292 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI
bi u ė iŠkai ė
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Resea ch a eas: His o y o he Li huanian Lec iona y o he
Mino , His o y o he Li huanian w i en language.
o yd ichas ViLheLMas
hakas – VadinaMojo
P ahos ank aŠ inio
The au ho o he wo d "P ague"
is F ied ich Wilhelm Haecke.
The a icle analyzes he p oblem o au ho ship o he so-called P ague manusc ip o he ocabula y o
Ge manic languages ( i s hal o he 13 h cen u y), which Ilya Lemechkin ound a ew yea s ago in he
Na ional Lib a y o he Czech Republic (nk Č : XVi. .30). The pu pose o he a icle is o de e mine whe he
he lexicog aphe and p ies o he Mino Li huanian E angelical Lu he an Chu ch, F ied ich Wilhelm Haak
( ied ich Wilhelm haack, 1707-1754) could be he au ho o his dic iona y. 1 a icle p epa ed unde he
p ojec "Examina ion and p epa a ion o he p ess o he manusc ip dic iona y o he Ge man-speaking
languages a ibu ed o F ied ich Wilhelm Haack (XVIII cen u y) (lead by p o . d . g asilda blažienė), included
p ielaidą leidžia ank aščio p adžioje į ašy a p o eniencija, ku ioje eigiama: „auc o hacke“.
in he s anda diza ion, use, educa ion and dissemina ion o he s a e language 2006-2015". The a icle is
w i en unde he amewo k o he p ojec The Resea ch and Edi ing o he Manusc ip
Ge man-Li huanian Dic iona y A ibu ed o F ied ich Wilhelm Haack (Beginning o he 18 h Cen u y)
(supe iso P o . D . G asilda Blažienė) unde he p og am o S anda diza ion, Use, De elopmen and
Dissemina ion o S a e Language in he Pe iod o 2006-2015. The esea ch was sponso ed by he esMiniai
Wo ds: Mažosios Lie u os Leksikog a ija, P ague handw i en dic iona y, yd ichas
s a e commission o he Li huanian Language (con ac no. k-4/2012).
Vilhelmas Hakas, au ho o he book.
Keywo ds: lexicog aphy o Li huania Mino , he P ague manusc ip dic iona y,
ied ich wilhelm haack, au ho ship.
In o de o answe he abo e ques ion, he a icle conside s whe he he […]hacke[…] men ioned in
a yd ichas Vilhelmas hakas –
adinamojo P ahos ank aš inio žodyno au o ius?
he manusc ip dona ion en y can be iden i ied wi h F ied ich Wilhelm Haku, also discusses he
na u e o he dic iona y and b ie ly e iews he ela ionship wi h o he ex s […]XVIII Li huanian
mino i y manusc ip Ge manic languages dic iona ies, based on a chi al indings […]hacke[…] is
compa ed wi h he P ague sc ibe's dic iona y.
anno a ion
The issue o au ho ship o he so-called P ague manusc ip Ge man-Li huanian dic iona y is o
( i s hal o he 18 h cen u y) which was ound by ilya Lemeshkin in he na ional Lib a y o he
czech epublic ew yea s ago (nk Č : XVi. .30) is analysed in he a icle. he aim o he a icle
in es iga e whe he he lexicog aphe and e angelical Lu he an p ies o Li huania Mino F ied ich
Wilhelm Haack (1707-1754) could be he au ho o he dic iona y. Such an assump ion is p econdi ioned
due o he p o enance a he beginning o he manusc ip which s a es ‘auc o dona ion
hacke’. in o de o answe his ques ion he a icle discusses i he ‘hacke’ men ioned in he
insc ip ion could be iden i ied wi h ied ich wilhelm haack; also he cha ac e o dic iona y ex is
examined and he ela ion o o he manusc ip Ge man-Li huanian dic iona ies o Li huania Mino is
b ie ly e iewed; Based on Haeckel's au og aphs ound in Ge man a chi es, his handw i ing is
compa ed o he handw i ing o he ew i e o he P ague dic iona y.
1.In oduc ion o he
In he summe o 2010, D . Ilya Lemeškinas, an associa e p o esso a he Na ional
Lib a y o he Czech Republic, ound a handw i en dic iona y o Czech-speaking
languages (Ná odní kniho na České epubliky [ Č nk XVi. .30; u he […] P)3, which
g ea ly en iches he he i age o he Li le Li huania Handw i ing Dic iona y. This adin
expands he ange o bilingual manusc ip s om he i een h and hi een h
cen u ies ha ha e su i ed o he p esen day.
The P ague dic iona y o Ge manic languages (P2 […]344 ), o which a sho e ymological s udy is added,
mo e p ecisely […] only i s p eposi ions (P345 ), does no ha e a i le page. as he binding o he manusc ip
indica es, i p obably ne e exis ed, and he i s page o he manusc ip […] is he page o he dic iona y
ex . Thus, he e is no au hen ic in o ma ion abou he au ho s (w i e o ansc ibe ) o he ime and
place o hei appea ance, much less he sou ces o he ex . The e o e, his manusc ip , which has
ecen ly come o he a en ion o esea che s, as an anonymous sou ce, p ima ily aises he ques ion o
a ibu ion, au ho ship, da ing, and loca ion. Some o he P a ibu ion ques ions ha e al eady been
pa ially answe ed. Lemeškino's analysis o he papy i o his manusc ip es i ies ha he
Ge man-Li huanian language dic iona y has a mo e de ailed a chaeological desc ip ion o his lexicological
sou ce, he ci cums ances o i s disco e y and he place o i s disco e y in he Li huanian language o he
19 h cen u y. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Linguis ica Li uaniana (LXXI) is a collec ion o papy i da ed be ween 1683 and 1712. Pa
bi u ė iŠkai ė
P o he pape o e ymological s udy, as indica ed by he hi d wa e ma k, began o
be p oduced in 1701 (Lemeškin 2012: 52[…]53). The 17 h cen u y is he ime o he
handw i ing e minus pos quem. I is desi able o belie e ha P may ha e o igina ed
in he 3 d o 4 h decade o he 15 h cen u y (Lemeškin 2012: 31; Lemeškin 2013:
Li huanian manusc ip dic iona y chain, o be de e mined. Howe e , i is likely ha P
was p epa ed no he e, bu in eas e n P ussia. […] Ma is w i en he e p ecisely in
269). Vis dėl o kokia iksli P ie a ch onologinėje išlikusių XViii amžiaus Mažosios
he 15 h and 17 h cen u ies by he ac i i ies o he Finns and he wo ke s o T u na,
pa ikslin i galbū padė ų ke i ojo andenženklio iden i ika imas.
