137diskusinės publikacijos / discussion pape s
oLandas k egŽdys
Ins i u e o Li huanian Language
Resea ch a eas: compa a i e g amma o he Bal ic and o he
Indo-Eu opean languages, he eligion and my hology o he Bal ic, sou ces.
eas e n Bal ic phy ons
Mo phine clea age
and Pa umai
(e hnici y o he wo d iden i ica ion)
P obLeMa ika) is he name o he d ug.
Mo phological segmen a ion peculia i ies
o eas e n bal ic phy onyms (e hnic
iden i ica ion opics o he lexemes)
bal ic and indoeu opean
In memo y o P o esso Albe o Rosino (1938-2010):
"Huic e sa ile ingenium sic pa i e ad omnia ui , u
na um ad id unum dice es, quod cunque age e " (This is he i s ime I' e seen his in a long ime.
(Ti us Li ius) Wha a e you alking abou ?
The a icle is in ended o analyze he peculia i ies o he mo phological decomposi ion […]
submo phological sepa a ion […] o eas e n whi e phy onyms, o discuss hei e ymological
de elopmen . De e mining he leas signi ican pa o a wo d is conside ed o be an essen ial
ac o in de e mining he di ec ion o e ymological analysis o lexemes. The s uc u e o he
mo pheme is analyzed no by he a omic bu by he econs uc i e-p agma ic me hod. he
smalles gene ic pa o he econs uc ed wo d, i.e. he o mal al e na e, is econs uc ed on
he basis o he alue o he […] seman ics […] o he a ibu i e ac o . The mo phological ( esp.
e ymological) analysis o hese phy onyms is p o ided: lie. plan o he amily […]g azdikinių
(Malachium)[…], lie. poisonous plan (Cicu a) o he genus Nuokana, lies. These wo ds a e: phy onym,
submo ph, seman ics, homophonic, ka madhā aya composi e, associa i e, and appeal.
keywo ds: phy onym, submo ph, seman eme, homophone, ka madhā aya
compound, associa i e, appella i e. This is a lis o wo ds ha ha e been used in he English language.
138 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIV[…]LXV he occu ence o […] ed-headed (Leccinum
oLandas k egŽdys
au an iacum)[…], lies. bo de […]plan o he amily G aižaceae, džiugūnė (Hypochoe is)[…] lies. The
pose is a joy (Hypochoe is), lie. he name ‘Fes uca, lies. I 's called he "Dac ylis glome a a". palms
palms […] mul i-pu pose o namen al plan o he ances al amily (Cy isus) […], lie. he dial. he pallium
o he "la ge ca e pilla (T opaeolum majus)", lies. The me hodology o he submo phs disce nmen .
also, e ymological e alua ion o he eas e n bal ic Phy onymes is p esen ed. de e mina ion o he
s uc u al e ges o mo pheme is handled as he essen ial elemen , which is o he mos impo ance
lie. pã aisas ‘spo inis pa aisinių šeimos daugiame is miškų augalas šako u s iebeliu i spygliškais
lapeliais (Lycopodium)’, la. dial. apdziŗas / apdzi as, apdzi es, apdzi enes, apdziŗu- / apdzi u-zāles
‘pa aisas (Lycopodium)’.
anno a ion
he a icle deals wi h he analysis o lexemes’ mo phological segmen a ion peculia i ies,
o he e ymological analysis o he wo ds. he mo pheme s uc u e is es ed in acco dance wi h
econs uc ion-p agma ic me hod as opposed o a omis ic. econs uc ion o mo pheme as o mal
al e na i e s uc u al elemen is based on he seman eme signi ican alue. These phy onyms a e
analyzed: Li h. a plan o a genus decand ia digynia (Malachium) Li h. om ‘cowbane (Cicu a), Li h. he
e m ‘o ange-cap bole us (Leccinum au an iacum), Li h. bo de […]ca […]s ea (Hypochoe is)[…] wi h
Li h. The pose […]nis […]di o[…], Li h. he name […] escue (Fes uca)[…], Li h. O cha d g ass (Dac ylis
glome a a) in he Li h. I 's called he Bean e oil (Cy isus) Li h. he dial. he g ea Indian c ess
(T opaeolum majus) Li h. I 's called dodde (Cuscu a), club-moss (Lycopodium), kno g ass (Polygonum
a icula e) and Li h. pã ais […]club-moss (Lycopodium)[…], om La ia he dial. I is also known as
club-moss (Lycopodium) o club-moss (Lycopodium) o club-moss (Lycopodium).
0 . The de e mina ion o he a ilia ion o e hnic wo ds is usually based on he
p inciple o syne gis ic linguis ic esea ch, i.e. i is ca ied ou on he basis o he
esul s o he compa a i e analysis o he me hods o o mal (de e mina ion o
seman ic nes ing o di e en ideas o languages) and p ag ma i n io espec i ely d
a y bi ni o ( he exis ence o iden ical o simila mo phological s uc u e elemen s).
The e o e, when s udying he lexemes o a ious mo phological seman ic g oups (as
well as phy onyms), hey a e o en de e mined by he e b class ( i s wo d, ad e b
(p e ix, su ix, lexion), ad e b) (see mo e widely u bu is 249: 181183, 188194, 1978262,
279291). The de e mina ion o he class o he wo k has a decisi e signi icance o he
de e mina ion o he o igin o he wo d ( ega dless o he pe iod o which he lexical
laye is assigned), because he mo phological and e ymological le els a e o en
in e p e ed as de e mina i e in some linguis ic wo ks (see PeŽ iii 13; O kupš iko 2006:
216).
y ų bal ų i onimų mo eminio skaidymo ypa umai
(e ninės žodžių iden i ikacijos p oblema ika)
In addi ion, he au ho s o he hi y- h ee pape s published in he Jou nal o he
Na ional Academy o Sciences (NASA) ha e published a numbe o pape s (e.g.
Glyphos, 2009), which desc ibe he e ymology o he whi e phonemes, in which he
p inciples o lexical analysis a e in e p e ed by he loga i hmic p inciple, and
ins ead o using de ails, he s uc u al wo d is p esen ed wi h a e y na ow
a gumen , wi h associa i e phone ic compa ison.
me odo) g įs i lie u ių i la ių augalų pa adinimų ap ašai.
1 . The L.I.E. PASTENIS ‘gVaZdikinių ŠeiMos augaLas (MALACHIUM) is he name o he plan .
The plan o he amily […]g azdikinių (Malachium)[…] ndŽ, M 1, house om […]spä la . I is
also impo an o no e ha he Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion
LbŽ (LkŽe) in e p e uojamas kaip kul ū inis skolinys iš i alikų kalbų, odėl kildi-
o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k is based on he
p inciple o p opo ionali y. such a hypo hesis would be en i ely accep able i i we e
pas a, pas a, pie; he pas e; me hod, cha ac e ; (Med.) pulpa would e lec he
ne a šio skolinio pėdsakų eikė ų ieško i ėly osios lo ynų kalbos inkiniuose, aip
pa bū ų eisingas, jei idu amžių lo. pas a galima bū ų sie i su ap a iamu bo aniniu
conno a ion o phy onimin. Besides, Be nd's claim abou he glue, e e ing o i , bu i 's
no , like, la e. and lo. The ollowing de ini ions shall apply: he pas e; he chicken is
inse ed (nie meye 1976: 770). The e m "S ella ia" can no be associa ed wi h he usual
conno a ion, because his plan o he genus o he bs o he amily G azdikinae is
poisonous and is he e o e ne e used as a ood p oduc (see L e Xii 540; BCE iX 422);
Howe e , eas e n Sla s (Russian: Восточные славянские) a e e y a ely used (S.
g aminea) as an o al medicinal p epa a ion o lep osy (Анненковъ 1878: 343), howe e ,
his is he mos common name o poisonous plan s: . коньский вех (Анненковъ ibd.) […] .
вех […] nuokana (Cicu a) […], . конобой (( . конь […] a klys […] . убой […] ske dimas,
pjo imas[…]), . The pha macodynamic e ec s o his he b a e e y clea ly desc ibed in
he Russian saying:
ву едят безвредно, пока не коснутся сладкого её корня, от которого о ду рева-
I'm going o ake a look a i . I'm going o ake a look a i . I'm going o ake a look a i .
