S aipsniai / A icles 177
JOLANTA VASKELIENĖ
Vilniaus uni e si e o Šiaulių akademija
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The di ec ions o scien i ic esea ch a e wo d making,
mo phology, ex linguis ics, s ylis ics.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading
DAIKTAVARDŽIŲ IR
BŪDVARDŽIŲ VEDINIŲ
NAUJADARŲ TIPAI
P oduc i e Types o Noun
and Adjec i e Neologisms
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle analyzes he inno a ions in he use o wo ds and adjec i es, collec ed om
Li huanian au ho s' ex s, belonging o he ypes o p oduc i e wo k, wi h addi ions. (The
inno a ions a e conside ed in o he sou ces […] Common Li huanian Dic iona y, Con empo a y
Li huanian Dic iona y, Li huanian Dic iona y and […] Un eco ded Wo ks in he Li huanian Dic iona y
Supplemen a y A chi e.) The s udy is based on he analysis o 374 new wo ds belonging o he six
ypes o cons uc ion o nouns and adjec i es: he a icle discusses he abs ac o
p eposi ions -imas -imas and - is o e bs, he abs ac o p eposi ions -umas, -ybė, -ys ė o
adjec i es, as well as he abs ac o p eposi ions -iškas, - būda a džiai. The aim o he s udy is
o unco e he peculia i ies o he making, seman ics and usage o hese ypes o inno a ions.
The da a o he empi ical analysis a e compa ed wi h he desc ip ions o hese ypes o
wo d-making gi en in wo d-making shops and g amma s, as well as wi h he obse a ions o
esea che s o he Li huanian language's new ocabula y. Some ecommenda ions o
lexicog aphe s a e gi en. ESMINIAI WORDS: he no el y, he ype o he wo k, he p oduc i i y, he con en , he knowledge, he con en , he p omise, he (po en ial) basic wo d.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle analyses he noun and adjec i e neologisms o he p oduc i e ypes o wo d
o ma ion made wi h su ixes and collec ed om he ex s o Li huanian au ho s.
JOLANTA VASKELIENĖ
178 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
(neologisms a e de i a i es no eco ded in he suppo ing sou ces […] Dic iona y o he
S anda d Li huanian Language, Dic iona y o he Mode n Li huanian Language, Dic iona y ypes
o he Li huanian Language and Supplemen Ca alogue o he Dic iona y o he Li huanian
Language). The s udy is based on he da a o he analysis o 374 neologisms belonging o six
o he o ma ion o nouns and adjec i es. The a icle discusses he abs ac s o e bs wi h he
su ixes -imas, -ymas and - is, he abs ac s o nominals wi h he su ixes -umas, -ybė, -ys ė, as
well as he adjec i es wi h he su ix -iškas, -a. The esea ch aims o e eal he peculia i ies o
he o ma ion, seman ics and use o hese ypes o neologisms. The da a om he empi ical
analysis ha e been compa ed wi h he desc ip ions o hese ypes o o ma ion p esen ed in
wo d o ma ion wo ks and g amma s, as well as wi h he insigh s om compound base wo ds.
o he esea che s o he Da abase o Neologisms o he Li huanian language. The a icle
p o ides some ecommenda ions o lexicog aphe s.
KEYWORDS: neologism, ype o wo d o ma ion, p oduc i i y, de i a i e,
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
The ype o wo k is he o mal and seman ic scheme o abs ac wo ds. The ype o wo k is
ealized by conc e e wo ks ha coincide wi h he h ee main dis inc i e ea u es o he wo k: 1)
he ca ego ical meaning o he wo k, 2) he pa o he basic wo ds o he language (o pa s), 3)
he o m o he wo k. The ype o wo k is a "de ailed common cha ac e is ic o he ca and he
al eady o med wo ds, and a p og am o he o ma ion o u u e inno a ions" (LKE 129; Keinys
1999: 107; U bu is 2009: 293308; plg. Soida 2009: 5661). Some ypes o cons uc ion ha e gi en many
de i a i es, acco ding o o he s only one o he wo d has been made. Usually, no els a e also made
acco ding o he exis ing ypes o w i ing, which a e mo e o less p esen in bo h w i en and
spoken language, in a ious ex s. Many o he cu en languages inno a ions a e gi en in he
cons an ly illed Li huanian languages inno a ions duomeny (ND). ND published new wo ds (including
newcome s) ha e ecei ed he a en ion o esea che s in ecen yea s (Mu mulai y ė 2021;
Aleksai ė 2022; Newcome s selec ed om Li huanian au ho s' ex s a e he subjec o his
s udy1). (Newspape s a e conside ed in he e e ence sou ces: The cu en Li huanian language
apie duomenyną i jo y imo galimybes da ž . Mu mulai y ė 2016;
Miliūnai ė 2015; 2018).
dic iona y con ains app oxima ely 1,500 di e en wo ks o newspape s, ound by a ious
Li huanian au ho s in se e al dozen books, bu he lis o sou ces indica es only hose books om
which samples a e p o ided in he a icle (a sho and a page o he book is w i en as an example).
