S aipsniai / A icles 121
LAURA GERŽOTAITĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, Vilniaus uni e si e as
Mokslinių y imų k yp ys: a ealiniai bal ų kalbų y imai,
geoling is ika, dialek ologija.
The younges o he six.
I anian
The e m 'Sa imon' means:
RIBOS Men ali y o
he Land
Dialec al Sel -awa eness o he Young
Inhabi an s o Šiauliai and Pane ėžys:
Bo de s in Men al Maps
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle discusses he s udy o he sel -image o he young s awbe ies and he panela
s awbe ies. The esea ch ma e ial consis s o he da a o one o he mos impo an
asks o pe cep ual dialec ology - he "men al map o bo de s". Analysis o ma e ials
collec ed in he icini y o he dialec s o nea by owns showed ha he classi ica ion o
Li huanian dialec s in he common language use 's sel -image di e s om ha gi en by
dialec ologis s. Young esponden s end o a ibu e only a small pa o he a ea o his
e i o y o he highland dialec , as indica ed in he wo ks o he dialec schola s. The
e i o y o he emaining high-al i ude e minals o he Nemaza belongs o he dzūk and he
su alkiečiai, which a e conside ed sepa a e e minals.
The ollowing de ini ions apply: Pe cep ual dialec ology, men al mapping,
classi ica ion o e ms, e hnog aphic egion
1 I would like o exp ess my since e hanks o P o . D . Danguolei Mikulėnienei and he doc. I 's
called Dai ai Aliukai e.
LAURA GERŽOTAITĖ
122 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle in oduces he esea ch in o he dialec al sel -awa eness o he young inhabi an s
o he ci ies o Šiauliai and Pane ėžys. The analysis o he ma e ial collec ed a he bo de o
is one o he mos impo an asks in pe cep i e dialec ology, se e as esea ch ma e ial.
he dialec s o in he nea by owns indica ed ha he bina y classi ica ion o he Li huanian
dialec s gi en by dialec ologis s and he one exis ing in he sel -awa eness o he o dina y
language use s is di e en . The young esponden s end o a ibu e he Aukshai ian dialec
o a small a ea o he dialec which is speci ied in he wo ks o dialec ologis s. Much o he
emaining e i o y o he Os ogo hic dialec goes o he people o Dzūkija and Su alkija,
who a e conside ed sepa a e dialec al uni s.
KEYWORDS: pe cep ual dialec ology, men al map, classi ica ion o dialec s,
e hnog aphic egion. This is he i s ime ha he e m has been used in his way.
XXI a. p adžioje ne ik lie u ių a mė y oje, be i e nologijoje padaugėjo
y imų, apibend inančių ne ik objek y ųjį (moksliškai pag įs ą), be i subjek-
he image o he e i o y o egion in ques ion. O he dialec s men ioned as
he mos abundan and comp ehensi e, he Dai os Aliūkai ė's hy yoobjec i e
mai (Aliūkai ė 2007: 211–223; 2008; 2009: 164–179; 2011: 209–220). Juose, e-
mian is pe cep y iosios dialek ologijos eo inėmis nuos a omis, a skleis i ne ik
(desc ip i e o schola s), bu also he subjec i e (unde s ood by he consume s
o o dina y language) signs o he eas e n high-le el dialec o he Anykš ėnai,
he e a e also men ioned he subjec i e, exis ing dialec s in he consciousness
o he o dina y consume .
Such hin s a e also p esen in e hnological s udies on sel -consciousness
ques ions. Almos a decade ago, a s udy by Pe o Kalnius on he dialec ologis s'
compa ison o lowland and highland languages showed ha " he mos impo an
indica o o he p esen -day lowlande s in iden i ying and dis inguishing
hemsel es om non-landlo ds is no he inhabi ed e i o y, bu he o he
language" (Kalnius 2006: 116). I was ound ha he absolu e majo i y o he
esponden s do no know ... he bounda ies o he linguis ically ecognised
lowe -le el dialec s ... Žemai ija, hey hink, ends whe e i begins, unlike us
speaking inhabi an s, whose language, hey hink, is somewha de ian om he
no m" (Kalnius 2006: 116). I leads o he conclusion ha he o ien a ion line,
conside ing he bounda y o he dialec s o he speake s, he isophony o he
sel -consciousness swings om i o bo h sides in a common s e ch o almos 40
km wide (Kalnius 2006: 116). The a ea o he e hnic sel -de e mina ion o Žemai ija,
A icles and a icles 123
Jaunųjų šiauliškių i pane ėžiškių a minė sa imonė:
ibos men aliniuose žemėlapiuose
which has sh unk conside ably, joins i s pe iphe y, which includes a la ge a ea o
he no he n and sou he n lowland coun ies wi h he dis ic s o Rie ã o,
Palangõs, K e ingõs, Mažekių, Akmẽnė, Raséinių, Tau ags (Pe ulis 2005: 167 […] 168;
Kalnius 2006a: 78 […] 80). S udies ha e shown ha he language also de ines i s
egional cul u al iden i y in he uppe classes (Sa oniakai ė 2003: 121126; 2007: 180). I
should be no ed ha i is no easy o loca e he a ea o he high-al i ude dialec
(no he egional dialec ), because he names o he dialec s used in e e yday
speech only pa ially coincide wi h hose p o ided by dialec ologis s: in bo h cases,
a g oup o people li ing in he same o almos he same e i o y is called
low-al i ude. High- ise buildings a e usually de ined only by he majo i y o he
Li huanian dis ic classi ica ion o wes e n high- ise buildings and eas e n
186–187).
