, de elopmen , and di e si y o he ypes o ci cumcision in each o hese
g oups o e bs a e discussed sepa a ely below. Mos a en ion is paid o he second
(backwa d) ype, which is cha ac e ized by he g ea es accen in he a ie y o meanings.
3.1. Type o ea men
§ 7. -u -iu i, -ul-iu i ypes o Vedic, usually de ba y ai, deno ing non-in ensi e con inuous
ac ion o s a e (e.g. LKG II 250 .) and b anches con aining ci cle lexion (e.g. ci cle,
me a onic o a ising due o balsa elonga ion), in hei o igin hey a e usually ex ended
om he same meaning -u - i, -ul- i edic ( y y y lk-u -i- i lk-u - i). Pas names a e
some imes conside ed de ma ic ci cles (e.g. lk-u - i lūk- lu -s.g. 3b., as well as Jua d
1943: 55 and al hough i is no possible o heo ize he co esponding o igins o he
Vedic a ie ies -u -u - i, o he de i a i es may also appea . I 's no like I don' know
wha I'm doing.
§ Ci cum lexion (in o he wo ds, […] ęs inė[…] p iegaidė, plg. Gi denis 2003: 273) and he
leng hening o he balsio -u - i, -ul- i in he Vedas (o hei basic names) pe o m an iconic
unc ion: hey enhance he s e ched, slow ac ion (plg. S undžija 1985: 135). I 's no like I
don' know wha I'm doing. ; snìg- i → (snỹg-u -į →) snỹg-u - i → snỹg-u -iuo- i, snỹg-u -o- i and
he like The opposi e p ocess is seen in e bs o momen a y meaning wi h - e - i, - el- i
and hei ex ended a ian s, whe e he oo acu e (s aiginė p iegaidė) o sho oice
p e ails, e.g. I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. I don' know wha I'm doing. § 9.
Acco ding o he LKZ and he dic iona y o e minology, he oo ki is occu s almos
h oughou Li huania, while he p e ix is possible only in he eas e n pa o i (mos ly in
he eas e n highlands, places and in he wes e n o sou he n highlands (see map 114)).
 14 Apiepie ųaukš aičius ūks aduomenų,be  okiežodžiaikaipPPAŽsnygulió ine iesiogiaigalė ų
liudy ip iesaginioki čiogalimybęi -u iuo i,-uliuo i ediniuose.
 S aipsniai / A icles 83
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
S );lk-u iuo i:snyg-u iúo i,snūd-u iúo i(VdškŽ);snaĩg-u iuo i:snyg-u iúo i
(F ench: […] ).
1 ZEMLAPIS. P iesagų -u (i)uo i, -uliuo i edinių ki čia imas in he Li huanian language:
• Loca ion: LKŽ (Ku , S )
• o loa : LKŽ (Lzd); ZnŽ (G š);
The ollowing de ini ions shall apply: LKŽ (U , Ob, Š nč, ); VdškŽ; sniguliúo i: LKŽ (M l);
Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
Fo he pu poses o his Regula ion, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
• spelled ou : LKŽ (Sk , Nmk, S , Šll); K; Sch15; ŠVŽŽ (Ged, Lu);
K nŽ; VaigŽ; KzRŽ (KzR); also known as LKŽ (Ms, Už , Rdn, K š);
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Ppl); abb e ia ed as LKŽ (Pl ; Ds).
15 See Schleiche 1857: 171 ( om he spelling o he unclea p ologue: plúdu ia o).
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
84 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI (English and Li huanian Language Ac )
§ 10. In mode n pa lance, as men ioned (see § 2), he p eposi ion ki is is becoming
mo e and mo e common.
3.2. Ba uo i ipas
3.2.1.Bend aapž alga
In addi ion o he abo e-men ioned, he e a e also a numbe o o he a ia ions, such as
he "B" in "B" and he "C" in "B" and he "C" in "B" and he "C" in "B" and he "C" in "B"
mių)šakniesp iegaidės–ci kum lekso.Tai– ediniaiišspal as(a panašias
ki asypa ybes) eiškiančiųbūd a džių,dažniausiai u in ysbūsenosda ybinę
and he "C" in "B" and he "C" in "B".
§ O he wise han in he case o he Vedic ype, he ci cumsc ibed oo ki is in hese e bs is no de i ed
om he in e media e p oduc ion chain chains (i.e. lauk- i → [lku -i →] lku - i → lku -iuo- i), bu appea s e en in
he same Ki aip 16 sen ence, deno ing he exp ession o he cha ac e is ics exp essed as a p ocess (plg. LKG
-uo i edinius( .y.bál -as→ba -uo- i), adki ųp iesagų ediniuoseišspal ų
pa adinimųnepasi aiko(plg.bal -- i,bál -in- i)20.
II. 248).
17 See also he same sen ence: sã·ko | pàpučæ· dú·mu· | ai apud à pajuõduojæ | pa udúojæ (ZnŽ:
B ) is
I 's no clea how much o a "co ec ion" he L.K.C. is e e ing o, bu i 's a case o hype co ec ion: he wo d
"co ec " and "co ec " a e used in he same sen ence, e en hough he wo d "co ec " is no expec ed in he
English e sion o he Bible. 19 I is only because o he a i y o he examples ha he oo ki is LKZ is no
damaged and in he pai o long oo s o he ype in ques ion, e.g. bė -úo- i (Rdm […] is only one c ossed example, in
addi ion, om he en i e schnek os, which con ains he p e ix ki is, see § 21), he pal -úo- i (no a single
c ossed example). 20 F. Ku sai is's misspellings (name unknown o he au ho ) [ge on-au- i] is mos likely
mechanically dis o ed om he same meaning a ached o ge on-uo- i. ZnZ mag-au- i is mos likely a ewo king
o mag-uo- i ( he e is no pas o al ZnZ).
