Mato Slančiausko rankraštinis žodynėlis „Lietuviški vardai“

Janina Švambarytė-Valužienė

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JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ

Institute of the Lithuanian Language

Research areas: dialect analysis of written sources, dialect lexicography and lexicology, sociolinguistics.

MATO SLANČIAUSKAS’S MANUSCRIPT DICTIONARY

LITHUANIAN NAMES

Manuscript Dictionary Lithuanian Names by Matas Slančiauskas

ABSTRACT

The article presents, for the first time to the scholarly community, Matas Slančiauskas’s manuscript dictionary Lithuanian Names, compiled around 1911–1918. It discusses the structure of the manuscript, describes the dictionary’s component sections, and provides a linguistic analysis of them. The material in the manuscript dictionary Lithuanian Names is summarized, highlighting the enduring value of M. Slančiauskas’s work. The entire manuscript is presented in the appendix to the article.

ANNOTATION

The article presents for the first time to the academic community the manuscript dictionary Lithuanian Names by Matas Slančiauskas. M. Slančiauskas compiled the dictionary around 1911–1918. The article discusses the structure of the manuscript, presents and describes its structural parts, and analyzes them linguistically. The material of the manuscript dictionary Lithuanian Names is summarized, highlighting the enduring value of M. Slančiauskas’s work. All the material in the manuscript is provided in the appendices to the article.

INTRODUCTION

The manuscript legacy of Matas Slančiauskas (1850 II 21–1924 III 11) concerning language has not yet been made fully known to the scholarly community or the public. This article presents M. Slančiauskas’s manuscript dictionary Lithuanian Names, preserved in the manuscript repository of the Lithuanian Institute of Literature and Folklore.

KEYWORDS: personal names, diminutives, ethnonyms and names of ethnic groups, phonetic spelling, the Šiauliai subdialect of Western Aukštaitian.

KEYWORDS: personal names, diminutives, ethnonyms and names of ethnic groups, phonetic spelling, West Aukštaitian sub-dialect of Šiauliai.

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The manuscript repository of the Lithuanian Institute of Literature and Folklore. It is marked with two shelf marks: those of the Lithuanian Scientific Society and the LLTI. Full shelf mark: LMD I 1060. 6 fascicles. 564.

M. Slančiauskas himself did not give this manuscript a title. The author considers it entirely justified to call it Lithuanian Names, since the first part begins with the title Lithuanian Names, while in the subsequent text only a number and the word names remain, for example: 2 names, 3 names, 4 names [...] 12 names. The other two parts are titled What=Kits and Names=and=designations (nicknames), which name certain realities; therefore, the title of the first part, Lithuanian Names, can be used as the title for the entire manuscript. M. Slančiauskas’s manuscript is called a small dictionary because it not only lists Lithuanian words (surnames, village names, diminutive words, and so on), but many of them are grouped by occupation, and some are explained through generalizing statements. The term used below is the small dictionary Lithuanian Names.

M. Slančiauskas does not indicate exactly when the small dictionary Lithuanian Names was written. It may be that, in his old age, he tried to accomplish as much as possible: he wrote memoirs, collected folklore, and compiled folklore collections, paying no attention to dating. According to folklorist Norbertas Vėlius, the small dictionary Lithuanian Names was prepared between 1911 and 1915¹.

M. Slančiauskas liked to sew notebooks himself from sheets of paper intended for various purposes². The notebook of the small dictionary Lithuanian Names is made from 24 pages of paper ruled into columns. The page is 11.5 cm wide and 17.5 cm high. Eight vertical columns, ruled across the paper, are clearly legible and visible; their Russian headings read: Мѣсяцъ, Число, № Арт., Паръ (this section is divided into smaller ones, marked 1, 2, 3.). Всего паръ., Цѣна, Руб., Коп. The vertical columns are crossed by 17 horizontal lines. On these columns, M. Slančiauskas wrote, numbered, and wavy-underlined names (varðai) on each page. The numbering of the first part of the dictionary, Names, begins with 2 and ends with 13. If the names do not fit on one page and continue onto the next, that page is left unnumbered³.

The second part of the dictionary is marked with the number 14 and titled What=Kits, while the third part, titled Names=and=designations (nicknames), is marked with the number 15. The following six pages are unnumbered.

What are the words that M. Slančiauskas identified as names, designations, and nicknames? They could now be divided into several groups: a) proper names (personal names, place names); b) designations for family members and social classes, and their derivatives with diminutive

¹ Norbertas Vėlius simply calls the manuscript a collection, cf.: “He also prepared a collection devoted to linguistic matters, into which he gathered Lithuanian surnames, affectionate-diminutive names for family members, and Lithuanian names for other nationalities and separate social estates and groups.” For more, see Vėlius 1974: 27.

² Plačiau žr. Švambarytė-Valužienė 2011: 53–65.

³ The lists of 6 names and 11 names conclude on other pages of the small dictionary.

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with suffixes; c) ethnonyms (the names of peoples or ethnic groups and their explanations); names of social groups, designations according to religion, names used in folklore, and other names with brief descriptions. Altogether, the glossary Lietuviški vardai contains 382 words, of which 274 are presented in the first part, Vardai; 57 in the second part, Kas=Kits; and 51 in the third part, Vardai=ir=vadinimai (nušaukimai).

The glossary consists of three parts, discussed in terms of the structure of object naming and related to current scholarly research; the terminological nature of the linguistic expression in the glossary Lietuviški vardai is also reviewed.

The aim of the article is to describe the structure of the manuscript glossary and conduct a linguistic analysis of it. To this end, the following questions are posed: a) when and how was the manuscript compiled; b) what are its constituent parts; c) what linguistic material does it contain, and how is it presented; d) is it reflected in works and card indexes of Lithuanian linguistics; e) how should the material be evaluated in the context of contemporary research?

The article employs descriptive, comparative, quantitative, and material-structuring methods.

OVERVIEW OF THE MANUSCRIPT GLOSSARY

LITHUANIAN NAMES: AN OVERVIEW

Names⁴

M. Slančiauskas assigns to this section proper names: surnames and place names from the Joniškis region. On page 13, a parenthetical note states that the surnames and Vardai sodžiu “Vardai sodžių” are from the Saločiai parish (Pasvalys district).

M. Slančiauskas grouped surnames according to recurring endings, and therefore different pages contain names with differing structures. It is apparent that the author paid attention not only to word endings (suffixes), but also to word structure (compounds), likely seeking possible origins for the surnames.

On pp. 1–2, M. Slančiauskas lists the surnames alphabetically in a column, giving the disyllabic, short form of each surname and its variant with the suffix –ūnas. M. Slančiauskas links the two surnames with the = sign, for example: Jankus = Jankunas, Mankus = Mankunas, Mickus = Mickunas, Mitkus = Mitkunas, Morkus = Morkunas, Norkus = Norkunas, Prankus = Prankunas, Ratkus = Ratkunas, Rimkus = Rimkunas, Stankus = Stankunas, Sutkus = Sutkunas, imkus = imkunas, Tautkus = Tautkunas, Vaitkus = Vaitkunas, Vaitiekus = Vaitiekunas, Vitkus = Vitkunas. Where the disyllabic word

⁴ This section of the article presents the surnames as recorded by Matas Slančiauskas. The article’s author, insofar as the material supplied by M. Slančiauskas allows, indicates the possible method of surname formation.

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The variant is not indicated; only surnames are listed, e.g.: Bratkunas, Laikunas, Petrikunas, Šaikunas, Tvaskunas. Slančiauskas also recorded surnames on these pages: Kaunas, Kaunys, Kunas, Perkunas.

On p. 3, titled 2 names, M. Slančiauskas singled out old two-stem personal names whose final element is -mantas (dialectal form -mantis), e.g.: Daumantas, Eišmantas, Jomantas, Kamantas, Lymantas, Skirmantas, Talmantas, Vidmantas, Vismantas, Žymantas and Normantis.

On p. 4, titled by M. Slančiauskas 3 names, the surnames ending in -as and -is reflect variation in the stem-final elements, as seen in surnames with -tautis: Bertautis, Butautis, Gažtautis, Viltautis, but Bytautas, Cirtautas, Goštautas, Kontautas. M. Slančiauskas’s personal names associated with the word tauta, are presented so that -tautis is used as the second or first element of a compound word, cf.: Mintautas, Nutautas, Gintautas, Žutautas and Tautkus, Taučiunas, Tautginis, Tautkunas, Tautvaišas.

On p. 5, 4 names, the personal names recorded by M. Slančiauskas with -gėla, -gėla(i)s, -gaila(ius), -gilas, -gelaitis are associated with the words gėlti, gėlà, gailėti (gaili), gailùs, e.g.: Daugela, Jagela; Mingelas, Jaugelis, Mangelis; Skirgaila, Songaila, Svidrigaila; Vižgailius; Norgilas; Daugelaitis. One surname is probably Latvian: Kežgalins.

On p. 6, 5 names, M. Slančiauskas separates with two long dashes the surnames containing the compound element akis. First he lists the personal names in which this element occurs at the beginning, e.g.: Akas, Akilaitis, Akunis, Akis, Akylius. After the first dash come surnames in which the element -akis (-akas) is the final part of a personal name, e.g.: Baltakas, Baltakis, Jautakis, Ylakis, Kaulakis, Ketrakis, Keturakis, Laurnakis, Mylakis, Pašakis, Plačakis, Plakis. After the second dash Slančiauskas lists these surnames: Rudakis, Smalakis, Spirakis, Šakis, Taurakis, Žalakis.