high- ise buildings. The people o he a ea o he Lyceum Highlands a e usually called dzūkai and su alkiečiai (o su alkiečiai) (Papau ėly ė, Župe ka 2010: The subjec o his a icle is he science o Šiauli and Pãne ėžio high schools (9-12).
lei ių men aliniai a mių žemėlapiai2.
The aim is o analyze he g amma sel -con idence o pupils om di e en me opoli an a eas.
skleidžiančius a mių aizdinius.
The esea ch ma e ial […] acco ding o he p ojec The place o he common
language in he men al map o he Li huanian language3 collec ed da a om 2844
ques ionnai es o s uden s o Šiauliai and Pãne ėžio gymnasiums wi h he map.
The a icle is based on he su ey ma e ial p epa ed du ing he s udy, he
e alua ion o e minal speech and gene al language (see Figu e 1).
On he map, which ma ked he bounda ies o he municipali ies and mos o hei
cen e s, he s uden s had o no only ma k whe e he language was spoken, bu
also w i e down wha language i was, o e alua e he language.
In addi ion o he p ojec in Šiauliai and Pane ėžys, bu also in o he Li huanian ci ies (K e ingė,
Březina, Kupišiai, Me kinė), he su ey o he ques ionnai es o young esponden s shows ha
he landscape ask pe o med by all s uden s 2 The concep o a men al map (Men al Map) o
pe cep ual dialec ology indica es which o he g oups o places will be in he consciousness o
he use s. In his way, he linguis ic-language nuances o he membe s o he common language
communi y a e e ealed (Die cks 2002: 52; Aliūkai ė 2009: 166). The Men al Map o Dialec s can be
desc ibed as a subjec i e di ision o dialec s (Inoue 1999: 161). 3 The p ojec is implemen ed a he
expense o he S a e Li huanian Language Commission. Head o he p ojec doc. d .
I 's called Dai a Aliukai e.
The map is no he same as he p e ious one, bu he map is no he same as he p e ious
one, so he map is no he same as he p e ious one, so he map is no he same as he p e ious one. And 2 pe cen o he sheep. The gymnas s o he ci y o Pãne ėžys.
5
In pe cep ual dialec ology, mapping echniques a e used (see P es on 1989; 1999; 178), wi h
xxiii–xl; 1999a: 359–373) i iamiesiems pa eikiami uš i (ž . E ans 2002: 76–83) a ba, kad bū ų
leng iau o ien uo is, su didžiausių adminis acinių e i o inių iene ų ibomis (ž . Long 1999:
maps indica ed in bold (see Dailey-O[…]Cain 1999: 228).
LAURA GERŽOTAITĖ
124 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXIV
1 PAV. O he The i s ques ion o he ques ionnai e is map ask 2. The example o
he ansla ion a eas be ween he Pãne ėžio s uden s (Pn_1_V10)8 is e y simila .