A icles o he 85 h
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
3.2.2 Raid XX o XXI a.
§ 13. The oo o he e bs o he ype in ques ion was no ma i e a he beginning o he
o ma ion o he common language. The no ma i e wo ks o he wen ie h and
wen y- i s cen u ies e lec he g adual acquisi ion o he oo o he e b by he
acquisi ion o he e b. In he case o he F ench-speaking wo ld, he e m "squa " is used
o e e o a g oup o people who a e no ela ed by blood, bu a he o a g oup o people
who a e ela ed by blood. - "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ,"
"Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ,"
"Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ," "Squa ,"Squa ,"Squa ,
"Squa ,"Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squ-
a ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squ-
a ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squ-
a ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squ-
a ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squ-
a ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squ-
a ,Squa ,Squa ,Squa ,Squ
In he i s edi ion o he DLKZ published in he second hal o he 20 h cen u y, he e
a e al eady wo a ian s o his ype o e b: he oo and he p eposi ion (e.g.,
ba[…] uo i bal úo i), and in some, a ely, […] e en he p eposi ion (e.g., gels úo i). In he
i s edi ion o he DLKZ published in 1954 ( he i s edi ion), he i s a ian o he
oo (e.g., ba[…] uo i bal úo i) is gi en, and in he se en h edi ion (1972) […] on he
p eposi ion (e.g., ba[…] uo i bal úo i).
me(1993)daugumos eiksmažodžiųnu odomasjau ikp iesaginiski is(p z.,
bal úo i,be  isda pilkúo i/pikuo i), uo a punaujausiuoseleidimuose(p a-
21 See also Zinke ičius 1992: 317.
In he 1920s and 1920s, he e was a limi ed use o he e b " o be" in he dic iona y, and his only occu s once in
he example o he use o he wo d "s one". In he 1920s, he e was a limi ed use o he wo d "s one" in he
dic iona y. In he 1920s, he e was a limi ed use o he wo d "s one". 23 In addi ion, o unclea easons, he e b
gels a i is spelled wi h a double owel in he second edi ion, and he e b is spelled wi h a blackened owel in he
o m o a oo owel, sugges ing an acu e (p obably a co ec ion e o ).
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed
ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
• Roo cu ing wi h ci cum lexion (e.g., ge -on-uo- i);
• he place o he c oss o he oo wo d and he acu e p e ix a e e ained in he
p e ix (e.g. gel -ón-uo- i);
• e ained he place o he oo wo d c oss in he p e ix, bu wi h a me a onic
ci cle lex (e.g., gel -õn-uo- i).
The geog aphical dis ibu ion o he ypes o c ossing is seen in maps 6[…]7. As in he
case o edic om non-p eceden ed adjec i es (see § 17), he p e ix ki is
(gel on-úo- i, audon-úo- i) o he e b is mo e cha ac e is ic o he eas e n ange o
he e ms, and he basic kamien ki is […] o he e ening.
In he no he n pa o he wes e n ange (šiau iniai žemaičiai), me a onija
būd a džioki čio ie a(p iesagoje-on-).Dalyješioplo o(šiau ėje,šiau ės a-
ka uose)išlaikomasi p iesagosakū as(gel -ón-uo- i, aud-ón-uo- i),ki ojeda-
(gel -õn-uo- i, aud-õn-uo- i) occu s a he base le el (sou h, sou heas ). In he
sou he n pa o he wes e n a ea (Pie iniai žemaičiai, Mažoji Lie u a, kauniškiai) he
place o he basic adjec i e c oss is no p esen […] he c ossed oo
(ge -on-uo- i, aũdon-uo- i) This is he name o he game.
In some cases, he ki is o he base s one is also a es ed in he eas e n a ea (in he
eas e n highlands). I is no en i ely clea how eliably he p ecep s o he p ecep s a e
w i en he e (in he le eling zone o he idge), bu in he case o he 20 h cen u y, he
p ecep s o he p ecep s o he p ecep s o he p ecep s o he p ecep s o he
p ecep s o he p ecep s o he p ecep s o he p ecep s o he p ecep s o he
p ecep s o he p ecep s o he p ecep s. 29 Būga 1959: 144 ( aũdonuoja Ds), 480 ( aũdonuo i
Ds). This is he i s ime in he his o y o he coun y ha he numbe o people li ing in
po e y has inc eased. 30 h o July, 1959: 480 (Ge hsemane) 31 […][...] Joù nʹabʹaliñksmūs wisi
mʹadẽlei, Kàd gʹa onuoja żalì łapẽlei. […] […] […] Joù nʹabʹaliñksmūs wisi mʹadẽlei, Kàd
gʹa onuoja żalì łapẽlei. […] This is he i s ime I ha e seen his wo d in English.
The woman's jaw d opped.
This is U sula Tamosziúnaicza.
Bo n in Łapk iczo, 21s o May, 1880 in he illage o Pajodupie.
(Ba anowski 1920: 438-439). This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o a e o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y o New Yo k.

A icles o he 93 d
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
PAGE 6 Yellowing o he e b in Li huanian:
• yellowing: LKŽ ( , Jnšk, Pn; Dkš); KpŽ (Alz, Slm, PnmR, Pl n);
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Z Ž; and
Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
Fo he pu poses o his Regula ion, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
(An); ABa (R5); and
Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
The Bug (K ).
32 In one o he wo cases o P nR, he spelling o he abb e ia ion PnmR (unspelled DūnŽ in he abb e ia ion lis )
is mos likely o be conside ed a co ec ion e o .
SANDRA LUKŠAIT-RAMONIEN, VYTAUTAS RINKEVIČIUS 94 Ac a Linguis ica
Li huanica XCI 7 ZEMLAPIS. The ed spelling o he wo d in he Li huanian
language is:
• Red: LKŽ (Ldk; Ds, K d, Lel, T gn; Dglš, Kl ; Bd, Dbč, Lp), which is he name o he coun y in which he company is loca ed.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing
ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
• ed: LKŽ (Rdn; K š, Už ); DūnŽ (D , K š, P nR). This is he i s ime in he his o y o he Eu opean Union ha he e m " ed" has been used.
