S aipsniai / A icles 245
LORETA VAIČIULYTĖ-SEMĖNIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0003-2196-8937 Di ec ions o
scien i ic esea ch: mo phosyn ax, alency, seman ics,
and ypology.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Cons uc ion o illages
The Valen ian Aspec
Cons uc ion wi h a ž ilgiu om he
Pe spec i e o Valency
ANOTATION The objec o his a icle is a cons uc ion in ela ion o a polynomial. The aim is o
cla i y he ela ionship be ween he cons uc ion o he language and he alue based on he
ma e ial o he cu en Li huanian language ex (DLKT). The s udy showed ha he
cons uc ion is used in he sen ence in ela ion o he polynomial bo h as a alence ac an o
he lexeme and as a non- alence […] ee membe . ESMINIAI WORDS: alency, alency ac an ,
ee membe , in e ms o he cons uc ion.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The objec o his a icle is he cons uc ion wi h pos posi ional espec . The aim is o ind
ou he ela ionship be ween he said cons uc ion and alency d awing on he da a om The
Co pus o Con empo a y Li huanian Language. The s udy e ealed ha he cons uc ion wi h
pos posi ional espec is used in a sen ence bo h as a alen ac an o he lexeme and as a
non- alen ( ee) elemen .
KEYWORDS: alency, alen ac an , ee elemen , cons uc ion wi h espec .
LORETA VAIČIULYTĖ-SEMĖNIENĖ
246 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
1.In oduc o y no es
E ns as F aenkel (1928: 185-1866) in his wo k on he Li huanian language's
unnies mini-wo d aspec o he in en ion1. Jonas Jablonsky (1957: 632) calls
he di e ence in he espec used in examples 12 a di e ence o opinion and
a gues ha " his happiness is only a di e ence o opinion in a ce ain way o
in a ce ain way". (1) He is no di e en om o he s in ha ega d. (quo ed om Jablonskis 1957:
632)
(2) His w i ing and speech a e ole a ed. (quo ed by Jablonskis 1957: linamasis ( . p.
632)
Šiandienoje Jonas Šukys (1998: 267) eigia, kad a ž ilgiu y a a ž ilgio, a ba iks-
557), a nomadic, which […]compa ed o nesa a ankiškas, o en esembling he wo d,
close o p e e ences (mo e p ecisely […] polinksniams), because i implies
ai eina po [...] dažniausiai kilmininko, i jį ikslina, a si suda o su juo kaip
polinksnis a ce ain cons uc ion[…]; especially in p in and w i en language, i is
o en used o desc ibe a hing o an exp ession. Shukys (1998: 268) cla i ies ha in
e ms o he mos common adminis a i e and scien i ic language, and he
a k eipia dėmesį į ai, kad a ž ilgiu a ojamas, „kai y a aiški požiū io į ką no s,
meaning o e alua ion o some hing, and when he meaning o e alua ion o he
app oach has expanded, he means o exp ession o he adi ional language o
li e a e no o go en. Ins ead o a ca pe wi h a polynomially pa ed aspec , i
may be be e sui ed o a ca pe (see 3), a pu e ca pe (especially a ca pe ) (see 4),
a ca pe (especially a ca pe ) due o a cons uc ion (see 6).
3) Child en he e a e aised physically, men ally, men ally (e.g. physically,
medically, men ally). (Ci ed by Shukes 1998: 268) 4) Can you do some hing good
o he disabled (plg. disabled). (Ci ed by Shukes 1998: 268) 5) The coldness o
he membe s o he Ju au Commi ee owa ds me (plg. man). (ci ed by
Shukys 1998: 268)
6) No ac ion was aken agains he o ende s (e.g. agains he o ende s).
(Ci ed by Shukes 1998: 268) 7) Some people had a nega i e opinion o he
ins i u e (e.g. abou he ins i u e). (ci ed by Shukys 1998: 268) 8) The
go e nmen has no s a ed policy owa ds schools (i could also be abou
schools). (ci ed by Shukys 1998: 267) 1 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he e iew o
he wo k, see Akelai is (2005: 67-70) has been epo ed in he Uni ed Kingdom.
A icles and a icles 247
A ž ilgiu kons ukcija alen ingumo aspek u
In he case o he C1 and C2 polynomials, he esul is he same as in he case o he
C1 and C2 polynomials: he esul is he same as he esul o he C1 and C2
polynomials, and he esul is he same as he esul o he C2 polynomials. I , as a
book phenomenon, can be used in common pa lance, bu p io i y should be gi en o
he main (neu al) a ian o he no m […] he way i wo ks. In he case o he 911
and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and
he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he
911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911 and he 911. The di ec ela ionship wi h he objec mus be exp essed o he use by he accesso y cons uc ions (KP S1 2009: 89; see also Akelai is 2005: 71, 76). The mo e espec we would ha e o gi ls, he mo e espec we would ha e o gi ls. ( e e ence
jama pagal KP S1 2009: 89)
10) You will be co ec abou us (=mums). (quo ed in
Akelai is 2005: 71) is he name o he company.
In ole ance owa ds Li huania (Lie u ai) was undoub edly he case. (Ci ed by
Akeley in 2005: 71) is used o e e o an indi ec ela ionship wi h an objec in
Šukys (KP S1 2009: 89) pažymi, kad bend inėje kalboje a ž ilgiu gali bū i a -
Example 12.
12) Nieko blogo aiko a ž ilgiu nepada iau.
Gin au as Akelai is (2005: 67) examines he cons uc ion in e ms o adminis a i e
language (see 10 […]11) and a gues ha in e ms o (and in e ms o ) […]is
dis inguished by he equency o use, by he appa en adminis a i e unc ional
s ylis ic e lec ion[…]. He (Akelai is 2005: 76) concludes ha […]adminis a i e
language is de i ed om cons uc ions. + [...] un ounded li ing o osena and
acco ding o he ime o appea ance is a la e mani es a ion o he in elligen ly
spoken language. Akelai is (2005: 67) a gues ha he ac ha […]eina e e s o bo h
nouns and adjec i es seems o allow hem o be conside ed close o polynxies. They
canno be conside ed ue polynomials because o he lexical meaning hey e ain.
