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Типы вариантов в терминологической лексике

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Типы вариантов в терминологической лексике

Author: Галина Феликсовна Вешторт
Year: 1985
Source: https://journals.lki.lt/actalinguisticalithuanica/article/download/1669/1767
MOKSLO KALBOS
KULTUROS IR
TERMINOLOGIJOS
PROBLEMOS LIETUVIU
KALBOTYROS
KLAUSIMAI, XXIV(1985)
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A.
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Passinyé
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ai apa ypuai
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Mincx,
1982,
c.
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adyKxayon
npad axadykayoela),
HO
‘alle
BCe o
B
GeNOpyccKOM
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OHM
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coOoi
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Cnopoo6pasoBaT-
eibuble BapHaHTB
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MPH NOMOULH
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Co3zanHbie 10
O HO MOZeMH
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moBasHagely
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napaeolmepHix
napasoimapanoni-
x, camagaadc ea
camayaaddse,
ca asiya
—
caxolyxa,
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cenanadbopuuelk,
Tpolcnée
—
Tpelcye,
lasiya
—
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le BaPHaHTHI
TAKKe
MOFyT
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OTCYTCTBH-
eEM HJIH
Hamuquem
cycuKca,
Hanmp. :
anadanadki,
eyda
eydauka,
3anans3ana-
nonik,
maTblLAbm-
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cCHeeauolcT
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ULanonixK.
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THNa
6yOa4Ka,
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BBEeHLI B
Pan
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OA
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pyccKUx
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babouKa, H B
CieluadbHOM
Hay4-
42
HOM
OGOpoTe, KaK
HB XKUBOIi
pew, B
LAHHBIX
cnydanx
MpeuMy lec-
TBo
ocTae e 3a
GeccyuKcubi-
mn
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yx nap). Uuble
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pa esbHbl€
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opeaHHe,
ys0peaKHe
pas6opeanne,
cHeeayoopKa
cueeanpolOip-
anne,
cyy AoHaniT-
o:
cyyanoHaada-
zieaxe .
Ocobyio
pa3HOBHsHO-
CTh
CNOBOOOpas-
0BaTeAbHOH
BapHaHTHOC-
TH
COCTABAAIOT
CO*KHbIe
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a, B KOTOPbIX
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Hamp.
:Ka#2600c ea
Koxeeadoyan,
npoyiyick
cynpayoyick,
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e:cynpayopa-
keTHol,
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aye uc .
camayaadc -
ea.
CnoBoobpas-
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MO YT
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Halp. :
w4ana
npoluu4a-
naK, 3amepabmep.
Kaxkan
pasHOBHAHOCTb
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To
cyduxc
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H
HECOBepIIeHHOFO
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TO
KOJMYECTBO
BOSMOXHBIX
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OAHOTO
ila owa,
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Halip. :
absasa
—
abaoy
—
absoyaigann-
e, ad6op
ad6ipanne
—
ad6opka,
—
packaad
packaadanne
—
packaaoean-
—
ne
packaadka.
—
[Ipouecc
o6pas0BaHus
MOAOOHEIX
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2%KHBOH
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0-
cTaTOUHO
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(HamIp. :
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—
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sanipaganke
—
sanasaHne,
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e),
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u
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e asypoijKa,
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He
epadsipojka,
Kanandpasax-
He
KananOpogKa,
Kanibpasanne
Kxanibpoyxa.
B
nepeyucueHH-
bIX H HM
MOAOOHKIX
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na B Apx-
43

