Creating an English-Hungarian Termbase for Laser Physics The DictionELI

2 6 Ágo a Fó is, esz e B. Papp | C ea inganEnglish-Hunga ianTe mbase | o Lase PhysicsTheDic ionELI C ea ing an english-Hunga ian Te mbase o Lase Physics1 The Dic ioneLi ÁGOTA FÓRIS Ká oliGáspá Uni e si yTERMIK ESZTER B. PAPP Ká oliGáspá Uni e si yTERMIKand LEGZ . KEYWORDS: Dic ioneLi, e minological dic iona y, ield speci ic e minology policy, lase physics, english-Hunga ian e minology dic iona y o lase physics 1. iNTRODUCTiON The pape aims o in oduce a Hunga ian coope a i e p ojec ha had he aim o collec ing english and Hunga ian e minology o lase phys- ics, and making i publicly a ailable in a e minological da abase and a e minological dic iona y. The collec ion and publica ion o english and Hunga ian e minology o lase physics can be conside ed an objec i e in Hunga ian e minology policy o lase physics. (On e minology poli- cies see Guidelines o Te minologyPolicies, 2005; on Hunga ian e minol- ogy policy, see Fó is, Se mann 2010; Fó is 2011; Fó is, Papp 2011.) Wo k on lase e minology is bes ca ied ou h ough he coope a ion o ield expe s and linguis s, mo e p ecisely wi h he collabo a ion o lase phys- icis s and e minologis s, which is app op ia e o coo dina e he p ocess and publish he esul s. P epa a ion o his pilo p ojec began in he au umn o 2013, he p ojec i sel was launched in Decembe 2013, and inished in Ap il 2015. in ou p ac ice his was he i s e minology p ojec whe e we had he oppo - uni y o ca y ou e e y s ep om s a o inish acco ding o in e na- ional e minology ecommenda ions. The aim was o collec , ha monize and publish english and Hunga ian e minology o lase physics. 1 W i en as pa o TÁMOP-4.1.1.C-12/1/KONV-2012-0005 p ojec i led “Ágaza i elkészí és a hazai eLi p ojek el össze üggő képzési és K+F elada ok a”, and also unded by he Bolyai János esea ch g an awa ded by he Hunga ian Academy o Sciences. 2 7Te minologija | 2015 | 22 The making o Dic ioneLi, he e minology da abase on lase physics, is equally impo an o he de elopmen o Hunga ian language o spe- ci ic pu poses, and o he quali y and quali y assu ance o english o Hunga ian ansla ions. The mo he ongue is a means o no only com- munica ion and iden i y, bu also o lea ning. Howe e , a communi y can only exe cise i s igh o he use o he mo he ongue i ce ain condi- ions a e gi en. One o hese condi ions is he exis ence o p ecise, ac- cu a e and alida ed e minology in he gi en language. Te minology needs o be collec ed, and i i is no o only pa ly a ailable, i needs o be c ea ed. A human esou ce condi ion o he collec ion and/o c ea ion o e minology is he close coope a ion o linguis s and ield expe s. As o he ma e ial equi emen s, we need o men ion an es ablished ins i- u ional backg ound, he a ailabili y o ools, and signi ican inancial esou ces due o he ime consuming na u e o he p ocess. All his e o is only ui ul howe e , i he e minology hus buil is made publicly a ailable, meaning he checked and alida ed da a is published in open access da abases and/o ( ee) online e minological dic iona ies (c . Ga- linski, Weissinge 2010; iSO 860:2007). The collec ion, c ea ion, ha m- oniza ion and publica ion o mo he ongue e minology is he join du y o ield expe s and linguis s. in he pape we p esen he p epa a ion o he p ojec , i s objec i es, he me hods o building he e minology da abase and some examples om he dic iona y (Dic ioneLi). 