Ano he eason is ha he combina ion o cons uc ion and cons uc ion wi h he
me apho ical wo d kilmininku is o en close o e en o ms a pa allel, e.g. in economic
e ms and in economic e ms. On he o he hand, based on he examples in he ex
o he cu en Li huanian language, Akelai is (2005: 70) w i es: […]Aps aba ėjęs is
mos o en used wi h he o igin o he wo ds o he daik a a diškės in he
ninku [...], be labai e as de inimo būdu suda y uose junginiuose [...] – san-
ykis 0,07 : 0,93“. Iš išsamaus jo y imo aiškėja, kad a ž ilgiu kons ukcijos
adminis a i e language p ope ly used, when hey indica e some hing acco ding o
he main objec , he e b o he condi ion o ac ion (Akelai is 2005:
The e m "subjec i e" is used o e e o a si ua ion in which he objec o a
ela ionship is pe cei ed as a "subjec i e" objec , and he e m "subjec i e"
is used o e e o a si ua ion in which he objec o a ela ionship is pe cei ed
as an "objec i e" objec . In addi ion o he ac ha i is no sui able o a
di ec ela ionship wi h he objec o e e ence (Akelai is 2005: 71), he cons uc ions in ques ion do no
LORETA VAIČIULYTĖ-SEMĖNIENĖ
248 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII he easons o he e e ence (Akelai is
2005: 73). Also, whe e possible, especially whe e he es ablished Li huanian
syn ac ic ela ionship link is ulne able, i should be a oided (Akelai is 2005: 73).
kons ukcijų kilm. + a ž ilgiu [...], kai u i bū i iš eikš as požymio, a ba a ibu-
Fu he mo e, he ques ion o whe he he e is a ( ampa) polinksnis in he con ex
is le ou and he wo king e m in he a icle is used as […] polinksniškasis in he
con ex . The cons uc ion wi h i , as is clea om he examples quo ed and wha
is b ie ly discussed, is used a he sen ence and compound le el. A en ion should
be paid o Akelaičio's (2005: 72) hough : "When used cons uc ions o igina e. + In
e ms o [...], he di ec e e ence o an objec in an ac ion, ac i i y o ea u e is
as i so ened, mu ed. In he case o he i s wo cases, he ques ion is, how do
nin o san ykio su objek u pag indas i kodėl, pa yzdžiui, ipišką bene icien o
you ge he numbe o polynomials in he i s wo cases? In addi ion o he ac
(kaip) ai susiję su žodžio eikšme i alen ingumu. Jei polinksniškojo a ž ilgiu
ha he e b-cen e ed model o he sen ence can be used o make se e al
assump ions: (a) in ela ion o he polynomial, he e b-cen e ed model o he
sen ence has an in luence on he meaning o he noun, (b) he polynomial has an in luence on he meaning o he noun.
jo a ž ilgiu a osenai į akos u i sakinio p edika o leksiniai, seman iniai a ki i
požymiai, žodžio i iso sakinio seman ika.
The answe s o he abo e ques ions we e selec ed on he basis o he ma e ial
collec ed om he Kaunas VDU Compu e Linguis ics Cen e in he ex book o
con empo a y Li huanian language (www.DLKT) (see pa 2). This pape is in ended
o p o ide a comp ehensi e o e iew o he use o he e m " alence" in he
con ex o he s udy o he " alence heo y" and o p o ide a b ie o e iew o
he use o he e m " alence" in he con ex o he s udy o he " alence
heo y" in he con ex o he s udy o he " alence heo y" in he con ex o he
s udy o he " alence heo y." Then summa ize i all (see sec ion 7). As a as is
known, he e is no wo k on he polynomial in e ms o he alency aspec .
2. The game o chess
A la ge pa o DLKT consis s o w i en, o en edi ed, ex s o di e en gen es
(publicis ic, ic ion, non- ic ion o adminis a i e li e a u e). The e a e ob iously
ewe examples o p o e bs. This can be seen in Table 1, which shows how he sea ch
esul s o DLKT2 a e dis ibu ed by gen e. 2 Samples om he DLKT collec ed in
June 2022
A icles and a icles 249
A ž ilgiu kons ukcija alen ingumo aspek u
As you can see om Table 1, unc ional s yles can ha e meanings in ela ion o
polynomials. I'm alking abou he a es hing in he dic iona y. In w i en
language, polinksniškas is a ely used in ic ion, and mos o en in […] publicis ic and
non- ic ion li e a u e. DLKT3 publica ions include: gene al pe iodicals, popula
pe iodicals, scien i ic pe iodicals, books (au obiog aphies, memoi s, memoi s,
ch onicles, dia ies, le e s, essays, e iews, e c.) and e c., and neg ožinė […] is
scien i ic, educa ional, cogni i e, science popula iza ion li e a u e and e c. DLKT
ic ion consis s o sho s o ies, essays, no els, ai y ales, no els and so on. In
addi ion o he ac ha he examples o adminis a i e li e a u e (documen s)
p o ided by he DLKT wi h a polynomial ela ionship a e s udied (Akelai is 2005),
mo e han 600 examples o o he gen es whe e a polynomial ela ionship is used a e
u he used. Speci ically, he basis o u he explo a o y esea ch is 200
samples om he g oce y s o e, neg o1 LENTEL. A ilgiu Va osena by gen e
žinės li e a ū os i publicis ikos, aip pa u imi 5 pa yzdžiai iš saky inės kalbos.
Teks yno dalis Iš iso
Numbe o wo ds
used
Numbe o
šal inių žodžių
subjec s o be analysed
The ollowing is a lis o a icles ha ha e appea ed in he Jou nal o he Ame ican
Academy o De ma ology.pd The e m "de ma ology" is used in he Uni ed S a es
o e e o any o a numbe o disciplines.pd The e m "de ma ology" is used in
he Uni ed S a es o e e o any o a numbe o disciplines.pd The e m
"de ma ology" is de i ed om he G eek wo d "de ma ology" In his con ex , he
e m "pe cep ual" is o en used o e e o he pe cep ual subjec (e.g., o eel,
o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o
eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel,
o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel, o eel.
