PROBLEMS
OF
LITHUANIAN
LEXIC AND
TERMINOLO-
GY
QUESTIONS
OF
LITHUANIAN
WORDS, XXIX
(1991)
KAZIMIERAS
PAKALKA D.
POSKA’S
WORDS
GENESIS
AND LAST
Dionizas
PoSka
(abou
1757—1830)
was no
only a g ea
poe , bu
also a good
wo d
collec o
and
e hnog aph-
e . He
unde s ood
he
necessi y
o a new
Li huanian
Zodynas and
w o e
abou i
se e al
imes. In
1821 he
in i ed
Vilnius
Uni e si y
o join him
in w i ing a
Zodyn o
Li huanian
his o y,
Li huanian
language
and
g amma
(PoSka, 1959,
271). I hink
i is
impossible
o w i e
good
g amma
un il we
ha e an
accu a e
Zodyne. The
Zodynas is
he
ounda ion
o he
language
(PoSka, 1959,
489). PoSka
lea ned,
wha galé y
soj Zodyna
pa aSy i. He
ne e saw a
w i e , and
in his old age
he wo ked
as a
sculp o .
His
lexicog aph-
ical wo k
was
suppo ed
by o he
Zemai iy
w i e s.
Zodyna, as
indica ed on
he i le
page, he
began o
w i e in
Ma ch 1825.
Day 8.
The
au ho
himsel
Zodynq
called
i ,,S ow-
nik
języka
Li ewski-
ego,
Polskiego
i
Lacinski-
ego“. IS
ik yjy
Zodynas
is lenky
—lie u iy
—la yny
speak. M.
B ensz -
ejn
(1874—1938)
conside-
s 1825 as
he da e
when
Po’ka
Zodyna
began o
w i e
he ,,8 a -
aS j“
(B ensz -
ejn, 1934,
20—21).
B ens e-
in mus
ha e
come o
his
conclusi-
on based
on he
s a eme-
n o L.
Jucewicz
(1813—1846-
), who
knew D.
Poska
well: “And
all he
hou s o
his
wo king
li e he
de o ed
o
w i ing
o he
Li huani-
an
Zodyn”
(Jucewic-
z, 1837,
23).
Juce i i-
aus
s a eme-
n was
con i m-
ed by
Poska
himsel in
he
“Zodyno
medZiag-
a”
(No es).
He
w o e:,,-
While
making
he
Zodinink-
a, I had a
lo o
wo k—I
w o e
and
e-w o e
i in my
own
hand”
(PoSka,
1959, 199).
V.
Maci in-
as
belie es
ha
PoSka
ca ied
ou he
p epa a-
o y
wo k o
he
Zodynas
al eady
be o e
1825,
“[1825]
mus
ha e
been only
he
beginning
o he
e-w i i-
ng o he
p e ious-
ly
collec ed
Zodynas
ma e ial,
because
i is ha d
o belie e
ha an
old man
would be
able o
w i e
such a
la ge
(mo e
han 2000
pages)
handw i-
en
Zodynas
in i e
yea s
un il his
dea h”
(Maci in-
as, 1981,
31). PoSka
had he
aim o
b ing as
many
ZodZiy as
possible
o he
Zodynq.
Zodyna
Po&ka
compa -
ed i o a
o es :
as in a
la ge
o es
you ha e
o ind all
kinds o
ees, so
in Zodyna
— e e y
desi ed
Zodj. On
he
second
side o
he
co e
page o
he
Zodyn he
p esen -
ed his
own
ou -line
poem:
Tha
o es is
he ue
name o a
good
man,
Tha
inds
e e y
ee
ha
needs
and
wan s:
So and
my
Zodinink-
s, I wan
o be
such, Kad
as y
koZnq
Zodi,
ku io kas
ieSko y
(PoSka,
1959, 87).
8.
Lie u iy
linguis ics
ques ions
29
.
113
His Zodyn
in Polish
Zodziy
egis a
is based
on S. B.