On pp. 7–8, 6 names, M. Slančiauskas lists surnames with -eikis, e.g.: Adeikis, Vijeikis, Brazdeikis, Dirbeikis, Dirmeikis, Kanteikis, Kiauleikis, Kušleikis, Lapeikis, Lydeikis, Maldeikis, Mišeikis, Petreikis, Rimeikis, Rupeikis, Rusteikis, Sereikis, Saveikis, Skabeikis, Šateikis, Šileikis. For some surnames, M. Slančiauskas also records shorter forms: Alseikis = Alsys, Budreikis = Budrys, Jauneikis = Jaunys, Juodeikis = Juodis, Noreikis = Noras, Rimeikis = Rimas. M. Slančiauskas recorded many surnames of this type, so they did not fit on a single page.

On p. 9, 7 names, M. Slančiauskas wrote in smaller letters: Romas = Romutis = Romutaitis; Rimas = (Rimaitis). One surname is written even as follows: RimVydas. In the recorded personal names, the elements ram-, rim-, rom- most often occur at the beginning of a word or (as the element -rimas) at the end, e.g.: Ramonas, Ramačiūnas = Romančionis, Rimkus, Rimkunas, Rimeikis, Rimgaila; Mantrimas, Kantrimas, Putrimas.

On p. 10, 8 names, M. Slančiauskas recorded four surnames with -kantas, -kantis, associated with the words kančia, kęsti, e.g.: Viskantas, Daukantas, Girkantis, Žukantis.

On p. 11 M. Slančiauskas presents 9 and 10 names. Under 9 names, surnames with the element -gail(a) are singled out, associated with the word gailà, gailėti, which is used as a personal-name

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initial and final elements, e.g.: Gailis, Gailutis, Gailiūnas; Songaila, Rimgaila, Višgaila. 10 names Slančiauskas’s recorded personal names with the elements gáudyti, gūdas, -ė, e.g.: Gudas, Gudaitis, Gudanis (probably Latvian), Gelgaudas, Lygudas.

pp. 12–13, 11 names, surnames recorded by M. Slančiauskas with the suffix –(i)ulis, e.g.: Bandžiulis, Bičiulis, Baciulis, Baltulis, Baliulis, Batulis, Beniulis, Braziulis, Bulys, Didžiulis, Gatulis, Jarulis, Jatulis, Jeniulis, Kaziulis, Keršulis, Kukulis, Liulis, Mačiulis, Matulis, Pakulis, Pečiulis, Pranciulis, Raziulis, Sabulis, Samulis, Spudulis, Staniulis, Stasiulis, Tamulis, Vaičiulis, Veniulis, Valiulis, Žigulis. Three surnames separated by three asterisks, with the element –(i)uolis, were included in this list, e.g.: Skruolis, Šniuolis, Vijuolis.

p. 14 (12 names) Surnames recorded by M. Slančiauskas with the element –(g)inis (as) and its dialect form –(g)ins, which is associated with the word gìnti and is used as the second element of a two-stem personal name, e.g.: Butgins, Dauginis, Metgins, Ogins, Tautgins, Vidginis, Virginis. Metgins and Ogins could be Latvian surnames. Beside one surname, M. Slančiauskas wrote the following in parentheses: Longins (Latin).

p. 15 (13 names) Surnames and village names from the Saločiai parish (Pasvalys district) recorded by M. Slančiauskas; accordingly, the designation is followed by the parenthetical reference (saločių parapijoje pavardės “surnames in the Saločiai parish”). M. Slančiauskas did not attempt to group the personal and place names here, but simply wrote down everything provided by some person, presumably someone who lived in Saločiai or came from the Saločiai parish. Among the surnames, the following are noteworthy: Meldutis, Ožela, Mičiuks, Matulions, Dulmans, Mašals, Mašaliuks, Mikaliuns, Tijunas, Užkurs, Švežiks, Putelis, Če pulis, Kepuls, Žiedelis, Verkys, Kriaučiuns, Liesvenčiuns, Liudvigs, Šaučiuns, Strielčiuns. One surname is not clearly written: Kulbokas? M. Slančiauskas consistently writes the endings of surnames ending in –is, while other endings are abbreviated. Among the given names, the following are noteworthy: Indre, Tuoms, Aleksandra, Liudvigs, Rapols, Vince. The first two appear alongside the surnames, while the others follow asterisks, the distinguishing mark used by Slančiauskas. In the second column are listed vardai sodžiu “village names.” Among them, the following are noteworthy: Bajorai, Baltpamušis, Dzietoniai (Dcietoniai?), Dzeltenpamušis, Gniaužei, Grybkelei, Kemenai, Kubiliunai, Sadogala, Šakarnei, Tervedenai, Žilpamušis.

Linguistic and statistical overview of the Names section

The first part of the glossary Lithuanian Names contains 240 surnames from the Joniškis area, 26 from the Pasvalys district and Saločiai, and the names of 12 villages from Saločiai. In total, M. Slančiauskas recorded 274 personal and place names. M. Slančiauskas classified personal names by structure⁵. First, patronymic surnames of two-stem origin are listed

₅ The author follows Vitalija Maciejauskienė’s view on evaluating surnames from the perspective of derivation. For more, see Maciejauskienė 2001: 167–187.

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of origin, followed by the sign = their variants with suffixes are given (see Names). Surnames recorded by M. Slančiauskas are associated both with appellatives and with proper words (akis, bičiulis, Rimas, Romas). Several surnames (Sutkunas, Ginkunas, Juodeikis, Tautinis and others) have become place names⁶.

Comparison of the surnames with the Dictionary of Lithuanian Surnames (hereafter LPŽ) showed that 81 surnames are still known in the areas around Joniškis, Skaistgirys, Žagarė, and Kriukai (see Table 1 in the appendix). Another 88 surnames are also mentioned in LPŽ, but are not recorded in the Joniškis area; they are known in the Šiauliai area (around Meškuičiai, Gruzdžiai, and Šakyna) (see Table 2 in the appendix). Fifty-one surnames are not included in LPŽ, but matches for many surnames (or their roots) were found in the Historical Personal Names Index of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language’s Department of Onomastics (LKI VS IAK). Several surnames are probably Latvian⁷ (see Table 3 in the appendix).

The 26 surnames from the Saločiai parish in the Pasvalys district are distributed as follows: 20 are listed in LPŽ and known in the Pasvalys region, 2 are found in the Joniškis region, and matches for 4 surnames occur in LKI VS IAK (see Table 4 in the appendix).

The largest number of surnames recorded by M. Slančiauskas have the suffixes –(i)ulis and –eikis, 36 and 32 respectively⁸. Six to seven surnames each are recorded with the suffixes and their variants –ela, –elis and –(i)unas, –(i)unis⁹. M. Slančiauskas recorded three surnames each with the suffixes –aitis, –(i)uolis, –(i)ulis. Two surnames are given with the suffix –(i)uk(a)s, and one surname each with the suffixes –ylius, –(i)on(i)s, –an(a,i)s, –al(a)s, –ur(a, y, i)s, –ika(a)s, –okas, –ol(a)s (see Table 6 in the appendix)¹⁰. There are 148 surnames with suffixes in total, and 17 suffixes and their variants. In addition to the suffixes most often cited by researchers of personal names—–aitis, –(i)ūnas and the diminutive suffixes –elis, –elė, –(i)ukas—M. Slančiauskas provides surnames with patronymic suffixes: –eikis, –(i)unis, –(i)uolis, –ylius, –(i)on(i)s, –an(a,i)s, –al(a)s, –ur(a, y, i)s, –ika(a)s, –okas, –ol(a)s and the diminutive suffix –(i)ulis (see Table 1).

M. Slančiauskas also recorded old surnames based on two-stem personal names (see Table 7 in the appendix)¹¹. In the first part of the glossary Lithuanian Names, in the section Names, the old two-stem surnames are formed from 9 stems, which occur as the first—

⁶ Sutkūnai (Šiauliai district), Ginkūnai (Šiauliai district), Juodeikiai (Joniškis district), Tautiniai (Šiauliai district)

⁷ For more, see ЛАФ 187–191.

⁸ Onomastic researchers distinguish patronymic-origin surnames with the suffixes –aitis, –ėnas, –(i)onis, –(i)ūnas, –elė, –elis, –ėlis, –ikas, –(i)ukas, –utis, –užis, –iška, –iškis. For more, see LPŽ 14; Maciejauskienė 1991: 230; 1994: 5, 84; Ragauskaitė 2005: 34, 37.

⁹ Apie pavardžių variantus plačiau žr.: Lietuvių pavardžių žodynas 1985: 17–18; Maciejauskienė 1991: 118–119; 1994: 53–63; Ragauskaitė 2005: 92.

¹⁰ Apie pavardes su mažybinėmis priesagomis plačiau žr.: Maciejauskienė 1991: 240; 1994: 12–13; Ragauskaitė 2005: 100, 103, 104.

¹¹ Apie dvikamienes pavardes plačiau žr. Maciejauskienė 1994: 83, 91–92; Maciejauskienė 2001: 178.

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either as the first or as the second component of a two-stem surname (118 surnames are listed in total). Of these, the component of as many as 25 surnames is the etymon -kūnas; 22 have Taut-, -tautas; 17, -akas, -akis; 14, Gail-, -gaila, -gailin(a)s, -gilas; 12, Ram-, Rom-, Rim-, -rimas; 11, -mantas, -mantis; 8, -ginis, -gins; and 5, Gud-, -gudas (see Table 7 in the Appendix).