In addi ion o he ac ha he same wo ds a e used in di e en gen es in di e en
examples o polynomials, polynomials a e used in he same wo ds o in di e en
gen es. 3 Žiū ė a [2022-06-12] he e: h p: www. eks ynas. du.l / eks ynasmenu?page=abou .

LORETA VAIČIULYTĖ-SEMĖNIENĖ
250 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII
žodžiai, su ku iais y a seman iškai i sin aksiškai susijusi polinksniškojo a ž ilgiu
In addi ion, he examples a e no di ided by gen e. Fo example, he e a e examples
o polynomial cons uc ions in ic ion and non- ic ion, and he e a e examples o
polynomial cons uc ions in ic ion and non- ic ion, and he e a e examples o
polynomial cons uc ions in ic ion and non- ic ion, and he e a e examples o
polynomial cons uc ions in ic ion and non- ic ion. Two slowly. A ž ilgiu
cons uc ion in e ace wi h he pa o he language in he sen ence
ū oje pasi aikė su ole ancija. Tai, kad isų nag inėjamų s ilių eks uose a ž ilgiu
a ojamas su ais pačiais a ba panašiais žodžiais, leis ų many i, kad unkcinis
Pa s o he language Examples
The e bs o be, o do, o dese e, o beha e, o oblige, o eel, o adhe e o, o (no )
mo alize, o be, o le go, o be, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o
ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o
ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e, o ha e.
Rela ed a is s: Be ca e ul wi h my hea , Be ca e ul wi h my hea , Be ca e ul wi h
my hea , Be ca e ul wi h my hea , Be ca e ul wi h my hea , Be ca e ul wi h my
hea , Be ca e ul wi h my hea , Be ca e ul wi h my hea , Be ca e ul wi h my hea ,
Be ca e ul wi h my hea , Be ca e ul wi h my hea , Be ca e ul wi h my hea , Be
ca e ul wi h my hea , Be ca e ul wi h my hea , Be ca e ul wi h my hea . The
ollowing de ini ions a e used: abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac ,
abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac ,
(ne)sąžiningas, sa a ankiškas, (ne)šališkas, š elnus, (ne) eisingas, (ne)
abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac ,
abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac ,
abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac ,
abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac ,
abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac ,
abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac , abs ac and abs ac You will be well,
equally, (no ) kindly, ang y, hos ile, skep ical and so on.
pozicija, pozi y umas, p anašumas, p iešiškumas, p ie a a, p o okacija,
(ne) ole ancija, i umas, užsispy imas, eiksmas, il is, žodis, (ne)
A icles and a icles 251
A ž ilgiu kons ukcija alen ingumo aspek u
3. The aim o he p ojec is o imp o e he quali y o li e in u al a eas.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce
on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Conside ing ha he polynomial used in he con ex has a meaning and i can
in luence he meaning o he spoken cons uc ion, i is app op ia e o men ion he
meaning o he noun. In he dic iona y o he cu en Li huanian language (DLKŽe)
he noun is gi en as 1. (Ma hew 22:37-39) The apos le Paul w o e: "Le us no become
ego is ical, s i ing up compe i ion wi h one ano he , en ying one ano he . ‘Look
(see also poin 1). In he Academic Li huanian Language Vocabula y (LKŽe) he aspec is i eikšmis: 1. ‘looking back, looking a ound (see 13); 2. ' iew, look' (see also 14 and 2); 3. "conside a ion"
(See also pa ag aph 15).
13) The wol caugh one sheep, he o he one an o o he
g ound wi hou a wo d. 14) Ou li e a u e has become much
mo e di e se in e ms o o m. 15) A e all he ha dships, he e may be some aspec o K kn.
Thus, he e b aspec used in examples 112 mus (should ha e) he meaning ‘look,
look. The seman ically close app oach o he Daik a a dji is also wo- old: 1.
(Ma hew 22:37-39) The apos le Paul w o e: "Le us no become ego is ical,
s i ing up compe i ion wi h one ano he , en ying one ano he . ‘conc e e iew,
decision4 (DLKŽe; see also LKŽe). Thus, he e is a minimal lexical seman ic ield o
wo ds ela ed o each o he ( iew, a i ude, glance, iew, opinion, judgmen ).
kaip jau 2 dalyje minė a, daik a a džiai pažiū a, nuomonė, požiū is, nusis a ymas
He e i is wo h paying a en ion o he ac ha , a e used wi h ega d o he
polynomial cons uc ion in ques ion. This would es i y o he g amma ical p ocess.
Looking a he app oach o abs ac nouns, a glance, a look a he basic wo ds (pa) o look
a and look a he alency o he conjunc ion o he e bs o he Nijolė-Sližienė
Li huanian language (LKVJŽ) explains ha he e b o look a he ypes, o ake in o
accoun he equi emen o he a liepian subjec 's noun and he con en o he e b o
syllable (ž . 16). The ac o looking a and looking a equi es he pe cep i e subjec o
beha e in acco dance wi h he pe cep i e subjec 's opinion, o e alua e (see 17 […]18)
a dininko, pa ien ą6 a liepiančios p ielinksnio į kons ukcijos i moduso7 unk-
(Sližienė 2004: 457, 461). Thus, he seman ic meaning o he wo d "look, look" is ha o he
pe cei e , he pa ien , 4 Plg. LK: a decision is an opinion, a iew. DLK: Opinion […] second
poin o iew, opinion. 5 […]Con en [Con] […] unc ion o he con en o an ac ion o s a e
[…] (Sližienė 1994: 22). 7 […]Modus [Mod] […] he quali y o he ac ion, he unc ion o he
6 „Pa ien as [P] – eiksmo po eikio ga ėjo a ba būsenos u ė ojo unkcija“ (Sližienė 1994: 20).
building[…] (Sližienė 1994: 25).
LORETA VAIČIULYTĖ-SEMĖNIENĖ
252 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII con en s, mode o unc ion wi h i s own link.