Lindés
SeSia o-
mio,,S o-
wnik
jezyka
polskieg-
o“
(1807-1814-
). A e
mee ing
Lindés
Zodyn,
PoSka
ealized
she was
no equal
o Lindé.
Todél
w o e in
he
second
page a
kind o
humble
excuse:
Lindé
w o e
o he
Poles a
g ea
Zodininka,
Wo hy
o he
honou a-
ble name
o a good
w i e ,
Bu on
he
p esen
w i e
will say
no one
child: A ,
nei he
so, no so
paiSé
Zemai is
suppo
(PoSka,
1959, 85).
The news
o he
ounding
o he
Polish
Zodyna,
acco ding
o
B ens ei-
n, sp ead
quickly
among
he Polish
bigulins:
he poe
S. Valiinas
(1789-1831)
w o e a
le e o
li e a y
c i ics
(Vali in,
1957,
293-294). In
ha
le e ,
Valiin
en husia-
s ically
suppo -
ed Poska
Zodyn's
idea and
ga e
Zodyn's
w i e s
some
use ul
ad ice.
Sound
abou
PoSka
Zodyngq
sp ead in
Vilnius
Uni e si-
y.
P o ess-
o J.
Loboika
(1786—1861)
o he
Uni e si-
y o Sio
in o med
N.
Rumianc-
e a abou
Poska and
his
Zodyna. In
1825
Loboika
wen o
Zie e in
Zemgale
o see
Poska
Zodyn3
(Maci ina-
s, 1981, 32).
Poska
u hless
Zodyno
aSy i. In
i e
yea s he
w o e
mo e
han hal ,
up o he
Polish
wo d,,sia-
nie“.
Poska,
no ye
inished
w i ing
he
dic iona -
y, was
hinking
abou
p in ing
i . This is
shown by
he no e
o he
p in ing
p ess
(,,P zes -
oga dla
d uka ni-
“) quo ed
in Zodyne,
whe e
PoSka
ad ises
o use
such
p in ing
s amps in
he
p in ing
p ocess,
om
which he
eade
can see
he
di e en-
ces
be ween
he
indi idual
pa s o
he
language
(S ownik-
..., I ., 163,
671).
PoSka,
being
se iously
ill, held in
his hands
he a e
o S y
and
Zodyn. In
his will he
le all
Li huani-
an
manusc i-
p s o
Kaje an-
os
Nezabi a-
uskas
(1800—1876-
). In he
las
pa ag a-
ph o he
Polish
es ame-
n he
w o e:,,I
wan my
Li huani-
an
manusc i-
p s, as
hey will
be ound,
o be
handed
o e o
M .
Kaje on-
as
Nezabi a-
uskis,
li ing in
Wa saw,
Kingdom
o Poland,
and
wo king
o he
sake o
he
Li huani-
an
language*
(PoSka,
1959,
672-677).
The
execu ion
o he will
was
en us -
ed o
Zmona
U Sule's
b o he
Vincen
Sosnoys-
ky, a
lieu enan-
-colonel
o he
Russian
a my
(B ensz -
ejn, 1934,
17). As we
will see
om
Zodyn's
la e
his o y,
he did no
w i e he
PoSka
es ame-
n .
Fo una-
ely, he
manusc i-
p o he
PoSka
Zodyn,
which had
been
decla ed
missing
se e al
imes,
a e
a ious
wande in-
gs
eached
he
p esen
day.
Zodyn's
handw i -
ing
c ossed
he hands
o many
Zmoniy.
O
cou se,
o
accu a -
ely ack
his
jou ney
is
da a-dis-
u bed.
Jucewicz
i s
published
abou he
Posko
Li huani-
an
language
Zodyna in
1837 in a
bookle ,,-
S aukos
i naujyjy
lenky
poe y i
keli
Zodziai
apie
lie u iy
kalba i
li e a i -
a“
(Jucewic-
z, 1857, 23).