A icles o he 125 h
Jaunųjų šiauliškių i pane ėžiškių a minė sa imonė:
ibos men aliniuose žemėlapiuose
All he maps o he young esponden s a e ma ked in iangles. In he i s yea s,
g upei p iski ini žemėlapiai ik su pažymė omis egioninėmis kalbos s i imis a
zonomis6, ku iose kalbama a miškai. Į an ąją g upę pa enka žemėlapiai, ku-
s uden s no only ma ked he a eas whe e hey used he language, bu also
somehow named hem, o example: low-le el language, low-le el language, low-le el
language, high-le el language, high-le el language, e c. The maps o he hi d g oup
a e dis inguished by he ac ha he a ea o he Li huanian language is di ided
in o dialec s. Teache s' commen s a e ound on all map g oups. The g ouping o
maps o Tokyo will be ollowed in his wo k as well. Each o he exclusi e g oups, in
his case co e ing he da a o he maps o he s uden s o Šiauliai and Pãne ėdis,
is b oken down in mo e de ail and discussed mo e b oadly. The maps showing he
ma a miškai. Pab aukdami, apib aukdami a ski ų kalbinių s ičių cen us a
a eas o he coun y wi h he mos languages, and he maps showing he a eas
wi h he mos languages, bu no he language, a e ma ked wi h a 54 pe cen e o
a e. Black is 26 pe cen . The numbe o s uden s in he ci y o Pane ėžys is 7 (see
Figu e 2). The majo i y o he maps in his g oup a e hose in which he language
zones a e ma ked in a way ha any use o he language usually associa es o may
associa e wi h a pa icula language (o en an e hnog aphic egion). I is belie ed
ha e y o en, especially in he case o Šiauliai pupils, he e minology used o
e e o such Wes e n Li huanian-language cen e s as Plungė and Telšija, loca ed
in he B no o he e hnic sel -de e mina ion a ea o Žemai ija, was no
necessa ily o connec he pupils wi h he u al a ea (o he e hnog aphic egion
o Žemai ija). In addi ion o hese, he nea by cen es, such as Mažekiai, K e ingà,
Šilãlė, a e p obably also qui e o en ma ked on he map.
As shown by he e iew o all he ques ionnai es, he sel -assessmen o pupils is pa ial o
comple e. Regional Speech Zones (also known as P es on 1999: xxxi ). 7 To a oid dis o ing he
accu acy o he da a by pe cen ages, unclea maps a e no included. They make up 6 pe cen o
all maps.
8 Resea ch codes used in he a icle a e sho : Šiaul […] Šiaul[…] gymnasium, Pn […] Pãne ėžio
gymnasium esea ches. The numbe s sepa a ed by b acke s indica e he g oups o s uden s
belonging o di e en classes. The le e s M and V indica e he sex o he subjec s. The
numbe s unde he le e s indica e he numbe s o he ques ionnai es.
I is no possible o say wi h ce ain y which dialec -speaking dis ic s' municipali ies' pupils a e
indica ed mos o en (i.e. o p o ide s a is ical da a) due o se e al map elemen s ha con used
hem: he place o indica ion o he names o he dis ic s' municipal cen e s, o example
Akmeny. This insc ip ion, p esumably, is no associa ed wi h he ne wo k o s uden s assigned o
i , bu wi h he nea es Telšiai dis ic municipali y e i o y. He belie es ha he ma king was
made mo e di icul o he s uden s by he ac ha he cen e s o some o he municipali ies
de ined on he map we e no indica ed, o example: Rie ã o, Tau ags, Pak úojo, Kùpiškio o Ukme gs.

LAURA GERŽOTAITĖ
126 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV
isiškai su ampa su Aukš ai ijos e nog a inio egiono ibomis. Todėl neabejo i-
nai su šia a me ( . y. aukš aičių) abiejų mies ų mokslei ių u ėjo bū i siejamos
žemėlapiuose ypač dažnai jų pažymė os šiau ės, šiau ės y inėje Lie u õs da-
The ollowing a eas a e loca ed in he municipali y: Pas alys, B žai, Pane ėžys,
U enà, Rõkiškis, Anykščia, Mol ai and Ignalinà.
In he sou he n and sou hwes e n pa s o he Li huanian-speaking a ea (see
Figu e 2), as indica ed by he ma kings o he s uden s on he maps, he mos
commonly spoken dialec is Vilka ki, Ma ijampolė, Aly aus, Lazdžiai o e en he
plo e. Nesan komen a ų, aigi be papildomos in o macijos, sunku pasaky i, su
kokia a me (aukš aičių) a egionu (Dzūkija a Su alkija) galėjo bū i siejami į
minė ą plo ą įeinan ys kalbinių s ičių cen ai.
dis ic s o Va ėnė, which include he Da apolė dis ic o he illage o Šiauliai
(Pāne ėčiai maps do no indica e such ma kings), and in he e i o ies o he
dis ic s o Telki, Plėnė, Akmė, Keimas, Radži, Radži. I is belie ed ha he language
o he na i e language could be associa ed wi h he wo-syllable e m aiška […]
zemaičių (which indica es he wes e n pa o Šiauliai, also ma ked as Plungė,
Telši[…] dis ic ) and highlands (Rad […]liškio) no only because i is no much
di e en om he ones used. F om a e minological poin o iew, such a a ie y
o linguis ic exp essions could ha e been helped o ake oo in hei consciousness
by he knowledge o med by ele ision, adio and he p ess ha he Šiauliai egion
is nei he comple ely low-lying no comple ely high-lying.