Of the surnames recorded by Slančiauskas more than a hundred years ago, 71.1% are still in use in Lithuania today. Historically attested surnames recorded by M. Slančiauskas account for 28.9% (see LKI VS IAK).

¹ TABLE. Surnames with suffixes and two-stem surnames recorded by M. Slančiauskas

Surnames with a suffix

Number of surnames

Two-stem surnames

Number of surnames

–(i)ulis

-kūnas

-eikis

Taut-, -tautas

-ela, -elis

6 each

-akas, -akis

–(i)unas, –(i)unis

7 each

Gail-, -gaila, -gailin(a)s, -gilas

-aitis, –(i)uolis, –(i)ulis

After 3

Ram-, Rom-, Rim-, -rimas

–(i)uk(a)s

-mantas, -mantis

-ylius, –(i)on(i)s, –an(a, i)s, –al(a)s, –ur(a, y, i)s, –ik(a)s, –okas, –ol(a)s

After 1

-ginis, -gins

Gud-, -gudas

The 12 names of villages in the Saločiai parish of Pasvalys district recorded by M. Slančiauskas in the glossary were compared with the Place Names Dictionary (hereafter VŽ), the Directory of the Administrative-Territorial Division of the Lithuanian SSR (hereafter Ž I, Ž II), and the typescript Lists of Populated Places (hereafter LKI GVS), held by LKI. Most place names appear in parts I and II of Ž, as many as 8. Three of them are included in VŽ. One is mentioned in the typescript of place-name files held in the LKI GVS (see the table in Appendix 5)¹².

¹² For more on place-name files, see LVŽ XVII–XVIII.

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In summary, it can be said of this part of the glossary Lietuviški vardai that the variation in personal names and place names over more than a hundred years is not very pronounced, indicating stability in the use of personal names and place names.

What= else

On p. 16, in what M. Slančiauskas titled What= else, derivatives with various diminutive suffixes are presented in three columns for the words father, son, child; mother, daughter, sister; gentleman, person. M. Slančiauskas notes that two different words are used to denote a daughter and a sister, so these words and their derivatives are presented with a hyphen or separately, cf.: Dukte – dukra, Sesuo – sesuva, Motina, Moče. The suffixes worth noting are: a) -aitis, -aitė (tevaitis, sunaitis, vaikaitis, Motinaite, Dukraite, Dukraite, sesaite, seseraite, ponaitis, žmogaitis)¹³; b) -elis, -ela | -(i)ala, e.g.: tevelis, Motinela, sunelis, Duktiala – dukriala, Vaikelis, seserela, ponelis, žmogelis; c) -ytis, e.g.: tevytis, sunytis, Vaikytis, Motinyte, sesyte – seseryte, žmogytis; d) -utis, e.g.: tevutis, sunutis, Vaikutis, žmogutis; e) -utis, -(i)utė, e.g.: močiutė, dukrute, žmogutis; f) -(i)ukas, e.g.: poniukas.

M. Slančiauskas also provides derivatives of the words mentioned above formed with two suffixes (two-step formations): -elaitis (tevelaitis, sunelaitis, ponelaitis), -utelis, -utela (tevutelis, sunutelis, Vaikute-lis, močiutela), -uželis, -užela (tevuželis, sunuželis, Vaikuželis, dukružela, ponuželis, žmoguželis), -uty tis (sunutytis), -elytis (Vaikelytis, žmogelytis), -elaitis, -elaitė (seselaitė, žmog elaitis), -eliukas (poneliukas), -utėlis (ponutelis, žmogutelis). Two-step suffixal derivatives are predominantly formed from the masculine forms of the words mentioned.

Linguistic and statistical

What= else section overview

In the second part of the glossary Lietuviški vardai, What= else, or more precisely, on a single page, M. Slančiauskas has listed 57 words in three columns. These are derivatives formed from 8 simple (primary) nouns. Six denote kinship relations and are kinship terms, while two identify a person and describe their social class. Among the kinship terms, 43 suffixal derivatives are given from the primary nouns father, son, child, močia, mother, daughter, dukra, sister, sisters: of these, 34 are formed with one suffix and 23 with two suffixes (see Tables 11 and 13 in the appendix). Fourteen one-step and two-step suffixal derivatives are given from the words person and gentleman (see Table 12 in the appendix). Why M. Slančiaus-

¹³ Throughout this page, only the first words are capitalized, but the author capitalizes all derivatives of the words Motina, Duktė and Vaikas. The article follows M. Slančiauskas’s spelling.

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It is difficult to say now why these words were chosen. One thing is clear: they were among the most commonly used words in speech, while words with diminutive-affectionate forms, their diversity of formation, and their use are features of dialect speech preserved to this day in all Lithuanian dialects, including the Joniškis subdialect, where M. Slančiauskas recorded the words he heard in his glossary¹⁴.

The suffixed derivatives recorded by M. Slančiauskas with the most common and popular diminutive suffixes in Lithuanian -aitis, -aitė; -elis, -(ia)ela; -ytis, -ytė; -utis, -(i)ute¹⁵. Diminutive derivatives are formed with combinations of the suffixes mentioned -elaitis, -elaite; -elytis; -utelis, -utela; -utyis; -uželis, -užela¹⁶. The derivative with the suffix -ina, motina, had already lost its diminutive meaning by the 16th–17th centuries (Ambrazas 2000: 106–107, 195). The diminutive meaning of the two-stage derivatives of this word with -inaite, -inela, -inyte is evident. From a derivational perspective, the collective derivative sesuva, formed with the suffix -uva and denoting a group characterized by a shared property, is also analyzable (Ambrazas 2000: 51, 181).

Words with one diminutive suffix make up 59.6% of all the words recorded by M. Slančiauskas. Derivatives with the suffixes -aitis, -aite and -elis, -ela account for 15.8%; those with the suffixes -utis, -(i)ute make up 12.3%, while those with -ytis, -yte account for 10.5% of all derivatives (see Table 2).

Two-stage diminutives Kas=kits account for 40.4%. Those with the suffixes -utelis and -uželis, -užela make up 10.5%; those with the suffix -elaitis, -elaite account for 8.8%, and those with -elytis, -elyte for 3.5%.

A diminutive suffix, as a derivational element, is not always used to mark a diminutive meaning; compare: močiute and močiutela, or ponelis, poniukas, poneliukas (Macienė 2005: 35–41).

² TABLE. One-stage and two-stage diminutives recorded by Slančiauskas.

¹⁴ Plačiau žr. Joniškio šnektų pratimai ir tekstai 2001: 35.

¹⁵ For more on the abundance of diminutives in Lithuanian and diminutive suffixes, see DLKG 87–93; Ambrazas 2000: 93, 97, 103, 108, 109, 127.

¹⁶ For more on derivatives with two suffixes, see DLKG 93–94.

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In the second part, Kas=kits, M. Slančiauskas’s use of capital letters immediately catches the eye. Every headword begins with a capital letter, while derived words begin with a lowercase letter. Only the first letters of three words—Motina, Duktė, Vaikas—and their derivatives are consistently capitalized. One can only speculate about why M. Slančiauskas used capital letters. Perhaps because four daughters grew up in the Slančiauskas family; perhaps because the two sons born to them died soon afterward; perhaps because, after the death of his first wife, Barbora Čepulytė, M. Slančiauskas married a second wife, Ona Zalogaitė... However one looks at it, the capital letter was certainly no accident.

Names= and =designations (appellations)

On pages 17–23, M. Slančiauskas lists ethnonyms, names of ethnic groups, and various names for beings found in folklore, in alphabetical order and with brief descriptions. The words entered are underlined by the author, and synonyms are given in parentheses. M. Slančiauskas explains each headword in one or more sentences. The words explained in the third part, Names= and =designations (appellations), can be divided into several groups and discussed in the following order: ethnonyms (names of peoples or ethnic groups and their explanations); names of social groups; religious names; other names; and names used in folklore. The evaluative criterion of the oppositions own | one’s own (or recognizable), own | distinctive is appropriate for their discussion. The opposition own | one’s own suits names of peoples or ethnic groups. Slančiauskas uses the name lietuvi̇ninkai and understands a lietuvininkas as a Lithuanian from Greater or Lesser Lithuania, male or female, and, in part, as a Prussian; for example: Girenai or Giruzei, it seems they were once called Lietuvininkai by that name; Herulei are the same as Girulei.; There are many lietuvninkai among the Prussians.¹⁷ Of the ethnic groups in Lithuania, M. Slančiauskas mentions only two—the Dzūks and the Samogitians: Džiukai, in one part of Suwałki Governorate Lithuanians are called džiukai.; Žemaitėi are the same as lietuvininkai, only they speak in the Samogitian manner and live on that side, in the lower-lying part of Lithuania by the seacoast. One’s own and a gudas, cf.: In olden times Gudai was what Poles and Russians were called; now Samogitians call those same Lithuanians who live on the side toward Vilnius by that name. M. Slančiauskas also mentions historical tribes: Jatvežei, Jatvingai, Juodvyžei were people of the Lithuanian nation, but they were slaughtered by too many armies; Scitai or Skitai was an ancient name for Lithuanians, before they lived in Lithuania (unfinished); Trakai are our Lithuanian kin. Thus, one’s own and one’s kindred are people who speak somewhat differently and live in different parts of Lithuania or in neighboring lands.

M. Slančiauskas describes peoples who have had historical ties with Lithuania using the opposition own | easily recognizable; therefore, according to M. Slančiauskas, they require no broader explanation, cf.:

¹⁷ M. Slančiauskas inconsistently places a period at the end of explanatory sentences.