ank aš is, p ieš pa ekdamas į P ahą, o p ieš ai – į Vieną, ku į laiką bu o halė-
in a ee o ewo d, which is he i s p o enance, mo e p ecisely he […] dona ion
eco d (see Fig. 1): auc o hacke. […] Wa P eache in Li huania. I'm going o s udy in
pie iuje (Lemeškin 2012: 52–53; Lemeškin 2013: 278).
s a s an šio žodyno au o ys ės klausimą išei ies aškas u ė ų bū i ank aščio
he hall. "Sine sp ach="leh soll au 4 dem Waisenhause" was p in ed a he ime. Don'
gi e i o me. d.}5 in he kinde ga en. (P1 )
T ansla ed by he au ho hacke. was a p eache in Li huania. He s udied in Halle. his g amma book mus
ha e been published in an o phanage. I 's a gi . d. he kinde ga en o I is mos likely ha he dono o he
manusc ip o he uniden i ied pe son is iden i ied wi h he amous 15 h-cen u y p o esso o heology a
he Uni e si y o Halle, Siegmund Jakob Baumga en (Siegmund Jakob Baumga en, 1706-1757), whose
pe sonal lib a y also con ained Li huanian books (Kaunas, 1996: 188), al hough i is s ill unclea whe he his is
his own handw i en en y (Lemeškin, 2013: 277). In any case, Baumga en mus ha e been one o he i s
owne s o his manusc ip . as can be seen om he dona ion eco d, he pe son named by he au ho is
called […]hacke[…]. This su name is also w i en on he back o he manusc ip : hacke Lexicon Li huani=cum.
The e o e, he ques ion a ises as o wha is he connec ion o his manusc ip wi h F ied ich Wilhelm Haku
( ied ich Wilhelm haack, 1707-1754) known in he his o y o Li huanian lexicog aphy. The wo d "Au " is likely
o be a code wo d. Howe e , he las le e s g aphics do no comple ely ule ou he possibili y ha a
p e ix auß is w i en he e. The 5 h and 6 h lines o he alphabe a e he ones ha a e ha d o ead. In his
case, he e a e wo possible eadings o he le e […] I o D (see Lemeškin 2012: 55; Lemeškin 2013: 277)
6 Fo mo e in o ma ion on him, see he a icle by P o . D . G asildas Blažienė in his olume o Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica.
295 a icles o hacks could be P au ho ? This ques ion has al eady been aised
a yd ichas Vilhelmas hakas –
adinamojo P ahos ank aš inio žodyno au o ius?
(Lemeškin 2012: 55, 57; Lemeškin 2013: 277), bu he subjec has no been analyzed in
mo e de ail, so he e is no con incingly a gued answe ye . The pu pose o his
a icle is o de e mine whe he he au ho ship o he so-called P ussian
Ge man-speaking dic iona y can be a ibu ed o F ede ick William Hake. The e o e,
i is impo an o cla i y whe he he […]hacke[…] men ioned in he dona ion en y is
ac ually iden i ied wi h F ied ich Wilhelm Haku (see page 2); 2) o discuss he analysis
eks o pobūdį (ž . 3.1 sk.) i umpai apž elg i san ykį su ki ais XVii–XViii amžiaus
Mažosios Lie u os ank aš iniais žodynais (ž . 3.2 sk.); 3) a lik i žodyno bei hako
o he handw i ing o he au og aphs o he dic iona y (see sec ion 4).
2. biog aphy o yd icho ilhelmo hako aPŽVaLga yd ichas ilhelmas hakas was bo n on he 8 h day o
Ap il in he yea 1707 in K e ingalė (Klaipėda illage). his a he […] he e angelical Lu he an p ies E dmann
Hakas ([…]1731), one o he examine s o he 1719 ansla ion o Ma in Lu he 's Li le Ca echism (Lyk 145;
7), u he speaking o P's au ho ship in mind will be a ailable only he handw i en dic iona y o Ge manic
languages, i.e. a he end o he handw i ing is no included in he au ho ship s udy. 8 I is usually s a ed
ha Hakka was bo n in 1706, bu documen s a he Uni e si y o Halle in his own hand eco d he exac
da e […] Ap il 8, 1707 (haack [a e 1728-09-02], haack [1730-07-12 o la e ]) […] es i ies ha he was ac ually
bo n yea s la e (see Fig. 5). 1 P. V. P. 1 : a eco d o he dona ion o he manusc ip o he dic iona y;
P aha, he na ional lib a y o he Czech Republic: he mos c ea i e and p oduc i e yea o my li e in he
hall. In conjunc ion wi h he semina y's a endees, he ea ise O dnung des Heyls (A T ea ise on he
Redemp ion o Smoke, Halle, 1729; F ench 1730-11-17: 2 ) was ansla ed and published he e by he amous
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
296 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI b ž ii 67). This is he i s ime in he his o y o he
bi u ė iŠkai ė
Li huanian language ha a Li huanian language has been used. A he age o se en een, on
he 6 h o Sep embe in he yea 1724, Hakas en olled in he Royal Uni e si y ([…]1724 [...] 6
Sep embe Hakas F d . Wilh., Memel. P uss.[…]; e le 1911-1912: 32), whe e he s udied
heology o h ee yea s. He e he p obably dis inguished himsel as an excellen eache
o he Li huanian language […] because he was en us ed wi h eading he quan um o
John Jacob (Johann jacob Quand , 1686-1772), p o esso o heology a he Royal
Uni e si y and inspec o o he Li huanian language semina y, who ook ca e o he
co ec ion o he new es amen issued in 17279. So i seems ha i was no coincidence
ha his edi ion o he New Tes amen became he main sou ce o he la e Hako
dic iona y.