Some maps ( he e a e equal numbe s o hem in bo h ci ies) indica e ha
Li huanian is spoken h oughou , almos h oughou Li huania (app op ia ely
desc ibed as all o almos all) o only in he coun y's majo ci ies and hei
jokia a me juose mokslei iai neiden i ika o kai ku ių idu inėje (Kėdáinių,
su oundings. In he Li huanian pa o he dis ic s, he e a e Ukme gs,
Jona õs, Ši in and Kaišiado i o he sou he n pa (Š enčioni, Vlnia, Šačininkų).
This is explained by he ac ha he places whe e la ge, So ie -con olled
ac o ies we e buil in So ie imes we e no conside ed ansi zones, in o
mies ų gy en ojai. Pie y inė lie u ių kalbos plo o dalis, ku ioje daug ki akal-
which no only he inhabi an s o he su ounding illages a eled o wo k, bu
e en he dialec maps we e emp y. Un il he beginning o he 21s cen u y, he
ques ion o egional language di e si y did no a ise in Li huanian language schools (see Mikulėnienė, Meiliūnai ė 2014).
The maps o his g oup we e no e y commen ed on. Mos ly and qui e
ho oughly, Pãne ėžio s uden s commen ed on hei maps. Small
di e ences be ween he a i udes o s uden s in di e en ci ies can be
seen. Posi i e, mos ly gene alizing 10 An, domina e he maps o he young
s uden s. Linguis ic Homeland (see also Die cks 2002: 51).
A icles o he 127 h
Jaunųjų šiauliškių i pane ėžiškių a minė sa imonė:
ibos men aliniuose žemėlapiuose
commen s o his kind, o example: "All languages a e beau i ul because hey
a e a legacy. They a e all dis inc and di e en om he common language […]
„Visas a mes e inu eigiamai. Žmogus kiek ienas y a unikalus i jį jo a -
mė puošia“ (Šiaul_2(2)_M16), „Visos a mės y a ski ingos i sa aip įdomios“
(Šiaul_1(2)_M13), (Šiaul_2(2)_M13). In addi ion, acco ding o s uden s om he ci y
o Šiauliai, in he a ea o he lowe dialec s, as well as in he lowe dialec s,
al hough unnamed, he language a eas a e spoken in a no e y unde s andable
and un idy, bu beau i ul way: "The lowe dialec is beau i ul o me in i s own
way, al hough i is no e y egula " (Šiauliai_1(2)_M11), "The lowe dialec is
di icul o ead, bu i is beau i ul". And we, he people o Šiauliai, speak wi h
ou legs cu o (Šiaul_3(3)_V16), which means "beau i ul, no bicycle-like".
W i en commen s on indi idual a eas p e ail in he pages o he Pãne ėž s uden maps.
In e media eness is assessed no only acco ding o he c i e ia: beau i ul o ugly, egula o
i egula , bu also unde s andable o incomp ehensible, unny, in e es ing, s ange:
[…][Shiaulian] beau i ul, […][Pane ezhi] unny, […][U enos] ugly, i egula […], […][Kauno] beau i ul,
egula […] (Pn_1_M20), […][Rie a o] e y beau i ul, i egula […], […][Pane ezhi] unny, i i a ing
ea , i egula […] (Pn_1_M19). Only a ew maps indica e ha he language o he Pãne ė, i.e. he
na i e language, o he su ounding a ea is no cyclical (Pn_1_V10, Pn_1_M19). I should be no ed
ha he unci ili y o he landlo d's language is associa ed wi h misunde s anding in he minds
o s uden s in bo h ci ies (see also Aliūkai ė, Š a cienė 2009: 269), bu his is no widely
explained. Land maps wi h ma ked and e minologically named a eas a e no alid o he
highe language a eas. The maps o he second g oup di e om he maps o he i s g oup
klingumas g indžiamas kalbinėmis p iežas imis, pi miausia „nuki s omis“ a ba,
kaip eigiama, „nukandamomis“ galūnėmis.
in ha he s uden s (Šiauliai […] 18%, Pãne ėžio […] 38%) also w o e down wha language is
spoken in hei espec i e language egions (see Figu e 3). He e, as in he maps o he i s
g oup, he e a e mainly signs ( his is e lec ed in he ques ionnai es o Šiauliai s uden s) and
he cen e s o he Wes e n Li huanian linguis ic a eas a e qui e easily connec ed wi h he
lowland dialec : Plungė, Telšija, K e inga and o he s. Šiaulius, i.e. he na i e language in he
dis ic s, acco ding o hem, is spoken loudly. P o isions o pupils such as […]šiaulie iška
a mė is beau i ul[…] (Šiaul_1(2)_M07), […]g a i, because I speak i mysel […] (Šiaul_3(3)_M06),
indica e ha he so-called mino i y complex o he language is no sa e, he subjec s eel
sa e linguis ically. Howe e , he commen s o 11 schola s […] wha is no mal is no necessa ily
conside ed posi i e […] a e con i med by Fumio Inoque's e iew o images o he speeches o
B i ish esponden s (Inoue 1999:
152).