§ The adjec i e ml-yn-as (and he a ian s ml-in-as, ml-en-as) has an acu e oo , which is
c ossed in mos dic iona ies, bu is some imes added o he p e ix ki is (plg. mėl-ýn-as
DŽūn: Pkš, K š) p obably by analogy wi h gel -ón-as, aud-ón-as.
The e a e ou possible ypes o ci cumcision:
• he e b p onoun ki is (blue-ou- i);
• main ained he place o he basic adjec i e c oss and he acu e access in he jaw
(ml-yn-uo- i);
 S aipsniai / A icles 95
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
• išlaiky apama iniobūd a džioki čio ie ašaknyje,be sume a oniniu
ci kum leksu(ml-yn-uo- i);
• he place o he c oss o he basic adjec i e and he acu e p e ix a e e ained
(mėl-ýn-uo- i) (in he e minology whe e he adjec i e o m mėlýnas is used). In addi ion
o he abo e-men ioned geog aphical dis ibu ion o he ypes o wood, see map 8. As in
he case o he p e iously discussed wood, he p e ix -u- i ki is (mél-yn-u- i, mél-in-u- i,
mél-en-u- i) is cha ac e is ic o he eas e n a ea o he woodlands, and he p e ix o
he base s one ki is (mél-n-u- i, mél-en-u- i) is cha ac e is ic o he sou he n a ea o
he woodlands. In he eas e n highlands, he me a onic oo ci cle lex (ml-yn-uo- i) is
again wi nessed only by K. Būga Duse os (bu plg. LKŽ numėlynã o Ds).
SANDRA LUKŠAIT-RAMONIEN, VYTAUTAS RINKEVIČIUS 96 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI 8
LIMITED. The blueing o he e b and i s a ian s in he Li huanian language:
• Blue: LKŽ (Ds, Lel, Ml ; , Lnk ; P ng; Vlk, S j; Pc; B š, Kl ); This is a lis o he municipali ies o he Czech Republic.
KpŽ (Pnd); VdškŽ; D Ž (D , Mlk); D skŽ; PPAŽ (Kn , M c); LzŽ (Dn ); Z Ž; ZnŽ
(G š, Sn , Šk); blue-g een: D Ž (D , Šl ); blue-g een: This is a lis o he municipali ies o he Czech Republic.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
• mlynuo i: ŠVŽŽ (E k, K a, Ms, Nsm); mlenuo i: ŠVŽŽ (S p );
KBūg(Ms,Sln );
Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
P k;Va n,Vds,P n);DūnŽ(Už ,Vkšn);
• mėlýnuo i:DūnŽ(D ,Pkš).
A gene alized pic u e o all he e bs discussed is p esen ed in map 9, which shows ha
he adjec i es - based on he names o he colo s - a e cha ac e ized by h ee accen
ypes, occu ing in h ee qui e dis inc geog aphical a eas:
• he eas e n a ea (mainly eas e n and sou he n highlands) […] he p e ix -uo- i
ki is (bal -úo- i, black-úo- i, ma g-úo- i, pu ple-úo- i; yellow-úo- i, ed-úo- i,
blue-úo- i);
• The no h-wes e n co ne o Li huania (pa o he Šiau inė lowlands) […] he
oo o he oo s one and he e ained oo wo d acu e: in he oo (bál -uo- i,
A icles o he 97 h
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
júod-uo- i, má g-uo- i, pìlk-uo- i) o in he p e ix o he cha ac e (gel -ón-uo- i,
aud-ón-uo- i, mėlýn-uo- i);
• sou hwes e n a ea (sou he n pa o he lowlands, Lesse Li huania, wes e n
highlands o Kaunas) […] he oo s one ki is and he ci cle lex: me a onic in he
b anch (ba[…] -uo- i, juõd-uo- i, mag-uo- i; pik-uo- i; ml-yn-uo- i) o in he adjec i e
su ix (gel -õn-uo- i, aud-õn-uo- i), also appea ed in he b anch, ex ending in o he
cha ac e is ic su ix (ge -o-uo- i, aũd-o-uo- i).
Wi hin he bounda ies o he isola ed a eas, he e a e possible ansi ional zones wi h
di e en ypes o in e sec ion, e.g. bo h he p e ix -uo- i and he ci cum lexion o he
ci cum lexion o he ci cum lexion o he ci cum lexion o he ci cum lexion o he
ci cum lexion o he ci cum lexion o he ci cum lexion o he ci cum lexion o he
ci cum lexion o he ci cum lexion o he ci cum lexion. 9 ZEMLAPIS. Adjec i es - o be
de i ed om he colou names o Li huanian dialec s (apibend ina ion)
džiųšaknieski čiopapli imąšiamea eale,ž .§9).Pa ieniaisa ejaispasi aiko
i ki okiųsmulkiųnuk ypimųnuoap a osiosgeog a inėsdis ibucijos,bend o

This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
98 Ac aLinguis icaLi huanicaXCI
§ 22. Vedinių iš nep iesaginių ci kum leksinės šaknies būd a džių
As expec ed, he eas e n a ea o i s su oundings a e a ec ed by he yellowing o he
o eskin (gel -úo- i Ds, aus -úo- i Šd), and he sou he n a ea is a ec ed by he yellowing
o he o eskin (ge uo i K, Gs). 3.2.4. The o igin and p onuncia ion o he ci cle- lexi e oo
ci cle is con a y o Saussu e's law. § 23 The ci cle- lexi e oo ci cle is an acu e p e ix - (i)
in he Vedas canno be old.
On he o he hand, he acu e oo ki is ound in he no hwes e n Li huanian
coun yside is mos likely o be conside ed p ese ed in a chaism in he Vedic ex s o
he 1s ci cle adjec i es (see § 4).