A he end o 1727 he wen o Halle, he cen e o Pie ism ideas. (go hil augus
halės uni e si e e įsiima ikulia o 1727 me ų g uodžio 17 dieną10, lankė en ką
ik įs eig ą Lie u ių kalbos semina ą11, ku iam ado a o go hil as augus as ancke
ancke, 1696-1769), he son o he amous augus he manno ancke. And soon
he Hakka himsel began o each Li huanian along wi h he i s semina y
lec u e Johann Rich e (Johann Rich e , 1705-1754). A e his depa u e back o
eas e n P ussia, Hakas was a semina y lec u e o ou yea s un il Ap il 1732.
Halle Pie is Johann Anas asius F eylinghausen. I is known ha a ha ime he semina y also ansla ed
mo e sou he n wo ks - F eylinghausen's Compendium Theologiae (The Science o Theology o T umpe ),
Augus He mann F ancke's Die Leh e om An ang des Ch is lichen Lebens (The Science o he Beginning o
he Ch is ian Li e), bu he a e o hese ansla ions is s ill unknown (alekna ičienė, schille 2002: 60, 64).
Al hough Hakka is no di ec ly men ioned as he ansla o o hese wo ks, his con ibu ion is undeniable.
Howe e , he mos impo an li e a y legacy o Hako is he Li huanian-Ge manic and Ge manic-Li huanian
dic iona y o he Li huanian-Ge manic and Ge manic-Li huanian languages, which appea ed a he end o
he 1730s. In he his o y o he Li huanian sc ip u es, a nine o'clock in he a e noon o he nin h day o
he nin h mon h o he yea , in he yea 1727, he Li huanian New Tes amen co ec ion was published in
he king's o ice by he chie p ies o he pa ish o Klaipėda, Johann A nold Paulias (1727-09-10) in a le e
o Go hil Augus in F anke om Klaipėda o Halė (Pauli 1727-09-10; see publica ion. The win e o 1954:
200–201).
10 This is e idenced by he hako eco d in he me ic o he Uni e si y o Halle (haack 1727-12-17;
jun ke 1960: 195; see Fig. 4). The Li huanian language semina was held in he 11 h hall om 1727 o 1740
(spech 1935: 36; schille 1994: 195). 12 The p epa a ion o his dic iona y is men ioned by Johann
A nold Pauli on 1728-01-07 in a le e o Go hil Augus F anke om Klaipėda o Halė (Pauli 1728-01-07; see publica ion Win e 1954: 201-20).

297 a icles we e des ined o en e as he i s p in ed pa allel dic iona y
a yd ichas Vilhelmas hakas –
adinamojo P ahos ank aš inio žodyno au o ius?
con aining a Li huanian i le, i.e. he i s ime Li huanian wo ds we e included in he
lemon posi ion13. he much smalle pa o he Ge manic languages, whose
mic os uc u e o language g amma was essen ially based on Daniel Kleino's
elemen a i, eikiau a liko egis o, padedančio pi mojoje dalyje susi as i lie u išką
žodį, unkciją (d o inas 1998: 86). P ie žodyno p idė a umpa okiška lie u ių
G amma ica Li anica (1653) and Compendium Li anico-Ge manicum (1654) (buchienė,
Palionis 1957: 4243; zubai ienė: 12 2012, bu as a lexicog aphe Hakas was o iginal. In
p epa ing his dic iona y, he did no ely on he manusc ip dic iona ies p epa ed in
Li le Li huania as ea ly as he i een h cen u y, which had been ci cula ing o
almos a cen u y and had been seen by him (one o he manusc ip s made by his
colleague Rich e , used o some ime in he semina y as a eaching ool), bu u ned
o some hing else en i ely, composing i using ansla ions o he New Tes amen
(1727) and Psalms (1728) in o Li huanian. Thus, unlike he manusc ip s ha had been
p epa ed un il hen, he lexicon o hese Bible books is essen ially he only one
eco ded in he Hako dic iona y. This selec ion o sou ces was mos likely aimed a
į ad esa ą – eologijos s uden ą i eliginių aš ų e ėją. ki aip a ian , hakas s en-
p epa ing a ocabula y app op ia e o he needs o he ime, sui able bo h o he
eaching and lea ning o he Li huanian language by heological s uden s, and o he
inc easingly in ensi e ansla ion o eligious w i ings in o Li huanian.
In he sp ing o 1732, King F ede ick William I (F ied ich Wilhelm I, 1688-1740) appoin ed he igh o accompany
he eas e n P ussian me cena ies. Acco ding o a chi al sou ces, F ancke was deeply saddened by he loss o
his semina y lec u e and e en asked he king o pe mission o e u n o Haku (F ancke 1732-05-01). 13 I is
possible ha he e used o be a manusc ip dic iona y wi h a Li huanian i le. A he beginning o he
manusc ip he e a e handw i en addi ions (Schille 2009: 126), which could ha e been w i en be ween 1728-68,
14 ai adinamasis ich e io žodynas, ebesaugomas halės ancke’s įs aigų a chy e (a s : j 84; ž . 3.2 sk.).
when he dic iona y was inished ansc ibing, and Ap il 1732, when he Hakka le Halle. 15 hako ocabula y
sou ces […] New Tes amen o 1727 and Psalms o 1728 […] indica e also on his i le page and in he p ologue
w i en in F ench: […]da in alle im […] neuen Tes amen und Psal e […] be indliche W e nach dem
alpha=[…]be h en hal en sind[…] (HŽ 1 ); ein kleines Vocabel used some o he sou ces (see zubai ienė 2012: 3536,
122). A he same ime, eligious w i ings we e ac i ely ansla ed in o Li huanian by wo academic
buch / da in die W e aus ǁ dem neuen eſ amen und Pſal e / ſo ǁ ſie in hnden haben / en -
hal en w en“ ( ancke 1730-11-17: 3 ). naujausi šio žodyno y imai nepa i ina, kad hakas bū ų
ins i u ions: he Royal Uni e si y unde he leade ship o Quan um and he Uni e si y o Halle unde he
leade ship o F anke. Al hough he main pu pose o he Li huanian language semina s es ablished a bo h
uni e si ies was o p epa e u u e E angelical Lu he an p ies s and eache s o wo k in Li huanian eas e n
P ussian pa ishes, hei leade s used he bes Li huanian eligious w i ings in Li huanian.