This ac
is
epea ed
in he
e iew o
his book
by an
unknown
au ho
—,,Naujas
kii inys*
(Magazyn
Powszec-
hny“, 1837,
229). The
edi o ial
boa d o
he
pe iodica-
l,,.Magaz-
yn
Powszec-
hny“
along he
Posko
Zodyn
handw i -
ing added
he
ollowing
s a eme-
n :,,I8
pa ikimy
Sal iniy
suzZinoj-
ome, ha
Sis
handw i -
ing,
es ame-
n u
uz aSy -
as Kaje .
Nezabi a-
uskas,
should
ha e been
Siam
wo n
back in
1830, bu
un o es-
een
ci cums -
114
ances §j
hand aS-
j was
held in
Kaunas, in
he hands
o a
lawye
[Ju ge i-
čius]. Bu
i is
desi able
ha he
manusc i-
p should
each i s
des ina i-
on,
because
his
would
ul ill he
las will
o he
au ho ,
and
Li huania-
n—Zemaič-
ių
li e a u-
e would,
o
cou se,
only
bene i ”
(Juce iéi-
us, 1959,
667). The
au ho o
he
handw i -
en
Li huani-
an
g amma ,
Juozas
Ciulda
(1796—1861-
), ga e
some
in o ma -
ion abou
he
u he
his o y
o PoSka
Zodyn. He
w o e
abou he
a e o
he Po'ka
ga den in
his "B ie
ou line o
he ules
o
g amma
o he
Zemai iy
language-
".,,Some
people
wan o
conside
he
men ion-
ed ga den
as me ely
imagina -
y, bu
his is
no
co ec . I
don'
know how
Zodyno's
au og a-
ph go o
Kaunas,
all8kai no
knowing
Zemai iS-
kai. I was
bo owi-
ng om
him o a
couple o
days. The
manusc i-
p was
wo la ge
olumes
in 4°
mino i
om he
le e s A
o P
inclusi e,
in h ee
language-
s;
lie u iy—l-
enky and
la yny. I
wan ed
o buy i ,
bu he
p ice is 18
b. Sil e
was oo
expensi e
o me.
A e he
un o u-
na e,
ankly
speaking
in he
g ea es
po e y,
lonely
dea h o
Ju ge iči-
us, bo h
all his
belongin-
gs and
his
handw i -
ing did
no know
whe e
hey
disappea-
ed. And,
i seems,
Zu o
o e e "
(Ju gu is,
1960, 25).
Ciulda had
o
e alua e
PoSka
Zodyna:,,-
Despi e
being in
wo
olumes,
Zodynas,
in my
opinion,
has aken
up
pe haps
only hal
o he
wo ds
beginning
wi h
hose
le e s.
I is no
he wo k
o one
pe son
and i is
no
empo a-
y
(Ju gu is,
1960, 25).
Ciulda
was
be e
acquain -
ed wi h
Poska
Zodyn
han he
o he s.
His
g amma
is »long
pieces...«
In he
nex
chap e ,-
Apie
Zemai i8-
ky
eilé aS¢iy
a’yma“
he
eminds
us o
examples
gi en by
PoSkos
Zodynas
(Ciulda,
70—72).
Ciulda's
claim
ha
Po8ka
Zodyno
was in
wo
olumes
is beyond
doub .
And wo
olumes
o Zodyn
ha e
eached
us. The
i s
olume in
apémé: A
—Ozieb o
(1116 pp.),
he
second
olume:
Ozieblogé
—Sianie
(969 pp.).
Full lis
2040
pages.
"Nezinia,
kodél
Ciulda
nemini
Poskos
zodyno
dalies R
—Sianie"
(in
Li huania-
n). Maybe
Ciulda
made a
mis ake
when
indica ing
he
olume o
he
Zodynas
by
le e s,
maybe
no he
en i e
Zodynas
manusc i-
p
Ju ge i -
is
bo owed
om
Ciulda,
Po’ka
himsel
di ided
he
Zodyna
no by
olumes
and pages
o lea es,
bu by
shee s.
The
en i e
handbook
consis s
o 255
shee s. 4
shee s
pe
shee .
The Polish
linguis J.
Ka lo igi-
us
(1836—1903)
was
in e es -
ed in
PoSka
Zodyn, as
well as in
Li huani-
an
s udies in
gene al.
