2 6 Ágo a Fó is, esz e B. Papp | C ea inganEnglish-Hunga ianTe mbase
| o Lase PhysicsTheDic ionELI
C ea ing an english-Hunga ian
Te mbase o Lase Physics1
The Dic ioneLi
ÁGOTA FÓRIS
Ká oliGáspá Uni e si yTERMIK
ESZTER B. PAPP
Ká oliGáspá Uni e si yTERMIKand LEGZ .
KEYWORDS: Dic ioneLi, e minological dic iona y, ield speci ic e minology policy, lase
physics, english-Hunga ian e minology dic iona y o lase physics
1. iNTRODUCTiON
The pape aims o in oduce a Hunga ian coope a i e p ojec ha had
he aim o collec ing english and Hunga ian e minology o lase phys-
ics, and making i publicly a ailable in a e minological da abase and a
e minological dic iona y. The collec ion and publica ion o english and
Hunga ian e minology o lase physics can be conside ed an objec i e
in Hunga ian e minology policy o lase physics. (On e minology poli-
cies see Guidelines o Te minologyPolicies, 2005; on Hunga ian e minol-
ogy policy, see Fó is, Se mann 2010; Fó is 2011; Fó is, Papp 2011.) Wo k
on lase e minology is bes ca ied ou h ough he coope a ion o ield
expe s and linguis s, mo e p ecisely wi h he collabo a ion o lase phys-
icis s and e minologis s, which is app op ia e o coo dina e he p ocess
and publish he esul s.
P epa a ion o his pilo p ojec began in he au umn o 2013, he p ojec
i sel was launched in Decembe 2013, and inished in Ap il 2015. in ou
p ac ice his was he i s e minology p ojec whe e we had he oppo -
uni y o ca y ou e e y s ep om s a o inish acco ding o in e na-
ional e minology ecommenda ions. The aim was o collec , ha monize
and publish english and Hunga ian e minology o lase physics.
1 W i en as pa o TÁMOP-4.1.1.C-12/1/KONV-2012-0005 p ojec i led “Ágaza i elkészí és a hazai
eLi p ojek el össze üggő képzési és K+F elada ok a”, and also unded by he Bolyai János esea ch
g an awa ded by he Hunga ian Academy o Sciences.
2 7Te minologija | 2015 | 22
The making o Dic ioneLi, he e minology da abase on lase physics,
is equally impo an o he de elopmen o Hunga ian language o spe-
ci ic pu poses, and o he quali y and quali y assu ance o english o
Hunga ian ansla ions. The mo he ongue is a means o no only com-
munica ion and iden i y, bu also o lea ning. Howe e , a communi y can
only exe cise i s igh o he use o he mo he ongue i ce ain condi-
ions a e gi en. One o hese condi ions is he exis ence o p ecise, ac-
cu a e and alida ed e minology in he gi en language. Te minology
needs o be collec ed, and i i is no o only pa ly a ailable, i needs o
be c ea ed. A human esou ce condi ion o he collec ion and/o c ea ion
o e minology is he close coope a ion o linguis s and ield expe s. As
o he ma e ial equi emen s, we need o men ion an es ablished ins i-
u ional backg ound, he a ailabili y o ools, and signi ican inancial
esou ces due o he ime consuming na u e o he p ocess. All his e o
is only ui ul howe e , i he e minology hus buil is made publicly
a ailable, meaning he checked and alida ed da a is published in open
access da abases and/o ( ee) online e minological dic iona ies (c . Ga-
linski, Weissinge 2010; iSO 860:2007). The collec ion, c ea ion, ha m-
oniza ion and publica ion o mo he ongue e minology is he join
du y o ield expe s and linguis s.
in he pape we p esen he p epa a ion o he p ojec , i s objec i es,
he me hods o building he e minology da abase and some examples
om he dic iona y (Dic ioneLi).