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broader explanation, cf.: Greikai – (Grekai – Grekonys), people mentioned everywhere since ancient times; Prancūzai, known to all Samogitians; Švedai, mentioned since ancient times and known to all of us; Turkai, people heard of and seen by most; Vokėčei, our neighbors, best known to us since ancient times; Žuivedai or Švedai, not far from us, across the sea; Žydai, likewise a people known to us and throughout the world since ancient times.

Peoples who are well (or somewhat less) known are also described very briefly by M. Slančiauskas, cf.: Danai, (Dakai) Denmark is a little-known land to us, despite being nearby; Estai are the same as Čiuknai; Finnai are likewise a kind of Čiuknai, living beyond St. Petersburg; Zaksai or Saksai, Saxon Germans; Igaunei, in Latvian, the same as Čiuknai; Ingelčikai are Anglikai, Anglikonai; Kaklai are people of the Maskoliai kind; Valakai are now called Italians around Ryma (– Rome); Rusai (– Ruskei) are the Maskoliai of our kingdom – Slavonai; Rusynai are people of the Slavonai nation living under Austrian rule.

M. Slančiauskas also identifies peoples according to the opposition own | distinctive. A people’s distinctiveness is said to lie in its martial or military character, for example: Tutorei or Tatarai were better known to Lithuanians of old as warriors. M. Slančiauskas also notes such a characteristic of a people as adaptation, for example: Vokžydžei are Jews dressed in German fashion who adapt their speech to sound German. Explanations of country names reflect economic distinctiveness known and valued in Lithuania, cf.: Anglikai, (Anglikonai, Angeliškai): they have been known to us since time immemorial; iron goods and the finest steel goods are made from coal; Holendai – (Olandai) when buying cloth, Dutch “lenderskas” cloth is better. M. Slančiauskas highlights a country’s cultural distinctiveness and describes people’s standard of living, for example: Gotai were Germanic people; the script is Gothic, the churches are in the Gothic style; Čiuknai, living beyond Riga, are poor folk. In terms of distinctive ways of life (for example, behavior unusual among Lithuanians), M. Slančiauskas mentions only a few peoples: Cigonai, well known among us and everywhere as dark-skinned people, horse traders, thieves, swindlers, and rogues; Kalmukai (Kalmikai) are people of the Tutorei kind; in the past they used to eat people, but now they have been weaned from it.

Among social-group names, M. Slančiauskas mentions only nobles, farmers, and tenants, describing them in terms of property ownership and hierarchical distinction, cf.: Bajorai, our upper social class, known to everyone; Ūkininkai, our landowners; Ynamei are our smallholders and villagers, and those on the outskirts of towns who have their own little hut of some kind or a small amount of land.

In the third part of the glossary Lietuviški vardai, Names= and =designations (appellations), groups of people are distinguished on religious grounds as well. Among these are žiniai and bambizai, cf.: Žinei are the ancient Lithuanian priests – žinei, žiniūnai – knowers; Bambizai is what our Catholics call kaloynai and Lutherans.

Other names include those for people or groups of people that indicate some distinction in a person’s appearance, behavior, way of life, or the like. The words recorded by M. Slančiauskas are anarchistas, bačkyras, burliokas,

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eidukas, šunburnis, vingras, žygūnas are explained as follows: Anarchists, who have now become very immoral people; they burn and overthrow kingdoms, beat rulers and authorities; Bačkyr<...>

JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ

There are 7 names (see Table 9 in Appendix 9). There are 9 designations by social status and other criteria (see Table 10 in Appendix 10).

M. Slančiauskas begins the description with words indicating closeness, familiarity, and ancient contacts with the Lithuanian people, cf.: live, those (they, themselves), (all) known to everyone (know), (kings) ours, who come to us, who lived in ancient times, that (those, former, people, be, ours, Jews,), heard of, once, most familiar. In this way M. Slančiauskas describes the oppositions own|one’s own, characteristic. The most commonly used words are they, that, those, former.

The description is usually given in a simple expanded sentence (sometimes with homogeneous sentence elements), e.g.: Girenai or Giruzei, that is, they were once Lithuanians by that name; Gypsies, well known to us and everywhere, dark people, horse traders, thieves, swindlers, vagabonds.

M. Slančiauskas also uses broader descriptions in simple sentences, separated by commas, and therefore these are considered compound asyndetic coordinate sentences, cf.: English (Anglicans, Ilgeliškai): these have been known to us since ancient times; all kinds of iron and the finest steel objects are obtained from coal. Kalmyks (Kalmiks) are people of the Tutoriu lineage; they used to be people of another kind, but now they have been weaned¹⁸.

A compound subordinate sentence is also used, cf.: Scythians or Skitai were the name of the ancient Lithuanians as long as they still did not live in Lithuania (M. Slančiauskas’s unfinished word).

The author creates more complex text when describing mythological or fairy-tale characters. For example, the text about witches and warlocks is composed of simple and compound sentences so as to form an appropriate description of the word being explained (see Names=and=designations (invocations)).

In the section under discussion, Names=and=designations (invocations), the ratio of simple to compound sentences is 39:17. There are 56 sentences in total. In the descriptions, simple expanded sentences account for 69.4%, while compound coordinate asyndetic and subordinate sentences account for 30.4% of all sentences.

M. Slančiauskas uses the following punctuation marks: the dash, parentheses, comma, period, and colon. The period, as a sentence-final mark, is placed at the end of a sentence, but inconsistently: eight sentences lack a period. M. Slančiauskas sometimes uses a colon to separate explanatory words, e.g.: Abrinakei: live somewhere far away beyond the sea, on the islands. M. Slančiauskas uses a dash to separate synonyms, which are usually given in parentheses, separated by dashes or an equals sign, e.g.: abrine – (vogone – skučiula); Greeks – (Grekai – Grekonys); Dutch – (Olandai); Lithuanian kings – žinei, žiniūnai – žinotojei; Žygunai (= Žygunotai). A dash separates the prefix non- from a verb or verb forms (not – would stand) or stable word

¹⁸ Plačiau žr. Labutis 1998: 172–177.

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compounds (šioke – toke)¹⁹. The main punctuation mark used by M. Slančiauskas is the dash, which separates: a) an explanatory word; b) homogeneous sentence parts; c) compound coordinate asyndetic sentences; d) compound subordinate sentences, e.g.: Anarchistai, asą dabar kilę labai nedori žmonys, jie deginą ir partiją karalystes, mušą valdonus ir vyresnybę; Cigonai, pas mums ir visur gerai žinomi juodi žmonys, arklių mainininkai, vagys, sukčei, šalbierei; Kalmukai (Kalmikai) tie asą iš Tutoriu kartos žmonys, jie esdavę kita karta žmonis, tiktai dabar juos atpratin; Danai, (Dakai) Danije mums mažai ta žeme pažystama, kad ir netoli.

M. Slančiauskas used the semicolon only once in a compound coordinate asyndetic sentence, e.g.: Anglikai, (Anglikonai, Ingeliškai): tie nuo senų senoves mums žinomi; iš anglijos visokius geležies ir geriause pliena daiktus gaunama.

M. Slančiauskas’s explanations are based on the following evaluative criteria: a) relations with Lithuania; b) manufacturing and product quality; c) war and belligerence; d) religion and its spread; e) way of life and behavior; f) traits unacceptable to humanity; g) distinctiveness of character and endurance; h) distinctiveness of language and dress.

The explanations in the section Names=and=designations (appellations) reflect the values, cultural, historical, and community experience, and natural attitudes of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

SPELLING AND DIALECTAL FEATURES OF THE MANUSCRIPT GLOSSARY LIETUVIŠKI VARDAI

Spelling and dialectal features

All the letters used by M. Slančiauskas are the same as in the standard language. The words highlighted occasionally contain the letter Ž, cf.: Žygunai, Žygunotai, Žinei, Žemaičėj²⁰. This spelling is inconsistent, since the letter ž is used when explaining a highlighted word, e.g.: žinei, žiniunai, žinotojei, žygiuotojei, žiniu.

M. Slančiauskas follows phonetic spelling, that is, he writes as he himself pronounced the words²¹. Phonetic spelling is most clearly reflected in word endings, for example, the nominative plural or instrumental plural forms, whose ending is –(i)ai after a palatalizing vowel,

¹⁹ Apie stabiliausius žodžių junginius plačiau žr. Marcinkevičienė 2001: 81–98; Švambarytė-Valužienė 2013.

²⁰ Capital letters are retained wherever M. Slančiauskas wrote them.

²¹ For more on punctuation, see pp. 11–12, in the section “Names=and=designations (appellations)”.

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are written: Abrinakei, keleivei, Igaunei, Jatvežei, Juodvyžei, sukčei, šalbierei, žmonel ei, Giruzei, žemaičei, Herulei, žmonel ei, Raganei, Ruskei, Maskolei, Šunburnei, Tutorei, žemturei, Vienakei, Vokečei, Vokžydžei, Ynamei, sodiečei, Žinei, žinotojei, žygiuotojei, nešiotojei, marškineis. Even the adverb form labiausei is written with -ei.

Some of the distinguishing features of the northern part of the Šiauliai subdialect of Western Aukštaitian, which encompasses Joniškis District, are: a) shortening of unstressed long vowels, b) rendering word-initial e, ei as a, ai, c) shortening of endings, d) hardening of l before the vowels e, ę, ei, ė, e) šlekiavimas²². These features are well reflected in the vocabulary booklet Lietuviški vardai by M. Slančiauskas, a speaker of the Šiauliai subdialect of Western Aukštaitian. The vowel -a in the -as ending is dropped in the nominative singular of nouns and adjectives and in uninflected verb forms, e.g.: uiltaks, „sveiks“, gerdams, Driuts, Bačkyrs, Kriaučiūns „Kriaučiūnas“, Liudvigs „Liudvikas“, Butgins „Butginas“.