I is belie ed ha he g ass does no ha m he cow un il i has as ed i s swee
oo s, om which i quickly sp ou s. The na co ic e ec o his plan led o he
eme gence o he syn agma ic name o he plan , . d unkana aba […]s aiginan i
žolė o žliūgė siau alapė (S. g aminea) […] (Annenko ъ ibd.; BSE ibd.).
The i s such bo anical e m was used in a g oce y s o e. Pa wo. The Li huanian dic iona y o
plan s and he plan dic iona y (Vilnius, 1906) indica ed ha he wo d was used by Po ilas Ma ulionis
(see Le XVii 527[…]529), i.e. i can be assumed ha such a lexeme could ha e been used in he a ea o eas e n highlands.
140 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIVLXV The neu odynamic e ec s o g ass in Li huanian snails a e
oLandas k egŽdys
o en e e ed o as ka madhā aya- ype du ian: in he Li huanian kupiškėnų pa a mė lie. he dial. I s
p epa a ions we e in ended o calm he ne es, elie e spasms (g i ėnienė 2006: 136), lie. he dial.
pasiù žolė 1 ‘(bo .) s em plan o he amily ijoklinių, b an (Cuscu a) j; LbŽ, Lnk ; and Red clo e
(Ly h um salica ia) M (LkŽe) is a s em plan o he ed clo e amily. […]galinsoga (Galinsoga (pas o )
is an impo ed plan om he La in Ame ican con inen […] mo e b oadly see Ke ne 's oun ain, he
one who's been s olen, he man who's been s olen, he man who's been s olen, he man who's been
s olen, he man who's been s olen. G ass is a plan ha has an abo e-g ound pa ha is no
o e g own and ha is sunny in win e . o age plan s ea en by animals; plan s co e ing a ce ain
Марилаунъ ii 660; Le Vi 495))’ (gliwa ibd.) (← lie. dial. pãsiu as ‘pasiu imas,
pašėlimas, dūkimas’ Pš ↔ lie. dial. pasiu ỹs 3b, pasiu s 3b ‘ . p.’ jnšk, Šd, m esp.
lie. siù as 2 ‘didelis pyk is, įni šis’ ndŽ, ds, Ps, Vl, klo , Ll, Žsl, Adm3; ‘siu imas,
šėlimas’ gn; ‘išdyka imas, šėliojimasis’ jd, kn; ‘didelis no as’ slm; ‘pasiu ligė’ ds;
a ea, hei coa ing; his plan as a eed species; a plan o any p ac ical impo ance; seeds o
a ious plan s; he lowe ; he bi e gou d; Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep
ha o he p oduc . (b) he numbe o essels and he numbe o essels and he numbe o essels
and he numbe o essels and he numbe o essels and he numbe o essels and he numbe o
essels and he numbe o essels and he numbe o essels and he numbe o essels and he
numbe o essels); O he medicinal p oduc s o human use ( ) edible plan s; (pl. i ually used plan s
(LkŽe)4), whose conno a ion is appa en ly misin e p e ed by au elija g i ėnienė (2006: 172)5, because
he mo phological seman ic s uc u e o he phy onym is assumed o be non- unc ional p ope ies
[…] e y iscous, as -g owing and ha d o e adica e[…] (LkŽe ibd. bu ), pha macodynamic p ope ies
o ha e a neu ophysiological e ec , i s adjacency o animals (L e ii 250). epi hymum was a
p epa a ion made o melancholia (Анненковь 1878: 118). such mo phologically simila bu no
co osi e g ass; he galinsoga (?) […] he guobai (k Ž ii 56). So i 's sa e o assume ha i 's lying. The
ū os i onimas a ojamas i aka ų aukš aičių kauniškių plo e: lie. dial. pasiù žolė
plan o he amily g azdikinių (Malachium) can be in e p e ed as a Li huanian wo d, es inas om
*pas-iu- -enis (wi h adicial -iuabso bcija, plg. lie. he dial. "Li ing, li ing, li ing" in he yea 1833, 2 Plg.
subs . he lie. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h
A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his
Regula ion. […]d ignė (Hyoscyamus) […] sh. […]D ignė (Hyoscyamus) […] is he name o he i e in he Czech Republic.
(See also oo no e).
In he case o he i s -pe son p onouns, he i s -pe son p onouns and he second-pe son p onouns
a e used in e changeably, as in he case o he i s -pe son p onouns, and he second-pe son p onouns
a e used in e changeably. 4 a ealinę wo ds whose dialec ical localiza ion is no in o ma i e o he
p oblem unde discussion, see seman ic ex ension de e mina ion. I 's him.
5 Plg. o lie. he dial. I is also known as Da u a s amonium, o Da u a s amonium. The seman ic
s uc u e o he plan is de e mined by i s exposu e o he human o animal body, i.e. when poisoned
by i , he cen al ne ous sys em is s ongly s imula ed, and he pe son eels like he is poisoned
(g i ėnienė 2006: 170 […] 171).
y ų bal ų i onimų mo eminio skaidymo ypa umai
(e ninės žodžių iden i ikacijos p oblema ika)
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h
A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he
applica ion o his Regula ion. […] li es yle, condi ion […] Vdk, up, P n, j; and (LkŽe;
dūnŽ 95) This is a biog aphy. A way o li e BŽ 305, skd, Š s (LkŽe))6 ← lies. he dial.
Paseu as […] pasiu imas, pašėlimas, dūkimas[…] Pš ([…] lie. dial. pasiu ỹs 3b,
pasiu […]s 3b […] . p. […]) + (an inis) su ix. This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his
wo d. *-en- (see ska džius i 234237 o a b oade iew o i ) a he han he name o he I alian dough […] he e o e such a glossy spelling is appa en ly a co ec ion in essence.
The second L.I.e. NUKONA […] (bo .) poisonous plan o he amily […] (CICUTA) […] (bo .) poisonous plan o he
amily […] (Cicu a) […] bŽ 99; M , š, LbŽ (LkŽe) is no a name, nei he e ns o aenkelio (Lew) no wojciecho
nuodingojo skė inių šeimos daugiamečių žolių gen ies augalo lie. núokana 1
smoczyńskio (LeŽ) in Li huanian e ymological dic iona ies, gliwos is in e p e ed as p ae (2002: 3) om he
oo -kan edinys, which, in he au ho 's opinion, implies a e b. he lie. o kill, o des oy, o kill;
Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc . […] o die, o lea e, o die […] Pns,
Lzd; "I'm hung y, I'm i ed, I'm i ed, I'm i ed, I'm i ed" is he mo o o he school. […] o ea wi h appe i e,
o ea […] Lnk (LkŽe). The au ho 's hypo hesis is econs uc ed by he sememes *‘nuo ko kenčia, *‘who
o men s, o cou se, seman ically likely o illus a e he conno a ion o a poisonous plan . Howe e , his
specula ion canno be belie ed due o he lack o mo phological analysis (gliwa (2002: 3[…]5) e en p o ides
h ee ways o explaining he o igin o his phy onym: 1) p ae . om- + -can-; 2) he p ae . F om- + -kand-
(pas o al supposi ion based on he e b a emp ed by he e y unsuccess ul aenkel (Lew 216). he lie.
he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: 3) he nose- + su . -an-), which de e mines he o igin o his wo d; o
expe ience, o su i e; o be in a pa icula place; o ha e a shel e , a shel e (LkŽe) (see building ii 68;
ska džius i 229); I is ue ha P anas Ska dijus (i 548) aised a poo ly a gued hypo hesis ha his e b is a
denomina i e o lie. he dial. He li es. Such easoning is no accep able o he e y simple eason ha i is
aiškios e imologijos paiešką).