6oyye ,
maconnan
é6apcoyjKa,
yOanan
epolmipoyKa)
u,
Kak
TipaBHulo,
OTMHYa-
1OTCA
HEKOTOPbIM
MIHMpeylecTBOM
M10
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yno pe61enua.
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ceman uyeckoe
u
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cyuec -Me
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MpHCTaBOYHEIX
la ogos, Hanp.
:a6T046aKHe
ab ouKa,
—
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—
adnaileanne
adna ixa;
—
Oaeap oijeanHe
—
Oaeap ogka,
nepa axanseanne
—
nepa akanka;
aganodaxasanod-
He
—
eanne, ab.
MepKasanne
—
abmapKoyeanne,
adcaaenne
—
adcaoii-
Sanne;
anpamanenne
—
anpamexoeanne,
aTaAcamAenHe
—
aTancamaisanne.
B
o aa ompubix
CYILCCTBHTeIbHBIX,
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ia osoB
co-
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H
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n iane
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€.
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e o
O OpagoBanne.
Cp. :
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Holmi
npaeciami
c ana
ma aii
monadsi
H
Mol id3ém
asanodeaHHa
Oa
noBEI-
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Kpoini4ami
axepeii;
c
Apy oi
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—
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na
aeanodanu o
ma ic ap-
CTé6am
WH
NaukWAi
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2adH
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o uom enusx
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u
cyuxcom
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nanp. :
ab20y ab-
—
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a0kopm
—
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a6mep
—
abmepeanne,
adc p3a
—
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—
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Hexo opoe
npeumymec so
no
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uMelo
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cylecTBuTebHbIe.
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xe
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a
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m0
mMoyzenu
pogHo o
AsblKa,
Hallp. :
anpabayoia
—
anpa-
6asa nne
—
anpabojeaune,
apblexTau ola
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—
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—
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—
Kac polpaeanne,
Cy-
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-4ola
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opio
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u
aBasioTCA
C€MaHTHYECKHM
IeHTpOM
Bce o
cyIO-
BoOOpasoBaTebHO O
Hessa.
Mexay
o aa oabHbimn
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c
Pa3sHbIMu
cyddukcamu
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TYT
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H
Gomee
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KO Za
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OJHOM
U3
BapHaHToB
—
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¢
cypuKcom
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u
0-cydbduxkcom
—
nomumo
3Hayenns
ATBelicua,
PasBuBaeTCH
3HaYeHHe
KOHKpeTHOCTH:
a)
pesybTaT
Aelic aus,
Hanp.
adap :-
Oogka
Be ,
OTTeHOK>,
BolcoinKka
ChIIb>,
Bab4OHKa
MYKa,
epynoiKa
oObequHeHHe,
pynna,
epyx oyKa
cnoi,
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ka
pak
cknaloK,
aOnaa
<o6omxeHHBIi
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adeod
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adceij
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470
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IpH
noMOImH
KOTOPOTO
OcyllecTBAAETCA
HASbIBAeMOe
B
TepBOM
3HayeHuu
Helic aue,
Hanp. :
abanmoyKa
Ma epunan,
sanoyoyKa
Malina,
Opanipoyjka
o, uem
3alpa-
MMHPOBaHO;
B)
cnocob,
XapakTep
93To o
ATBelicus,
Hamp. :
KKazad,
Ainéjxa,
waipoyka.
Uac o
mo yT
ume b
TIAMpe€THOe
3HaYeHHe
CyIeCTBUTeIbHbIe
Ha
Hola:
epanyAnyola,
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Kamniaayown
1
Ap.
Haun enbHO
mp Gog
44
3HoOpe aio
suayenue
B
BapHaHTHoM
Pay
cyllecTBuTenbubie
Ha
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BAsaHHe,
Bapnan s
na
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u
-eann(
e)
MOT y
pasM4aTECA
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SHaualoT
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—
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u
He abacuane-
SaHHe,
GHAMCHANHE
H
AHAMeYeaHHe,
anycTOWAHHe
u
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abAcKO-
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u
abackonepeanue.
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o no o
BapuaHTHo o
pa a, Oyay4yu
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c
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TepyeT H36exKaHHIO
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pasNW4HBIX
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mp
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Ipexmpusa ua);
3000.
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u
AinANHe
(mpo
oKpa-
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npolene anne
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u
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saxaeanHe
coxpaHeHue
B
IeMOCTH,
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SaxO0YeanHe
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O genbuyio
pynny
Bapwan os
coc apasio
oue uyeckue,
ophoannyeckue,
opdo paduyeckne
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ae
HOPMHPOBaHHe
MOXKHO
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mpo-
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o epe b
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adziea
—
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kKanép
—
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—
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npasidaa
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Npo olnak
—
npa olaak,
cKp3s62a
—
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—
by apaa).
Vi
anech
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TO
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CHOBJCHHA
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yo
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WenOM.
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(@unono uyeckux)
cnosapax. S o3aqayua
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W
cneluabubIX
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