The subjec o he pe cep ion should limi he o ex wi h espec o he polynomial
o he p edica es o he ac i e ac ion ( ansi i e). Howe e , as we ha e seen in
Example 4, he polynomial is used in he con ex (see below). In o he wo ds, i can be
assumed ha , o example, in he case o he polynomial ela ion, i is ma ked
(ma ke ) in he b oad sense o he pe son as a pe cei e , iew, a i ude and hus
(kon) ex assigned o he indi ec e ec o he objec , co esponding o he
bene icia y (plg. 16) Will you [Pcp] look a him [Con] Jb. (ci ed by Sližienė 2004: 457) 17)
Some [Pcp] e en looked suspiciously [M] a he e y Be ing [P] and his whole jou ney
[P] B . (Ci ed by Sližienė 2004: 457) 18) Whe he indi iduals become mo al depends on how
[M] o he people [Pcp] VDTUk look a hem. Acco ding o Sliwinski (2004, p.46), he
F ench public was hos ile. This ole an socie y boas ed o i s spo s knowledge and
expe ience.
[Pcp] musulmon a ž ilgiu [B] šiuo a eju kaip niekada oli9.
20) Jis [Pcp] bu o ole an iškas dideliam i mažam [B], su isais mielai da-
A e he e wo ole an alen ines in he 1920 examples whe e di e en in e p e a ions o eali y
a e discussed? Any hing can be (see below). Acco ding o he p inciple o iconici y, o isomo phism,
di e en e bs a e associa ed wi h di e en p edica e meanings: each o m has i s own meaning.
The concep o iconici y is implici ly associa ed wi h ma kedness. Talmy Gi ónas (1990: 945[…]947; plg.
2001: 38[…]41), who de ines ma kedness in e ms o he h ee […] s uc u es be ween cogni i e and
s uc u al complexi y is one o he mos common aspec s o iconic aspec s […] cogni i ely ma ked
inio i kogni y inio kompleksiškumo i dažnumo – k i e ijus, eigia, jog są-
ca ego y ends o ma k and s uc u ally, and ice e sa10. Iconici y and signi icance a e di ec ly
ela ed o he minimal linguis ic means o exp ession and e o (see below). Wi h all his in mind, i
is likely ha he use in he polynx con ex also ela es o he exp ession o he g amma ical
ekonomiškumu i dis ink y umu kalboje: kalbė ojas siekia kuo daugiau u i-
s uc u es o he use s o he language 8 […]Bene icien as [B] […] he unc ion o he add essee,
ecipien , holde , cha ac e is ic o li ing beings, especially pe sons o whose bene i o
disad an age wha happens, happens, is[…] (Sližienė 1994: 21). 9 Unless o he wise indica ed, he
samples a e om he LDCs. 10 […]The me a-iconic ma kedness p inciple: Ca ego ies ha a e
cogni i ely ma ked end also o be s uc u ally ma ked[…] (Gi ón 1995: 58). Plg.: Ca ego ies ha a e
s uc u ally ma ked a e also na u al economic needs (which do no always coincide wi h he
language no m) in communica ion.
subs an i ely ma ked“ (Gi ón 1990: 965).
A icles o he 253 d
A ž ilgiu kons ukcija alen ingumo aspek u
4. Valen inus and Polynices
ATŽVILGIU
T umpai pasaky ina, kad alen ingumas – ai žodžio eikšmės lemiama ypa-
The wo d "symbol" is used o e e o he numbe o places in a sen ence o
ph ase occupied by wo ds o a pa icula meaning and hei o ms o
co espondences (see Sližienė 1994: 16; Vaičiuly ė-Semėnienė 2001: 19 and he
li e a u e ci ed he e). Valency is usually associa ed wi h h ee le els: abs ac
logical seman ics and wo speci ic le els o language - syn ax and lexical seman ics.
The logical seman ic le el de e mines he numbe o wo d acancies and hei
possible ac an seman ic unc ions, he syn ac ic le el de e mines he
g amma ical o m o alen ine ac s and hei essen ial o op ional, he lexical
seman ic le el de e mines he seman ics o alen ine ac s (wha seman ic classes
o wo ds can be ac an s o a wo d). In addi ion o he alen ine syn ac ic ac s, he
necessi y and op ional na u e o which a e de e mined in he sen ence, ee
membe s a e assigned o he wo ds o he sen ence ha a e no condi ioned by
he meaning o he wo d and do no belong o i s alency. In he p edica e
s uc u e, sepa a e p edica es, a he han p edica e a gumen s, co esponding
o ee membe s do no ill he open ee spaces o he p edica e, hei
ela ionship o he p edica e de e mines i , as a pa o a pa icula language, he
35). Bū inieji sin aksiniai ak an ai sakinyje negali bū i p aleidžiami, kadangi
inhe en pu ely g amma ical abili y o connec o he wo ds and hei o ms
(Sližienė 1994: hey will be le ung amma ical. Essen ial syn ac ic ac s desc ibe
he pa o he si ua ion ha is mos impo an and ele an o he meaning o
he wo d (Sližienė 1994: 31). The op ional syn ac ic ac s a e hose ha can be
omi ed in a sen ence, while he sen ence emains g amma ical and
unde s andable. The wo d " acul y" has he same meaning as " acul y" since he
acul y is implici in he e y meaning o he wo d. The op ional e bs, which a e
w i en in he ollowing examples p o ided by he DLKT in he ace b acke s,
desc ibe he pa o he si ua ion ha is less ele an o he meaning o he
p edica e. I is acknowledged ha he e a e no s ic bounda ies be ween
essen ial and op ional ac s and ee membe s (Hen schel, Weyd 1994: 345). Vilmos
Ágel (2000: 211212) posi s a hypo hesis: he mo e o en he ee membe s (A) a e
used, he mo e hey will be expec ed. Thus, in his iew, ee membe s as con en
inio alen ingumo komponen us, o pas a ieji laikui bėgan pagal Paulo G ice
speci ie s (INS) can be ein e p e ed in o he maxim o p edica e seman ics ( ele ance) as communica i ely necessa y.