6 iki šiol įp as a eig i, kad lie. dial. gy enà y a pi minis de e ba y as iš e b. lie. gy én i ‘gy am bū i, eg-
ex emely limi ed. he dial. I 's a e y b oad e b. he lie. li e in he consump ion a ea (i.e. in all Li huanian
e minals and e minals (!!!). Tha 's why I'm con iden o say i 's a lie. he dial. I 's going o li e. I you ha e a
li e ime o blood, you ha e a li e ime o blood. he dial. The mushing o he mushenas (mušenā-si (ska džius i
229)) is a e lec ion ha abso bs he sex. he dial. Li ing canno be in e p e ed as a e b in any way. he lie.
he basis o li e, since he la e gende is he denomina i e o he adj. he lie. Gý as, -à 3 ‘one who has
li e, who li es, who does no die; sleepless, sleepless, awake, awakened (LkŽe; see Le 154[…]155 o de ails o
i s o igin), i.e. assuming he denomina i e meaning o he e b o be ali e, plg. iden ical model o he wo k:
adj. he lie. g audùs, - 4 ‘g auding, poo , sad, and sad; Smoked, ied unpleasan , ough; I 's no like I don'
know wha I'm doing. he lie. o be poo , o be impo e ished; o be so y, o be so y; o h ea en, o
in imida e; o complain, o mou n, o g ie e, o g ie e; h ea s; o g ind a li le, o g ind a li le; g inding,
ha dening and so on (see also sc aping i 549).

142
oLandas k egŽdys
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIV–LXV
Based on he econs uc ion o he s uc u al basis o he lexeme o he ca ego y
o he wo k, i is possible o a ibu e his noun o an ac ion wo d abs ac (nomen
ac ionis), e en ually due o seman ic conc e isa ion gaining a nomen abs ac um
cha ac e is ic o a meaning ul e lec ion, e.g. lie. he dial. 2 Kings 2:4 says, "E e yone
who is a sla e is a sla e, and e e yone who is a sla e is a sla e. The end o he line.
F om-kana *‘ ha which causes dea h (as lie. he dial. The i s is a neu ological
disease, epilepsy. The 4 h is highly con agious plague. he epidemic o ha disease; m i
i s, m i i m a s (LkŽe; ska džius i 442, 454)), i.e. he s uc u al sand o he gi o
he p ae . has e oded he meaning o he wo k. I'm he subs i u e. he lie. "The end,
he dea h, he subs i u e o he supposi o y. he lie. kanybà ‘judged, liesas a man j
ii 28 (ska džius (i 92) was no ue because o his o igin), appa en ly, canno be linked
o he e b ei he . he lie. o g asp, o squeeze, o bi e you ee h; cu ing yellow; o
ea , o d ink; o go; O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel o bi e (LkŽe),
nei he wi h he e b. he lie. o eel, o expe ience pain, discom o , dis ess,
su e ing; o ha e pa ience, o wai ; o endu e, o endu e, o li up (LkŽe) (Lew
214215; gliwa ibd.), because i e lec s he de ec i e sex wi h he abso bed oo -pa-:
subs . he lie. The 4 h loo is whe e he deceased is bu ied. a land cowboy has been killed on he spo ; The op o he ench, cowboys (LkŽe; see mo e abou i s o igin in PeŽ i 270271) + su . - I'm going o lie. he dial. he kãpana […]gaishimas, s ipimas[…]
L (LkŽe) is lying. he dial. The dea h o he Kãpanos, he ea o he Rumbonys
(Aly us .) (see Ska djus i 228), plg. e b. he lie. o mo e you a ms and legs o ee
you sel , o sa e you sel ; o spi ; wo k ha d; I 's ha d o walk, cas e; e y sick, o
be leisu ely; o die, o end, o be bo n (LkŽe; ska džius i 505). So ha 's i . Nuokana (<
p ae . nuo- + ka-pa-na <pabaiga, dea h>) is no a de e ba y, bu a denomina i e,
implying a p o osemem […] ha which de e mines dea h o he plan o dea h[…]. 3 .
The L.I.E. Red-headed dee
(LECCINUM AURANTIACUM) […] subs i u ed by he lie. The e m […] ed-headed
(Leccinum au an iacum)[…] (LbZ 466) is de i ed om he e b gliwa (2009: 87). he lie.
Al hough i s a es: 'The ans e o concep s in he Pilz is no pa icula ly plausible
[...]'. In explaining he la e Li huanian language o he new wo ds […] such, appa en ly,
is he name o he mush oom […] he o igin, one o he con ibu ing a gumen a i e
ac o s should be a signi ican jus i ica ion, wi hou an example o causal analysis.
ku io kiek ienas, ne i pa s įman iausias, spėjimas gali bū i ak uojamas kaip
The name o his unc ion is clea ly mo i a ed by he basis o he wo k, i.e. lie. In
he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, he Cou o Fi s Ins ance uled ha he Cou
o Fi s Ins ance did no ha e ju isdic ion o hea he appeal agains he
judgmen o he Cou o Fi s Ins ance. he lowe pa o he old women's ma shes, s e bles; he wall o he building is deco a ed wi h a sla e ( esp. lie.
y ų bal ų i onimų mo eminio skaidymo ypa umai
(e ninės žodžių iden i ikacijos p oblema ika)
143diskusinės publikacijos / discussion pape s
dial. padálkas 1 ‘apa inis d abužio k aš as, pažemė, palankas’) ↔ *padauka7 (su
-al- > -au-; oks ki imas ypač būdingas skoliniams, plg. lie. kalniẽ ius (< le. koł-
kidney) 2 [k], j, he kidney 1 […] he kidney […] he kidney. he dial. co on wool 2 . p is
equal o This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s
publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. o a kind used in mo o
ehicles he lie. The calde as (< le. kołd a) 4 c ops, 2 ndŽ […] he ho se's saddle,
co e ed, co e ed […] ( esp. calde as) […] lies. he dial. I 's going o be co e ed, i 's
going o be co e ed. code, bu i also occu s in he old ields: lie. The auka alka is a
sanc ua y, a hill co e ed wi h ees in lie. The ic im, he ic im. p is equal o (Mo e
examples see Zinke ičius 1966: 102, 164) (see also Mažiulis 2008: 92) […] adj. he lie. he
dial. padu knis, -ė 2 ‘wi h padu ku, padu ku ex ended k i 608 (LkŽe), subs . he lie. he
dial. The sho s we e sho ened and hen leng hened he ma shmallows (ska džius i
252), i.e. econs uc ing he ly is adj. he lie. he dial. (col.) *subs i u e o he
sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub--
sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub he lie. he dial. (Col.) * he mush oom […]une en, a u k sh l e o ko o mush ooms[…], wi h he ed on op […]ko ed mush ooms[…] (L e iX 343). Thus, i can be cau iously specula ed ha his phy onym belongs o he lexicon o de i a i es om Sla ic languages and o he g oup o de i a i es.
4 . The L.I.E. This Regula ion shall
en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Hypoc isy is a lie. The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I:
‘(bo .) dŽiugūnė (HYPOCHOERIS) This is no he case.
Linguis ic cu iosi y can be called an a emp o explain phone ic wo ds. The e m "a omic analysis" is used
o analyze wo ds using he a omic analysis me hod. The e o e, he e o s o he LkZ compile s a e no
co ec ed, bu he desc ip ions o he lexemes o no only he Bal ic bu also he G eek languages a e
p esen ed in he case iles. And i 's no clea o he specialis ha 7 Plg. lies. he dial. he " oo ca "
(dialec : padalkas […]pa inis d abužio k aš as, pažemė, palankas[…]), which is p obably mis akenly associa ed
wi h he LkŽ. he dial. he ad e b […] is used, no used[…] (de e ba i e om e b. lie. o pu […] o pu , o
send), because i canno be compa ed seman ically wi h he la e […] does no ma ch he deno a i e and
conno a i e alue o hese lexemes; he lie. he dial. The seconda y -subs i u e p eposi ional -subs i u e
su ix is illus a ed by he mos equen ph asal examples gi en in LkŽ: in o he su ix e i ‘niekais i s i,
baig is, nyk i; The e is no sign, he e is no smell, he e is no smell. I you wan o go, you ha e o go. I you
‘niekais i s i’; padaũkais nue i (iše i) ‘ding i, pasišalin i’; padaũkais nunèš i ‘nudangin i’; po padaũkais
‘(keik.) po elnių’, . y. žodžių junginys lie. dial. padalkais išei i ‘nusigy en i’ ( esp. sinoniminis azeo-
wan o go, you ha e o go. I you wan o go, you ha e o go. I you wan o go, you ha e o go. he dial.
padáuka 1 ‘padauža, alka a in he case o wo Li huanian wo ds causing seman ic con amina ion: lie. he
dial. he pa o he clo hes a he bo om o he bed. he dial. I 's a good idea o use i , no o use i . So, lie
down. he dial. The pejo a i e conno a ion o he e m " alka a" is de i ed no om he cha ac e is ics
o he e e en ( esp. smoking, smoking, because he one who smokes is no a alka a), bu om he social si ua ion o which one o he designa es is […] s e n i, s u d u s y i d a b u ž i a i.