The 12 h. Dialec (in e io i y) Complex (see also Inoue 1999: 148).
LAURA GERŽOTAITĖ
Ac a Linguis ica LXXIV, in he case o he na i e dis ic s, is a ely men ioned in
he maps o he pupils o bo h ci ies. I is di icul o say whe he , based on he
highe numbe o hem, his obse a ion would also be con i med.
The p o o ypical high-al i ude linguis ic zones we e mo e o en indica ed by
s uden s o he ci y o Pãne ėžys. Thei maps o en also dis inguish he a eas o
hei na i e Pãne ėža dis ic s. The spoken language used by pupils is assessed in a
much la ge con ex co e ing adjacen a eas o g assland, e.g. Pas alyche and
Pane ėžys, he spoken language used by uppe -class people is […]una ac i e,
un uly, los o hem[…] (Pn_1_M57), Rad lychyje, Pane ėžys, Anykšči g ace, U enoj
[…] […]labaiži, man[…] (Pn_1_M57). In addi ion o Pãne ėžis, he cen es o se e al
egions […] B žų, Pãs alio, Anykšči[…] a e also e e ed o as high- ise buildings. In
he emaining pa o he Li huanian language a ea, i is al eady spoken no in he
high-le el dialec , bu , as can be seen om he commen a ies o s uden s, on an
e hnog aphic basis wi h he dis inc i e dialec s o su alkiečių and dzūkų.
Acco ding o schola s, he mos widely spoken dialec s a e Kazl[…] R[…]d,
Ma ijámpol and Vilka […]škį, and dzūkų […] Dzūkijos cul u al egion in he B no (Ragauskai ė, Daugi das 2010[…]2011: 23)
Va ėnės, Aly aus dis ic .
I should be no ed ha a la ge pa o he maps assigned o he g oup in ques ion
we e d awn e y aguely by he s uden s. On some maps, which a e qui e clea , 3
PAV. Example o a eas ma ked on maps and linked o a m (Pn_1_M06) ma ked and
A icles o he 129 h
Jaunųjų šiauliškių i pane ėžiškių a minė sa imonė:
ibos men aliniuose žemėlapiuose
p ecisely named a m a eas, he e a e always hose o which
a apie ku ias nepa ašy a nieko (ž . 4 pa .).
In o he maps, mainly Pãne ėžio s uden s, in a ious ways dis inguished he linguis ic egions in which
hey hough hey spoke in a dialec , in he edges o he maps hei language was usually desc ibed as
ollows: […]šiau ės eas e n Li huania is spoken in a dialec . in he no hwes geog aphically
(Šiaul_2(2)_M02, Pn_1_ hose a eas a e o en no clea ly sepa a ed. F om such maps i is di icul o
M15) (ž . 5 pa .).
Pačiuose žemėlapiuose (ž . 5 pa .) ienai a ki ai a mei p iski os nuspal in-
unde s and whe e he hea ing, and he e o e he language o he s uden s' sel -image, is di icul o
y a mokslei ių įsi aizduo a iba a p šiau ės aka ų ( . y. žemaičių) i y ų ( . y.
aukš aičių), odėl apie mokslei ių su ok ą kai ku ių kalbinių s ičių a minę p i-
sol e. The maps o he i s and especially he second g oup (e en aguely aced) show ha no only
he wo- ie ed (landlo ds and highlande s) bu also he ou - ie ed sys em o landlo ds (landlo ds,
highlande s, dzukai, su alkiečiai) (see Fig. 6) is qui e i mly en enched in he consciousness o he
s uden s. 13 The same esul s we e ob ained in he s udy o he a i udes o young u al as well as
u ban s uden s
The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU.
4 PAV. Example o an a ea cap u ed and (no ) alloca ed o bo de s on he map (Pn_1_M83)
LAURA GERŽOTAITĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV is he i s o i s kind in Li huania.