iškai mokančius semina o lanky ojus, kėlė i daugiau ikslų – eng i mokomąją li e a ū ą i ūks amus
298
bi u ė iŠkai ė
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI
Al hough such au ho isa ion was g an ed17, i was no g an ed18. On he way o his
pa en s' home in Be lin, Hakas was o dained as a p eache o he emig an people o
Salzbu g. He e u ned o Eas P ussia on Feb ua y 7, 1733, on he day o he king's
paski as diakonu į gumbinę. ka u ėjo i kunigo pa eigas naujoje ge iškėnų
esigna ion, a he chu ch o Hakos (Gumbinskaya). Soon, a he end o 1733, p obably
due o disag eemen s wi h he pa ish p ies Ch is oph Geys ad, he was ans e ed
o Pilkalni (Pilkalnio), whe e he se ed as a p ies un il he end o his li e on No embe
19, 1754 (Quand 4 14 , 17 , 85 ; a nold 1777: 111, 129; Moelle 1968: 50, 110). So a b ie
o e iew o Hako's biog aphy lea es no doub ha he is indeed iden i ied wi h he
dona ion en y a he minimum […]hacke[…]. As s a ed he e, he Hakka s udied in Halle,
published a g amma (along wi h a dic iona y) he e, and e u ned o his homeland o
spend he las days o his li e as a p ies in he Li huanian pa ishes o eas e n
P ussia (see Table 1). This is Len e. biog aphies o ied ich wilhelm hako and he en y o p (1 ) dona ion
P dona ion in he
William he Conque o
biog aphy o F ede ick
(1707-08-19) ac s abou he biog aphy o F ede ick William he Conque o (1707-08-19) ac s abou he biog aphy o F ede ick William he Conque o
This is Auc o Hacke. I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is p epa ed o accep he amendmen s abled by he Commi ee on he En i onmen , Public Heal h and Consume P o ec ion.
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop
delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26
o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down
de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. o he o ms o his su name: Haacke, Haak
Wa P eache in
Ge iškėnai (1733) and he deacon o Gumbinė (1733)
Li huania. The p ies o
Bishop o Pilking on (1733-1754)
I'm going o s udy in Halle. The s udy o heology a he Uni e si y o Halle and eaching a he
Li huanian language semina y in Halle (1727-1732) Seine Sp ach=[…]leh e soll au Vocab la i m
Li h anico-Ge manic m, e Ge manicodem Waisenhause […] ged uck Li h anic m [...] Nebs einem
i , was o be published in he e ugee shel e (p onounced Waisenhaus […]seine sp ach=[…]leh e 17),
ſeÿn.
Anhang eine Ku […]ge aß en ne ikslus only spynu, ha he g amma o he hako, ha ing gone wi h
so he le e om Go hil o Augus o Hakke o he F ench king F ied ich I, in which he ga e
Li hauiſchen G amma ic (1730, halė, s ephanus o ban)
pe mission o e u n o Halle (1732-135). 19 This documen is e e ed o in he le e om Go hil
o Augus us F ancke, w i en on 19 May 1732 om S e in o he King o P ussia, F ede ick William I
o P ussia, and om he deacon o Ka aga a, da ed 22 June 1733 (Moelle 1968: 42).
jau da us leidimą sug įž i į halę (haack 1732-05-19; publikaciją ž . d o inas 2001: 179–186).
liaučiaus į be lyną (?) (haack 1733-06-22: 1 ; ž . 7 pa .).
20 ge iškėnuose e angelikų liu e onų bažnyčia pas a y a 1730 me ais. nuo 1733 iki 1746-ųjų čia kuni-
299 a icles should be p in ed on he Waisenhause […] seÿn[…] (P 1 ). Al hough he
a yd ichas Vilhelmas hakas –
adinamojo P ahos ank aš inio žodyno au o ius?
o phanage had a p in ing p ess, he Hako Vocab la i m, as eco ded on he i le page
o his, was published by he S ephan O ban P ess o he Uni e si y o Halle:
[…]haLLe, […] d uck s s ephanus o ban, uni e s. he ollowing pa ag aph is added:
(hŽ1 ) The ollowing able is inse ed: and he di e en spelling o he su name is
explained by he ac ha i s o ms a ied. Al hough Haks himsel , as de e mined
om his su i ing au og aphs (c . 4), w o e his su name Haack (haack 1727-12-17;
haack 1732-05-03; haack 1732-05-19; haack 1733-06-2), his a he Mažajame signed he
ca echism Haak21. This su name was also w i en by Pauli and Quand (Pauli 1727-09-10;
Pauli 1728-01-07; Quand 4 14 , 17 , 85 ). This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. In
a chi al documen s, besides Haack and Haak, ano he o m o he Hako su name […]
Haacke ( ied ich Wilhelm i 1733-10-01a; ied ich Wilhelm i 1733-10-01b) has been no ed. In
gene al, he e ha e been and s ill a e a ious o hog aphic a ian s o his su name.
This is a lis o uni e si ies in he Uni ed Kingdom, so ed by coun y. i is necessa y
o u he cla i y whe he he in o ma ion p o ided in he P dona ion en y is
accu a e ha he hacke is he au ho o his handw i en dic iona y.
When analyzing he au ho ship o any ex , i is impo an o de e mine wha i s
na u e is: an o iginal au hen ic ex , i.e. an au og aph o a manusc ip .
3.1. he cha ac e is ics o he w i ing P ook pa ablepsis o di og aphy22. When eading a
kad P už iksuo as okiečių–lie u ių kalbų žodyno eks as nė a o iginalus, o
nu ašy as iš anks esnio šal inio, liudija iziniai eks o požymiai – aisymai, ku iuos
p o o ype and w i ing i s ex , he copyis 's gaze o ma ching o simila wo ds,
mo phemes, o ph ases can some imes jump o wa d o a u he sec ion o go back o
he ex al eady in place, 21 Plg.: […]e dmann haak P a e in deu sch c o ingen d[en] 18
oc ob[e] 19[…] (Lyk 145 17). 22 on he cha ac e is ics o he ex o he eco ds, see
subačius 2001: 294[…]313.