144 o he Ac on Li huanian Linguis ics LXIV-LXV. he lie. bo de ‘(bo .) a plan o he
oLandas k egŽdys
amily o ai y- ees, džiugūnė (Hypochoe is) LbŽ, M (LkŽe), appa en ly, canno be
associa ed wi h subs . he lie. he i s loo , he i s loo , he space agains he
wall inside o ou side he p emises; Al hough he coun y's coun yside, pa ibys
(LkŽe), was aluable o eeding, espec i ely, sal , anki, espec i ely, simila o he
aip nu odoma LkŽ, ma jų e e en inė kono acija y a di e en inė: šis augalas ne-
densely g own plan s o he whole (sieną8), bu he g ass-ea ing (Composi ae) amily
o g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing
g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing
kių i pak ūmių gel onžiedė (ž . Le V 317). Vadinasi, sie i sausos žolės su siena a
kokiu no s ibą į a dijančiu objek u, ma y , negalima. Šio augalo pa adinimo –
g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing
g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing
g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing
g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing
g ass-ea ing g ass-ea ing g ass. he lie. The genus Hypochoe is, LbŽ (LkŽe), is a genus
o lowe ing plan s in he amily Fabaceae. he lie. To ejoice is o ha e joy, o ejoice
is o ejoice, and o ejoice is o ejoice. he dial. "Joy is he joy o wha is soon"
"Joy is he joy o wha is soon" As Gliwa (ibd.) says, poin ing o a misunde s anding o
he seman ic cons uc ion o he co espondence be ween he G eek […]ποχαίρειν
[…]saikingai džiūgau i, joy[…], he G eek […]ποχοιρίς […]ciko inių (Cicho ium) genus o
plan s […] (Ls. 1644), which a e no gene ically ela ed, al hough con a y o he Gliwa
(ž . below), bu subs . he lie. he dial. joy […] he joy o he lowly, he joy o he lowly
[…] (Le V 316) ← lie. I don' know wha you' e alking abou . p is equal o (wi h he second
owel o adial -ja abso p ion; -us umped due o he occu ence o -ja elimina ion o
seman ic sand neu aliza ion) < * džiū -žagas ‘ . p. ( o he pu pose o con o mi y o
he p oduc , see subs. he lie. The donkey (which is a lo o donkey's mine) […] see
ska džius i 435) ← e b. he lie. o d y, o d y, o d y; ha dening wi hou juicing;
disappea when e apo a ed; o g ow, o plan , o ga he , o kill (including plan s); o lie
down, o lie down; he ollowing able is inse ed: he lie. The 4 h and 5 h loo s a e
co e ed wi h a hick laye o hay, s aw and hays ones. (pl.) some hing in la ge
quan i ies, in la ge quan i ies; a oo is e ec ed on he ca s unde which hay, s aw and o he c ops a e ha es ed. ; oak, willow and so on. playg ounds; o a kind used in mo o ehicles O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel la ge bee les, ogs, d ied b anches; ence o ees and b anches; The e is no jagua , a hu (LkŽe) (plg. lie. he dial. The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o he Ag eemen :
524), . y. lie. džiugūnė suponuoja sememą ‘sausa, sudžiū usi (a džiū i
o which: i) g ass […] (hence i is also called d y o es g ass (men ioned ea lie ) a he han […]linksma
g ass[…] […] p ecisely his conno a ion is a ibu ed o his plan by he gliwa. So i 's sa e o assume
ha i does. he bounda y e lec s he hype onymic e e en and i s conno a ion: *pasie- y-nis ‘sounds
like a sie e o ‘sausa, sudžiū usi žolė = joy < p ae . pa- + subs i u ed he lie. The seeds o he 1s 'is he
pea l o g ea p ice; 8 Plg. he seman ic lie. sena 1 ex ensi e: he e ical pa o he building; i s in e io
o ae ial su aces; (pl. p k.) abou he building, he ins i u ion; high ence, pa i ion; he e ical o which
is he la e al su ace; Based on he e ymological ela ionship be ween he G eek […]ποχαίρειν
dalis; a n k i, g l a u d i ko n o s e i l ė; audeklo ilgio ma as (ke u i mes u ų s ulpeliai); audeklo ilgis;
ženklas, žymin is audimo sienas; ežia, iba; als ybės, šalies, k aš o iba’ (LkŽe).
y ų bal ų i onimų mo eminio skaidymo ypa umai
(e ninės žodžių iden i ikacijos p oblema ika)
145. Discussion pape s on disco e y o such g asses g owing along i e s, supposing a
conno a ion o s a u s o u s o s z o l ė s, plg. Reikia, as he i e ises, i 's aining, so i 's
going o be win e when he loa ing clo b m (LkŽe), i.e. assuming he "land"
semema: lies. he dial. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in
acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules
o he applica ion o his Regula ion. wo king ca le; (English) ca le (LkŽe). he
subs . he lie. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: LbŽ (LkŽe), also an associa i e, o
example, is e bally and seman ically linked o subs . he lie. he joy o he
hype nominal e e en subs . he lie. he dial. The joy o he "jacke ed" landlo ds,
he joy o he "jacke ed" landlo ds, he joy o he "jacke ed" landlo ds, he joy o
he "jacke ed", he joy o he "jacke ed", he joy o he "jacke ed". he po- + e b.
he lie. he dial. I 's a e b ha means o bend, o bend, o bend, o bend. he lie. he
‘kaišy i, pin i, e i (šiaip aip, am ka ui, p as ai)’ ė , bsg; ‘sieno a pius kamšy i
dial. o be caugh wi h hooks, hooks, o o he means o anspo ; o be caugh , o be
caugh , o be caugh ; "F iends and iends" j; ‘Sick, unhealed g g (LkŽe) he e b is
ela ed o he bo anical nomencla u e LkŽ, plg. subs . he lie. […] (bo ) Co emium […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] (bo ) […] is he name o he plan
(M . LkŽe, i.e. he pa ha eeds he ungus, o med by he condimen s o he
sankaupos) → *posainis ‘ . p is equal o (wi h abso p ion)
[…]saikingai džiūgau i, joy[…] and he G eek […]ποχοιρίς […]ciko inių (Cicho ium) genus plan […] (Ls 1644) i
can be s a ed ha he e is no hing in common be ween hese lexemes excep p ae inio. […]πο-, ma g .
[…]ποχοιρίς is no om he e b. g . o ejoice, o ejoice; o be sa is ied, bu subs . G eek: χοῖρος
‘kiaulė; pigle , wi h chickpeas ( ūkažolės) ed wi h oo s and lea es (Ls 1732) (Le iV 29).
The Sla s, who ansla ed his G eek e m in o mo phology, use se e al zoonymic
mo phological seman ic phonemic s uc u es e lec ing he wo ds: . dial. g ass wi h
and no Cicho ium In ybus L. Annenko (1878-1898), which is why i is called he dial. Swine,
po cupine, hypochoe is (Annenko 1878: 173) a e no conside ed o be uzuals, bu hyb ids
kul ū iniai skoliniai, e lek uojan ys g . ὑποχοιρίς (← p ae . ὑπο- ‘posesy inei ko-
no acijai eikš i’ + g . χοῖρος ‘kiaulė; pa šelis’) mo ologinę seman inę s uk ū ą.
5 . The L.I.E. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
(FESTUCA) […] This is no he case.