8 PAV. O he The linguis ic dependence o he c oss-sec ional a eas om he poin o iew o Šiauliai s uden s

S aipsniai / A icles 137
Jaunųjų šiauliškių i pane ėžiškių a minė sa imonė:
ibos men aliniuose žemėlapiuose
9 PAV. Pa ibio s ičių a minė p iklausomybė Pãne ėžio mokslei ių požiū iu
LAURA GERŽOTAITĖ
138 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
F om wha has been said, i is clea ha he pe cep ion o he geog aphical
bounda ies o he e i o y o he lowlands a ies g ea ly in some maps o he
younge s ai s and he lowe s ai s: on one map he bounda y o he a ea o he
lowlands is mo ed sligh ly o mo e o he eas , on o he s […] his a ea is
Ty ime daly a usiems jaunuoliams bu o sudė inga apib ėž i aukš aičių a -
mės a ealą. Mokslei iai, kaip ma y i iš žemėlapių i jų komen a ų, ski ia ik
aukš ai išką šiau ės i šiau ės y ų Lie u õs plo ą ( aigi be eik isą e nog a i-
signi ican ly na owed o he wes . In he Uni ed S a es, o example, he numbe
o people li ing in po e y has doubled in he pas decade, and he numbe o people
li ing in po e y has doubled in he pas decade. Simila ly, he a ea o he e y
high-al i ude plains is de ined in he maps o s uden s su eyed du ing he su ey
ca ied ou in o he Li huanian ci ies. Ve y a ely, s uden s om Šiauliai and
Pãne ėžio, as well as om o he ci ies, no ed ha he sou hwes e n pa o
Li huania is also spoken high-le el (Šiaul_2(3)_V08, Šiaul_2(3)_V10). The p edominan
names o he a ea o sou hwes e n Li huanian a e su alkų a mė (Šiaul_2(2)_M08),
su alkai (Šiaul_2(3)_M04), su alkie iška (Pn_1_M01), su alkiečių (Pn_1_M42). This,
acco ding o Rimas Bakšienė (Bakšienė 2015: 8), indica es ha assessing om he
posi ions o he o dina y consume , i is no cus oma y o classi y hem as
high- anking in he sel -image o he o dina y consume .
A sepa a e linguis ic uni is also conside ed o be he dzūkai, o om a linguis ic
poin o iew he sou he n highlands, he a ea o which is de ined sepa a ely on
ka u su minė ų su alkiečių. Šiuos du plo us jaunieji apklausos daly iai ypač
he maps o he pupils o has ended o be mixed22. S uden s om some o he
ci ies, such as Březina, who ep esen ed seconda y schools du ing he p ojec ,
as can be seen om hei maps, w o e ha hey simply did no know wha
language was spoken in his a ea o did no ecognize i a all.
Žemėlapių pak aščiuose esan ys negausūs Šiauli mokslei ių komen a-
(I should be ecalled ha e y ew maps could be assigned o his g oup) does
no di e in e ms o a ge s om he a achmen s o he s uden s o he
second g oup in he maps o he g asslands. The language o he lowlands is
e y beau i ul o hem, o cou se di icul o unde s and, bu eal
(Šiaul_2(3)_M07). The Highlands language, especially om he poin o iew o he
Pãne ėž gymnas s, is he na i e language, and he e o e he mos beau i ul,
he closes (Ry ų highlands language). I is he closes o me (Pn_1_V53)), he
mos unde s andable ([...] o me he mos unde s andable language o he
people om Aukš ai ija (Pn_1_M80), […]Aukš ai iškai […] in my opinion, he mos
(Pn_1_M52).
22 Panašius ezul a us ga o Žil y is Šaknys: jaunosios ka os pa eikėjams ypač sunkiai sekėsi api-
unde s andable language […] (Pn_1_V22)) and he mos common, because […] i mos esembles he common language […] bo de ing he bo de s o he Dzūkija egion (Šaknys 2012: 135).
A icles by A icles 139
Jaunųjų šiauliškių i pane ėžiškių a minė sa imonė:
ibos men aliniuose žemėlapiuose
The esul s o he analysis o he da a collec ed on he basis o he mapping
ask o he g amma school classes su eyed in he ci ies o Šiauliai and
Pane ėžys in mos cases lead o he same conclusions o he esea ch al eady
ca ied ou acco ding o he p inciples o pe cep ual dialec ology.
The as majo i y o young speake s o he language ha e mapped and named he
p o o ypical lowland and highland a eas, which a e undoub edly he mos
accu a e. In he pa o he map ha is no shown, i is s a ed ha he language
is spoken only in he na i e o su ounding a eas. Con a y o wha is s a ed in
he e hnological s udies, he sys em o Li huanian dialec s […] highlands and
lowlands […] is qui e well known o s uden s: he bounda y be ween hem
de eloped in dialec ology la gely coincides wi h he isoglosses o he pe cep ion
o young esponden s e lec ed in he maps. Only he wes e n and eas e n pa s
o he dialec al di ision o he highland dialec s a e included in he a ea o he
highland dialec s o med in he sel -de e mina ion o he younge highland and
pan-highland dialec s. The emaining a ea o he Li huanian language ha is no
connec ed wi h he highland dialec is called he e hnog aphic egions by he
names de ining he lowland dialec s (o lowlands) and dzūkų.