LORETA VAIČIULYTĖ-SEMĖNIENĖ
260 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII he subjec o he ac ion in ques ion is
less ypical om he agen 's poin o iew. In his si ua ion, he ac ion o he
subjec (pono, se an ) does no di ec ly a ec he objec (o he , sel ).
Wha he mas e does o he o he , he does o himsel , and wha he sla e
does o himsel , he does o himsel . Thus, one-sided and unequal ecogni ion
eme ged. In his case, he unimpo an consciousness o he gen leman is he
objec .
F om he e b o do ‘ o ac in ela ion o whom one can mo e on o he e b o
ac . N. Sližienė (1994: 193) dis inguishes be ween beha iou and beha iou . one way o
ano he o obey, o ac , e.g. He [A1] beha es decen ly, beau i ully, igh ly [Mod]23, o
‘2. o in e ac in one way o ano he , o a ec someone's a e, e.g. He [A1] did
w ong [Mod] o his mo he [P]. In sho , he explici aspec o he meaning o he
abo e-men ioned ac is implici in he de ini ion o he meaning o he ac . This is
he case o he polynomial o he o m (Figu e 52) and he o m (Figu e 52) o he
o m (Figu e 5). 52 Fo example, ins ead o a ypical pa ien , a p e e ence is gi en
o a design chosen in ela ion o he polynomial design. The compa ison o examples
53 and 54 makes i clea ha he use o he polynomial in ela ion o he polynomial
in example 54 is essen ially g amma ically null. I is also wo h no ing ha , o
example, in he case o he 55 h example, he e bs a e in luenced by he ac ha
he adjec i e is also used wi h espec o he polynomial (c . 25). This is e iden in
examples 56-57, whe e he alen ine ac co esponding o he modus ope andi o
he p edica e (ac ) o he sen ence is exp essed by he adjec i al p onoun i sel
equi ing he bene icien ac (simila ly said and g e a, e.g., iendly, hones , hos ile,
un ac ical, pa ial o e c.) o joining he ee membe . The la e examples show
ha he use o he polynomial can be in luenced by bo h he alency o he main
p edica e (elg is) o he sen ence and he alency o one o he lexical ac an s o
he p edica e o he conjunc ion o he wo d.
52) The Conse a i es ha e no said how hey will beha e owa ds he
mino i y in he Sejm.
53) The a he 's conduc was noble. He was despicable only in ela ion o Nana. 54)
The pas y che also beha es in a disappoin ed way wi h espec o each o he
(plg. disappoin ed? c icke beha es in a disappoin ed way wi h espec o each
o he ). 55) You o m you posi i e o nega i e opinion o a pe son by in e ac ing
wi h him, ac ing hones ly bo h owa d you sel and owa d him. 56) A us a ed
child becomes i i able, ang y, and agg essi e owa d his pee s.
23 See also LKVJZ (Sližienė 1994: 166) is used o do ‘elg is, o example, no o con adic [Mod], ka el [A1], do.

S aipsniai / A icles 261
A ž ilgiu kons ukcija alen ingumo aspek u
57) Esą Didžiojo Tė ynės ka o minėjimo me u Jonas i aš nemandagiai elgė-
in he case o a e e an o wa [...].
In he same way, in he examples o DLKT in he con en , he cons uc ion is used
when he main p edica e o he sen ence is he e b nu(si) eik i, o se […]2. o be
de e mined, o adhe e i mly o he opinion, he decision' (DLKŽe) o m o
polinksniškasis in ela ion o hese o o he pe cep i e e bs abs ac s […] objec
wo ds de e mina ion, de e mina ion, p o ision, in en ion (see 58[…]61).
58 pa yzdyje polinksniškojo a ž ilgiu a osenai į akos da o ne i(e)k neagen-
y us nu eik i ‘sukel i kokią nuo aiką, jausmusʼ, kiek, kaip minė a, būd a diš-
disad an ageously, which i sel equi es a bene icia y's eco d. In he same way, in
he case o 59 i is possible o see ha he polynomial is also ela ed o he
adjec i al ge und (in he examples abo e i is used analogously o he adjec i e,
when he g e a is good, e il, hos ile, skep ical, e c.), bu unlike he case o 58, he
change o he bene icia y is mo e limi ed o he in ansi i i y o he p edica e.
60[…]61 examples show ha he use o he polynomial is also in luenced by he
ca ego ical p ope ies o he lexeme (see also 26[…]28). The ac ha lexical
pe cep i i y has an in luence on he con ex o he sen ence is e iden om
Example 62, whe e he choice o polynomial may be explained no by he ypical
beha io o he alen ine (e.g. beha ing wi h o he s a one's own disc e ion), bu by
he disc e ion o he opinion (DLK).
58) Well, I can now spend a leas one so un a o ably owa ds me
Wha 's he ma e wi h you?
59) One hal is less likely o belie e ha he o he is be e o han she is.
nusi eikusi.
60) The s uden unconsciously eels he eache 's a i ude owa d him. 61) No om
no om also changes ou a i ude owa ds i . 62) The libe y hey de ended was
he libe y o ac a hei own disc e ion wi h ega d o o he s. Conside ing
ha he use in ela ion o he example 62 is also in luenced by a bi a y
seman ics, i becomes clea why in he examples 63[…]65 i is chosen o use ins ead
o he con en -complian p e e ence o o because o he cons uc ion wi h
he opinion, posi ion […]3. he ollowing pa ag aph is added: he opinion, he
decision in p inciple (DLKŽe). The example also shows ha he con ex a ec s
he use o he design. 63) Many, mysel and many o ou pa y membe s ha e a e y clea opinion
wi h ega d o Palecki.
64) – Ką gi? – Apie jūsų d augą Mozę. Jo a ž ilgiu aš susida iau i ą
he opinion.
65) Wha is he o icial posi ion o he Chu ch oday wi h ega d o he Jews?