Lie down. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance
wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he
applica ion o his Regula ion. M , LbŽ (LkŽe) is explained (gliwa 2009: 83) as
de e ba y as ( om he e b. he lie. o squeeze wi h he ee , o y; s anding,
s anding, leaning on you ee ; o be used o he p o ec ion o spleen ib es;
ea ed, so ened; p essing he pack, men ioning; o go, o s ep on (dLkŽ5), le . m […] […] o hink, o hink, o y o hink[…]); I is assumed ha he use o […]a u g a l a s, a s p a u s m i n d y mu i […]. Such an explana ion would be mo e con incing i he au ho o he o ecas p esen ed he ele an ac s (p e-
152 ac a Linguis ica
oLandas k egŽdys
Li huanica LXIVLXV
In he 699s, he Ke ne -Fon-Ma ilaun was used o make pain s. The e m "pocalypse"
appea s o be associa ed wi h he oliage o he lily o he alley (Le XXi 367) and he
e ical bending, eminiscen o he bending o he be y b anches. Because o his
ea u e, ees o he be y amily (Be ulaceae) a e associa ed wi h po e y and
ha dship in olk songs (Le ii 443); (2) he lie. The o namen al pe ennial plan (Cy isus)
(LkŽe) < p ae . he lie. and + adj. he lie. L[…]kš , - o 4
[…]plokščias, plynas, lygus[…] (LkŽe) (wi h p-k- > p-pdėl dis an
assimila ion), as he ui o he plan o he genus […]plokščia ankš is (L e Viii 426);
(3) he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: paliepsnis […] such a plan […] […] p ae . he lie. pa- + subs i u ed he lie. i ewood 4
[…] i e, ising om a bu ning objec […] and k . (LkŽe), plg. lie. The ollowing species o
bi ds a e included in he lis o endange ed species: (bo .) a plan o he amily
G aizdikinių wi h b igh ly colo ed lowe s, he i e ly LkŽ mis akenly a ibu ed o
na (Lychnis)’ (LkŽe; Le XiV 540–541);
4) lie. dial. paliepa ‘(bo .) didžioji nas u ė (T opaeolum majus)’ (LkŽe), ku-
he c ea o s. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking
abou . he lie. 1. To climb a li le, no o climb much; be able o climb; 2. o climb up o
he bo om […] subs . he lie. The 2nd and 3 d lines o he line a e he same as he lines
o he c ossing o a i e o a c eek. by he i e , on he sho e o he lake on he
wa e adap ed ape o s and, washing o sowing wa e […] (LkŽe)) lexical seman ic
nes : lie. he dial. paliepa […] he g ea nas u ė[…] ← […]paliep-sn-a (-snabso p ion ( o
such o he ex ensions see C aigsness 2009: 281)) […] p ae . he lie. pa- + subs i u ed
he lie. The lowe (in he ea lie ex ) is he lowe o his plan […]ne e ai a u d o n
a i s l a k u o i, l y g k a u j u a p a š k y i (Le XX 23);
(5) lies. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance
wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he
applica ion o his Regula ion. ‘smilguolė (ape a); O he , no u he wo ked han
ho - olled, in coils I is also known as he "Deschampsia caespi osa" o
"Deschampsia caespi osa" o "Deschampsia caespi osa" o "Deschampsia
caespi osa" o "Deschampsia caespi osa" o "Deschampsia caespi osa" o
"Deschampsia caespi osa". he lie. (Fo i s pa , see K egždys 2010: 222) + subs i . he lie. smlga 1, smilgà 4, smilgà 3 ‘(bo .) g ass o he ca e pilla amily in he o m o a ca e pilla (Ag os is); which is high and which is hin; he og (Poa); O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e : O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
(b) he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: palazdė ū enis (Co ydalis ca a) (LkŽe) he
ui o his plan dėžu ė (L e iX: 595), appa en ly a ne wi h a lazdy nu . These
examples a e also e y impo an o plan names wi h p ae . Fo he
de e mina ion o he sub-sub ype model, he deadjec i e and denomina i e ypes
a e e lec ed, and no examples a e pos ula ed, no is he de e ba i e ype
illus a ed (!!!). Such a o mula ion can also be based on he mo phological analysis
o Li huanian and La ian phy onymic names, which e lec s he basis o he e b
o m (see gliwa 2009: 84).

y ų bal ų i onimų mo eminio skaidymo ypa umai
(e ninės žodžių iden i ikacijos p oblema ika)
153 discussion pape s on he publica ion o discs
6 . The L.I.E. I'm no going o lie o you. I'm no going o lie o you.
(CUSCUTA) This Regula ion shall
en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Con aining by weigh mo e han 0,25% o ca bon he hickness o he ail (POLYGONUM)
The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I:
Lie down. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance
wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he
applica ion o his Regula ion. O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e :
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h
A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he
applica ion o his Regula ion. he lie. pa- + a d and j. he lie. The d agon, a ou
o'clock, c ied, he co pse (LkŽe) (as adj. he lie. he dial. (Zem.) paimlùs, - […]
good-headed, wi h a good head […] (dūnŽ 232) ([…] adj. he lie. imlùs, - 4 ‘able o ecei e,
o pass on, ecep i e; he capaci y (LkŽe), adj. he lie. he dial. (Zem.) ploschkas, -ia
‘ploschkas (dūnŽ 239) and k ., and no di ec ly connec ed wi h he e b. he lie. o
s e ch, o pull, o s e ch (which is long, which is shapeless); o be commi ed; he
ollowing: o ly ou o he wa e ; o pollu e, o sp ead; o go, o d ag; o pluck he ba k o he e b. he lie. o sp ead he wo d; o be shaken; messy o help, o d op; o be dissemina ed; o be ben , o be b oken; o sp ead, o sp ead; o ge up, o ge up, o ge up; o g ow up, o g ow up (LkŽe), as sugges ed by gliwa (ibd.); he lie. I 's called a d agon ly. I 's called a d agon ly. I 's called a d agon ly. p is equal o (LkŽe) as wo su names (!!!) he su name has al eady been explained by Kazimie Booga ( i 219)).
7 . The L.I.E. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Amendmen s o he Seimas Mul iple
The o es s g ow in he
sh ubbe y and in he pine o es s
(LYCOPODIUM) […] This is no he case.
Lie down. pã ais 3 b ‘(bo .) spo is a pe ennial o es plan o he pa ais amily wi h a co k s alk and spiky
lea es (Lycopodium) Lkm, kp, Pn, s , b ž, s j, LbŽ, Ml , dglš, gn, g l, a. One, Ln; ‘(bo .) he sliding plo
(Glechoma hede acea) j b, j (LkŽe)16 is s ill de i ed om he polysemic e b. he lie. iẽs i17 ( iks16 also plg.
[…]ā kamienų g e ybės (abou he genesis o such mo phological a ian s mo e b oadly see k egždys 2010:
51[…] 58) a ian subs . he lie. 3b […]Lycopodium (LkŽe), used in he a ea o he eas e n high- ise esiden ial
a eas. 17 Plg. he e b. he lie. ex end he seman ic ex ension: ‘ o do u h, o s aigh en, o compa e;
s e ched, elonga ed o app oach; o a kind used in he manu ac u e o goods o Chap e 87 s e ch,
con inue h ough he co ne , connec ing he wo sides; on he su ace; o ix, o gi e, o pu , o pu
duo i, b uk i; da y i (pp . ilgą), es i, klo i; iesiai a iesų da y i, es i, b ėž i; skės i, plės i, skleis i,
(pa al); co e , co e a e discha ge; sc a ching, sc a ching co e ed wi h a laye o glue; o con inue, o
go on (plg. ( e l.) Amendmen s o he land igh s clause); o be possessed, o be d unk, o be d unken; o
pie ce, o shake, o pie ce, o ea , o c ush; o lie down, o ea down, o ample on he g ound; o all, o
u n, o all, o all; apid g ow h, s i ness; o con inue, o las ; o con inue, o slide; o go as , o un, o
d i e; o wo k ha d, o wo k ha d, o wo k ha d
da bą; auk i, plėš i, dainuo i; ujo i, laks y is’ (LkŽe).