LITERATŪRA
Aliūkai ė Dai a 2007: Ta minio kalbėjimo es e inė e ė: nuos a ų y imas. –
Tex s and con ex s 1, 211223.
Au ho ed by Alyoka Dai a, "The Unde s anding o Final Speech: P o isions o Membe s
o he A p io i Linea Language Communi y." Li huanian language 2. Access o he
In e ne : This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o
i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Au ho ed by Alyoka Dai a,
"Pe cep ual dialec s udies: a men al map." This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
A.I.D.A. 2011: Ideals o he You h o he Low Coun ies: Conscien ious P oposals.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
A: The ho izon al and e ical con inui y o language: 21s -cen u y a ian s o speech om
he pe spec i e o a simple in e p e e . […] Taikomoji dialec o he language 2. I is
a ailable on he In e ne a : h p: h p: aikomojikalbo y a.l (2013) l d. h p:
ho inzon alusis-i - e ikalusis- albos-con inuum-skaidumas-xxi-amziaus- albejimo- a ian -
s-pap as ojo- albos- e in ojo-poziu iu. This is he i s ime ha he e m has been used in his way.
LAURA GERŽOTAITĖ
140 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXIV
Aliūkai ė Dai a, Me ky ė E ika 2009: Socioling is inis a minių kodų aisy-
he clinical ial. Language cul u e 82, 259 and 274. The Remains o he 21s Cen u y: The
Remains o he 21s Cen u y: The Remains o he 21s Cen u y: The Remains o he 21s
Cen u y: The Remains o he 21s Cen u y: The Remains o he 21s Cen u y: The
Remains o he 21s Cen u y: The Remains o he 21s Cen u y: The Remains o he 21s
Cen u y Li huanian language 9. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h p:
www.lie u iukalba.l index.php:lie u iu-kalba/a icle/ iewFile/172/140. Dailey-OCain
Jenni e 1999: The Pe cep ion o Pos -Uni ica ion Ge man Regional Speech. This is he
Handbook o Pe cep ual Dialec ology 1, edi ed by Dennis R. P es on. This Regula ion shall
en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial
Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Die cks Willy 2002: Men al Maps. This is he i s ime I' e
seen i . Linguis ic and geog aphical concep s. This is he Handbook o Pe cep ual
Dialec ology 2, edi ed by Daniel Long, Dennis R. P es on. This Regula ion shall en e in o
o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o
he Eu opean Union. Be sy E ans 2002: A i udes o Mon eal S uden s owa ds
Va ie ies o F ench. This is he Handbook o Pe cep ual Dialec ology 2, edi ed by Daniel
Long, Dennis R. P es on. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Inoue Fumio 1999: Subjec i e Dialec Di ision in G ea B i ain. He is he au ho o a numbe o books on he subjec . This is he Handbook o Pe cep ual Dialec ology 1, edi ed by Dennis R. P es on. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Inoue Fumio 1999a: Classi ica ion o dialec s by image. This is he Handbook o
Pe cep ual Dialec ology 1, edi ed by Dennis R. P es on. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
The publishing company, 147159.
In he yea 2006, Kalni Pe as, a local esiden o Aukš ai ija and Žemai ija, passed
away. Li huanian e hnology 6(15), 95121.
In 2006 he published a book called "Aukš ai iškumas lie u iškosios apa ybės
aičių apa umo paieškos, sud. Vi alija Vasiliauskienė. Kaunas: Žiemgalos leidykla,
66–88.
kon eks e" (High-E hnici y in he Con ex o Li huanian Iden i y).
jimo Lie u os mies uose ypa umai. – Mies ai i kalbos 2. Socioling is inis Lie u os žemė-
[…]AukšK upickai ė Do ilė, Ba anauskienė Vik o ija 2013: Regional languages a e
included in he qua e ly, sud. This is Meilu ė Ramonienė. Vilnius: Published by Vilnius
Uni e si y, 9-20. LKA I […] A las o he Li huanian language 1. The dic iona y, please. This is Kazys Mo kūnas. Vilnius: Science, 1977. This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has been consul ed on his ma e .
Daniel Long 1999: Geog aphical Pe cep ion o Japanese Dialec Regions. […] Hand-held
book o Pe cep ual Dialec ology 1, ed. by Dennis R. P es on. Ams e dam, Philadelphia:
John Benjamins Publishing Company, 177–198.
A icles by A icles 141
Jaunųjų šiauliškių i pane ėžiškių a minė sa imonė:
ibos men aliniuose žemėlapiuose
Mikulėnienė Danguolė, sud. and au ., Meiliūnai ė Viole a, sud. and au . 2014: Geolinguis ic and
sociolinguis ic s udy o Li huanian languages a he beginning o he 21s cen u y (land
maps and hei commen s). Vilnius: B iedis is loca ed in Vilnius.