2. BACKGROUND, PARTiCiPANTS AND SOURCeS
OF THe PROJeCT
2.1. His o y o Hunga ian e minology o lase physics
The Hunga ian e minology o lase physics, he de elopmen he eo ,
and as a speci ic example he in oduc ion o he e m léze (eN ‘lase ’),
o name he new ype o ligh sou ce buil in 1960, in o he Hunga ian
e minological sys em, was discussed by Fó is (2005: 47–56, 68–90), based
on an in e iew wi h he physicis László Kozma. The i s lase was buil
in 1960 and soon a e i gained no only scien i ic signi icance, bu also
became a gene ally used ool (in medicine, in he indus y, in comme ce
e c.). Hunga ian lase esea ch began jus wo yea s a e he i s US and
Russian publica ions on he de ails o he i s lase , and in he e y same
2 8 Ágo a Fó is, esz e B. Papp | C ea inganEnglish-Hunga ianTe mbase
| o Lase PhysicsTheDic ionELI
decade esea ch and de elopmen p ojec s we e launched o p epa e ap-
plica ion a he Uni e si y o Szeged and a he KFKi o Budapes .2
The dissemina ion o esea ch indings was done in english and Russian,
while labo a o y wo k, eaching, c ea ing accep ance o he new scien i ic
ield and p epa a ions o applica ion we e done in Hunga ian. This made
i necessa y o de elop he Hunga ian e minology o lase physics.
The wo king commi ees o he Hunga ian Academy o Sciences and
he membe o ganiza ions o he Fede a ion o Technical and Scien i ic
Socie ies p o ided p o essional o um and publica ion oppo uni ies ha
made i possible o p esen scien i ic indings and in oduce and discuss
sugges ions ega ding e minology. The de elopmen o he s anda d on
lase s by he S anda ds Au ho i y o e ed e minology wo ks a amewo k.
Rep esen a i es o he ele an ins i u ions ook pa in he d a ing o he
s anda d, which also con ained e minological de ini ions. The e o e, no
only he e ms ixed in he s anda d, bu also all e ms o he domain
we e c ea ed h ough a p o essional consensus, based on he opinions o
ep esen a i es o he leading ins i u ions a he ields o esea ch, de el-
opmen and applica ion, and in e na ionally enowned expe s in science
and applica ion.
Fo example, hey ag eed o adap he e m w i en in english as lase
and w i e i in a way ha e lec s i s Hunga ian p onuncia ion, namely
léze . The main eason behind his was ha léze became a e m ha was
gene ally used in in e na ional scien i ic li e a u e, was inco po a ed in o
many languages, and he e o e can be conside ed an in e na ional exp es-
sion. i also me mos o he c i e ia o Hunga ian e ms.
F om his e m a la ge numbe o o he e ms we e c ea ed obse ing
he ules o he Hunga ian language, in a way ha hey did no in en
comple ely new exp essions, bu combined he new e m wi h exis ing
wo ds and endings, e c. This way a la ge numbe o compounds we e
o med, e.g.: new genus e ms such as ni ogénléze (ni ogen lase ), o-
lyadékléze (liquid lase ), CO2léze (CO2 lase ); léze kés(lase kni e),
léze nyom a ó(lase p in e ); léze e ápia(lase he apy), léze esanyagmeg-
munkálás (lase ma e ial p ocessing) e c.
2 “The dic iona y is dedica ed o he memo y o László Kozma and is án Ke skemé y p o esso s, who
s a ed lase esea ch in Szeged.” (Dic ioneLi, on page, Figu e 1.)
2 9Te minologija | 2015 | 22
2.2. The “Supe lase ” P ojec
The idea and possibili y o compile he da abase o lase e minology
a ose wi h a eu opean p ojec , he eLi (ex eme Ligh in as uc u e),
which is a la ge-scale eu opean p ojec . The p ojec was launched in 2008,
and equi es he coope a ion o a la ge numbe o esea ch and academic
ins i u ions om 13 eU Membe S a es. The inal aim o he eLi P ojec
is he cons uc ion o s a e-o - he a lase acili ies, which will be used
o esea ch and applica ion pu poses. One loca ion a which he ul asho ,
high ene gy lase is being buil is Szeged, Hunga y:
“The ex eme Ligh in as uc u e (eLi) p ojec is an in eg al pa o he
eu opean plan o build he nex gene a ion o la ge esea ch acili ies iden i-
ied and selec ed by he eu opean S a egy Fo um on Resea ch in as uc u es