154
oLandas k egŽdys
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIV–LXV
liau – e b. lie. pa iẽs i18), kaip eigia gliwa (ibd.), no s isi lie u ių kalbos da iniai
su šaknimi - ais- y a es ini iš ki o balsiokai os laipsnio šaknies e b. lie. aisý i19
(see also Smokyński 2007: 675[…]676), supposing 4 sememes, sui able o be based on he seman ic conno a ion o
he phy onym (see 19 quo a ion ma ks): 1. ‘T ea men , as p oduced om he spo es o he medicinal he b
Lycopodium cla a um o he ea men o wa s (see Le XXii 150; see also kŠŽ 205); 2. d aiky is, d iek is
acco ding o he mo phology o he plan , i.e. he spo o i e s ems a e loca ed in he g ound, b anching ou
wi h b anches poin ing upwa ds (Le ibd.); 3. " u n a ound, u n a ound" = 2 semes; 4. […]puoš i, g ažin i kuo[…],
because he plan is puošnus, is used o pain anilla (Le ibd.), o which only wo (1, 4) a e assumed o be
subs i u es. he lie. The 2nd and 3 d syllables do no ha e a cha ac e is ic e b. he lie. I'm going o ix i . he
lie. ex end he seman ics: o make i as s aigh o wa d as possible, o make i ue; o es , o es , o
es ; o s e ch, o li , o s e ch; Wha o do, wha o s e ch, wha o lay ou , wha o se up; o o e do,
o o e do, o o e ake by wha , by joining wo sides; p a k l o i, i s k l e s i k l o j e i s; o assis in discha ge;
o lie down; co e ed, co e ed, co e ed o be shaken, o be sp inkled, o be sp ead; o spi , o spi ; o swallow,
o swallow, o be d owned; o lie down, o lie down, o lie down; o si down, o si down, o si down, o si
down, o si down; o do, o kill, o kill, o kill, o shoo , o cu ; o g ow up, o ma u e; o c awl, o u n, o
su ende (LkŽe). 19 Plg. he e b. he lie. o co ec he seman ic ex ension: ‘ o emo e e o s, o do wha
is app op ia e again; o d i e p ope ly by emo ing i egula i ies; o be ai ; cu ing holes, holes, and
c e ices; o elimina e e o s, inaccu acies, omissions and omissions; eplace he in e media e wo d wi h a
common language wo d; o build, o su i e (nege o es); o imp o e wha is bad, o imp o e wha is bad; o do
be e , o imp o e; o make i mo e p oduc i e, o make i mo e e ile; he ollowing able is inse ed:
sealed (dance); How a e you, gy i? ebuild in place (ex e mina ion); Massage, ubbing and sp aying o shed, o
s o e; o do he igh hing, he igh hing, he igh hing; ( o le el), o clean; o sha e in a ce ain way, o
bow, o sha e; ex end he leng h, ex end he wid h; d a i k y i s, d i e k i s; In he ligh o he o egoing,
he Commission conside s ha i is app op ia e o ex end he scope o he egula ion o co e he whole o
he Eu opean Union. o manage, o supe ise; li ing he lock while mo ing; o clean, o d y, o clean; o be
ixed, o be ixed; he book; O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o i on o s eel o pu in he sho el, o sho el; I
is also impo an o no e ha he Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om
he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k is based on he p inciple o p opo ionali y. o pull, o
pull (clo hes); o wea , o wea ; equipped wi h clo hing; co e ed, co e ed; d essed in ine clo hes; p o s i, g a
da y i idaus į engimus; ku i, s eig i, eng i; gamin i, iek i ( algį, gė imą, ėdalą); gamin i kokiam
da bui, eikalui; da y i de inan is p ie numa y o ikslo, s eng is aiky i; bandy i; elg is; dė is, ody is;
z i n i k u o; p o ide an appea ance o beau y; o do, o make some hing; he oad; he e ; Manu ac u e
om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc . wha o do wi h a pa icula o m, o m; o be
loaded, o be aised; o o m a ce ain uni y o sounds; o build, o cons uc (building); o wo k (jokes,
p anks, unpleasan ness, e c.); o slande , o se e; o p epa e ( o a el, o wha ac i i ies, o an e en );
o in end, o wan , o hink, o o esee (wha o do); The beginning is nea , he signs o some u u e
phenomenon a e ga he ing. o handle, o p epa e (a ool, a ool, some o he ool) o use, o use; o bend, o
g e in is, ke inan ką da y i; g e in is, aiks y is, šlie is (p ie ko pa inkamo); as is, eikš is, mes is (apie
bend; o econcile; pu he bulle in he ba el o a i ea m; o sow, o wo k (land); o ake ca e o , o ake ca e o ; o p o ide, o acqui e, o pu chase; o s o e, o load, o pu ; make su e ha he is accep ed whe e e he goes; he wedding, he une al; o o ganise, o o ganise; ga he ing oge he ; ( o be applied o he a ge ) add ess he desi ed di ec ion; illness, pain); g eed o ea , o cu ; o bea , o bea ; o be des oyed; he p ecious s ones, he plunde , he plunde (LkŽe).
20
Plg. he e b. he lie. o co ec he seman ic ex ension: ‘ o e ase he e o s, o make i usable; O he , o
i inkamą ažiuo i, šalinan nelygumus; palopy i; ki aip pe da y i, pe aisy i; pašalin i a nu ody i
ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel emo e he nega i es; o imp o e wha you unde s and, wha you
don' ; o imp o e, o e ine; o heal; o be ea ed; (d a n in); p a s e i k i, p a g y i; (i) he ollowing able is
inse ed: o be massaged, o be e ased; o wash, o d y; o cook; In he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, he
y ų bal ų i onimų mo eminio skaidymo ypa umai
(e ninės žodžių iden i ikacijos p oblema ika)
155 discussion pape s o he disco e y publica ion om which he men ioned […] s one
o ma ion (i i is a deba e ) (see no e 20). Howe e , he u iliza ion o he he apeu ic
unc ion would imply a econs uc ion o he hype onymous "medicinal plan ", which is
unlikely due o he low pha maco he apeu ic alue o he plan , i.e. i ea s only skin
diso de s o exogenous o igin ha do no ha m he biological human exis ence, and he
amendmen o he a icose eins (L. anno inum) […] en (Le ibd.). Howe e , i is he
la e amendmen ha gi es he name o he species. I 's called a shund aika. I is
assumed ha he plan 's mo phology (e.g. g i ėnienė 2006: 183), a he han he
conno a ional alue used, is impo an , i.e. i is assumed ha he slide, he pull o he
g ound, is conno a i e, because he s em o he Lycopodium is he main gu l sč i as
šaknias iebis (Le XXii 150), e.g. lie. he dial. alk a a sh ubbe y, which is simila o […][...]
pa a i s […] a medicinal o es plan wi h a long-s emmed s em […] (g i ėnienė ibd.) due o
i s sliding s em. The es o a ion o he "papuoio" o he ph ase is also ques ionable,
because he seman ic ex ensional o he lexeme does no e lec such meanings.
hypo hesis, nei he is […] he oo o he e b. he lie. The e m "symbolic" is used o
desc ibe a ype o symbolic ep esen a ion o a pa icula objec , e.g. he wo d
"symbolic" is used o e e o a ype o symbolic ep esen a ion, e.g. he wo d
"symbolic" is used o e e o a ype o symbolic ep esen a ion. he dial. The ool, he
de ice (dūnŽ 249) is a ool (su . *-l edinys). he dial. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed:
(34b) a ool, a de ice; […] (col) o ix, o se e meals […] j. whi e. (LkŽe). The idea o he
o igin o he phy onym in ques ion can be easily explained by he a o emen ioned non-associa i e
21 lie. dial. a lka a šniū ininkė ‘ amažolė (Glechoma)’, supo-
Commission shall: o make i idy, la , pleasing; o make, o s aigh en; I'm going o ge ou o he e. cleaning,
cleaning and plan ing; o lie down, o lie down; o d ess, o d ess; change o clo hes; O he , o ci cula
c oss-sec ion, o i on o s eel o do some hing; o o m, o a ise; he oad; o i ica ions ( o i ica ions,
ences and he like); o be c ushed o c ushed; wha o do wi h a ce ain shape, shape; o build a building;
ins alled, i ed; o es ablish, o es ablish; o d aw up, o d aw up; o p epa e (ea ing, d inking, ea ing, e c.)
o se e; o any wo k, o any pu pose; a i icial, p e ending o do; o be made in o a cocoon; o d ess, o
appea , o p e end; o cause incon enience; se le down; s aigh en, s aigh en whe e; occu ; o p epa e,
ke in i (ką da y i); su a ky i, pa eng i, kad bū ų inkamas a o i, naudo is; pa eng i da bui (pada gą,
į ankį, indą i k .); išmiklin i; įdi b i (žemę); pa ūpin i, įgy i; pa ink i, pa aupy i; paski i, nu ody i, ką
kam da y i, kuo bū i; iškel i ( es u es, pokylį); sukel i kokį eiškinį; už auk i (nege o ę); pak eip i
ku ia linkme; pa algy i, užki s i; p imuš i; užmuš i, nužudy i; p igau i, su edžio i (me giną); pa og i;
o p epa e ( o an ac ion, an ac i i y, an e en ); o be disposed o , o be eleased, o be dismissed (LkŽe).