2. BACKGROUND, PARTiCiPANTS AND SOURCeS OF THe PROJeCT 2.1. His o y o Hunga ian e minology o lase physics The Hunga ian e minology o lase physics, he de elopmen he eo , and as a speci ic example he in oduc ion o he e m léze (eN ‘lase ’), o name he new ype o ligh sou ce buil in 1960, in o he Hunga ian e minological sys em, was discussed by Fó is (2005: 47–56, 68–90), based on an in e iew wi h he physicis László Kozma. The i s lase was buil in 1960 and soon a e i gained no only scien i ic signi icance, bu also became a gene ally used ool (in medicine, in he indus y, in comme ce e c.). Hunga ian lase esea ch began jus wo yea s a e he i s US and Russian publica ions on he de ails o he i s lase , and in he e y same 2 8 Ágo a Fó is, esz e B. Papp | C ea inganEnglish-Hunga ianTe mbase | o Lase PhysicsTheDic ionELI decade esea ch and de elopmen p ojec s we e launched o p epa e ap- plica ion a he Uni e si y o Szeged and a he KFKi o Budapes .2 The dissemina ion o esea ch indings was done in english and Russian, while labo a o y wo k, eaching, c ea ing accep ance o he new scien i ic ield and p epa a ions o applica ion we e done in Hunga ian. This made i necessa y o de elop he Hunga ian e minology o lase physics. The wo king commi ees o he Hunga ian Academy o Sciences and he membe o ganiza ions o he Fede a ion o Technical and Scien i ic Socie ies p o ided p o essional o um and publica ion oppo uni ies ha made i possible o p esen scien i ic indings and in oduce and discuss sugges ions ega ding e minology. The de elopmen o he s anda d on lase s by he S anda ds Au ho i y o e ed e minology wo ks a amewo k. Rep esen a i es o he ele an ins i u ions ook pa in he d a ing o he s anda d, which also con ained e minological de ini ions. The e o e, no only he e ms ixed in he s anda d, bu also all e ms o he domain we e c ea ed h ough a p o essional consensus, based on he opinions o ep esen a i es o he leading ins i u ions a he ields o esea ch, de el- opmen and applica ion, and in e na ionally enowned expe s in science and applica ion. Fo example, hey ag eed o adap he e m w i en in english as lase and w i e i in a way ha e lec s i s Hunga ian p onuncia ion, namely léze . The main eason behind his was ha léze became a e m ha was gene ally used in in e na ional scien i ic li e a u e, was inco po a ed in o many languages, and he e o e can be conside ed an in e na ional exp es- sion. i also me mos o he c i e ia o Hunga ian e ms. F om his e m a la ge numbe o o he e ms we e c ea ed obse ing he ules o he Hunga ian language, in a way ha hey did no in en comple ely new exp essions, bu combined he new e m wi h exis ing wo ds and endings, e c. This way a la ge numbe o compounds we e o med, e.g.: new genus e ms such as ni ogénléze (ni ogen lase ), o- lyadékléze (liquid lase ), CO2léze (CO2 lase ); léze kés(lase kni e), léze nyom a ó(lase p in e ); léze e ápia(lase he apy), léze esanyagmeg- munkálás (lase ma e ial p ocessing) e c. 2 “The dic iona y is dedica ed o he memo y o László Kozma and is án Ke skemé y p o esso s, who s a ed lase esea ch in Szeged.” (Dic ioneLi, on page, Figu e 1.) 2 9Te minologija | 2015 | 22 2.2. The “Supe lase ” P ojec The idea and possibili y o compile he da abase o lase e minology a ose wi h a eu opean p ojec , he eLi (ex eme Ligh in as uc u e), which is a la ge-scale eu opean p ojec . The p ojec was launched in 2008, and equi es he coope a ion o a la ge numbe o esea ch and academic ins i u ions om 13 eU Membe S a es. The inal aim o he eLi P ojec is he cons uc ion o s a e-o - he a lase acili ies, which will be used o esea ch and applica ion pu poses. One loca ion a which he ul asho , high ene gy lase is being buil is Szeged, Hunga y: “The ex eme Ligh in as uc u e (eLi) p ojec is an in eg al pa o he eu opean plan o build he nex gene a ion o la ge esea ch acili ies iden i- ied and selec ed