(eSFRi). ex eme ligh in as uc u e will be he i s in as uc u e in he
wo ld o enable he in es iga ion o he in e ac ion be ween ligh and ma e
wi h he highes in ensi y, in he so-called ul a- ela i is ic ange. i will open
a doo way in o new e i o ies wi hin physics as well as es ablishing such new
echnical de elopmen s as ela i is ic mic oelec onics and small lase pa icle
accele a o s. eLi will ha e a conside able impac on nume ous ields o ma e ials
sciences, medicine and en i onmen p o ec ion.” (www.eli-hu.hu)
Since he i s lase was buil in 1960, Hunga ian lase physicis s ha e
been wo king in he o e on o esea ch and de elopmen , and his is
why Hunga y was selec ed as one o he loca ions o he in e na ional
lase p ojec (ex eme Ligh in as uc u e (eLi): www.eli-hu.hu). Szeged
in he sou h o Hunga y will hos he a osecond esea ch cen e o eLi:
“The main objec i e o eLi A osecond Ligh Pulse Sou ce (eLi-ALPS) is es-
ablishing a unique a osecond acili y which p o ides ligh sou ces be ween
THz (1012 Hz) and X- ay (1018-1019 Hz) equency ange o de elope s and
use s in he o m o ul asho pulses wi h high epe i ion a e. expe imen al
p ojec s demanding ul ahigh in ensi y ligh , like lase pa icle accele a ion o
lase gene a ed X- ay adia ion will be mainly ca ied ou a he Beamline Fa-
cili y in P ague, Czech Republic, while he pho oinduced nuclea expe imen s
will be pe o med a he esea ch ins i u e o be buil in Magu ele, nex o
Bucha es , Romania.” (www.eli-hu.hu)
The loca ion o he ou h esea ch cen e de o ed o non-linea quan um
elec odynamics and labo a o y as ophysics has no been decided ye .
2.3. The e minology subp ojec
The e minology de elopmen o lase physics was ca ied ou as pa o
he eLi lase p ojec hos ed by he Uni e si y o Szeged, mo e p ecisely
3 0 Ágo a Fó is, esz e B. Papp | C ea inganEnglish-Hunga ianTe mbase
| o Lase PhysicsTheDic ionELI
as one ask o he Támop-4.1.1.C-12/1/KONV-2012-0005 p ojec (see
h p://www.u-szeged.hu/ amop411c0005-index). The aim o he e minol-
ogy subp ojec was o compile a e minology da abase and an online
e minological dic iona y (Dic ioneLi, h p://dic ioneli.s epp.hu) a he
ield o lase s, mo e p ecisely high ene gy, a o- and em osecond pulse
lase s. Dic ioneLi con ains a pa o he da a we collec ed in he da abase,
bu no all.
Coope a ing pa ne s we e he Physics Depa men a he Uni e si y o
Szeged as he ield expe s and he Te minology Resea ch G oup a he
Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y (KRe TeRMiK) as he linguis s. Six e mi-
nologis s ook pa in he p ojec : Ágo a Fó is (KRe TeRMiK), esz e
Papp (LeG Z . & KRe TeRMiK), esz e Se mann (SZTe & KRe TeR-
MiK), And ea Faludi (LeG Z . & KRe TeRMiK), esz e Nagy (MSZT
& KRe TeRMiK), Ad ienn Pe ányi (KRe TeRMiK). Field expe e-
iewe s we e: Gábo Almási (PTe, Pécs), Miklós e délyi, Zol án Ho á h,
A ila Ko ács and Pé e Mak a (SZTe, Szeged), Miklós Klebniczki (Ke-
FO, Budapes ), A ila Ba ócsi and Pál Maák (BMGe, Budapes ), Aladá
Czi o szky and Miklós Ve es (SZFKi, Wigne FK, Budapes ). The idea
o igina ed om Ká oly Os ay (SZTe, Szeged), who helped us h ough
he p ojec wi h egula ad ice as well. Pé e Ma ó i (SZTe, Szeged) was
he p ojec manage , and Fe enc Ha asi (SZTe, Szeged) was in cha ge o
p og amming he da abase.
As he in e na ional p ojec ’s wo king language is english, pa icipan s
w o e all he documen s p epa ed du ing esea ch and de elopmen in
english, bu he documen a ion also had o be submi ed in Hunga ian.
These english documen s and hei Hunga ian ansla ion – abou lase
physics, ela ed o he eLi p ojec – se ed as he basis o e m ex ac-
ion. The p ocessed english and Hunga ian ex s con ained app oxima e-
ly 130 000 okens. We also ex ac ed e ms om i e english and Hun-
ga ian doc o al hesis summa y books. As a esul we iden i ied 5200
e minological uni s, and hei co esponding english and Hunga ian
e ms, along wi h con ex and o he ele an in o ma ion, we e included
in he dic iona y.