LORETA VAIČIULYTĖ-SEMĖNIENĖ
262 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The use o he e m "poli ics" in he con ex o he managemen o s a e a ai s,
he heo y and p ac ice o poli ics as an aspec o heo y, ideology, obse a ion,
ikaʼ (DLKŽe). Kalbė ojas pasi ink u žymėjimu, a kim, 66 pa yzdyje ak uali-
al hough i does no exclude ha such a designa ion gene alizes and speaks o he
p ac ical aspec o poli ics
(See also 67).
66) To he ques ion whe he Moscow now belie es ha he p e ious policy
owa ds he Wes was oo lenien .
67) Howe e , he long and pain ul his o y o […]Mažeikių na os[…] aises
doub s as o whe he Li huania's policy owa ds Russia will be based on p agma ism.
6. The Polish Village
As men ioned abo e, he main di e ence be ween ee membe s and op ional ac s
is ha hey do no ha e suppo in he seman ic alue s uc u e o he p edica e
o he sen ence, hey do no ealize any seman ic ac s a he logical seman ic
le el. In he case o he polynomial, he cons uc ion is a ee membe o he
p edica e. Howe e , as men ioned ea lie , i is he syn ac ic ac equi ed by one o
he p edica es o he alen ine ac an s (neapykan a) (neapykan a in ela ion o
Jews (plg. Jews). In o he wo ds, in e ms o he sen ence le el, he cons uc ion
is a ee membe , in he compound le el […] he alence ac an . 68) Howe e , no all
he hinke s o he Enligh enmen we e bene olen owa d Jews. Mos o hem,
al hough hey c i icized he old adi ions, bu in e ms o Jews
laikėsi neapykan os.
F om he poin o iew o alency, when alking abou ee membe s in he sen ence,
hey a e assigned a ee bene icia y ( ok. eie Da i ). I is, in he opinion o N.
Sližienė (1994: 39), an elemen o he syn ac ic s uc u e o he sen ence " iew",
meaning a pe son o hing in e es ed in he ac ion o which some hing happens
(bene icien ). Axelis Hol oe as and Vesla a Čižik-P okaše a (2005: 81[…]92) discuss ou
ypes o ee use s: he commodi da i us, he sympa he ic da i us, he e hical
da i us, and he judicial da i us. The au ho s (Hol oe , Čižik-P okaše a 2005: 83, 86, 88,
90) in e p e he da i us commodi as he en i onmen o he bene icia y, he
o suskaidymo a ejį, da i us e hicus sieja su disku su i laiko sakinio aplinkybe.
da i us sympa he icus […] as an a gumen . They (Hol oe , Čižik-P okaše a 2005: 90, 92)
a gue ha […]da i us iudican is is seman ically demanded and syn ac ically
con olled[…], […]bu i is con olled wi hou ac ion[…]. Agnieszka Rembiałkowska (2009: 159[…]161) is based on he no el by Simon
A icles o he T ea y
A ž ilgiu kons ukcija alen ingumo aspek u
Diko (Dik 1997) p oposes ha unc ional g amma heo y solu ions and s a i ied
seman inės sakinio s uk ū os koncepcija i , ap a dama ski ingus lais uosius
use s a e "classi ied [...] based on hei scope" c i e ia (Rembiałkowska 2009: 149).
[…]Types o exemp bene icia ies a e dis inguished p ima ily by [...] he le el o
p edic ion wi h which hey o m a close uni and he le el o p edic ion wi h
which he e ec s o hei mani es ed p edic ion a e limi ed[…] (Rembiałkowska
2009: 149 […] 150). On his basis, he "da i us sympa he icus encoded possessi e
meaning appea s a he le el o he cen al p edic ion, he da i us commodi
incommodi encoded bene icen maleen meaning" (p. 167 […]168) should belong o he
"ex ended p edic ion" (p. 16 […]da i us iudican us meaning a he le el o he
[codi ied] p oposi ion, he da i us e hicus a he le el o he e bal ac (p. 16
[…]268).
The ac ha he da i us commodi incommodi, which e e s o a pe son o hing
o whose bene i o disad an age an ac ion is pe o med o some hing is, is a
ela ed cons uc ion, is seen in 69[…]70 examples (and whe e g amma ically a - 69)
ž ilgiu susijęs su humaniškas, neu alus, nega y us, pasy us, sa anaudiškas; aika,
sup a ingumas, neu alumas, nežmoniškumas; niekinamai, niekingai i k .).
Wha does his sense o sel -wo h consis o ? Simply pu , i can be said ha […]
o all he eelings and hough s ha we eel abou ou sel es (i.e. ou sel es, in
ou sel es).
I' e me many g ea a is s in my li e, bu I' e ne e me one who was so abs ac and unambiguously
objec i e abou himsel . The mos common unc ion o he ee da i us iudican is […] […]is o indica e a
sys em o e alua ion by which i can be judged whe he a ce ain a ibu e is igh ly a ibu ed o
someone wi h socially accep ed o implied e alua ion s anda ds[…] (Rembiałko ska 2009: 156). The la e
mis. Po eikis nu ody i e inimo sis emą a si anda no in pab ėž i, kad ji ne-
is he le el o he p oposi ion ela ed o he pe cei e da i us iudican is, as seen in 71[…]72 o
panabjau u, nehigieniška, nee iška, nemandagu, pado u, nede ama, e c. also changed in e ms o
cons uc ion. The le el o he sen ence ha co esponds o a "possible ac " 24 is de ined by he
šiuose pa yzdžiuose su ciniškas, p asmingas, nee iškas; ambi alen iškumas; ge ai,
"pa ame e s o he in e nal" elemen a y si ua ion a he le el o he "co e p edic ion"
(Rembiałkowska 2009: 160). 25 A he le el o ex ended p edic ion […] he ime, place, cause, pu pose, e c.
o he elemen a y si ua ion is speci ied.[…] The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h
he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. 26 A he le el o a
p oposi ion, o s a emen , […] he speake 's iew o an elemen a y si ua ion is p esen ed[…]
The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
LORETA VAIČIULYTĖ-SEMĖNIENĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII is he 264 h
i ku p is a omas kalbė ojo požiū is į elemen a iąją si uaciją (plg. Dik 1997:
68), he da i us iudican is speci ies he condi ions o he alidi y o he claim (Rembiałko ska 2009:
163).