Linguis ica Li uaniana
bi u ė iŠkai ė
Ac LXXII, which was
ad pe ašomas a ba olesnis, a ba jau nu ašy as agmen as. P pasi aiko abu a e-
adop ed in
The equency o P pa ablepsis, when w i ing a ex , he ansc ibe 's gaze jumped
u he and, due o he coincidence o he beginning o he wo ds, he ew o e he
nex pa ag aph o he dic iona y a icle. no iced i by yping he w ong wo ds o
w i ing he igh ones on hem.
Fo example, because o he beginning o he coinciding lines (known as he
homoea k on), o mo e p ecisely because o he same neighbo ing lemma […] dū inių
[…] he i s line Laß-, he ansc ibe o he wo d ins ead o he eco ded Laßeisen
nu ašė p o og a e in he line below he o me Laßdünckel. Ha ing no iced he
con usion, he emo ed he second du ian sand -dünckel and w o e -eisen ins ead, plg. :
P 156 Laßeisen […]2[…]23 […]← Laßdünckel[…]24 […] Ki s uwas ke eklis This is a lis o he municipali ies o he Czech Republic.
Laßdünckel […]1[…] o he e a he lemos B a p an was o iginally w i en as he B a spieß
coun e pa o he u he lemos Gies[…]mas, bu i was la e d opped and eplaced by
he co ec […]Skau ad[…], plg.: b a spieß […] gies[…]mas
P 44 b a p an – skau ad ‹←gieſmas›
The same hing happened wi h he lemon Chu ü s l: he e i is immedia ely w i en below, in he line below,
he co espondence o he o me lemon Chu ü s in wi h E cikene, bu la e , a e no icing a mis ake,
co ec ed o E cikiskas (-is- w i en on he -line), e.g. 23 Zenklu excluding numbe s, in he dic iona y w i en
abo e he line. They show ha a e co ec ing acco ding o he p o o ype, he ansc ibe no iced ha
he alphabe ical o de o he wo ds was s ill being co ec ed, so he lemma was numbe ed, indica ing which
a icle o he dic iona y should ollow which. 24 He e and in he ollowing co ne b acke s […] […] ex
commen s a e p o ided; The do ed line is wha i 's made o .
307 a icles 2 P a V. P 19 : a agmen o he dic iona y; P aha, Na ional Lib a y o he Czech
a yd ichas Vilhelmas hakas –
adinamojo P ahos ank aš inio žodyno au o ius?
Republic: XVi. .30 in ca ying ou he analysis o he handw i ing o he ansc ibe and he
handw i ing o he au ho , based on he me hodology o he w i ing expe s (Michel 1982;
Ku apka, Male ski, Palskys, Kuklianskis 1998). In compa ing he wo sc ip s and looking o
simila i ies o di e ences, a en ion is ocused on he gene al and special ea u es o he
sc ip s, o which he la e a e he mos s able and he e o e ha e he g ea es
e iden ia y alue (Ku apka, Male sky, Palsky, Kuklansky, 1998: 205).
.

308 o he
bi u ė iŠkai ė
Li huanian Language Ac LXXI
3 P a V. P 109 : žodyno agmen as; P aha, ná odní kniho na České epubliky: XVi. .30
4 P a V. F ied ich Wilhelm's eco d o he igh o he me ic o he Uni e si y
o Halle, 1727-12-17; hall, a chi e o he Ma in-Lu he -uni e si ä : 46, ep no. 3 (Ma ikel 1724 […] 1741)
309 a icles 6 P a V. le e om F ede ick William o Go hil Augus
a yd ichas Vilhelmas hakas –
adinamojo P ahos ank aš inio žodyno au o ius?
F ancke[…]ei agmen , 1732-05-03; hall, a chi e o he F ench
ounda ions: h c 424:1
7 P a V. F ede ick William's le e o King F ede ick William o P ussia and a agmen o
i , 1733-06-22; Be lin, sec e s a e a chi es o he P ussian cul u al he i age: XX. This is
a eco ding o he Album Alumno um, a e 1728-09-02; halle, a chi de anckeschen
s i ungen:
W o XXiii/5
310 o he
bi u ė iŠkai ė
Li huanian Language Ac LXXI
A compa ison o he o e all pa e ns o he P-shaped sc ibe and he P-shaped
handw i ing o he Go hic and Humanis w i ings wi h he co esponding
handw i ing o he Hakka w i e s sugges s ha hese a e he handw i ings o
di e en people (see Figu es 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). The imp ession does no change when
ocusing on he indi idual le e s o he co esponding sc ip and he g aphics o
combina ions o hei indi idual elemen s. Fo example, a compa ison o examples o
Go hic i alics om he P ague Dic iona y and he Hako au og aphs shows ha he
le e s D, E, G, K, T, V, a, e, g, h, k, , and o he o ms o conjunc ion a e pa icula ly
P pe ašy ojo eks as hako au og a ai
di e en (see able 436). 4 The Len e. In he au og aphs o P and hako h ough
e e ni y gnade he
könig,
könige
O he , o
a
hickness o
Wa e ,
Wa e s o
36 Len elėje agmen ai iš P i hako au og a ų pa eik i au en iško dydžio.
In he analysis o examples o humanis ic handw i ing, he di e ences
a yd ichas Vilhelmas hakas –
adinamojo P ahos ank aš inio žodyno au o ius?
be ween he le e s A, D, I, P, , l, s and o he o ms and ways o combining
a e e iden (see able 537). The 5 h Len e. The humanis le e P and hako
au og aphed in Ap il, Ap il, Decembe , Decembe .
P pe ašy ojo eks as hako au og a ai
Janua y,
Janua y
P o esso , P o esso , so om he compa ison o handw i ing i can be seen ha
he handw i ing cha ac e is ics o he P ansc ibe a e no e lec ed in he
hako au og aphs and ice e sa. The e o e, P canno be conside ed a ansc ibe .