P ocessing he ex s and manually ex ac ing e ms, and se e al ounds
o expe e iew was a ime consuming p ocess and he e o e he p ojec
ook one and a hal yea s.

3 1Te minologija | 2015 | 22
3. THe MAKiNG OF TeRMiNOLOGy DiCTiONARy
OF LASeR PHySiCS (Dic ioneLi)
3.1. Co pus and wo king me hods
The aim o he e minology subp ojec was o compile a e minology
da abase and an online e minological dic iona y (Dic ioneLi) in he ield
o lase s, mo e p ecisely high ene gy, a o- and em osecond pulse lase s.
The i s s ep was o se he p inciples and me hodology o building a
e minology da abase. Ano he ini ial hing o do was o implemen he
me hods o e minology o he ield o he e minology o lase physics,
and o op imize applied e minology me hods and make hem mo e e -
ec i e.
The bilingual (english and Hunga ian) ex s ha we e w i en in con-
nec ion wi h he eLi p ojec we e handed o e o e minologis s in an
elec onic o ma ; hese ex s made up he esea ch co pus, and he bilin-
gual e m ex ac ion was ca ied ou om hem. The manually ex ac ed
da a we e s o ed in an excel able. This p ocess had he ollowing s eps:
1. ex ac ing sou ce e m candida e (indica ing he sou ce),
2. selec ing he de ini ion (i ound in he ex ),
3. ex ac ing a ge e m candida e(s) (indica ing he sou ce),
4. when ha ing se e al a ge language al e na i es, checking in e e -
ence wo ks (and wi h lase physicis s),
5. checking and ha monizing spelling,
6. e iew by ield expe s (lase physicis s).
Fu u e e minology s anda diza ion will be signi ican ly helped i com-
pu e assis ed ansla ion (CAT) ools a e also a ailable, which could in-
co po a e o me ansla ions in hei ansla ion memo y, and he excel
able could be easily con e ed o a e minology da abase. Such a ansla-
ion memo y and e mbase could help minimize ansla ion cos s and
educe e o s, and a consis en and ha monized e minology use en-
hances he cohe ence o he c ea ed ex .
The mos impo an objec i es o building he e minology da abase we e:
− de ining necessa y da a ields,
− illing up he da abase wi h he collec ed da a,
− making he da abase a ailable o ansla ions (as i can be inco p-
o a ed in o a CAT ool).
3 2 Ágo a Fó is, esz e B. Papp | C ea inganEnglish-Hunga ianTe mbase
| o Lase PhysicsTheDic ionELI
The da abase is ne e conside ed inished, i is con inuously expanded
wi h new ansla ions.
3.2. A ew examples o he lase e minology da abase
in he ollowing sec ion we a e going o illus a e he da a ields o he
excel able con aining he lase e minology h ough a ew examples (see
Table 1): he english sou ce e m (eN e m) / i s pa o speech (pa o
speech) / wha i is an abb e ia ion o (abb e ia ion o ) / con ex o he
english e m (eN con ex ) / he Hunga ian e m (HU e m) / Hunga -
ian synonyms (HU synonym) / he ca ego y o he Hunga ian e m (HU
ca ego y) /sou ce o he Hunga ian e m (HU sou ce) / con ex o he
Hunga ian e m (HU con ex ) / o he in o ma ion (o he ).
On he use su ace o he Dic ioneLi no all abo e in o ma ion is
isible.
Take an example o he english e b abso b, and i s Hunga ian equi a-
len elnyel. We indica ed bo h he english and he Hunga ian con ex in
he able, i s ca ego y is “jó áhagy a”, meaning ‘app o ed’, and you can
also see he sou ce (which is impo an o no e because i makes i ack-
able and easy o check).
The english abb e ia ion AFA-LIFT s ands o “abso bing ilm assis ed
lase induced o wa d ans e ”, in Hunga ian he english abb e ia ion is
used: AFA-LIFT.
The english noun ampli iedspon aneousemission means in Hunga ian
e ősí e spon ánemisszió. We indica ed he con ex , he ca ego y, sou ces
and abb e ia ion (ASe) he e as well.
The english noun chi pedmi o appea ed o ha e wo Hunga ian
equi alen s in wo di e en sou ce ex s: ázismoduláló ükö and csö pöl 
ükö . The i s Hunga ian e m e lec s he unc ion o he mi o , while
he second one includes he Hunga ian p onuncia ion o he english wo d
“chi ped”.