by he eu opean S a egy Fo um on Resea ch in as uc u es (eSFRi). ex eme ligh in as uc u e will be he i s in as uc u e in he wo ld o enable he in es iga ion o he in e ac ion be ween ligh and ma e wi h he highes in ensi y, in he so-called ul a- ela i is ic ange. i will open a doo way in o new e i o ies wi hin physics as well as es ablishing such new echnical de elopmen s as ela i is ic mic oelec onics and small lase pa icle accele a o s. eLi will ha e a conside able impac on nume ous ields o ma e ials sciences, medicine and en i onmen p o ec ion.” (www.eli-hu.hu) Since he i s lase was buil in 1960, Hunga ian lase physicis s ha e been wo king in he o e on o esea ch and de elopmen , and his is why Hunga y was selec ed as one o he loca ions o he in e na ional lase p ojec (ex eme Ligh in as uc u e (eLi): www.eli-hu.hu). Szeged in he sou h o Hunga y will hos he a osecond esea ch cen e o eLi: “The main objec i e o eLi A osecond Ligh Pulse Sou ce (eLi-ALPS) is es- ablishing a unique a osecond acili y which p o ides ligh sou ces be ween THz (1012 Hz) and X- ay (1018-1019 Hz) equency ange o de elope s and use s in he o m o ul asho pulses wi h high epe i ion a e. expe imen al p ojec s demanding ul ahigh in ensi y ligh , like lase pa icle accele a ion o lase gene a ed X- ay adia ion will be mainly ca ied ou a he Beamline Fa- cili y in P ague, Czech Republic, while he pho oinduced nuclea expe imen s will be pe o med a he esea ch ins i u e o be buil in Magu ele, nex o Bucha es , Romania.” (www.eli-hu.hu) The loca ion o he ou h esea ch cen e de o ed o non-linea quan um elec odynamics and labo a o y as ophysics has no been decided ye . 2.3. The e minology subp ojec The e minology de elopmen o lase physics was ca ied ou as pa o he eLi lase p ojec hos ed by he Uni e si y o Szeged, mo e p ecisely 3 0 Ágo a Fó is, esz e B. Papp | C ea inganEnglish-Hunga ianTe mbase | o Lase PhysicsTheDic ionELI as one ask o he Támop-4.1.1.C-12/1/KONV-2012-0005 p ojec (see h p://www.u-szeged.hu/ amop411c0005-index). The aim o he e minol- ogy subp ojec was o compile a e minology da abase and an online e minological dic iona y (Dic ioneLi, h p://dic ioneli.s epp.hu) a he ield o lase s, mo e p ecisely high ene gy, a o- and em osecond pulse lase s. Dic ioneLi con ains a pa o he da a we collec ed in he da abase, bu no all. Coope a ing pa ne s we e he Physics Depa men a he Uni e si y o Szeged as he ield expe s and he Te minology Resea ch G oup a he Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y (KRe TeRMiK) as he linguis s. Six e mi- nologis s ook pa in he p ojec : Ágo a Fó is (KRe TeRMiK), esz e Papp (LeG Z . & KRe TeRMiK), esz e Se mann (SZTe & KRe TeR- MiK), And ea Faludi (LeG Z . & KRe TeRMiK), esz e Nagy (MSZT & KRe TeRMiK), Ad ienn Pe ányi (KRe TeRMiK). Field expe e- iewe s we e: Gábo Almási (PTe, Pécs), Miklós e délyi, Zol án Ho á h, A ila Ko ács and Pé e Mak a (SZTe, Szeged), Miklós Klebniczki (Ke- FO, Budapes ), A ila Ba ócsi and Pál Maák (BMGe, Budapes ), Aladá Czi o szky and Miklós Ve es (SZFKi, Wigne FK, Budapes ). The idea o igina ed om Ká oly Os ay (SZTe, Szeged), who helped us h ough he p ojec wi h egula ad ice as well. Pé e Ma ó i (SZTe, Szeged) was he p ojec manage , and Fe enc Ha asi (SZTe, Szeged) was in cha ge o p og amming he da abase. As he in e na ional p ojec ’s wo king language is english, pa icipan s w o e all he documen s p epa ed du ing esea ch and de elopmen in english, bu he documen a ion also had o be submi ed in Hunga ian. These english documen s and hei Hunga ian ansla ion – abou lase physics, ela ed o he eLi p ojec – se ed as he basis o e m ex ac- ion. The p ocessed