In he
chap e ,,-
B eak h-
oughs in
Li huani-
an
Bibliog a-
phy“ o
he
s udy,,A-
pie
lie u iy
kalbą“ he
ga e a
Ziniy
abou
Poska
Zodyna.
Ka lo i i-
us
ank aS-
io
nema é. He epea ed he da a o Juce i is and Ciulda abou PoSka Zodyna.
Ka lo iči-
us
himsel
indica ed
ha he
Vilnius
booksell-
e J.
Za adsk-
is had
gi en him
he
manusc -
ip o
Ciulda’s
“T umpi
me men-
ys...”,
p epa ed
o
p in ing
(Ka lowi-
cz, 1875,
226—227).
Ka lo iéi-
us,
epea i-
ng
s ic ly
Ciulda’s
in o ma-
ion,
missed
he ac
ha
Ciulda
himsel
wan ed
o buy
Po’ka
Zodyna in
Ju ge ié-
ius. As
Ciulda
himsel
w o e,
wi h
Ju ge i -
ium he did
no
ma ch
dél
Zodyn's
p ice. In
Ka lo igi-
aus
opinion,
Zinias
abou
Poska
Zodyn's
ip o
Kaunas
p esen -
ed
Juce i i-
aus
bookle ,,-
[8 o og -
a ijos i8
naujyjy
lenky
poe y...*
anonymo-
us
e iewe-
. IS
eally no
he
e iewe-
, bu
he,,.Ma-
gazyn Powszechny“ edi o ial boa d i sel announced ha
PoSko's
hand has
been opened.
I 's a shame.
K.
Jokan as
(1880-1945-
), known
unde
he
pseudon-
ym A.
MiSkonis
(Miskoni-
s, 1905),
e ealed
he
u he
a e o
PoSka Zodyn, wi hou speci ying Sal iniy.
ae
115
PoSkos
Zodyno
ank aS i,
by
Jokan 's
es imony, ound
A.
In a
(1819-1880)
mano
house
In Zemai ija
h own all
su
so s o
Slam& u
un
kno s.
Ma y ,
PoSkos
Zodynas
a e
buyo pas
i
A.
Al eady.
Mi us
A.
JuSkai,
Po'kos
Zodynas
su
in all
o he s
Juskos
ank aS iais
likes b o he
jo
Jonui
(1815—
1886).
Mi us
J.
You
know,
Poska's
ga den is you s.
jo
Zmonai
Felicia.
JuSkienei,
li ing
Sleep.
Podcas
biog aphe
B enS eino
Acco di-
po
ng o
news, Juska's dea h
jo
Zmona
Po&kos
Zodyna
oge he
wi h man's
su
hand
1908m.
dona ed
Li huani-
an
Science Socie y
in Vilnius
(B ens ein,
1934,
27).
PoSkos
Zodyno
A o P
supplemen-
s
,,No as”,
acco ding
o
1912
m.
B enS ein,
has
ansmi -
ed o he socie y
Jablonskis
(1860—
1930)
(B ens ein,
1934,
28).
_
Lib a y
o he
Li huani-
an Scien i ic Socie y
su
Po'kos
Zodyno
ank as iu
pa eldéjo
Lie u os
Moksly
Academies
Ins i u e
o
i
Li huanian
Language and Li e a u e.
Now
PoSkos
Zodyno
ank aS is
i
pho ocopies
ese ed
Lib a y o
he
i
Li huanian
Language and
Li e a u e
Ins i u e.
LITERACY
B enš ejn
M.
Dionysus
Paszkiewicz,
Polish-Li huani-
an w i e
nu
Zmudzi
w
The Fi s
Ship
19 h
cen u y.
Wilno,
1934.
Ciulda
J.
A sho
in oduc ion o
o
he g amma o
he language
Zmudzkiego
( ank ai is).
Jucewiez
L.
Excep ions o
z
mode n Polish
poe s en iched
Li huanian
language by
na
adding se e al
hund ed
z
wo ds o
Li huanian
li e a u e.
o
i
Wilno,
1837.