In the nominative and genitive singular and the nominative and locative plural of nouns and adjectives, M. Slančiauskas writes the endings -ė, -ės as -e, -es, that is, in shortened form; compare: Vince „Vincė“, Indre „Indrė“, abrine „abrinė“, žeme, žemes „žemė, žemės“, už mares „už marės, už marių“, gadynes „gadynės“, karalystes „karalystės“, senoves „senovės“, pavardes „pavardės“, drobes „drobės“, kares karese „karės, karėsė, karai, karuose“.

In personal names, the nominative singular ending -ys is usually (though not always) shortened and written -is; compare: Plakis „Plakys“, Šakis „Šakys“, Liulis „Liulys“, but also Kaunys, Verkys.

Shortening of endings is reflected in the spelling of the accusative singular and genitive plural of nouns and adjectives; compare: šioke „šiokią“, toke „tokią“, grintele „grintelę“, koki „kokį“, mažuma „mažumą“, žinogu „žmogų“, gimine „giminę“, Ryma „Rymą“, Roma „Romą“, liga „ligą“, kalba „kalbą“, samti „samtį“, je „ją“, kita karta „kitą kartą“, nakti „naktį“, mariu „marių“, saliu „salių, salų“, Suvalku „Suvalkų“, Tutoriu „Tutorių, totorių“, Slavonu „Slavonų“, miesteliu „miestelių“, žiniu „žinių“, sodžiu „sodžių“, saločiu „Saločių“. Admittedly, these cases are not always written without the ogonek. M. Slančiauskas’s vocabulary booklet includes forms reflecting morphophonological spelling; compare: vyresnybe, vandeni, karta, arkliu, Lietuviu, karviu, apšaku, musu, žmoniu, pakraščių.

The locative singular of nouns and pronouns is shortened in two ways: either the shortest form, ending in the vowel -o or -y, is used, or a somewhat longer form with -i; compare: kakto „kaktoje“, gubernijo „gubernijoje“, pasviet y „pasvietyje“, žemesniojo vietoj „žemesniojoje vietoje“, senovej „senovėje“, rankoj „rankoje“, toj „toje“, pusej „pusėje“, Lietuvoj „Lietuvoje“.

In the endings of the nominative and genitive singular and the nominative and accusative plural of nouns and adjectives, participles (inflected verb forms), and the personal pronoun jis, ji, which substitutes for them, as well as the possessive pronoun savas, -a, M. Slančiauskas writes the vowels -(i)a and -o(s) as -e or -a; compare:

²² See LKTCH 60–65 for a more detailed discussion.

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Danije “Denmark,” valdze “power, authority,” geriause “best,” anglije “England’s,” pliena “steel,” maskolijes “Muscovy’s,” Saksonijes “Saxony’s,” pajure “coast,” olendriškas “Dutch,” lenderskas “Dutch,” Rygas “Riga’s,” gotiška “Gothic,” sava “one’s own,” senoses “old,” bažnyčias “churches,” laksty davuses “who used to roam,” atimdavusias “who used to take away,” pagadindavusias “who used to damage,” jes “them.”

Nasal letters are used exclusively in inflected verb forms—singular and plural forms of participles of various tenses and voices; cf.: sakydavęs, atsakydavęs, paklysta, sugavę, kilę, degina, mušą, buvę, nešiodavę, išžudę, apiburdavę, pagadindavę, nutverdavę, mesdavę, sudegindavę, varę, pamatę, čypdavę, pavirsdavę, pasiversdavę, galedavę, apsirėdę. Only a few participles (atiduodavęs “one who used to give back,” buvo “having been,” asa “saying, being”) were written dialectally by M. Slančiauskas.

Not only nominal forms are shortened, but also verb infinitives and finite verb forms, e.g.: užduot, užgert, vaikščioj, tur, gyven, vadin, but girdeti “to hear.”

Shortening of word endings can also be observed in the speech of present-day residents of Joniškis²³.

In word roots, the long vowels ē and ū are written e and u by M. Slančiauskas; thus, shortening of long vowels is preserved as a dialectal feature; cf.: sueda “eats,” driuti “to crumble,” musu “our,” dziukais “Dz(i)ūkai,” Girenai “Girėnai,” buk “be,” esdavę “used to be,” Prusai “Prussians,” turedavus “used to have,” edą “one who eats,” girdeti “to hear,” galeda ve “used to be able,” “deku” “thanks,” apsiredę “dressed,” begdavę “used to run,” nustovedavę “used to stand still,” apželus “overgrown,” Ukininkai “farmers,” kalbedami “while speaking,” pajure “coast,” Tevas “father,” sunaitis “son,” but Prancūzai.

The long vowels y, ē, and ū are also shortened in word suffixes; cf.: išpjaustitais “cut out,” apgargażejus “scorched, burned,” skambėjimu “by sound,” Jankunas “Jankūnas,” Gailiunas “Gailiūnas,” Kubiliunai “Kubiliūnai,” žmogutelis “little person.”

Other words by M. Slančiauskas are also written as they are pronounced, e.g.: minavojemi “mentioned,” teip “thus,” teipat “likewise.”

The broad vowel e is written ia, e.g.: liadais “with ice,” neprigardavus “without having drunk enough,” sesiala “little sister, sister,” duktiala “little daughter, daughter,” dukri a la “little daughter.”

The diphthong ie is written dialectally, that is, rendered as e or i(y), e.g.: vokėčių “German,” toki “such,” pryžodis “proverb.”

The short vowel i is represented by y, indicating lengthening of short vowels, a feature characteristic of the Western Highland Šiauliai subdialect, e.g.: styliaus “of style,” kalvynas “hilly terrain.”

²³ For more, see Exercises and Texts in the Joniškis Subdialects 2001 or CD, 2005.

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Instead of the long vowel y (i), M. Slančiauskas writes in, or vice versa; cf.: grintelė “grytelė,” kuningas “kunigas,” surakytus “surakintus.”

Among the dialectal features, noteworthy is the use of the vowel a at the beginning of a word, where Standard Lithuanian has e; cf.: asa “esą,” asąs “esąs.”

M. Slančiauskas also marks the hardening of the consonant l before sounds of the e, ė, ei type; cf.: skučiula “skučiulė, a small wooden container hollowed out from a piece of wood, with a lid, for storing butter, curd, cream, or fat,” veislas “veis lės,” Motinela “motinėle,” močiutela “močiutėla,” Dukterela “dukterėlė,” dukružela “dukružėlė,” Duktiala “duktelė, duktė,” dukriala “dukrelė,” seserela “seserėlė,” sesiala “seselė, sesuo.”

Words that may be identified as cases of šlekiavimas include: Giružei “Giružiai,” valadze “valdžia,” zmonys “žmonys, žmonės” (elsewhere, žmonys), Žemaitei “Žemaičiai,” Džiukai “Džiūkai,” dziukais “džiukais, džiūkais.”

Among the morphological dialect features, the following are noteworthy:

a) mixing of stems, that is, inflecting the plural forms of i-stems and e-stems according to the a-stem paradigm; cf.: raumenai, raumenais “raumenys, raumenimis,” žmonys, žmonis “žmonės, žmonės”;

b) use of feminine forms (masculine in Standard Lithuanian); cf.: už mares “beyond the sea, marės,” saliu “of islands, salės,” kares, kariu (karės, karių);

c) use of shorter word forms; cf.: gelžies “geležis,” Liuterus “liuteronus”;

d) use of uncontracted adverb forms seniaus “seniau,” labjaus “labiau”;

e) use of pronominal forms; cf.: geresnėses “geresnės,” žemesniojo “žemesnėje.”

In M. Slančiauskas’s glossary Lietuviški vardai, we also find the dialectal use of the preposition par (par daug “too much”), and ant su, among others, to express location (given ant Vilniaus toj pusej “lives on the Vilnius side, lives on the Vilnius side”), and su su with the instrumental case to indicate means (su vandeniu užduot “to dose with water, to give water to drink”).

Among the dialect vocabulary, noteworthy are nouns still used by the people of Joniškis, for example: kelinių “of trousers,” abrine “abrinė, a small wooden container hollowed out from a piece of wood, with a lid, for storing butter, curd, cream, or fat,” vogone “vogonė, see abrinė,” skučiula “skubiulė, see abrinė.”

Also noteworthy are other nouns that are rarely or no longer used in Standard Lithuanian: žemturei “žemturiai, those who own land,” Žygunai “Žygūnai, those who travel about proclaiming news,” Žygunotai “Žygunotai, see Žygūnai,” Žuivedai “Žuivėdai, žuvėdai, Swedes,” vald onas “ruler, one who governs.”

Among the more vivid verbs or their forms, the following may be recalled: apgargažėjus “apgargažėjus, burned into lumps,” partijį “ravaging.”

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As the statements presented above show, the phonetic, morphological, and lexical features of various subdialects of the Western Aukštaitian Šiauliai dialect are reflected in M. Slančiauskas’s glossary Lietuviški vardai only because the author used phonetic spelling.