• b […]l as: plg. low. no. sg. em. bál -a35, no. pl. masc. bál -i36; no. sg. p onoun.
bál -as-is37; ad . bál -ai38, 39; dial. bál -um-as; la. ba[…] s;
• Judah: pl. ea h. no. sg. em. jud-a40, no. pl. masc. jud-i41, ad . jud-ai42; jud-ym-ė 1,
jud-ym-as 1, dial. juod-um-as; la. subs . juõds […]nelabasis, de il[…]; also known as
jud-i-ai42; also known as jud-i-ai42; also known as jud-i-as
33 Plg. Sch s: ba -uo- i, ml-en-uo- i; gel -õn-uo- i: júod-uo- i, má g-uo- i, aud-ón-uo- i: pilk-úo- i (see also § 27).
This is he i s ime ha he e m has been used in he English language.
34 Plg. Als: gel -õn-uo- i: má g-uo- i. This is he i s ime I' e seen his.
35 Gi denis 2008: 58 (in he case o he 112 [bá.l à]), 87 (in he case o he 239).
36 Gi denis 2012: 88 (also 189 [bâ ]). He is a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen .
37 C ushed o g ound.
38 Gi denis 2008: 58 (also known as 112 [bál â·]); 2012: 88 (also known as 189 [bál â·]); K nŽ: 38.
39 See also Būga 1961: 73.
 40 LKŽ(Ms,Kl Ž,Sln );K nŽ;ŠVŽŽ.
 41 Gi denis2008:73(išn.180[jọûd]),87(išn.244[j.ud]);2012:133(išn.378[jud]).
 42 Gi denis2008:58(išn.112[judâ·]),73(išn.180[judâ·]);LKŽ(Kl Ž).
 S aipsniai / A icles 99
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
• pìlkas: plg. low. name. sg. em. pìlk-a, name. pl. masc. pìlk-i, ad . pìlk-ai43;
mlas → mlynas, mlinas, mlenas: plg. la. s ongš ‘blue, iole , mns ‘black. This
is he i s ime I' e hea d o his wo d.
Ci cum lexions o he oo s o he ge -, aũd- and old accen alues a e somewha mo e
di icul o econs uc , bu he p e ixed adjec i es yellow, ed in he a ea o
no hwes e n Li huania ha we a e dealing wi h also belong o he 1s chu ch (see LKA II 112
map). In he case o he i s -o de unc ion, i is possible ha he i s -o de unc ion is
he unc ion o he i s -o de unc ion, and he second-o de unc ion is he unc ion o
he second-o de unc ion, and he hi d-o de unc ion is he unc ion o he
second-o de unc ion. In he English language, all possible ypes o ci cumcision a e mos ly
used in he sense o a change o s a e and s a e. I he e a e se e al di e en ypes o
ci cumcision in he speech, hey usually do no belong o he Vedic cons uc i e meaning, e.g.
:
• o be called: o be called […]bal am o be o o appea […] (ZnŽ: G š), o be called […] . p.[…] (ZnŽ:
(See also oo no e.)
• o be black: o be black, o appea black; o mo e black, o mo e black
(ZnŽ: Lpl); o be pain ed: o be pain ed black, o be pain ed black (and pe -
kel ine eikšme:supyk i,įni š i)’(ZnŽ:G š); júoduo i‘bū i, ody isjuo-
dam’i ‘juos i,juody i’(ŠVŽŽ);
[…] o be, o appea g ay[…] and […] o become g ay, g ay[…] (LKZ: G g); o be plucked
(LKZ: Pl ); o be plucked (LKZ: Š s) […] o be plucked; o be plucked; o be plucked; o be plucked; o be plucked; o be plucked; o be plucked; o be plucked; o be plucked; o be plucked; o be plucked
• gel õnuo i‘gel onambū i,gel onama ody i’,pagel õnuo i‘pasida y igel-
onam’(LKŽ:Als);
• o be ed, o appea ed and o be ed (ŠVŽŽ);
o be o o be ound blue: o be o o be ound blue
(ZnŽ: Lkč) This is a lis o ai po s in C oa ia, so ed by loca ion.
• and so on.
The only cases eco ded by he LKZ a e: ma g-úo- i (NdŽ, ), gel on-úo- i (NdŽ), audon-úo- i (NdŽ,
S d, ), mėlyn-úo- i ( , Pc, Lnk ). 44 Does he wo d "basic" mean he eme gence o a ea u e (LKG II
249). 45 Whe he he meaning o he wo d " undamen al" e e s o he a ibu ion o a quali y o
someone (LKG II 249).
SANDRALUKŠAITĖ-RAMONIENĖ,VYTAUTASRINKEVIČIUS
100 Ac aLinguis icaLi huanicaXCI
in he case o he p e ix ki is46, he meaning o his e b in he a ea o he eas e n
bo de s does no di e om he meaning o o he e bs in he a ea o he eas e n bo de s. :
o make a ma k, o make a ma k, o make a ma k (LKZ: )
o u n ed: o u n ed (LKZ: ).
§ In a e cases, when se e al a ian s o he same e b's conjuga ion wi h di e en
meanings a e a es ed in one sou ce, he ci cumsc ibed oo ki is is usually
cha ac e is ic o he s a e, and he p e ix ki is […] o he e b changes he s a e o
makes he meaning47, plg. :
[…] o be black, o appea black; o mo e black, o mo e: o be black […] o be black (ZnZ:
Sn 48; plg. and NdZ);
[…]ma[…]guo i (= o be pain ed […]in bun em, a ben eichem Wechsel glänzen, ein
bun es Aussehen haben[…]): ma gúo i (= o be pain ed […]bun machen, bun ä -
ben,bun du chwi ken’),ma gúo is(=mag i‘bun we den, e schiedene
Fa benannehmen’)(NdŽ);
pick up (and pick up? 49) g au schimme n: o pick up (pick up in English) (NZ);
• yellow-colou ed, yellow-colou ed: yellow-colou ed (NDŽ);
o be ed: o be ed: o be ed: o be ed, o be done o o be ed (Dž).