Sil ia Papu ėly a, Župe ka Kazimie as 2010: Cha ac e is ics o he popula ion o
e hnic a eas in Li huania in he wo ld iew o he language. Cul u e o he
language 83, 185 […]201. In he yea 2005, he Zemai iya e hnic sel -de e mina ion
egion was es ablished. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
P es on Dennis 1989: Pe cep ual Dialec ology: Nonlinguis s Views o A eal Linguis ics. He is also he au ho o he book Pe cep ual Dialec ology: Nonlinguis s' Views o A eal Linguis ics.
Do d ech : Fo is.
Dennis P es on 1999: In oduc ion. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. This is he
Handbook o Pe cep ual Dialec ology 1, edi ed by Dennis R. P es on. This Decision
shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Dennis P es on, A Language A i ude App oach o he Pe cep ion o Regional
Va ie y This is he i s edi ion o he Handbook o Pe cep ual Dialec ology,
edi ed by Daniel Long, Dennis R. P es on. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on
he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he
Eu opean Union. Ragauskai ė Alma, Daugi das Vidman as 2010[…]2011: The cul u al egion o Dzūkija. […] Annales Geog aphicae 43[…]44, 16[…]28. I is also known as he Annales Geog aphicae 43[…]44, 16[…]28.
Ramonienė Meilu ė, K upickai ė Do ilė 2013: In oduced by he au ho Ci ies and
sociolinguis ics. […] Ci ies and languages 2. Sociolinguis o he map o Li huania, sou h.
This is Meilu ė Ramonienė. Vilnius: Published by Vilnius Uni e si y, 9-20. Sa onikai e Vida
2003: Highligh s abou hei adi ional cul u e. Public wo ks 18(25), 120133.
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Cus oms o he Highlands, sou h. Rasa Paukš y ė-Šaknienė, Vida Sa oniakai ė, Žil y is
Šaknys, I ma Šidiškienė. She is also a membe o he Russian Olympic Commi ee. Vilnius: LII
publishing house, 120[…]133. The Roo s o You h 2012: E hnog aphic Regions in Li huania: A
View o Con empo a y You h. […] Public wo ks 43, 126 […] 142.

LAURA GERŽOTAITĖ
142 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV
Dialec al Sel -awa eness o he Young
Inhabi an s o Šiauliai and Pane ėžys:
Bo de s in Men al Maps
Summa y
The dialec al images ha e eal he dialec al sel -awa eness o he schoolchild en o wo
ci ies […] Šiauliai and Pane ėžys […] a e discussed in he a icle. A ques ionnai e designed
acco ding o he p inciples o sociolinguis ics, dialec ology and pe cep i e dialec ology se ed
as a esea ch ool. The analysis o he da a o he ask o he map collec ed in he ci ies o
nai e – he men al map – we e d awn on in his wo k. Mos a en ion was de o ed o he
analysis o he subjec i e maps (exis ing only in he sel -awa eness o he o dina y lan-
guage use ), which e ealed he Li huanian dialec al classi ica ion.
Šiauliai and Pane ėžys in mos cases led o he same conclusions ha had al eady been d awn
when employing he me hods o pe cep i e dialec ology. In he gi en map, mos young language
use s a he p ecisely ma ked and named he a eas o he p o o ypical Samogi ian and
Augus ian dialec s, which aised no doub s. I was poin ed ou in he g ea e pa o he maps
ha he dialec s we e only spoken in na i e a eas o also in he su ounding en i ons. The
s uden s we e a li le mo e in a ou o he no e y egula bu beau i ul dialec o he
Samogi ian dialec al a ea o he dialec o he neighbou ing egion o Šiauliai.
Con a y o some e hnologis s' esea ch, he analysis o he da a ga he ed in bo de owns
demons a ed ha he schoolchild en a e a he well awa e o he bo de be ween he
Li huanian dialec s […] Samogi ian and Aukš ai ian […] d awn in dialec ology. Ne e heless, he
bina y classi ica ion o Li huanian dialec s gi en by dialec ologis s and he one exis ing in he
sel -awa eness o he language use is di e en . In he sel -awa eness passes one- hi d o
o he young esponde s he language a ea a ibu ed o he Aukš ai ian dialec encom-
he a ea o his dialec only. Qui e a la ge a ea o he es o he Sou he n and Sou h-Wes e n
dialec al Aušš e is composed o he people o Suš alkija and Dzūkija who a e conside ed
dialec al uni s by o dina y language use s.
Deli e ed on 8 Janua y 2016
LAURA GERŽOTAITĖ
Ins i u e o Li huanian Language
The Commission shall be empowe ed o
adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.