The english e m clean oom appea ed in ou sou ce ex s in h ee di -
e en spelling a ian s clean oom, clean- oom, clean oom, and we ound
wo Hunga ian equi alen s: isz a é and s e ilszoba (see Table 1).
We eco ded e ms ha ing di e en spelling o ha ing se e al Hunga -
ian equi alen s as sepa a e en ies (as hey a e homog aphs), and we lea e
i o he expe s o decide whe he hey e e o di e en o he same
concep s.
3 3Te minologija | 2015 | 22
Table 1. Examples o he lase physics e minology da abase
EN e m pa o
speech
abb e-
ia ion
o
EN con ex HU
e m
HU
syno-
nym
HU
ca e-
go y
HU
sou ce HU con ex o he
abso b e b Mul iple passes o he
pump ligh h ough he
hin disk a e ealized by
app op ia e pump op ics in
o de o abso b mos ( yp-
ically > 90%) o he pump
adia ion.
elnyel jó áha-
gy a
4_le_3.doc
A pumpa meg elelő op ikája
segí ségé el elé ik, hogy a
pumpáló ény öbbszö is
á haladjon a ko ongon és a
pumpáló sugá zás nagy é-
sze (jellemzően öbb min
90%-a) elnyelődjön.
AFA-LiFT abb e-
ia ion
abso b-
ing ilm
assis ed
lase
induced
o wa d
ans e
in he ins i u e o Physics
USZ a new lase -based
me hod o con olled
ans e o biological sam-
ples is de eloped, namely
he abso bing ilm assis ed
lase induced o wa d
ans e (AFA-LiFT).
AFA-
LiFT
elnyelő
ilmmel
segí e ,
léze el
indu-
kál ,
elő e
i ányuló
á i el
lek o-
ál
eLi 84_2014 -
02 6_ 6_J.Bohus
Az USZ Fizikai in éze ében
a biológiai min ák szabályo-
zo á i elének új, léze ala-
pú módsze é , ne eze esen
az elnyelő ilmmel segí e ,
léze el indukál , elő e i á-
nyuló á i el (AFA-LiFT)
ejlesz ik ki.
3 4 Ágo a Fó is, esz e B. Papp | C ea inganEnglish-Hunga ianTe mbase
| o Lase PhysicsTheDic ionELI
EN e m pa o
speech
abb e-
ia ion
o
EN con ex HU
e m
HU
syno-
nym
HU
ca e-
go y
HU
sou ce HU con ex o he
ampli ied
spon ane-
ous emis-
sion
noun The limi a ion due o he
ampli ica ion p ocess in
lase ampli ica ion media
is caused by spon aneous
emission occu ing a he
beginning o he ampli ie
chain ha is hen ampli-
ied along i s leng h and is
commonly e e ed o as
ampli ied spon aneous
emission (ASe).
e ősí-
e
spon án
emis-
szió
jó á-
hagy a
4_le_1.doc
A léze e ősí ő közegében
lejá szódó e ősí ési olyama
mia i ko lá ozás az e ősí ő
lánc kezde én jelen kező
spon án emisszió okozza,
amely az án ele ősödik an-
nak hossza men én, és ame-
lye ál alában e ősí e spon-
án emissziónak (ASe) ne-
eznek.
ASE
chi ped
mi o
noun Pulse in ensi y conside ing
addi ional dispe sion in o-
duced using bulk glass o
chi ped mi o s o p e-
s e ch he pulse du a ion
on he i s g a ing a ound
1-ps, which limi s nonlin-
ea e ec s and damage o
op ics.
ázis-
modu-
láló
ükö
jó á-
hagy a
3_SyLOS_ 01_le61
impulzusin enzí ás, igye-
lembe é e az impulzus-
hossznak az első ácson ö -
énő, – a nemlineá is ha á-
soka és az op ika ká osodá-
sá csökken ő – kb. 1 piko-
szekundumos előnyúj ásá-
hoz szükséges ömbi ü eg
agy ázismoduláló ük ök
ál al kel e öbble szó ásá .
chi ped
mi o
noun The pulse can be s e ched
by ma e ial and ecom-
p essed by chi ped mi -
o s.
csö -
pöl
ükö
jó á-
hagy a
4_le_1.doc
A léze impulzus megnyúj -
ha ó anyag segí ségé el, és
új a-összenyomha ó csö pöl
ük ökkel.