An in e es ing case can be seen in Sha ia (in he con ac zone o he no hwes e n and sou hwes e n a eas),
whe e he e b o be bap ized " o be whi e, o appea whi e" is ixed wi h he me a onic ci cum lex, and he
e bs o be changed " o be black" ( o be p ese ed, o be made black, o be made whi e, o be made g ay) o " o be
made whi e" ( o be made g ay). § 28 The oo ci cle e lex, as a ma ke o s a e meaning, a ising bo h om he old
a io o acu e ci cles o acu e ci cles (i.e. in he Vedas om 1 o 1 ci cles o adjec i es, e.g. bál as *1 → *bál -uo- i
[…] ba -uo- i, plg. § 4), and om he ci cle e lex 46 Excep o edemp ion by edemp ion by edemp ion by
edemp ion, whe e bo h a ian s o ci cles ( edemp ion by edemp ion and edemp ion) a e p esen ed oge he
and all h ee meanings a e indica ed wi hou he pilg image (like edemp ion by yellow, yellow, edemp ion by
yellow, edemp ion by yellow). 47 The opposi e case is seen in he li e a y ex s w i en by A. Ba anauskas: Kàd
gʹa onuoja žalì łapẽlei (building change): Dõ gʹał onúoja płó ai kwiē ēlū (būsena) (bo h ex s we e au ho ed by
he same R5 [kupiškėnų] ep esen a i e om Pajuodupio, pl. 31; om he chu ch o Ba anauskas, ma y , ma ied
o his wi e), see Ba anowski 1920: 435, 439. 48 Bu see he same sen ence added ‘ o make black, o make black (ZnŽ:
Sn ). The 49 h Amendmen does no speci y whe he he e m "slippe y slope" applies only o a change o s a e o
also o a change o s a e.
A icles by A icles 101
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
In he case o he Uni ed S a es, o example, he e m "goldilocks" is used o e e o a
ype o goldilocks ha is no a goldilocks, bu a ype o goldilocks ha is no a goldilocks. In
addi ion o he abo e-men ioned, he e a e also a numbe o simila i ies be ween he wo
languages, as shown in Figu e 2.2.2, which is a combina ion o he wo languages spoken in
he egion, and he wo languages spoken in he egion, as shown in Figu e 2.2.3, which is a
combina ion o he wo languages spoken in he egion.
Meanwhile, in he a ea o he eas e n ci cumsc ip ions, he ci cumsc ip i e oo ki is in
he e bs o he ype in ques ion was p obably mo e widesp ead in he pas (as in he case
o he Vedic e bs, see § 9), i no h oughou he a ea, hen a leas mo e widely han
nowadays, bu ea ly (be o e he Vedic e bs o he ype o he Vedic e bs).
bū iokai osi (a )pada omosios eikšmės eiksmažodžiųišnykimas,pas a o-
siomis eikšmėmisįsigalėjuski ųp iesagų ediniams(p z.,bal - -i,bál -in- i).
3.3 O he cases
In addi ion o he wo ypes discussed, he e a e also a ious o he non-p eceden ed s one
p ecep s - (i) he Vedic ones, which canno be conside ed old a chaisms, e lec ing he basic
wo ds o he 1s cen u y, bu usually do no con adic he inhe i ance o he la e .
SANDRA LUKŠAIT-RAMONIEN, VYTAUTAS RINKEVIČIUS 108
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI Ms Mus eika (PPAŽ) M l
Me eliai, Lazdijų . is loca ed in he dis ic o he same
name.
Mžk […] Mažeikiai (F ench p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Tu kish wo d.
The name o he municipali y o Kudi kos, Šakių .
Nmk […] Nemakščiai, Raseiniai . is loca ed in he dis ic o Nemakščiai.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
[…] No ėnai, Skuodo dis ic
Ob […] Obeliai, Rokiškio dis ic o he ci y
[…] Palukne, Skuodo dis ic (ŠVŽ)
Pc […] Pociūnėliai, Rad iliškio dis ic o he ci y
Pgg […] F esh o chilled
P […] Pakš eliai, Šiaulių dis ic (DūnŽ)
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
Pln […] Plunged
Plz […] Palushė, illage o Ignalina
Pl […] Pla eliai, Plungės . is loca ed in he dis ic o Pla eliai.
Pl […] Pil iškiai, Vilka iškio dis ic o he ci y o Pil iškiai
Pl n […] Panė enelė, Kupiškio dis ic o he ci y
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Pnd […] Pandėlys, Rokiškio dis ic
PnmR […] Panemunis, Rokiškio dis ic o he ci y
Ppl […] Papilys, Bi žų dis ic
P k […] P iekulė, Klaipėda dis ic
P lg […] P ialga a, dis ic o Skuodo (ŠVŽZ)
P ng […] Pa ingys, Ignalina dis ic
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop
delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
P […] Pi ašiūnai, Aly aus dis ic o he ci y

A icles o he 109 h
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
P n […] Pa andenė, Telšiai dis ic
Pa o he dis ic o Pa andenė (Telšių and Kelmės dis ic s) (Dūnž)
Pž l […] Paeže ėliai, Šakių . is loca ed in he dis ic o Pž l.
R5 […] Munda R5 (= Ry […]czai penk […]ji) [Kũpiszkio pa ish, Skõpiszkio pa ish, Czadasũ
pa ish] (Ba anowski 1920: 1[…]31) This is he i s ime in he his o y o he pa ish ha he name has been used.
Rdm […] Rudamina, om he illage o Lazdijas.
Rdn […] Raudėnai, Šiaulių dis ic
Rk […] Rock ish
Rm (1) […] Ramygala, Pane ėžys dis ic Rm (2) […] Rimašiai, Poškonių apyl. k. (D Ž; no o
be con used wi h LKŽ: Rm […] Ramygala,
o Pane ėžys)
[…] Rice dishes
Rš […] Rimšė, Ignalina . was bo n in he illage o Rš […] Rimšė.