CONCLUSIONS

M. Slančiauskas’s manuscript glossary Lietuviški vardai, comprising three parts distinguished by the author: Vardai, Kas=kits, Vardai=and=vadinimai (nušaukimai), is being presented to the Lithuanian studies community and the general public for the first time. The manuscript glossary should primarily be regarded as a monument of language history. In addition, it merits attention for several linguistic reasons: the continued use in language of personal names as a linguistic phenomenon; and the use of morphological, more precisely, derivational formatives more than one hundred and sixty years ago. It is also significant from a psychological perspective, both for M. Slančiauskas’s own axiological attitudes and understanding of the world, and for his ability to generalize the distinctiveness of phenomena in the world.

The first part of the glossary Lietuviški vardai, Vardai, contains 274 personal and place names: 240 surnames from the Joniškis area, 26 from the Pasvalys district and Salociai, and the names of 12 villages from Salociai. Of the surnames recorded by M. Slančiauskas more than one hundred and sixty years ago, as many as 71.1% are still used in Lithuania today, while 28.9% are historically attested.

In the second part, Kas=kits, M. Slančiauskas recorded 57 suffixal derivatives. They are formed with the diminutive suffixes -aitis, -aitė; -elis, -(ia)ela; -ytis, -ytė; -utis, -(i)ute. Words with one diminutive suffix account for 59.6%. The suffixes -aitis, -aitė and -elis, -ela account for 15.8%; the suffixes -utis, -(i)ute – 12.3%, while -ytis, yte account for 10.5% of all derivatives. Two-step diminutives account for 40.4% of the derivatives. Those formed with the suffixes -utelis and -uželis, -užėla account for 10.5%; those with the suffix -elaitis, -elaite for 8.8%; and those with -elytis, -elyte for 3.5% of the derivatives.

In the third part of the manuscript, Vardai=and=(vadinimai (nušaukimai), the ethnonyms (names of peoples or ethnic groups and explanations of them) characterized by M. Slančiauskas, along with the names of social groups, religious designations, other kinds of names, and names used in folklore, are quite inventive and reflect the author’s own view of the object being described. They are evaluated on the basis of the oppositions one’s own | one of one’s own, one’s own | distinctive, highlighting certain aspects of people’s and nations’ behavior, way of life, location, belligerence, and so on.

M. Slančiauskas’s glossary Lietuviški vardai reflects the most important features of the Western Aukštaitian Šiauliai dialect: l hardening before the vowels e, ė and the diphthong ei; lengthening of short vowels; dropping of short vowels in word endings; use of certain morphological forms; and distinctive lexical and syntactic expression. All the dialectal features mentioned are so well reflected only because M. Slančiauskas followed the principles of phonetic spelling.

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LITERATŪRA

Ambrazas Saulius 2000: Daiktavardžių darybos raida II. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas.

DLKG – Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos gramatika, red. Vytautas Ambrazas. Autoriai: V. Ambrazas, K. Garšva, A. Girdenis, E. Jasaitienė, P. Kniūkšta, S. Krinickaitė, V. Labutis, A. Laigonaitė, E. Oginskienė, J. Pikčilingis, A. Ružė, N. Sližienė, K. Alvydas, V. Urbutis, A. Valeckienė, E. Valiulytė. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1994.

Joniškio šnektų pratimai ir tekstai 2001: Ats. red. Janina Švambarytė, sud. Nerija Bartkutė, Rasa Dumčiūtė, Aušra Kaikarytė, Lina Kazlauskaitė. Šiauliai: J. K. Vasiliausko įmonė [arba: Joniškio šnektų pratimai ir tekstai, elektroninis išteklius. Šiauliai: Dipolis, 2005].

Labutis Vitas 1998: Lietuvių kalbos sintaksė. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla.

LKI GVS – Gyvenamųjų vietų sąrašai (Vietovardžių bylos). Mašinraštis. 2 knyga.

LKI VS IAK – Lietuvių kalbos instituto Vardyno skyriaus Istorinių asmenvardžių kartoteka.

LKTCH – Lietuvių kalbos tarmių chrestomatija. Mokslinė redaktorė Laima Grumadienė, sud. Rima Bacevičiūtė, Audra Ivanauskienė, Asta Leskauskaitė, Edmundas Trumpa. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos instituto leidykla, 2004.

LPŽ – Lietuvių pavardžių žodynas 1–2, ats. red. Aleksandras Vanagas. Vilnius: Mokslas, 1985–1989.

LVŽ – Lietuvos vietovardžių žodynas I A–B, red. kolegija: Laimutė Baluodė, Grasil da Blažienė, Vytautas Kardelis, Alma Ragauskaitė, Sergejus Temčinas, Jürgen Udolph; autoriai: Laimutis Bilkis, Marija Razmukaitė, Vitalija Maciejauskienė. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2008.

Maciejauskienė Vitalija 1991: Lietuvių pavardžių susidarymas. Vilnius: Mokslas.

Maciejauskienė Vitalija 1994: Lietuvių pavardės: raida ir kilmė. Habilitacinis darbas. Vilnius: Lietuvos informacijos institutas.

Maciejauskienė Vitalija 2001: Dėl lietuvių pavardžių vertinimo darbų požiūriu. – Acta Linguistica Lithuanica 44, 167–187.

Macienė Jurgita 2005: Deminutyvų stilistika. Šiauliai: VšĮ Šiaulių universiteto leidykla.

Marcinkevičienė Rūta 2001: Tradicinė frazeologija ir kiti stabilūs žodžių junginiai. – Lituanistica 4, 81–98.

Ragauskaitė Alma 2005: XVI–XVIII a. kauniečių asmenvardžiai. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos instituto leidykla.

Švambarytė-Valužienė Janina 2011: Mato Slančiausko rankraštinis žodynėlis Liuberiszka arba senų ubagų kalba (1892). – Baltu filologija 20(2), 53–65.

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Švambarytė-Valužienė Janina 2013: Frazeologijos pateikimo principai Mato Slančiausko žodyne. – Acta Linguistica Lithuanica 69, 81–89.

Vėlius Norbertas 1974: M. Slančiauskas – folkloro rinkėjas. – Šiaurės Lietuvos pasakos. Vilnius: Vaga, 22–30.

VŽ – Vietovardžių žodynas, vyr. red. Aldonas Pupkis, sud. Marytė Razmukaitė, Rita Miliūnaitė. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2002.

Ž I–II – Lietuvos TSR administracinio-teritorinio suskirstymo žinynas 1–2, rengė Zigmundas Noreika, Vincentas Stravinskas. Vilnius: Mintis, 1974–1976.

ЛАФ – Сталтмане Велта Эрнестовна. Латышская антропонимия. Фамилии. Москва: Наука, 1981.

PRIEDAS

1 LENTELĖ. Pavardės, fiksuotos Lietuvių pavardžių žodyne Joniškio krašte

Pavardės Slančiausko žodynėlyje, psl.

Lokalizacija Joniškio krašte

Adeikis 6

Jnš, Žg

Alsys 6

Bačiulis 11

Jnš, Sk

Balakas 5

Jnš, Sk, Žg

Bijėikis 6

Bytautas 4

Jnš

Braziulis 11

Jnš

Budrys 6

Jnš

Bulys 11

Jnš

Butautis 4

Jnš, Sk, Žg

Dapkus 1

Jnš

Dauginis 12

Jnš, Žg

Daukantas 8

Žg

Didžiulis 11

Kri

Gailiunas 10

Jnš

Gatautis 4

Jnš

Gintautas 4

Jnš

Ginkus 1

Jnš

Goštautas 4

Jnš, Sk, Žg

Jarulis 11

Jnš, Žg

Pavardės Slančiausko žodynėlyje, psl.

Lokalizacija Joniškio krašte

Jatulis 11

Jnš, Kri

Jautakis 5

Žg

Juodeikis 6

Žg

Juodis 6

Jnš, Kri, Sk

Kaunas 1

Jnš

Kaziulis 11

Jnš, Žg

Keturakis 5

Jnš, Žg,

Kontautas 4

Žg

Kukulis 11

Žg

Laikunas 1

Žg

Lydeikis 6

Žg

Liulis 11

Žg

Mačiulis 12

Jnš, Žg

Mandeikis 6

Mankus 1

Jnš

Matulis 12

Žg

Mickus 1

Jnš, Žg

Morkunas 1

Jnš, Sk

Norkunas 1

Jnš

Norkus 1

Jnš

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2 LENTELĖ. Pavardės, surašytos Slančiausko žodynėlyje, fiksuotos ir lokalizuotos Lietuvių pavardžių žodyne Šiaulių apylinkėse. Prie pavardės pažymėtas žodynėlio puslapis

Alseikis 6 Akis 5 Akunis 5 Baliulis 11 Baltakis 5 Baltulis 11 Bandžiulis 11 Bartkunas 1 Batulis 11 Beniulis 11 Bičiulis 11

Brazdeikis 6 Budreikis 6 Cirtautas 4 Daumantas 3 Deikis 6 Dirmeikis 6 Eišmantas 3 Gailis 10 Gelgudas 10 Girkantas 9 Gudaitis 10

Gudanis 10 Gudas 10 Jankunas 1 Jeniulis 11 Jomantas 3 Ylakis 5 Kanteikis 6 Kantrimas 8 Kaulakis 5 Keršulis 11 Ketrakis 5

Kiauleikis 6 Kunas 1 Lapeikis 6 Laumakis 5 Lygeikis 6 Lymantas 3 Mačys 1 Mantrimas 8 Mažeikis 6 Mintautas 4 Mišeikis 6

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Mitkus 1

Morkus 1

Noras 6

Noreikis 6

Nutautas 4

Perkūnas 1

Petreikis 6

Pranckunas 1

Putrimas 8

Razulis 12

Rimdeikis 6

Rimas 6, 8

Rimeikis 6, 8

RimVydas 8

Romas 8

Rudakis 5

Rupeikis 6

Rusteikis 6

Saveikis 6

Sereikis 6

Skabeikis 6

Skirmantas 3

Skruolis 12

Smalakis 5

Spirakis 5

Spudulis 12

Sudeikis 7

Sungaila 10

Šaikunas 2

Šakis 5

Šateikis 7

Šileikis 7

Šniuolis 12

Talmantas 3

Taurakis 5

Tvaskunas 2

Vidginis 13

Vidmantas 3

Virginis 13

Viskantas 9

Vismantas 3

Žutautas 4

3 LENTELĖ. Pavardės, nepatekusios į Lietuvių pavardžių žodyną, bet paliudytos LKI VS IAK ar ЛАФ

Pavardė Slančiausko žodynėlyje, psl.