english and Hunga ian ex s con ained app oxima e- ly 130 000 okens. We also ex ac ed e ms om i e english and Hun- ga ian doc o al hesis summa y books. As a esul we iden i ied 5200 e minological uni s, and hei co esponding english and Hunga ian e ms, along wi h con ex and o he ele an in o ma ion, we e included in he dic iona y. P ocessing he ex s and manually ex ac ing e ms, and se e al ounds o expe e iew was a ime consuming p ocess and he e o e he p ojec ook one and a hal yea s. 3 1Te minologija | 2015 | 22 3. THe MAKiNG OF TeRMiNOLOGy DiCTiONARy OF LASeR PHySiCS (Dic ioneLi) 3.1. Co pus and wo king me hods The aim o he e minology subp ojec was o compile a e minology da abase and an online e minological dic iona y (Dic ioneLi) in he ield o lase s, mo e p ecisely high ene gy, a o- and em osecond pulse lase s. The i s s ep was o se he p inciples and me hodology o building a e minology da abase. Ano he ini ial hing o do was o implemen he me hods o e minology o he ield o he e minology o lase physics, and o op imize applied e minology me hods and make hem mo e e - ec i e. The bilingual (english and Hunga ian) ex s ha we e w i en in con- nec ion wi h he eLi p ojec we e handed o e o e minologis s in an elec onic o ma ; hese ex s made up he esea ch co pus, and he bilin- gual e m ex ac ion was ca ied ou om hem. The manually ex ac ed da a we e s o ed in an excel able. This p ocess had he ollowing s eps: 1. ex ac ing sou ce e m candida e (indica ing he sou ce), 2. selec ing he de ini ion (i ound in he ex ), 3. ex ac ing a ge e m candida e(s) (indica ing he sou ce), 4. when ha ing se e al a ge language al e na i es, checking in e e - ence wo ks (and wi h lase physicis s), 5. checking and ha monizing spelling, 6. e iew by ield expe s (lase physicis s). Fu u e e minology s anda diza ion will be signi ican ly helped i com- pu e assis ed ansla ion (CAT) ools a e also a ailable, which could in- co po a e o me ansla ions in hei ansla ion memo y, and he excel able could be easily con e ed o a e minology da abase. Such a ansla- ion memo y and e mbase could help minimize ansla ion cos s and educe e o s, and a consis en and ha monized e minology use en- hances he cohe ence o he c ea ed ex . The mos impo an objec i es o building he e minology da abase we e: − de ining necessa y da a ields, − illing up he da abase wi h he collec ed da a, − making he da abase a ailable o ansla ions (as i can be inco p- o a ed in o a CAT ool). 3 2 Ágo a Fó is, esz e B. Papp | C ea inganEnglish-Hunga ianTe mbase | o Lase PhysicsTheDic ionELI The da abase is ne e conside ed inished, i is con inuously expanded wi h new ansla ions. 3.2. A ew examples o he lase e minology da abase in he ollowing sec ion we a e going o illus a e he da a ields o he excel able con aining he lase e minology h ough a ew examples (see Table 1): he english sou ce e m (eN e m) / i s pa o speech (pa o speech) / wha i is an abb e ia ion o (abb e ia ion o ) / con ex o he english e m (eN con ex ) / he Hunga ian e m (HU e m) / Hunga - ian synonyms (HU synonym) / he ca ego y o he Hunga ian e m (HU ca ego y) /sou ce o he Hunga ian e m (HU sou ce) / con ex o he Hunga ian e m (HU con ex ) / o he in o ma ion (o he ). On he use su ace o he Dic ioneLi no all abo e in o ma ion is isible. Take an example o he english e b abso b, and i s Hunga ian equi a- len elnyel. We indica ed bo h he english and he Hunga ian con ex in he able, i s ca ego y is “jó áhagy a”, meaning ‘app o ed’, and you can also see he sou ce (which is impo an o no e because i makes i ack- able and easy o check). The english abb e ia ion AFA-LIFT s ands o “abso bing ilm assis