21 Plg. he mo phological s uc u e o he plan assumed by he k o n o a y u s subs . he lie. Pa s
and accesso ies o machines o heading 8471 o machines o heading 8472 O a hickness no exceeding
0,2 mm a ce ain amoun o ( ibe ), zinc; (bo .) amendmen , d iekana, ie ena, sha kojis (Lycopodium) […]
d iẽkana 1 […] (bo .) he da žų pik žolė ha is being buil and (o ano he apophonic deg ee) al eady
men ioned in he le e . The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h
A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his
Regula ion. O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e : Sou a agon (Polygonum a icula e) […] LbZ (LkŽe) and hei gene ic subs i u es he lie. a woman who has been aped, a woman who has been abandoned, a woman who has been aped, a man who has been aped, a man who has been aped; leng h, wid h (LkŽe).
The sepa a ion o hese seman ic le els is e y impo an , because some esea che s in e p e
associa i es as p ima y de e ba i es, al hough hey a e ea ed as denomina i es, e.g. lie. pa á ška
pa é ška […]B iza media[…] g i ėnienė (2006: 61) is associa ed wi h he wind-d i en wind-d i en sound (plg. lie. counselling
156 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIVLXV con aining he second seman ic wo k on plan
oLandas k egŽdys
names wi h p ae . he di e en ypes, mo i a ed by o mal ea u es […] ex e nal
(physical) p ope ies in alue: he s ems o his he b o he amily Labia ae […] o he
lowe ing plo (G. hede aceae)22 a e simila o he po a oes (g i ėnienė ibd.), i.e. he
ho izon al a angemen o he main pa o he plan and he co esponding
mo phological lea es de e mined he g a in o he names o he wo plan species
suppo s he seman ic and mo phological s uc u e (c . The alkūnas (ska džius i 336)
is an adj. he lie. The ollowing de ini ions shall apply: l a u n a s, l a n k s u s, s ang us, el
as i n g a s; lexible, olded (abou a pe son, pa o he body); No u he wo ked
han ho - olled, in coils O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils lazy, clumsy;
gli us, lipus, and hi s ; s ong, du able, endu ing (like a human, like a animal); I 's been a
long ime since I' e had a ca . I 's been a long ime since I' e had a ca . I 's been a long
ime since I' e had a ca . - a he exis ence o he sexes.
So i is sa e o say ha i does. The e m "Lycopodium" is no a de oga o y e m, bu is ea ed as a
hype no malism (wi h he oo -ai ie oj šako u s iebeliu and spygliškais lapel (Lycopodium) Š nč, kli (LkŽe) <
e imologinio -ą- (apie okių kilmę plačiau ž . u bu is 1998: 55–56)), sie inas su subs .
lie. pa ąsa pl. 3b ‘(bo .) spo inis pa aisinių šeimos daugiame is miškų augalas
p ae . he lie. pa- + a d and j. he lie. he dial. […] adj. o be co ec […] o be co ec […] o be co ec […] o be
co ec […] o be co ec […] o be co ec […] o be co ec […] o be co ec […] o be co ec […] o be
co ec […] he lie. Tha 's i , - 4 ‘I'm going o ake a nap, I'm going o ake a nap, I'm going o ake a nap, I'm
going o ake a nap, I'm going o ake a nap, I'm going o ake a nap, I'm going o ake a nap, I'm going o ake a
nap. S in g as, a lk us, he bel , he sca ; ha d; O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o i on o s eel
long-las ing, sho -li ed […] (LkŽe) o subs . he lie. This is he ou h ime I' e been o his place. This is he
i s ime I' e been o his place. o ca y ou , do o go, con inue o con inue u he […] (LkŽe) […] subs . he
lie. I is also known as he 'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian'
o 'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian' o
dinasi, galima ekons uo i sememą ‘augalas, ku is empiamas ęsiasi, įs a’.
'Bas onian' o 'Bas onian'. o s l a, sel -sowing (plg. i oniminę conno a ion: The a he is he same, he
mo he is he same, he child en a e he same (ž i ni s) kos 84) (LkŽe), subs . he lie. he dial. 2 ‘pocke s wi h
spades ob ained by linseed ex ac ion P ng, d (LkŽe)23. I you ha e a lo o hai , i 's di y. p is equal o (LkŽe)
and gliwa (2009: 84) also explains i as a e b om he e b. he lie. o sp ead pollu ing noise, o ba k; d i e in a
pollu ed en i onmen ; O a hickness no exceeding 0,2 mm bu no exceeding 0,2 mm a ening and a ening; he e b " o see". he lie. o all, o all, o all, o all; o spi , o spi (LkŽe), and as a denonamina ed subs ance om he subs . he lie. he pea l 1 […] plepys, he pea l […] […] e škà 4 […] . p is equal o (LkŽe), al hough he lexeme is assigned o he class o e bs.
22 Pu suan o subpa ag aphs (a) and (b). he lie. Amendmen 2 ‘(bo .) s i e b i n i o he class o spo id
plan s (Lycopodineae) LbŽ (LkŽe). 23 The la e was de i ed om he e b. he lie. o go on and on and on and
on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on
and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and
on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on
and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on. o be d agged, o be d agged, o be d agged, o be
d agged; pushing o mo e in any di ec ion, mo ing, pushing, pulling; o kick, o push, o sc a ch, o kick;
i edness a wo k; o pull, o pull a i mly held o di icul o each objec ; o a kind used in he manu ac u e o goods o Chap e 87 di icul o ca y, di icul o li ; di icul o anspo ; o con inue, o delay, o delay; o con inue and k . (LkŽe) e b. he lie. o be a ac ed o some hing, o be a ac ed o some hing; o lo e; o be pushed, o be bea en; How much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull, how much o pull. o be plan ed; wi hd aw; o be demolished; o be cooked, o be peeled, o be peeled; o spi , o spi ; how much o con inue; o co e , o p o ec and so on.
y ų bal ų i onimų mo eminio skaidymo ypa umai
(e ninės žodžių iden i ikacijos p oblema ika)
157 Discussion pape s published in he jou nal
Discussion Pape s 8. This is LA. The DIAL. This
Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
(LYCOPODIUM) […] This is no he case.
The La. he dial. The o igin o he species Lycopodium is unclea (see gliwa 2009: 83-84).
Based on he ma e ial p o ided in Ka l Miulenbach's dic iona y (Me i 84), i is possible o
specula e on he occu ence o i onimin in La ian-language syllables o he panmiks
(linguis ic) name o his plan , cha ac e is ic o Li huanian syllables. due o he
co espondence o Miūlenbach wi h he Li huanian language egion ‘čeme ys
(Ve a um) o his lexeme, i is possible o make an assump ion abou he
hype onymiza ion o he names o di e en species o plan s (see he end o he
i s pa ag aph, he seman ic […] localiza ion […] ype), plg. lie. he dial. he plan
Lycopodium selago (dūnŽ 34), i.e. he plan o he swamp amendmen (Le XXii 150),
al hough in Vi kausko (dūnŽ ibd.) he illus a i e examples o lexemes suppose ha
he liquid o his plan (Ve a um) is des oyed by he u e us (!!!). The mix u e o
phy onins was de e mined, appa en ly, by he loca ional iden i y, i.e. he place o
g ow h […] he o es (pa iso), he pamiškė […] he che y (plg. apdzi[…]as auguo p i
žu me ž uos un suo līdzīgas s aipekļiem (Me ibd.), i.e. […]če m e y s au ga p a mi šk ės e
and is l a ba i pan us aš į pa ai[…]) […] and uzua linė, bo h o which a e medicinal plan s
used only o he ea men o di e en diseases. So he e ymological analysis o
his wo d is no complica ed: la. wild plan s o he genus Apzias *'pagi io, espec i ely.
c azy […] he p ae . The la. […] + wi h b s . la. I 's called he Me i 555. The e o e, he
s a emen o gliwos (ibd.), ha his denomina i e is a e b edinys, is ea ed as
an example o he e ymology o he people.