R […] Rie a as, Plunges dis ic
[…] Rudnia, Va ėnos dis ic
Sg […] Sa e, in he dis ic o Šilu ė.
Skp […] Skapiškis, Kupiškio . is loca ed in he dis ic o Skapiškis.
[…] Ski snemunė, Ju ba ko . om he illage o Sk .
Village o Salamies is, Kupiškio dis ic
Sln […] Salan ai, K e ing dis ic
The Sla s o he Sla s, he Šakių .
Small […] Small, in he dis ic o Za assia.
Smln […] Smalininkai, Ju ba ko . is loca ed in he dis ic o Smln.
Smn […] Simnas, Aly aus . is loca ed a :
Sn […] Sin au ai, in he illage o Šakių.
Siau imai S ., Poškonių apyl. k. (D Ž; no o be con used wi h LKŽ: S Feliksas S agys)
[…])
S d […] Se edžius, Ju ba ko dis ic o he ci y
S j […] Se ijai, om he illage o Lazdijų.
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed
ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his
Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he
S p –S iaup ai,Skuodo .(ŠVŽŽ)
S –Su iliškis,Kėdainių .
Šd–Šedu a,Rad iliškio .
Šek–Šekai,Skuodo .(ŠVŽŽ)
Šk–Šakiai
Škn–Šakyna,Šiaulių .
applica ion o his Regula ion. Šn […] Šunskai, Ma ijampolė
dis ic Š s […] Ša ės, Skuodo dis ic I is loca ed in Š
Š ėkšna, Šilu ės .
The Š nč […] Š enčionys
Tl […] Tešiai and i s ibu a ies
T g […] Tau agė ( o me ly known as Tau agė)
T gn […] Tau agnai, U enos
dis ic T k […] Ti kšliai,
Mažeikių . is loca ed in he
dis ic o Mažeikių. T kn […]
T uikinai, om he illage o Skuodo. […] T e ečius, om he illage o Ignalina […] Upyna, illage o Šilal Upės
[…] U ena and U
This Regula ion shall en e in o
o ce on he wen ie h day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in
he O icial Jou nal o he
Eu opean Union. Vab […] Vabaliai,
Skuodo dis ic (ŠVŽZ) Va n […] Va niai, Telšiai dis ic Vdk […] Viduklė, Raseinių . is loca ed in he dis ic o Raseiniai. Vds […] Vidsodis, Kelmės . (DūnŽ) Vg […] Vege iai, Akmenės . (Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Vds […] Wha is wha is wha is wha is going on in he wo ld is going on in he wo ld and wha is going on in he wo ld
A icles and a icles 111
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
[…] Vin Vindeikiai, Skuodo dis ic (ŠVŽZ)
Vj […] Vajasiškis, om he illage o Za asų
Vkš–Viekšniai,Mažeikių .
Vkšn–Viekšnaliai,Telšių .(DūnŽ)
Valkininkai, Va ėnos dis ic
Vlk […] Vilka iškis ( o me ly known as Vilka iškis)
V p […] Va pu ėnai, Šiaulių . (Dūnž) VšR
[…] Višakio Rūda, Ma ijampolės . (V sp
[…] Va pu ėnai, Šiaulių .) is loca ed in he dis ic o he same name. V […] Ve i žėnai, Klaipėda dis ic o he ci y
Vž […] Vėžaičiai, Klaipėda dis ic
Z […] Ze ynos (PPAZ) Žb […] Žeb okai,
Skuodo dis ic (ŠVŽZ) Že […] Zemy ė,
Skuodo dis ic (ŠVŽZ) Žl […] Žal ynų
illage and he su ounding a ea (ZnŽ)
Ž (1)–Ža ėnai,Telšių .
Ž (2)–Žiū ai(PPAŽ;nepainio inasuLKŽ:Ž –Ža ėnai,Telšių .)
Ž […] Ž i gždaičiai, Šakių . is loca ed in he dis ic o Ž […] Ž i gždaičiai.
Žž […] Žižmai, Die eniškių apyl. k. (D Ž; no o be con used wi h LKŽ: Žž […] Žiežma iai,
The illage o Kaišiado ių
O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel
[…], […] phone ic w i ing
[…], […] […] nephone ic le e (change due o analogy, e c.)
→, […] Di ec ion o ac ion
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed
ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his
Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
The ex s o he speeches o Ba anowski (see Ba anowski 1920: 435, 439) The dic iona y o
BŽ […] Jono Ba on (see Ba on 1932). KBūg […] The w i ings o Kazimie Būga (see Būga 1959: 144,
488). The dic iona y o he Daukšiai egion, au ho ed by V. Labu is, Vilnius: Alma li e a, 2002.
he cu en -day-language-language-language-language. DP […] Mikalojus Daukšos Pos ilė,
DLKŽ – Daba inės lie u ių kalbos žodynas, į ai ūs leidimai, e. a ian-
as, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as. P ieiga in e ne e: h ps://ekalba.l /
1599 ( he pain ings a e quo ed om Ska džius 1935). The dic iona y o he language o he
D uskininkai, au ho ed by G. Nak inienė, A. Paulauskienė, V. Vi kauskas, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1988.
The ocabula y o he No h-Eas Dunes, by V. Vi kauskas, Vilnius: Mokslas,
1976.
The dic iona y o he Die eniškių šnek os 12, Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 20052010.
The dic iona y and manusc ip o he unpublished pa by J. An ano Juška (ci ed unde LKŽ).
The dic iona y o F ied ich Ku šai is (Ku scha 1870-1874; 1883) is loca ed a : The ex o
Kdonel […] K is ijono Donelaičius (quo ed by LKŽ). A. Vilu y ė, Vilnius: Li huanian Language
Ins i u e, au ho o he Kal anėnų šnek os dic iona y
2008.