71) Tha would be unjus […] unjus in all espec s!
72) Ta o alga sumažės ben d igubai, be ki aip negalima, bū ų ne eisinga ki 
a ž ilgiu.
Add o he basis o he ma e ial discussed wha is men ioned a he beginning o
he a icle: polinksniškasis is used in he sense o ins ead o he condi ion o he
e ec s (e ec s). This can be seen in he example o 73. The la e modi ie s,
ma ked in e ms o he polynomial cons uc ion, do no en e he nuclea
p edica ion o he sen ence and o m he co e p edica ion. The i s -o de
modi ie s associa ed wi h he p edica e o he same sen ence (e.g., p o o ype,
me hod, quali y, e c.) modi y he main p edica e, i.e., an e en , o , acco ding o S.
Dickin, a nuclea p edic ion, a s a e o a ai s (see also Example 74, whe e a
cons uc ion is said o be he basis o a polynomial).
73) The nomina i e mo pheme pe o ming he nomina i e unc ion is nei he
concep ually no (mo )phologically au onomous. 74) A ce ain a ini y o
geome ic a and epoch can be disce ned in e ms o bo h idea and o m.
The polynomial is a second-le el modi ie ha is used o indica e he loca ion, ime,
and esul o a sen ence.
a o, ikslo, p iežas ies i pan. a ž ilgiu (Dik 1997: 243–244), leidžia kalbė i
75[…]76 examples.
(Lamsa) Ma y had al eady made i clea ha she was p egnan . . . . Wha a e his
ambi ions o he young c ea u e?
76) I hank you once again o he e o s you ha e made owa ds me, bu ,
un o una ely, he e a e no esul s ye .
7. NAME and su name
In he case o 600 DLKT examples wi h a polynomial cons uc ion, i can be seen
ha his cons uc ion is used bo h ins ead o he wo d alen ine acan hus and as
a ee membe . F om he poin o iew o alency, he ma e ial unde s udy allows
he ollowing co ela ions o be cons uc ed:
In ela ion o he polynomial, he cons uc ion as a ee membe is used a he
le el o he cen al, ex ended p edica e and p oposi ion. In e ms o alency, he
A icles and a icles 265
A ž ilgiu kons ukcija alen ingumo aspek u
ee use (o p e e ence o he cons uc ion) is associa ed wi h polynomial
sis a ž ilgiu y a lais asis na ys, ku is a i inka pe cipien ą a ba bene icien ą. Tais
equa ions, whe eas in e ms o he cons uc ion, he ee membe in he
sen ence goes (build, ounda ion, eason) a ound, i is associa ed wi h he
p e ix, p e e ence cons uc ions.
In ela ion o he polynomial, he cons uc ion om he ee membe s (p edica e,
sen ence modi ie (applica ions)) is he one ha has mo ed o he place o he wo d
alen ine ac s (go e nmen al (non-objec i e) objec s). Acco ding o he
communica i ely necessa ily polynomial ela ion, he cons uc ion o he analogy o
he ee membe s o he signs is o choose o ma k he co esponding ac an s o he
seman ic alency o he wo d. In he case o Polinsky, he cons uc ion is he
necessa y alen ine ac o he p edica e: he wo meanings o he same lexeme wi h
di e en alen ines (e.g. co ec i e […] mandagus, ac ic […] (BLKŽ), e.g. He was (in my
case) (e.g. wi h me) a co ec i e […] (DLKT), and co ec i e […] co ec , consis en , e.g.
he Cons i u ional Cou has no exp essed i s opinion, he S a u e o he Sejm is no
conside ed a documen con a y o he main law o he coun y. (DLKT) is used. In he
case o a polynomial, he cons uc ion is chosen o be used ins ead o he lexema o
he alen ines (p obably unc ions and op ional) in cases whe e hey co espond o
he pe cei e , he bene icia y o he con en s. Then, in he sen ence, he
cons uc ion changes he bene icia y o he ancilla y (wi h, o, abou , because)
cons uc ion in ela ion o he indi ec objec , ma king he ac o ; The subjec may
co espond o he pe cei e , he pa ien , he agen . Wi h ega d o he polynomial,
he cons uc ion ends o be used in cases whe e he lexeme conside s he pe cei e
o be he co esponding syn ac ic ac an o he subjec .
Pe cep i i y has an impac on he ac ha e en wi h he ac ions o he ac i e ac ion, he ac o
he bene icia y, which is ypically ma ked by he use , is changed in ela ion o he polynomial
cons uc ion. The bene icia y shall be alloca ed (linked o be alloca ed) o be upda ed and ma ked
o ac i e ac ion. In iew o his, he e is eason o belie e ha he seman ic ac an
co esponding o he less ypical bene icien o he pe cep ual p edica es will be ma ked in se e al
syn ac ic o ms: use and o polynomial in ela ion o he cons uc ion. In ela ion o he
polynomial, he o osene is ela ed o he lexeme's (in) ansi i i y and he subjec 's
(non)agen i i y. The ca ego ical p ope ies o a lexeme ac on he mo phosyn ax o he seman ic
ac (bene icien , pa ien , con en o) ha co ela es wi h he indi ec objec ( he ma ke , he
p e ix o, abou o e c. cons uc ions and o in ela ion o he polynomial cons uc ion). The
p e ix-con olled syn ac ic ac an can only be deno ed by a polynomial cons uc ion (e.g., I is
dange ous (and 27 Plg. men al ecipien ( okal men ale Rezipien ) in he sense o Hen schel (2001:
183), Ba els (2005:
106–107).