Juce i ius
L.
A.
You ound i .
V.,
1959.
Ju gu is
V.
Ras a
Juozo
Ciuldo
1854
Me y
g amma
//
Lib a y
wo k.
1960.
No.
1.
Ka lowicz
J.
O
in
Li huanian
//
Thesis,
1875
(i8p in ed
wi h a
sepa a e s amp).
Maciene
V.
Vilnius
Uni e si y
i
li u iSkasis
XIX p .
a.
Sajidae
//
Ins i u e o
Li huanian
S udies
1979
m.
su azi anja
wo ks.
Chicago
Illinois,
1981.
MISCONIS
A.
[K.
Jokan as].
Dionysus
PoSka
//
Vilniaus
Idio s.
1905.
No.
18.
New
Dzielo
//
Magazyn
Common,
dia y o
use ul news.
Yea
Fou
w
Wa saw
1837.
Poska
D.
You ound i .
V.,
1959.
Condi ion
o language
Li huanian,
Polish
i
Lacinskiego
by
Dionizego
Paszkiewicza
Zmuydzi-
na
( ank a’ is).
Vali in
S.
Raszan em
lie u iszka
Zodini
//
Ch es omacy
o he His o y
o Li huanian
Li e a u e
i
Feudalism
/
Suda é
K.
Ko sakas,
J,
Lebedys.
V.,
1957.
P.
293—295.
K.
TIAKAJIKA
TEHE3MC
WU
CYAbBA
CHIOBA-
PA J.
MOWKH
Pesiome
7I.
Tlom ka
(ox.
1757-1830)
6n11
He
TOMBKO
109TOM,
HO
H
HeKcuko pa om.
Ox
XOPOIO
Oco-
3Hall
HY2KY
B
Hobbs and
Shaw.
U oOni
3anonHHTs
sTOT
Ipobe ,
B
1825
.
on
E o
COCTABNATh
TPCXbASLIMHbI
JIMTOBCKO-IOMbCKO-NaTHHCKHK
coBapb
,,Słownik
języka
li ewskiego
polskiego
i
acinskiego“.
Ho
mo
cymiecTBy
cnOBapb
ABUIAeTCA
MOsbCKO-NaTHHCKO-NUTOBCKUM.
PeecTpoM
MOsbCKHX
CHIOB
NOCHYKI
U3BeCTHEIM
cHOBapb
C. B.
J nune
,,S annik
języka
polskiego“
(1807-1814).
Tlom ka
c asun nepey
coo yemb
nom oToBuTS
nomHBI
cmoBaps.
Ho
a oi
em
He
JOcTu .
Pykonuce
cnosaps
oOpsipae ca
Ha
cnone
"Sianie",
Coc asun
apa
Take:
I
A
—
Ozieblo,
II
Ozieb o-
S¢
—
Hay.
Bce o
8
cnopape
2040
c.
116
I 's a
3aseujan-
uio Moun
pykonucb
ciopaps
nepemuia
K
mMTepa -
opy
Kae ona-
cy
He3saOu-
aycKucy,
KOTOpEI
xu B
Bapn ase.
He's been
a es ed.
He's been
a es ed.
She
wan s o
ge a
FOp asu-
u ocy B
Kaywace
agpoxa e.
Anpoxa
co6upas-
ca
ciloBapb
nposa Ts.
I'm su e
ha 'll
make he
4-yea -ol-
ds happy.
I'll be
he e o
you. I'll be
he e o
you. I'm
su e
you' e
hea d
abou he
Nonaya B
coyo e.
I 's he
same as
he Gpa a
Vouaca. In
1908, he
became a
membe
o he SS.
Fou o
hem a e
in he
mou h o
he Hays
Homicide.
I'm no
going o
buy
opium. I'm
no going
o buy
opium. I'm
no going
o buy
opium. I'm
no going
o buy
opium. B
pykOnMc-
HOM
OT eneH-
uu
YNOMAH-
YTO O
HHCTMT-
yTa
CHOBapb
XPaHUT-
CA HM
NOHBIHe.