This conclusion is suppo ed by ano he a gumen ha p e en s he iden i ica ion o
he hako wi h he ansc ibe P. As al eady men ioned, P is inco ec ly de i ed om
he Li huanian co espondences ansc ibed by he p o o ype (necessa ily
ansc ibing he spelling o limi ing he numbe o wo ds, see sec ion 3.1), which p o es
ha P's compe ence in he Li huanian language is no e y high. I seems unlikely ha
he p oo eade o he New Tes amen , he au ho o he Li huanian ocabula y and
g amma , Hakas, could ha e go en away wi h ew i ing Li huanian wo ds, especially
hose ha make up he lexicon o he language, such as b anduolys. P olysis is co ec .
B o he P 81 , Awaikei is co ec . Pawaikei P 256 and he like. On he con a y, i is e en
assumed ha he hacks o pas e o s in he p o o ype would no ha e been
ans e ed o he manusc ip , bu co ec ed. Re u ning o he manusc ip o he
dona ion eco d a i ming he au ho ship o he hack, i should be no ed ha i is no
meškino (Lemeškin 2013: 277), jau po hako mi ies, . y. po 1754-ųjų lapk ičio
accu a e […] he hack is nei he he au ho o he dic iona y no i s ansc ibe . The
eason o he con usion is p obably ha he eco ding was made, as men ioned on he
19 h o he day […] his indica es he use o he ime o he u u e ca d: […]auc o hacke. […] Wa P edige in Li hauen. […]38 ([…]au ho hacke. He was a p eache in Li huania.[…]). In ac , 37 o he Len el agmen s om he P and H au og aphs a e au hen ic in size.
38 quo ed by Pa iskin.
312 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI acco ding o which he au ho ship o he hako was
bi u ė iŠkai ė
con i med by p o enance in he manusc ip appea ed a e mo e no ed siegmund jacob
baumga ens li ed he yea o he pus e (died 4 july 1757). whe he he p o enance was
nei d idešimčiai me ų po o, kai 1732-ųjų pa asa į hakas iš yko iš halės. oks šios
p o eniencijos da a imas isai įmanomas, nes labiausiai ikė inas ank aščio do a-
w i en by Baumga en's hand o whe he i came om he pe sonal lib a y o
P o esso Jose Zlobicki o he Uni e si y o Vienna. In any case, his eco d o he
dik uojan , ji da uo ina a p 1754-ųjų lapk ičio pabaigos i 1757-ųjų liepos p adžios,
o jei į ašas ki o asmens, ai gali bū i da ėly esnis – iki 1777-ųjų, kai ank aš is
dona ion es i ies ha e en a e a qua e o a cen u y o mo e, he name o he hako
was s ill ali e in he memo y o he people o Halle. When conside ing why i is p ecisely
Hakas who is eco ded as he au ho o he P manusc ip , he e is no doub ha his is
ela ed o his ac i e ac i i ies in he Li huanian language semina . I has al eady been
men ioned (see page 2) ha Hakas was he second lec u e o his semina y, eaching
Li huanian o s uden s o heology o ou yea s (1728-1732-04). I was a his ime ha
he semina was he mos in ensi e in e ms o c ea i e wo k. no only he hakas
himsel wo ked on he Li huanian sc ip , bu also he semina a endees we e in ol ed in
hei p epa a ion unde his supe ision. he pe sis en wo k ga e ui s […] as
men ioned, a collec i e ansla ion o F eylinghausen's ea ise was published (1729), a
wo-pa dic iona y o he hako and a g amma o he Li huanian language (1730), as well
as mo e eligious wo ks (see page 2). The decisi e ole in his wo k, o cou se, was played
by he igh -wing Li huanian-bo n and luen in he Li huanian language […] his
con ibu ion was he g ea es . In he sp ing o 1732 he e u ned o his na i e coun y o
pu sue his c ea i e ac i i ies in semina y. The e o e, Hakas […] le he deepes ace in
he his o y o he Li huanian language semina by i s lec u e . I is mos likely ha P.
Baumga en, he dono , linked his manusc ip book, p obably b ough o he hall by a
semina pa icipan , wi h a Vocab lia i m p epa ed by Hako and suppo ed by his
manusc ip . The g amma men ioned in he dona ion en y, which appea ed oge he
wi h he hako dic iona y, was p obably no a coincidence.
So he ques ion o au ho ship - who w o e he dic iona y and who la e ew o e i - emains open. The only
way o answe hese ques ions, which a e impo an o he his o y o he ex and he manusc ip , is o
sea ch o he documen a y ma e ial and analyze he handw i ing. and documen s es i ying o hei
a chy uose ieško ina XVii–XViii amžiaus ka aliaučiaus i halės uni e si e o s u-
den ų i y ų P ūsijos lie u iškose pa apijose di busių kunigų a p ecen o ių au-
Li huanian ac i i ies, which may help o ecall he au ho ship o his manusc ip and he ex eco ded in
i . 39 See second p o enance in he ee p e ace: […]ex Lib is iosephi […]lobický […] P o esso o li e a u e
a he Vienna Uni e si y o Economics in 1777.[…] (P1 )

313 a icles by a icles
a yd ichas Vilhelmas hakas –
adinamojo P ahos ank aš inio žodyno au o ius?
5. The ollowing able is inse ed:
A ex ual analysis o he P ague manusc ip dic iona y o Ge manic languages
( i s hal o he 17 h cen u y) indica es ha P is an ea ly Manusc ip o Li huania Mino .
aš inio žodyno nuo ašas. P a sispindi XVii amžiuje pa eng ų anoniminių žodynų
*Lex i *Q eks ai.
5.2. P, as in he so-called dic iona ies o Rich e (1728) and K auzes ( hi d and ou h
decades o he hi een h cen u y), he p epa e s o he dic iona y ex o he
Ge man-speaking dialec s o he six een h cen u y sough o eco d he genesis om
he poin o iew o he hi een h cen u y. In he i s hal o he hi een h
cen u y, F ied ich Wilhelm Haecke (1707-1754) who is c edi ed wi h he au ho ship o one
o he manusc ip s could no be conside ed he au ho o his ex . 5.3. he hacke
canno be iden i ied wi h he pe son who w o e he wo d. This was es ablished by
compa ing he w i ings o P. he ansc ibe and Hako on he basis o his au og aphs
ound in Ge man a chi es.
Un il he ansc ibe o his manusc ip is iden i ied, he a ge manusc ip
į oliau adin i ne hako, be mies o, ku iame jis daba saugomas, a du – . y.