LORETA VAIČIULYTĖ-SEMĖNIENĖ
266 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII
nepalankiai jo ilči a ž ilgiu) (plg. *i nepalankiai jo il ims) susimąs ęs pa-
I 's called he DLKT. Seman ically and g amma ically necessa y may also be he
cons uc ion o he noun equi ed in ela ion o he polynomial (e.g. Ge man
disc imina ion in ela ion o hem, *Ge man hei disc imina ion). In hose cases
whe e he aspec o a i ude as a poin o iew is explici o implici in he meaning
o he lexeme i sel (e.g., enemies […] […]2. un iendly, bowing o ano he bad pe son
(DLKŽe); opposi e […] 4. which o he ymas, de e mina ion o which in ela ion o
pažiū ų, ned augiškai nusi eikęs, p iešiškasʼ (LKŽe); despo izmas – ‘2. aldin-
gumas i sa i alė aplinkinių a ž ilgiuʼ (BLKŽe), nuo aika – ‘3. pp . pl. nusis a-
wha soe e (LKŽe, e c.), i may be inclined o necessa y o ma k […] o use he
polynesian cons uc ion in ela ion o (plg. Acco ding o he common mood o he
Li huanian na ion ega ding Jews, applied o he Silesian peasan , hings we e
augh in his way. (DLKT) is used. Acco ding o he analogy app oach, he a i ude
(usually wi h pe cep ion p edica es) is ma ked e en in cases whe e he meaning o
he lexeme does no indica e his aspec . The a i ude, he a i ude aspec ,
ma ked by a polynomial cons uc ion, ela ed o non-con o mi y (e.g., Can I expec
my sha e o he indulgences o come om you mind i I hones ly con ess ha I
ha e sinned agains you)? (DLKT) is used.
ŠALTINIAI
BLKŽe – Bend inės lie u ių kalbos žodynas, y . ed. D. Liu ke ičienė, Vilnius:
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 2013–2022. P ieiga in e ne e: h ps://ekalba.l /
bend ines-lie u iu-kalbos-zodynas/.
DLKT – Daba inės lie u ių kalbos eks ynas, Kaunas: Vy au o Didžiojo uni e si e as.
P ieiga in e ne e: h p:// eks ynas. du.l / eks ynas/.
DLKŽe – Daba inės lie u ių kalbos žodynas, 8-as pa ais. i papild. leidimas, y . ed.
S . Keinys, e. a ian as, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 2021. P ieiga in e ne e:
h ps://ekalba.l /daba ines-lie u iu-kalbos-zodynas/.
LKŽe – Lie u ių kalbos žodynas 1–20 (1941–2002), ed. kolegija G. Nak inienė,
J. Paulauskas, R. Pe okienė, V. Vi kauskas, J. Zaba skai ė, y . ed. G. Nak inienė,
e. a ian as, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 2005 (a naujin a e sija 2018). P ieiga
in e ne e: h ps://ekalba.l /lie u iu-kalbos-zodynas/.
LITERATŪRA
Ágel Vilmos 2000: Valenz heo ie, Tübingen: Gun e Na Ve lag.
S aipsniai / A icles 267
A ž ilgiu kons ukcija alen ingumo aspek u
Akelai is Gin au as 2005: Kons ukcijos su a ž ilgiu, požiū iu adminis acinėje kal-
boje. – Kalbos kul ū a 78, 67–78.
Ba els Hauke 2005: Da i ode P äposi ion: Zu Ma kie ungs a ian ion im Kon ex
adjek i ische P ädika e im Deu schen, Russischen und Polnischen (S udia Sla ica
Oldenbu gensia 12), Oldenbu g: BIS-Vlg.
Cha e Wallace 1983: Чейф У. Память и вербализация прошлого опыта [Pamja ’ i
e balizacija p ošlogo opy a]. – Новое в зарубежной лингвистике [No oe za ubežnoj
ling is ike] 12, 35–73.
Dik Simon C. 1997: The Theo y o Func ional G amma . Pa 1: The S uc u e o he
Clause, Second, e ised edi ion, ed. by K. Henge eld, Be lin, New Yo k: Mou on de
G uy e .
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LORETA VAIČIULYTĖ-SEMĖNIENĖ
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Cons uc ion wi h a ž ilgiu om he
Pe spec i e o Valency
Summa y
The a icle add esses he cons uc ion wi h pos posi ional espec om he pe spec i e o
alency. I d aws on 600 examples collec ed om The Co pus o Con empo a y Li huanian
Language, which was de eloped a he Cen e o Compu a ional Linguis ics o Vy au as
Magnus Uni e si y is loca ed in Kaunas.
I appea ed ha he cons uc ion wi h pos posi ional espec is used in a sen ence bo h
ins ead o he alen ac an s o he wo d and as ee elemen s. da i e (o he cons uc ion
As a ee elemen , he cons uc ion wi h pos posi ional a ž ilgiu is ela ed o he ee
wi h he p eposi ion su), p eposi ional cons uc ions, ad e b; They a e used a he co e,
ex ended and p oposi ional le el.
A icles o he T ea y
A ž ilgiu kons ukcija alen ingumo aspek u
The e is a endency o use he cons uc ion wi h pos posi ional meaning ins ead o he alen
(manda o y and acul a i e) ac an s o he lexeme whe e hey co espond o he unc ions o
he pe cei e , bene icia y o con en i e. In such a case, he cons uc ion wi h espec used as
an indi ec objec eplaces he da i e o he ac an exp essed by a p eposi ional (su, in o,
abou , because) cons uc ion; he subjec co esponds o he pe cipien , pa ien , agen . The
cons uc ion wi h pos posi ional espec is p e e ed when he lexeme deno es he syn ac ic
ac an o he subjec co esponding o he pe cei e . A bene icia y is speci ied ( ends o be
speci ied) in o de o highligh and ma k a s a e o an ac i e ac ion.
The usage o pos posi ional a ž ilgiu pe ains o he (in) ansi i i y o he lexeme and he
(non) agency o he subjec .
The ca ego ical p ope ies o he lexeme a ec he mo phosyn ac ic ma king o he
The seman ic ac an co ela ing o he indi ec objec (by he da i e, cons uc ions wi h
he p eposi ions o, abou , e c. and o he cons uc ion wi h pos posi ional espec ).
Deli e ed on 21 Oc obe 2022
LORETA VAIČIULYTĖ-SEMĖNIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
The Commission shall be empowe ed o
adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.