Atitikmenys LKI VS IAK ir ЛАФ

Akas 5

LKI VS IAK Akatis

Aklailaitis 5

LKI VS IAK Akelaycia

Akylius 5

Po šia pavarde įterptos pavardės Aukštakis, Ankštakis.

Bartkus 1

LKI VS IAK Bartkienė

Bertautis 4

Bratkunas 1

LKI VS IAK Bratkus

Butgins 13

Dapkunas 1

LKI VS IAK Dapkunas

Dirbeikis 6

LKI VS IAK Дырба

Gailutis 10

LKI VS IAK Gaylis, Gailus

Gatulis 11

LKI VS IAK Gatulis

Gažtantis 4

LKI VS IAK Gažutis

Ginkunas 1

LKI VS IAK Ginkunas

Jankus 1

LKI VS IAK Jankus

Jauneikis 6

LKI VS IAK Jawniškis

Jaunys 6

LKI VS IAK Jawnis

Kamantas 3

LKI VS IAK Kaman

Kaunys 1

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Pavardė Slančiausko žodynėlyje, psl.

Atitikmenys LKI VS IAK ir ЛАФ

Kušleikis 6

LKI VS IAK Kulis, Kuфlene

Lygudas 10

LKI VS IAK Ligučka

Longins 13

ЛАФ Logins (191), Lontāns (187), Lodēns (189) Sk liausteliuose Slančiauskas prirašė: (lotynu)

Mačekunas 1

Mankunas 1

LKI VS IAK Mankunas

Metgins 13

LKI VS IAK Medginis; ЛАФ Metens (189)

Mickunas 1

LKI VS IAK Mickunas

Mylakis 5

LKI VS IAK Miǰlachicia

Mitkunas 1

LKI VS IAK Mitkunas

Normantis 3

LKI VS IAK

Nortautis 4

LKI VS IAK Nortowt

Ogins 13

ЛАФ Ogrēns (190)

Pašakis 5

Petrikunas 1

LKI VS IAK Petrikucia

Plačakis 5

Plakis 5

LKI VS IAK Plakis

Rimigailis 10

LKI VS IAK Rymgayīa

Romutaitis 8

LKI VS IAK Помутайтис

Stirpeikis 7

LKI VS IAK Stypeyko Jnš yra žinoma pavardė Stripeikis

Striupeikis 7

LKI VS IAK Strypeyko

Sutkunas 1

LKI VS IAK Sutkunas

Tautavilis 4

Taučiunas 4

LKI VS IAK Tautckunas

Tautinis 4

Tautginis 4

LKI VS IAK Tawtgin

Tautgins 13

LKI VS IAK Tawtgin

Tautkunas 2, 4

LKI VS IAK Tawtkus

Viltautis 4

LKI VS IAK Wiłtowt, Wiłtutaitis

Vijuolis 12

LKI VS IAK Wijuckas, Wypuk, Wijunaycie

Višgaila 10

LKI VS IAK Wisginajicia

Vytautas 4

LKI VS IAK Vitautis

Žukantis 9

LKI VS IAK Zukas

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4 LENTELĖ. Saločių (Pasvalio r.) pavardės

Pavardė S lančiausko žodynėlyje, psl.

Atitikmuo LPŽ

Nėra atitikmens LPŽ

Lokalizacija

Aleksandra 14

Nežinoma apie Saločius

Čepuls 14

Žinoma Jnš, Žg

Dulmans 14

Indre 14

Vardas?

Kepuls 14

Kraučiūns 14

Jnš, Žg

Kulbokas 14

Liesvenčiuns 14

Liudvigs 14

Nežinoma apie Saločius

Mašaliuks 14

Mašals 14

Matulionis 14

Meldutis 14

Mičiuks 14

Mikaliuns 14

Nežinoma apie Saločius

Ožela 14

LPŽ Oželas apie Saločius

Putelis 14

Žinoma Saločiuose ir Sk

Rapols 14

Nežinoma apie Saločius

Strielčiuns 14

Nežinoma apie Saločius

Šaučiuns 14

Nežinoma apie Saločius

Švežiks 14

Žinoma Jnš

Tijunas 14

Nežinoma apie Saločius

Tuoms 14

Užkurs 14

Nežinoma apie Saločius

Verkys 14

Nežinoma apie Saločius

Vince 14

LKŽ Vinca, Vincius. Nežinoma apie Saločius

Žiedelis 14

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5 LENTELĖ. Kaimų vardai (Pasvalio r., Saločiai)

Kaimo (sodžiaus) vardas

Atitikmo VŽ

Atitikmuo Ž I, Ž II

Atitikmo LKI GVS

Bajorai

Baltpamušis

Ž II 85

Džietoniai (Džieto-nei?)

Dzeltenpamušis

Gniaužei

LKI

Grybkelei

Gripkeliai Ž I 179

Kemenai

VŽ 170

Ž II 133

Kubiliunai

VŽ 184

Ž I 179, Ž II 143

Sadogala

Saudogala Ž I 179, Ž II 273

Šakarnei

VŽ 360

Ž I 179, Ž II 297

Tervedenai

Žilpamušis

Ž I 180, Ž II 361

6 LENTELĖ. Slandžiausko sugrupuotos vienkamienės pavardės

Priesagos

Pavyzdžiai

-aitis, -elaitis

Akilaitis, Romutaitis, Daugelaitis

-al(a)s

Mašals

-an(a, i)s

Dulmans

-eikis

Adeikis, Alseikis, Vijeikis, Budreikis, Brazdenkis, Dirmeikis, Jauneikis, Juodeikis, Kantrikis, Kiauleikis, Kušleikis, Lapeikis, Lydeikis, Lygeikis, Maldeikis, Mažeikis, Mišeikis, Noreikis, Petreikis, Rimdeikis, Rimeikis, Rupeikis, Rusteikis, Sereikis, Saveikis, Skaben kis, Striupeikis, Sudeikis, Stirpeikis, Šateikis, Šileikis

-ela | -elis, -elaitis

Daugela, Jagela, Mangelis, Ožela, Putelis, Žiedelis

-ik(a)s

Švežiks

-ylius

Akylius

-okas

Kulbokas

-ol(a)s

Rapols

-(i)on(i)s

Matulions

-(i)uk(a)s

Mičiuks, Mašaliuks

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Priesagos

Pavyzdžiai

–(i)ulis

Bandžiulis, Bičiulis, Bačiulis, Baltulis, Baliulis, Batulis, Beniulis, Braziulis, Bulys, Didžiulis, Gatulis, Jarulis, Jatulis, Jeniulis, Kaziulis, Keršulis, Kukulis, Liulis, Mačiulis, Matulis, Pakulis, Pečiulis, Pranciulis, Raziulis, Sabulis, Samulis, Spudulis, Staniulis, Stasiulis, Tamulis, Vaičiulis, Veniulis, Valiulis, Žigulis, Čepuls, Kepuls,

–(i)unas | –(i)unis

Akunis, Mikaliuns, Tijuns, Kriaučiūns, Liesvenčiūns, Šaučiuns, Strielčiūns

–(i)uolis

Skruolis, Šniuolis, Vijuolis

–ur(a, y, i)s

Užkurs

–utis

Meldutis, Romutis, Gailutis

⁷ L E N T E L Ė. Slančiausko sugrupuotos dvikamienės pavardės

Kamienas

Pavyzdžiai

–akas (–akis)

Balakas, Baltakis, Jautakis, Ylakis, Kaulakis, Ketrakis, Keturakis, Laumakis, Mylakis, Pašakis, Plačakis, Rudakis, Smalakis, Spirakis, Taurakis, Udrakis, Žalakis

Gail- | –gaila, –gailius, –gailin(a)s, –gilas

Gailis, Gailutis, Gailiunas, Songaila, Rimgaila, Višgaila, Jagaila, Kaišgaila, Kežgailins, Skirgaila, Songaila, Svidrigaila, Višgailius, Norgilas

–ginis (–gins)

Butgins, Dauginis, Lingins, Mergins, Ogins, Tautgins, Vidginis, Virginis

Gud- | –gudas

Gudas, Gudaitis, Gudanis, Gelgudas, Lygudas

–kantas (–kantis)

Viskantas, Daukantas, Girkantas, Žukantis

–kunas (kūnas)

Bartkunas, Bratkunas, Dapkunas, Ginkunas, Jankunas, Laikunas, Mankunas, Mačekunas, Mickunas, Mitkunas, Morkunas, Norkunas, Prankunas, Petrikunas, Ratkunas, Rimkunas, Stankunas, Sutkunas, Šaikunas, Šimkunas, Tautkunas, Tvaskunas, Vaitkunas, Vaitiekunas, Vitkunas

–mantas (–mantis)

Daumantas, Eišmantas, Jomantas, Kamantas, Lymantas, Normantis, Skirmantas, Talmantas, Vidmantas, Vismantas, Žygmantas

Ram-, Rom-, Rim- | –rimas

Ramonas, Ramačiunas, Romančionis, Rimaitis, Kantrimas, Mantrimas, Putrimas, Rimkus, Rimkūnas, Rimeikis, RimVydas, Rimgaila

Taut- | –tautas (is)

Bertautis, Bytautas, Butautis, Cirtautas, Gatavუტis, Gažtantis, Goštautas, Gintautas, Kontautas, Mintautas, Nortautis, Nutautas, Tautkus, Taučiūnas, Tautginis, Tautkunas, Tautinis, Tautvaišas, Tautavilis, Viltautis, Vytautas, Žutautas

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8 LENTELĖ. Tautų, etninių grupių pavadinimai Słančiausko žodynėlyje

Tautų, etninių grupių pavadinimai, psl.