In he P ague dic iona y.
ŠaL iniai and Li e a Ū a ale kna ičienė ona, schille ch is i ane 2002: johannas
beh end as […] Dawádno Mókslo abou Dußiôs Ißgánim[…] (1729) is an edi o , e iewe and
ansla o o p aye s. He is also he au ho o a numbe o books. This Regula ion shall
en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
daniel hein ich a nold s, k[…]niglichen p eußischen obe ho p edige s und consis o ial a hs,
whe e he ga e he news o he e o ma ion o he Lu he an chu ch in he Os p eußen
ges andenen P edige n. I'd like o hank you o you kind wo ds.
he ausgegeben on ied ich Wilhelm bene eld , P a e in a nau, knigsbe g, bey go -
I 's called he Václa Bi žiška, Alexand in. Biog aphies, bibliog aphies and
biobibliog aphies o old Li huanian w i e s w i en be o e 1865 2. The 18 h and 19 h
cen u ies. Chicago: The LB Cul u al Fund, 1963. This is he i s ime ha he LB Cul u al Fund has been awa ded a p ize.
hien bucė ama a, Pa lionis jo nas 1957: The i s p in ing o Li huanian language c […]
g ama ikos. – Pi moji lie u ių kalbos g ama ika. 1653 me ai. Vilnius: Vals ybinė poli inės i
mokslinės li e a ū os leidykla, 9–63.
cLaVis ge Manico-Li hVana [a e 1680] LMaVb s: . 137 1314; acsimile elease by Cla is
Ge manico-Li h ana. A handw i en dic iona y o 17 h-cen u y Ge man-speaking
languages 12, p epa ed by Vincen D o in. Vilnius: Publishing house o science and
encyclopedias, 1995 […] 1997; 3[…] 4, Vilnius: Ins i u e o science and encyclopedic publishing, 1997.
314 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI d o inas Vincen as 1998: . W. haacko […]Vocabula y o
bi u ė iŠkai ė
Li huanian-Ge manic, F ench. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 45, 179[…]186. This is he i s
ime ha he Ac has been amended. E le geo g 1911-1912: Die Ma ikel und die
e ge manico-Li h anic m“ (halle, 1730). – Lie u ių kalbo y os klausimai 39, 82–99.
d o i n as Vincen a s 2001: ied icho Wilhelmo haacko laiškas go hil ui augus ui
P omo ions e zeichnisse de Albe usUni e si ä zu Königsbe g (The ma icula ion and
p omo ion eco ds o he Albe us Uni e si y o Königsbe g) was published by he Ge man
publishing house E le Geo g in 1912. The Imma icula ion o 1657-1829 Leipzig: Ve lag on
duncke & humblo .
e le geo g 1917: Die Ma ikel de Albe us-Uni e si ä zu Königsbe g i. This is he i s
ime ha he Uni e si y o Königsbe g has been awa ded he i le o "Uni e si y o
Königsbe g". Regis e o pe sons and egis e o households. Leipzig: Published by Duncke
& Humblo . Falkenhahn Vik o 1964: o he p isone o he Bal ic. […] A con ibu ion o he
his o y o Sla ic s udies. he ollowing able is inse ed: I go i on Augus 11 h, 1730:
Vo be ich . […] HŽ, 2 […]3 . […] HŽ, 2 […]3 . […] HŽ, 2 […]3 . […] HŽ, 2 […]3 . […] HŽ, 2 […]3 . […] HŽ,
2 […]3 . […] HŽ, 2 […]3 . […] Wha is he meaning o his? The le e was da ed 1732-05-01 and
was add essed o King F ede ick William I o P ussia om Halle o Be lin. A le e o he
King o P ussia, F ede ick William I, om Halle o Be lin; a s : M 5 c 5:28. ied ich Wilhel m i
1733-10-01a: King F ede ick William o P ussia and he chie p ies o he ecclesias ical
dis ic o Ragna because o he in oduc ion o F ede ick William's igh o he pa ish o
Pilkalnio; Gs a Pk: XX. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . This is he case in Königsbe g, eM 118
e 3, no 72. Id i W ilhelm i 1733-10-01b: King o P ussia F ede ick William and he po a kis o
he senio o he ho n due o he in oduc ion o F ede ick William's igh o he pa ish o
Pilkalnio; Gs a Pk: XX. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . This is he case in Königsbe g, eM 118
e 3, no 72.
H.E.R.E.C.E.R.H.E.R.H.E.R.H.E.R.H.E.R.H.E.R.H.E.R.H.E.R.H.E.R.H.E.R.H.E.R.H.E.R.H.H.H.E.R.H.H.E.R.H.-
H.H.E.R.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.-
H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.-
H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H.H. Hall 46, ep ua no. 3 (Ma ikel 1724[…]1741), which is loca ed in he hea o he ci y. haack ied ich wilhelm [a e 1728-09-02]: insc ip ion on he album alumno um Mensae egiae bo ussicae p o incialis ex egia libe ali a e adpa a ae inde a cal. and ian. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. […] O de and Album o he King o he P ussian P o incial F eedmen; o which: W XX/iii/5.
haack ied ich wilhelm [1730-07-12 o la e ]: insc ip ion on he album alumno um Mensae
egiae bo ussicae p o incialis ex egia libe ali a e adpa a ae inde a cal. and ian. This
Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
haa ck ie d i c h Wilhelm 1732-05-03: Laiškas go hil ui augus ui ancke’ei iš
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. […] O de and Album o he King o he P ussian P o incial F eedmen; o which: W XX/iii/5. om Be lin o Halle; o which: h c 424:1.
ck ie d i c h Wilhelm 1732-05-19: Le e o Go hil Augus om S e in o
Halle; How can we be su e ha Jeho ah will no abandon us?
The le e was add essed o he King o P ussia, F ede ick William I, om his palace
in Be lin. Gs a Pk: XX. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . Wha 's he ma e ? This is he
n . 22, 1 –2 .
In i , all he new es amen and Psal e 315 a e ound in W e nach dem docen e im
a yd ichas Vilhelmas hakas –
adinamojo P ahos ank aš inio žodyno au o ius?