KpŽ […] Kupiškėnų dic iona y 1[…]4, au ho ed by K. Vosyly ė, Vilnius: Li huanian language ins i u e,
2007–2014.
K nŽ […] The dic iona y o he K e ing language, au ho ed by J. Aleksand a ičius, Vilnius:
Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 2011.
KzRŽ […] Kazlų Rūdos šnek os dic iona y 1[…]2, au ho ed by A. Pupkis, Vilnius: Li huanian
Language Ins i u e.
LKŽ(e) […] Li huanian language dic iona y 1[…]20 (1941[…]2002), e. a ian , edi ed by he college G.
Nak inienė, J. Paulauskas, R. Pe okienė, V. Zabkauskas, J. Vi a skai ė, edi ed by G.
Nak inienė, Vilnius: Li huanian language ins i u e, 2008 (upda ed e sion, 2018). The dic iona y
o he language o Lz […] Lazūnai, au ho ed by J. Pe auskas, A. Vidugi is, Vilnius: Mokslas,
1985.
A icles by A icle 113
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
This is he Wö e buch de li auischen Sch i sp ache. Li auisch-Deu sch is a dic iona y o
Li huanian w i en language. M. Niede mann, A. Senn, F. B ende , A. Salys, Heidelbe g: Ca l
Win e s Uni e si ä s e lag, 1932-1965. This a icle is pa o a se ies on he Li huanian language.
PPAZ […] The ocabula y o he high-le el slang o sou he n meals 1[…]2, au ho ed by A.
Leskauskai ė, V. Ragaišienė, Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 2016[…]2019. The dic iona y o
R. Pilypo Ruig (see Ruhig 1747). […] The wo ks o Augus Schleiche (see Schleiche 1857). SVŽ […]
No h Wes e n Lowland Dic iona y 1[…]2, au ho ed by R. Vanagienė, Vilnius: Li huanian Language
Ins i u e, 2014[…]2015.
The dic iona y o he cu en li e o he Va a, au ho ed by I. Š a cai ė, Vilnius: Ve smė,
2023. VdŠ […] Vidiškių šnek os dic iona y, au ho ed by Ž. Ma ke ičienė, A. Ma ke ičius, Vilnius:
Li huanian Uni e si y o Educa ion, Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 2014. The dic iona y o
Zna […] Zana ykų šnek os 1[…]3, Vilnius: Ins i u e o he Publishing o Science and
Encyclopedias, 2003[…]2006 was published by he Vilnius Ins i u e o he Publishing o Science and Encyclopedias.
LITERATŪRA
Ba anowski An on 1920: Li auische Munda en 1: Tex e, Leipzig: Ve lag on
K.F.Koehle .
Ba onasJonas1932:Rusų–lie u ių žodynas,2-asleidimas,Kaunas:Sakalobend o ė.
BūgaKazimie as1959:Rink iniai aš ai2,Vilnius:Vals ybinėpoli inėsi mokslinės
li e a ū osleidykla.
BūgaKazimie as1961:Rink iniai aš ai3,Vilnius:Vals ybinėpoli inėsi mokslinės
li e a ū osleidykla.
DLKG–Daba inės lie u ių kalbos g ama ika, ed.V.Amb azas,4-ojipa aisy alaida,
Vilnius:Moksloi enciklopedijųleidybosins i u as,2006.
DyboVladimi A.1981:Sla janskaja akcen ologija. Opy ekons ukcii sis emy ak-
cen nych pa adigm p asla janskom,Mosk a:Nauka.
Gi denisAleksas2003:Teo iniai lie u ių onologijos pag indai,Vilnius:Moksloi 
enciklopedijųleidybosins i u as.
Gi denisAleksas2008:Žemaičių dzūkai. Teks ai su komen a ais,Vilnius:Moksloi 
enciklopedijųleidybosins i u as.
Gi denisAleksas2012:Šiau ės žemaičių Skuodo zona. Teks ai su komen a ais,Vilnius:
Vilniausuni e si e oleidykla.

SANDRALUKŠAITĖ-RAMONIENĖ,VYTAUTASRINKEVIČIUS
114 Ac aLinguis icaLi huanicaXCI
Ku scha F ied ich1870–1874:Deu sch-li auisches Wö e buch1–2,Halle:Ve lag
de BuchhandlungdesWaisenhauses.
Ku scha F ied ich1883:Li auisch-deu sches Wö e buch,Hallea.S.:Ve lagde 
BuchhandlungdesWaisenhauses.
Laigonai ėAdelė1978:Lie u ių kalbos akcen ologija,Vilnius:Mokslas.
Laigonai ėAdelė2002:Lie u ių kalbos akcen ologija,Vilnius:Gim asisžodis.
LKAII–Lie u ių kalbos a lasas2:Fone ika,a s. ed.K.Mo kūnas,Vilnius:Mokslas,
1982.
LKG II –Lie u ių kalbos g ama ika 2: Mo ologija, y . ed. K. Ul ydas, Vilnius:
Min is,1971.
Rinke ičius Vy au as 2010:Kaiku ie eo iniaimo ologinėsakcen ologijoskon-
cepcijosaspek ai.–Bal is ica56(1),9–43.
Rinke ičius Vy au as 2015: Bal ų i sla ų kalbų ki čia imo is o ija 1, Vilnius:
Vilniausuni e si e as.
Philipp Ruhig 1747: Li auisch-Deu sches und Deu sch-Li auisches Lexicon,
[Königsbe g:]J.H.Ha ung.
Schleiche Augus 1857:Li auisches Lesebuch und Glossa ,P ag:J.G.Cal e’sche
Ve lagsbuchhandlung.
Ska džiusP anas1935:Daukšos akcen ologija,Kaunas:VDUHumani a iniųmoks-
lų akul e as.
Ska džiusP anas1943:Lie u ių kalbos žodžių da yba,Vilnius:Lie u osmokslųaka-
demija,Lie u iųkalbosins i u as.