ed lase induced o wa d ans e ”, in Hunga ian he english abb e ia ion is used: AFA-LIFT. The english noun ampli iedspon aneousemission means in Hunga ian e ősí e spon ánemisszió. We indica ed he con ex , he ca ego y, sou ces and abb e ia ion (ASe) he e as well. The english noun chi pedmi o appea ed o ha e wo Hunga ian equi alen s in wo di e en sou ce ex s: ázismoduláló ükö and csö pöl  ükö . The i s Hunga ian e m e lec s he unc ion o he mi o , while he second one includes he Hunga ian p onuncia ion o he english wo d “chi ped”. The english e m clean oom appea ed in ou sou ce ex s in h ee di - e en spelling a ian s clean oom, clean- oom, clean oom, and we ound wo Hunga ian equi alen s: isz a é and s e ilszoba (see Table 1). We eco ded e ms ha ing di e en spelling o ha ing se e al Hunga - ian equi alen s as sepa a e en ies (as hey a e homog aphs), and we lea e i o he expe s o decide whe he hey e e o di e en o he same concep s. 3 3Te minologija | 2015 | 22 Table 1. Examples o he lase physics e minology da abase EN e m pa o speech abb e- ia ion o EN con ex HU e m HU syno- nym HU ca e- go y HU sou ce HU con ex o he abso b e b Mul iple passes o he pump ligh h ough he hin disk a e ealized by app op ia e pump op ics in o de o abso b mos ( yp- ically > 90%) o he pump adia ion. elnyel jó áha- gy a 4_le_3.doc A pumpa meg elelő op ikája segí ségé el elé ik, hogy a pumpáló ény öbbszö is á haladjon a ko ongon és a pumpáló sugá zás nagy é- sze (jellemzően öbb min 90%-a) elnyelődjön. AFA-LiFT abb e- ia ion abso b- ing ilm assis ed lase induced o wa d ans e in he ins i u e o Physics USZ a new lase -based me hod o con olled ans e o biological sam- ples is de eloped, namely he abso bing ilm assis ed lase induced o wa d ans e (AFA-LiFT). AFA- LiFT elnyelő ilmmel segí e , léze el indu- kál , elő e i ányuló á i el lek o- ál eLi 84_2014 - 02 6_ 6_J.Bohus Az USZ Fizikai in éze ében a biológiai min ák szabályo- zo á i elének új, léze ala- pú módsze é , ne eze esen az elnyelő ilmmel segí e , léze el indukál , elő e i á- nyuló á i el (AFA-LiFT) ejlesz ik ki. 3 4 Ágo a Fó is, esz e B. Papp | C ea inganEnglish-Hunga ianTe mbase | o Lase PhysicsTheDic ionELI EN e m pa o speech abb e- ia ion o EN con ex HU e m HU syno- nym HU ca e- go y HU sou ce HU con ex o he ampli ied spon ane- ous emis- sion noun The limi a ion due o he ampli ica ion p ocess in lase ampli ica ion media is caused by spon aneous emission occu ing a he beginning o he ampli ie chain ha is hen ampli- ied along i s leng h and is commonly e e ed o as ampli ied spon aneous emission (ASe). e ősí- e spon án emis- szió jó á- hagy a 4_le_1.doc A léze e ősí ő közegében lejá szódó e ősí ési olyama mia i ko lá ozás az e ősí ő lánc kezde én jelen kező spon án emisszió okozza, amely az án ele ősödik an- nak hossza men én, és ame- lye ál alában e ősí e spon- án emissziónak (ASe) ne- eznek. ASE chi ped mi o noun Pulse in ensi y conside ing addi ional dispe sion in o- duced using bulk glass o chi ped mi o s o p e- s e ch he pulse du a ion on he i s g a ing a ound 1-ps, which limi s nonlin- ea e ec s and damage o op ics. ázis- modu- láló ükö jó á- hagy a 3_SyLOS_ 01_le61 impulzusin enzí ás, igye- lembe é e az impulzus- hossznak az első ácson ö - énő, – a nemlineá is ha á- soka és az op ika ká osodá- sá csökken ő – kb. 1 piko- szekundumos előnyúj ásá- hoz szükséges ömbi ü eg agy ázismoduláló ük ök ál al kel e öbble szó ásá . chi ped mi o noun The pulse can be s e ched by ma e ial and ecom- p essed by chi ped mi - o s. csö - pöl ükö jó á- hagy a 4_le_1.doc A léze impulzus megnyúj - ha ó anyag segí ségé el, és új a-összenyomha ó csö pöl ük ökkel.