Li hauischen Semina in he hall. Hey, you guys a e s ephanus o ban, uni e se.
alphabe h en hal en ſind; nebſ einem anhang eine ku ʒge aß en Li hauiſchen g aM-
Ma ic. ausge e ige on iede ich Wilhelm haack / s.s. heol. cul o e, ʒu Ʒei
he buckwhea .
case o he Ma ikel de Ma in-Lu he -Uni e si ä Halle-Wi enbe g 1, which was
opened in 1960. 1690 […] 1730. Hall o he uni e si y and he Landesbiblio hek o
Saxony-Anhal . k […] manusc ip dic iona y o he languages o he
K auzes-Ge man-Li huanian Commonweal h [XVIII c. 3[…]4 deš.]; The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
The House o Kaunas (1996): The Li le Book o Li huania. The Li huanian book was published be ween 1547 and 1940.
Vilnius: whi e bows.
Kohlheim osa, kohlheim Volke 2005: Duden Familiennamen. This is he i s ime I' e
seen his mo ie. O igin and meaning. Mannheim, Leipzig, Vienna, Zu ich: duden e lag.
Wha is he name o he ci y? The basis o he echnique o o ensic science. Vilnius:
he eug imas. Lemškin il j a 2012: he P ague manusc ip dic iona y o he
Ge man-speaking languages is a ibu ed o F ied ich Wilhelm Haack. […] Li le
Li huania: cul u al s udies in he pas . A chi es o languages and c oss-cul u als 3.
Vilnius: Associa ion o Resea che s o he Dialogue o Eu opean Languages and
31–58.
Cul u es, Lem eškin ilja 2013: The ques ion o he au ho ship o he handw i en
dic iona y o he P aho Vocabula y. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 69, 269 […] 279 […] This Decision is add essed o he Membe S a es.
Lex […] LeXicon Li huanicuM [XVII cen u y in he middle]; LMaVb s: . 137 […] 10; documen a y
edi ion by Lexicon Li huanicum. A 17 h-cen u y dic iona y o Ge manic-speaking languages,
p epa ed by Vincen D o in. Vilnius: Science, 1987. This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean
Pa liamen has been consul ed on his ma e . Lyk […] [hein ich johann lysius] 1993: The small
ca echism, acco ding o he Be lin manusc ip p epa ed by Pie o umbe o dini. Vilnius: Science
and encyclopedia publishing house. Michel Lo ha 1982: Judgmen o he Cou o Fi s Ins ance.
Me hoden und P axis. be lin, new yo k: Wal e de g uy e .
Moelle iedwald 1968: Al p eußisches e angelisches P a e buch on de Re o ma-
An in oduc ion o he Basic Law, on ansla ion in he yea s 1945 1. The chu ch plays and hei
se ings. Hambu g: sel -go e ning o he Associa ions o Family Resea ch in Eas and Wes
P ussia e. V. P. […] manusc ip head. P ague dic iona y o Ge manic languages [ i s hal o he
13 h cen u y] This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Paul Joha nn a n old 1727-09-10: Le e o he Augus F enchman om Klaipėda
o Halė; This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
316
bi u ė iŠkai ė
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI
Pauli joha nn a n old 1728-01-07: Le e o he augus go hil om Klaipėda o
Halė; o which: h c 467:1.
Q1 […] Manusc ip dic iona y o he Ge manic languages […] disappea ed; signed by
he o me king o he P ussian s a e a chi es: Msc. 84 4o. Quand 4 […] [Johann
Jacob Quand , be o e 1772] P euss. He was bo n in P ussia. P esby e ologie 4; gs a Pk: This is a lis o he Membe S a es by which he Eu opean Union is bound.
The XX. Wha 's he ma e ? This is Königsbe g, hs. 2.
[…] manusc ip head. Rich e 's dic iona y o Ge manic languages, 1728; a s : j 84. sch ille
ch is iane 1994: he Li huanian semina in he hall (1727-1740) and i s membe s. on he spu .
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Schille ch is iane 2002: Cla is Ge manico-Li hwana
[…] ein We k on ied ich P ä o ius d.Ä.? This is he i s ime ha he wo k has been
published in Li huanian. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o
i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Schle ch is iane 2005: How
old is a Wö e buch? O e iews o he ela i e ch onology o he Wö e büche n. […]
schille ch is iane 2009: Zu Geschich e de p eußisch-li auischen Lexikog aphie. Die
P oblems o language his o y and dialec ology 1. Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e
publishing house, 153159. The Handsch i liche Lexikog aphie bis 1744 (Habili a ionssch i ) was published in Be lin in 1744. c h spe anz 1935: he Li huanian semina a he uni e si y hall. […] The a chi e
Philologicum 5, 36 and 53.
Paul's wo k was published in 2001 unde he i le Tex iles. Theo e ical and p ac ical
guidelines. Vilnius, please. In 2008, he was awa ded he i le o Ge man-Li huanian
disse a ion by he Li huanian Academy o Sciences (Li huanian Academy o Sciences).
Kaunas: The publishing house o Vy au as he G ea Uni e si y. In he la e 17 h
cen u y, he e m "Vincennes" was used o e e o he linguis ic sou ces o he Klaipėda dialec . This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
U.S.A. 2008: The his o y o he U.S.A. […] Encyclopedia o he Li huanian language. Vilnius: Ins i u e
o Science and Encyclopedia Publishing, 622[…]628, also known as he Vilnius Ins i u e o Science
Win e edua d 1954: Die P lege de Wes - und Südsla ischen Sp achen in Halle im 18.
Jah hunde . Bei äge zu Geschich e des bü ge lichen Na ionwe dens de wes - und südsla i-
and Encyclopedia Publishing he peoples o he wo ld. This is he Akademie-Ve lag in Be lin.
Zabai ienė Vilma 2009: F agmen s o Li huanian manusc ip dic iona ies o he 18 h cen u y. The
Lib a y o he Li huanian A chi es 8. Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e. I would like o ask you,
M P esiden , whe he you a e awa e o he ac ha he Eu opean Pa liamen , he Council and
he Commission ha e adop ed a numbe o esolu ions on he si ua ion in he o me Yugosla ia.
The s udy, he index, he index. Vilnius: Vilnius Uni e si y publishing house.