Aiškinimas

Anglikai (Anglikonai, Ingeliškai) 17

Anglai, žymūs plieno gaminiais

Cigonai 18

Juodi žmonės, vagys, sukčiai, šalbieriai, arklių mainininkai

Čiuknas 18

Prasni žmogeliai, gyvenantys už Rygos

Danai (Dakai) 18

Danija

Džiukai 18

Džūkai, Suvalkų gubernijoje gyvena

Estai 18

Tie patys, kas čiuknos

Finnai 18

Čiuknų veislės, gyvena anapus Peterburgo

Girenai ar Giruzei 18

Lietuvininkai

Herulei 19

Tie patys, kas Girulei

Gotai 18

Vokiški žmonės

Gudai 19

Lietuviai, kas gyvena ant Vilniaus toj pusėj

Graikai – (Grekai – Grekonys) 19

Seniai minavojami žmonės

Holendai – (Olandai) 19

Olandiškos drobės gerosios perkant

Igaunei 19

Latviškai tie patys Čiuknos

Ingelčikai 19

Anglikai, anglikonai

Jatvėžei, Jotvingai, Juodvyžei 19

Lietuvių tautos žmogeliai

Kaklai 19

Maskolių kartos žmonės

Kalmukai (Kalmikai) 19

Totorių kartos žmonės

Prancūzai 20

Visi Žemaičiai žino

Prusai 20

Daug lietuvininkų yra

Rusai (- Ruskei) 20

Maskoliai, Slavonai

Rusynai 20

Po Austrijos valdžia Slavonų tautos žmonės gyvena

Saksai arba Zaksai 20

Vokiečių žmonės

Scitai arba Skitai 20

Lietuvių senovės vardas, kol dar Lietuvoje jie negyveno

Švedai 21

Nuo senovės minavojami ir mūsų visiems žinomi

Trakai 21

Lietuvių giminė

Turkai 21

Girdėti ir daugumai matyti žmonės

Tutorei arba Tatarai 21

Lietuviams pažįstami karuose

Valakai 21

Italais vadinas apie Romą

Vokėčei 22

Kaimynai iš gilios senovės

Vokžydžiai 22

Žydai, vokiškai apsirėdę

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Tautų, etninių grupių pavadinimai, psl.

Aiškinimas

Zaksai arba Saksai 22

Saksonijos vokiečiai

Žemaičei 22

Lietuvninkai, gyvenantys žemesnėje vietoje ant pajūrio

Žuivedai arba Švedai 23

Netoli nuo mūsų, už marių

Žydai 23

Nuo senų laikų mums ir visame pasaulyje pažįstama tauta

9 LENTELĖ. Tautosakiniai, mitologiniai įvardijimai Slančiausko žodynėlyje

Tautosakiniai, mitologiniai pavadinimai, psl.

Aiškinimas

Abrin akiai 17

Vienaa kai, jūrose gyvenantys

Eidukai 18

Žmonės, išpjautais raumenimis kojose, greiti, nešiodavę gromatas

Raganas ir Raganei 20

Burtininkai

Šunburnei 21

Apžėlę žmonės

Vienakei 21

Kas Abrin akiai

Vilktakai 21

Iš žmonių vilkais pavirsdavę

Žinei 22

Senovės Lietuvių kuningai

10 LENTELĖ. Socialinių sluoksnių, žmonių profesinės ir socialinės veiklos įvardijimai Slančiausko žodynėlyje

Socialinių sluoksnių, profesinės ir socialinės veiklos ir kt. pavadinimai, psl.

Aiškinimas

Anarchistai 17

Labai nedori žmonės, naikina karalystes, muša valdinkus ir vyresnybę

Bačkyrai 17

Driūti žmonės, ėdą arklius, šunis, kates

Bajorai 17

Aukštesnioji žmonių karta

Bambizai 17

Kalvinai arba liuterai

Burliokai 17

Raudonais iš kelnių išlindusiais marškiniais žmonės, ateinantys iš maskolijos

Ukininkai 21

Žemturiai

Vingrai 22

Žmonės, kasmet vaikščiojantys su vaistais

Ynamei 22

Grintelniņkai sodiečiai ir prie miestelių pakraščių gyvenantys žmonės

Žygunai (= Žygunotai) 22

Kuningai žygiuotojai, žinių nešiotojai

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11 LENTELĖ. Giminystės terminai (vienos priesagos vediniai, vienpakopiai) Slანčiausko žodynėlio dalyje Kas=Kits

Priesagos ir kamienai | –aitis, –aite | –elis, –ela (–(i)ala) | –ytis, –yte | –utis, –(i)ute | –ina | –uva Tev– | + | + | + | + | | Sun– | + | + | + | + | | Vaik– | + | + | + | + | | Moč– | | | | + | | Mot– | | | | | + | Dukt– | + | + | | | | Dukr– | + | + | | + | | Ses– | + | + | + | + | | + Seser– | + | + | + | | | Iš viso: | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1

12 LENTELĖ. Ponas ir Žmogus vediniai Slანčiausko žodynėlio dalyje Kas=Kits

Priesagos ir kamienai | –aitis | –elis | –ytis | –utis | –elaitis | –elytis | –utelis | –užėlis | Iš viso: Pon– | + | + | | + | + | | + | + | 6 Žmog– | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 8

13 LENTELĖ. Giminystės terminai (dviejų priesagų vediniai, dvipakopiai) Slანčiausko žodynėlio dalyje Kas=Kits

Kamienai ir priesagos | Tev– | Sun– | Vaik– | Moč–, Mot– | Dukt–, Dukr– | Ses– –elaitis, –elaite | + | + | | | | + –elytis | | | + | | | –utelis, –utela | + | + | + | + | | –užėlis, –užėla | + | + | + | | + | –utytis | | + | | | | –inaite | | | | + | | –inela | | | | + | | –inyte | | | | + | | Iš viso | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1

152

Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXX

Mato Slančiausko rankraštinis žodynėlis Lietuviški vardai

Manuscript Dictionary Lithuanian Names by Matas Slančiauskas

S U M M A R Y

The manuscript legacy of Matas Slančiauskas (21^st Feb. 1850–11^th Mar. 1924), dedicated to the matters of language, is not yet known to the academic community and society. This article aims to present the manuscript dictionary Lithuanian Names by Matas Slančiauskas held in the manuscript collection of the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore and marked by two signatures: Lithuanian Scientific Society (Lith. LMD) and Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore (Lith. LLTI) (Full signature: LMD I 1060. 6 sąs. 564).

According to the folklorist Norbertas Vėlius, Slančiauskas compiled the dictionary Lithuanian Names around 1911–1915.

Slančiauskas used to bind books from the sheets of paper of different uses. The book of the dictionary Lithuanian Names is made of 24 pages of columnar paper. Page width – 11.5 cm, height – 17.5 cm. 8 longitudinal columns can well be seen on the paper; they bear the following Russian titles: Мѣсяцъ, Число, № Арт., Паръ (this part is subdivided into smaller parts marked as 1. 2. 3.), Всего паръ., Цѣна, Руб., Коп. Longitudinal columns are drawn crosswise, each with 17 lines. In each page the columns bear the names (Lith. vardai (vardài)), which are numbered and written in winding characters. The numbering of the first part of the dictionary, Names, starts with number 2 and ends with 13. If the names do not fit in a single page and are moved into the next page, this page is left unnumbered.

The second part of the dictionary Kas–Kits is marked by number 14, while the third part, Vardai=ir=vadinimai (nušaukimai) (Names=and=Callings), bears number 15. The following six pages are not numbered.

Įteikta 2013 m. rugpjūčio 30 d.

JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ

Lietuvių kalbos institutas

Petro Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lietuva

[email protected]

Straipsniai / Articles

153

MATO SLANČIAUSKAS’S MANUSCRIPT DICTIONARY

LITHUANIAN NAMES

ABSTRACT

ANNOTATION

INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW OF THE MANUSCRIPT GLOSSARY

LITHUANIAN NAMES: AN OVERVIEW

Names4

Linguistic and statistical overview of the Names section

What= else

Linguistic and statistical

What= else section overview

Names= and =designations (appellations)

SPELLING AND DIALECTAL FEATURES OF THE MANUSCRIPT GLOSSARY LIETUVIŠKI VARDAI

Spelling and dialectal features

CONCLUSIONS

LITERATŪRA

PRIEDAS

Manuscript Dictionary Lithuanian Names by Matas Slančiauskas

S U M M A R Y

Document details

Names⁴