Ska džiusP anas1998:Raš ai3,Vilnius:Moksloi enciklopedijųleidybosins i u as.
Ska džiusP anas1999:Raš ai5,Vilnius:Moksloi enciklopedijųleidybosins i u as.
S undžia Boni acas 1985:Lie u ių bend inės kalbos ki čia imo sis ema, Vilnius:
Pe oo se as.
S undžiaBoni acas2014:Bend inės lie u ių kalbos akcen ologija,Vilnius:Eug imas.
ŠlapelisJu gis1920–1922:Lie u ių kalbos žodynas, iš e s as usiškai, lenkiškai i o-
kiškai,Vilnius:„Žaibo“spaus u ė.
ŠlapelisJu gis1921:Lie u ių i usų kalbų žodynas,Vilnius:M.Šlapelienėsknygy-
nas,„Žaibo“spaus u ė.
ŠlapelisJu gis1929:Lenkiškas lie u ių kalbos žodynėlis,Vilnius:„Rucho“spaus u ė.
 S aipsniai / A icles 115
Lie u ių kalbos eiksmažodžių
su p iesaga -(i)uo i ki čia imo aida
ŠlapelisJu gis1940:Ki čiuo as lenkiškas lie u ių kalbos žodynas,an ojilaida,Vilnius:
M.ŠlapelienėsLie u iųKnygynas,spaus u ė„Raida“.
VLKK2005:Vals ybinėlie u iųkalboskomisija.RekomendacijaDėl kai ku ių p iesagi-
nių eiksmažodžių ki čia imo,2005m.gegužės5d.,N .R-8(k-15).
VLKK2013:Vals ybinėlie u iųkalboskomisija.P o okolinisnu a imasDėl Vals ybinės
lie u ių kalbos komisijos 2005 m. gegužės 5 d. ekomendacijos N . R-8 (k-15) „Dėl kai ku-
ių p iesaginių eiksmažodžių ki čia imo“ pakei imo i papildymo,2013m.spalio3d.,
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Zigmas Zinke ičius 1992: His o y o he Li huanian language 5: The ise o he common
language, Vilnius: Publishing house Mokslo and encyclopedias.
Zinke ičius Zigmas 1994: Dialec ology o he Li huanian language, Vilnius: Science and
encyclopedic publishing house.
Accen ua ion His o y o
Li huanian Ve bs in - (i) o
Summa y
In he accen ua ion his o y o Li huanian e bs in -(i)u, he ollowing p ocesses could be obse ed:
In he ea lies econs uc ible s age, he su ix - (i) uo- unc ioned as a nondominan s ong one: e bs
de i ed om accen ually immobile wo ds we e s essed on he oo (de i a ional base), e.g., j-uo- i ←
j-as a. p. 1, while e bs de i ed om mobile wo ds we e s essed on he su ix, e.g., kelm-úo- i ← kélm-as
a. p. 3. In e bs de i ed om immobile non-acu e wo ds (mo e p ecisely, wo ds wi h a non-acu e
s em- inal syllable, e.g., a. p. 2 nouns), he s ess shi ed om he oo (i.e. he las syllable o he
de i a ional base) o he su ix due o Saussu e's law, e.g. *paš-uo- i > pa š-úo- i (paš-as a. p. 2), making
i impossible o sa e non-su ix s ess in e bs de i ed om immobile wo ds (i.e. wo ds wi h an acu e
s em- inal syllable o a s essed e b) o e bs ha had e ained hei non-su ix a e Saussu e's
law.
s em- inalsyllable ega dlesso  one/quan i y,e.g.a.p.1nouns).
3. Wi h hesp eado accen ualdominanceinde i a i es,su ixs esscame obe
ins anceso  e ainednon-su ixs essin e bsde i ed oma.p.1nounsa ea es edin
MikalojusDaukša’s ex s,F ied ichKu scha ’sdic iona y,ea lyno ma i edic iona ies,and
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Ac a Linguis ica 116 Li huanian XCI
In he pe iod a e Saussu e's law, new e bs wi h a s essed ci cum lex oo began o appea , in
which he ci cum lex had an iconic unc ion: i ma ked a slow, p olonged ac ion o s a e.
In he pas , he e m "symbolic" has been used o e e o a ype o consonan , bu in ecen yea s i has been
used o e e o a ype o consonan , such as a owel, consonan , o consonan .The e m "symbolic" has been
used o a numbe o di e en ypes o consonan s, including he consonan , owel, owel, owel, owel, owel,
wellas oo he su ixal e bal o ma ions(e.g.lku -iau- ie c.).Acco ding o20 h-cen u y
sou ces, hisci cum lex oo s essissha edbyalmos allLi huaniandialec s,albei ,in
owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel,
owel, owel, owel, owel, owel, owel. 7. The no ma i e wo ks om he 20 h and 21s cen u ies es i y o he
g adual disappea ance o ci cum lex oo s ess and he sp ead o su ix s ess in bo h ypes o e bs.
In wes e n Li huanian dialec s (especially in Li huania Mino ), non-su ix s ess may also appea in
a ious o he e bs o mo e ecen o igin, usually wi hou iola ing he inhe i ed p inciple ha s ess
is only possible in acu e monosyllabic oo s o non- inal emodeled e bs in -i-o i (e.g. páin-iuo- i).
syllableso mul isyllabicde i a ionalbases.Thesecanbeonoma opoeic(e.g. čì y -uo- i)
o o he wiseexp essi e e bs(e.g. àlaž-uo- i), ecen Ge manisms(e.g.býdel-iuo- i),and
Deli e ed on 25 June 2024
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The Uni e si y o Vilnius
Ca hed al o he Bal ic
The Uni e si y o Vilnius
Uni e si y o Vilnius, 5, LT-01131 Vilnius,
Li huania Vy au as. ink[email p o ec ed] This is a lis o uni e si ies in Li huania.