9 . Based on he b ie analysis o he phy onyms gi en by aibend ini, one can
un ese edly ag ee wi h albe u osini, who o mula ed a me hodological hesis o
a oiding phan asmago ic in e p e a ions o casuis ic a gumen s (1997: 73): […][...] in
sol ing complex ques ions o he de elopmen o acciden al mo phology, i is
necessa y o abandon he me hods o a omic esea ch and he compa ison wi h
o he Indo-Eu opean languages, whose da a, a he han he mo i es o hei
de elopmen , can o en lead o con usion. The ac o e e y language mus be
in es iga ed om he poin o iew o he sys emic ela ionships o ha language
(o dialec ), om he poin o iew o he con ex s o i s use and om he poin o iew o p agma ics, in sea ch o i s in e nal mo i es o change.
(in he a med o ces) sys em.

158
oLandas k egŽdys
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIV–LXV
10 . O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion
10.1. he essen ial ac o de e mining he di ec ion o he e ymological analysis
o lexemes […] he iden i ica ion o he leas signi ican pa o he wo d
dis inguished by he econs uc i e-p agma ic me hod.
10.2 The absence o he smalles summa ized pa o he wo d o he o mal
al e na i e is econs uc ed on he basis o he seman ic alue o he uzus. 10.3.
he ollowing mo phological ( esp. e ymological) spelling o Li huanian and La ian
phy onyms has been es ablished:
10.3.1. is plan o he amily […]g azdikinių (Malachium)[…] → *pas-iu- -enis (wi h
adial -iuabso p ion) → lie. he dial. I 's called he passi e oice, he passi e
oice, he passi e oice, he passi e oice, he passi e oice, he passi e oice,
he passi e oice, he passi e oice. * - F ench 10.3.2. o poisonous plan
(Cicu a) o he amily Nuokanaceae […] ← p ae . om- + subs . he lie. he dial.
I 's called a "galas". I 's called a "galas". om- + lie. ka-pa-na […]end, dea h[…] is
he one ha de e mines dea h o he plan o dea h[…];
10.3.3. he ollowing subpa ag aph is inse ed: he lie. he ollowing en y is
inse ed: he lie. he dial. (Col.) *paduc […] une en, sh i elled ([…] sh edded)
mush oom mush oom […] adj. he lie. he dial. (col.) * he pa o he neck
(sh edded, because squeezed) as a padu kas […] ← lie. (column) he compa men […] he in e io o he ga men , he loo , he palanquin […] (wi h
-al- > -au-, ypical o bo owe s);
10.3.4. is bo de […]g ass- lowe ed plan , jujube (Hypochoe is) […] *pasie- y-nis
[…]sounds like a sie e[…] o sauce, d ied g ass = jujube […] p ae . pa- +
subs i u ed he lie. silk om s aw o namen s; such as i e bank g ass;
10.3.5. and The pose […]nis […]džiugūnė (Hypochoe is) […] is he […]po-su-kainis […] he
one who is bound, pinned, igh ened […] (wi h -ukabso bcija) […] p ae . he po- +
e b. he lie. he dial. o make un o […] o make un o , o make un o […] e b.
he lie. he dial. o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil,
o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o
boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil, o boil […]se e al imes squeezed wi h
10.3.6. lie. póminis ‘e aičinas (Fes uca)’ ← a) (apelia y as) lie. dial. (žem.) pomi-
s aps, handcu s o some hing else[…] and so on. ([…] subs . he lie. […]kainė (bo .)
Co emium, i.e. he pa ha eeds he mush oom, made om he shell ish
ma ke […]); a plan ha g ows in we lands o we lands < op he lie. he dial. (b)
he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: p. (wi h abso p ion and -a- > -o-, plg. lie. he
lake […] place by he lake […] […] op. he lie. (land) Pó-že ė […] illage nea he au agė[…]) < op. Paminij, a place by he Minija i e < op. he lie. (Land) Pomenie (= Paminijės) ‘6 a ea on he Minija i e , wes o Ža ėnai and no h o
ie a o’; b) lie. dial. (žem.) póminis *‘augalas, augan is d ėgnose ie ose’ <
lie. *po-ne-minis ‘ . p.’ (su -ne- abso bcija dėl onologiškai apačių skiemenų
ka ojimosi, . y. -ne-…-ni-; -i- < -u- dėl eg esy inės asimiliacijos) < subs .
y ų bal ų i onimų mo eminio skaidymo ypa umai
(e ninės žodžių iden i ikacijos p oblema ika)
The e a e 159 discussion pape s in he discussion publica ions. ♪ I don' know
wha o do ♪ p is equal o (subs an i e) < adj. he ollowing pa ag aph is
inse ed: *no - ‘ hose cha ac e ised by a damp place;
10.3.7. is no applicable. pamienis ‘šunažolė (Dac ylis glome a a) ← *pa-ka-mienis
‘žolė, which g ows only in shady places, in c azy places, in hills, in cu -o places,
i.e. whe e he e a e ees (wi h adial -abso p ion) < p ae . pa- + subs i u ed
he lie. he s one g ows, he ee sh inks, he unk sh inks, and so on. ; 10.3.8. is
no applicable. […]palpsh i palpsh i […]mul i-annual o namen al plan o he genus
[…]Cy isus[…] ← […]palpsh i […]plan wi h a sub-b anching la ankle […] (wi h p-k- >
p-ppp o a - eaching assimila ion) […] p ae . he lie. and + adj. he lie. l[…]kš as,
-à […]plokščias, gas, equal o […];
10.3.9. is he dial. paliepa […] he g ea ca e pilla (T opaeolum majus) […] ←
[…]paliep-sn-a […] ed would ha e been c ushed, like a blood-abso bing ca e pilla
plan […] (-snabso b ion) […] p ae . he lie. pa- + subs i u ed he lie. A i e, ising
om a bu ning objec . he plan o he amily G aizdikinių wi h b igh ly
colo ed lowe s, i e ly (Lychnis) […];
10.3.10. is no applicable. O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e :
O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e : The Commission shall be
empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. he lie. and + adj. he lie. The ghos , he co pse, he co pse.
10.3.11. is no applicable. pã ais […] a spo id pe ennial o es plan o he pa ais
amily wi h a oo ed s em and spiky lapels (Lycopodium) […] […] hype no malism (wi h
he oo […]ai ie oj e ymological […]), sie ine wi h subs . he lie. pa ąsa ‘(bo .)
spo is is a pe ennial o es plan o he P asiaceae amily, Lycopodium p ae . he
lie. and + adj. he lie. he dial. […] adj. o be co ec […] o be co ec […] o be
co ec […] o be co ec […] o be co ec […] o be co ec […] o be co ec […] o
be co ec […] o be co ec […] o be co ec […] he lie. Tha 's wha i 's all abou .
Tha 's wha i 's all abou . Tha 's wha i 's all abou . elas ic, loose, bel , loose and he
aisas (Lycopodium)’ < p ae . la. ap- ‘(žymi daik ą, esan į aplink ką no s)’ +
subs . la. dziŗa (dz e) ‘miškas’.
like. ; 10.3.12. is no applicable. he dial. The building o he palace is he building o he
palace. Rink iniai w i ings 13, composed by Z. Zinke ičius. The Vilnius:
S a e publishing house o poli ical and scien i ic li e a u e, 1958-1961.
He is he son o Vi kauskas Vy au as. A dic iona y o No he n Eas e n Dunes
dialec s. Vilnius: Science, 1976. This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has been consul ed on his ma e .
I 's called Poko ny Julius. Indoge manisches e ymologisches Wö e buch 12. This is
München: ancke Ve lag, 1959–1969.
he i s edi ion o he book. Be ne and K Ž iii […] Pupkis Aldonas. He is a membe o
he Eu opean Pa liamen . The ocabula y o Kazlų Rūdos šnek os is 12. Vilnius: Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language, 2008-2009
160 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIVLXV kŠŽ […] Vilu y ė and he amily. The ocabula y
oLandas k egŽdys
o Kal anėnai slang. Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, La […] Adminis a i e and
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