I should be no ed ha he newcome s a e collec ed manually by means o obse a ion
A icles o he 179 h A icle
P oduk y ieji daik a a džių i būd a džių
edinių naujada ų ipai
(DLKZ), he Join Dic iona y o Li huanian Language (BLKZ), he Dic iona y o
Li huanian Language (LKZ) and he Supplemen a y Dic iona y o Li huanian
Language (LKZPK) […] un eco ded wo ks.) The aim o he a icle is o ind ou
which ypes o p e ixed nouns and adjec i es a e he mos p oduc i e, how his
co ela es wi h exis ing insigh s in o he ypes o nouns and adjec i es, and o
discuss he peculia i ies o he p oduc ion and use o nouns. The wo k is based on
da a om a su ey o 374 new wo ds (o which 194 a e nouns and 180 adjec i es)
belonging o six ypes o w i ing. Tasks: 1) o selec om Li huanian au ho s'
ex s and a i icially analyze he da a o newcome s he mos common
i būd a džių edinių g upes; 2) ap a i da iesiems ipams p iklausančius
naujada us da ybos, seman ikos i a osenos aspek ais, 3) siekian užčiuop i
endencies o newcome -speci ic newcome -speci ic newcome -speci ic
newcome -speci ic newcome -speci ic newcome -speci ic newcome -speci ic
ezul a ais. Pasaky ina, kad su ink a empi inė medžiaga pi miausia naudojama
newcome -speci ic newcome -speci ic newcome -speci ic newcome -speci ic
newcome -speci ic newcome -speci ic newcome -speci ic newcome . The use o
c ea i e, seman ic, ex analysis me hods, in e p e a ion, calcula ion me hods,
e c. a e used in he wo k. The s udy ollows an induc i e pa h om he analysis o speci ic e en s o he obse a ions o a gene alizing na u e. Some ecommenda ions o lexicog aphe s a e gi en.
The e m "syn he ic" is used o desc ibe a g oup o wo ds ha a e no syn he ic in na u e, bu
a he a e syn he ic in na u e, and he e m "syn he ic" is used o desc ibe a g oup o wo ds ha
a e no syn he ic in na u e. - "Syn he ic," In o he wo ds, he ques ion o g oupness is aised, i.e. i is
equi ed ha he con en no only has a keywo d (keywo d wo ds), bu also a epe i i e o man in
o he wo ks (and he me hod […] when analyzing beau i ul wo ks, essays and li e a y ex s is sough
o wo ks ha could no be eco ded in o he wo ks. The p elimina y lis o inno a ions (in en o y)
was made and la e e ised. O cou se, any wo d ha is no included in he dic iona y may come up
when collec ing empi ical ma e ial by hand. I should be no ed ha he e is no au oma ed sea ch o
new wo ds in he ex s, and he ND is also a da abase o new wo ds accumula ed manually, bu his
does no p e en schola s om s udying he lexical uni s gi en in i and p o iding summa y insigh s
abou he s a e o Li huanian language new wo ds and abou new polynomials.
JOLANTA VASKELIENĖ
180 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII only i i is conside ed o ep esen any
ype o wo k. I is conside ed which cha ac e is ic […] quan i a i e, quali a i e o
bo h […] is mo e impo an when alking abou p oduc i i y, and he phenomenon o
analogy is no o e looked (a en ion is d awn o he ac ha new wo ds a e
made by analogy wi h eal, p esen ). Howe e , p oduc i i y is usually measu ed in
quan i ies, o in ens and hund eds o uni s. Thus, he p oduc i i y o he
požymis, . y. p oduk y iu a ba da iu laikomas ipas, ku io pa yzdžiu suda y a
synch onous wo d-making ype is now usually unde s ood as he ype's abili y o
go o he example o wo d-making, i s abili y o gi e ( eal o po en ial) inno a ions
(U bu is 2009: 309[…]310; Keinys 1999: 107; see Plag 2003: 55; Booij 2005: 68; see also
Baayen 1991; Baue 2001; Plag 2006; Liebe , Š ekaue 2014: 6783; Soida 2009: 63).
Languages ha ha e he wo ds "doing" ha e ypes o p oduc i e and
non-p oduc i e (o doing and no doing) doing. In some languages, he use o he
e b " o do" is mo e common han in o he s, and in some languages, he use o he
e b " o do" is less common han in o he s.In Li huanian, o example, i is possible
o make a compound om each e b wi h he p e ix -imas o i s a ian -imas3
ha is eco ded in lexicog aphic sou ces o ha is made du ing he communica ion
p ocess, while o he ypes o e bs can be conside ed as p oduc i e and o en as
po en ial e bs.
nepasižymi4. Be o, kai ku akcen uojama, kad bū en naujada ai i y a puikus
p oduk y umo odiklis (B own 2005: 8421). I iš ies naujada ai dažnai p iklauso
2.P oduc s and p oduc s
Types o household appliances
Analysis o he collec ed empi ical ma e ial e ealed ha mos o he new wo ds belong o a ew ypes
o objec wo ds and one ype o adjec i e. In he second a icle, we ollow he p o isions o Vinco
U bucio's (2009) and he main subjec , deciding whe he a wo d is a (non) gi , is conside ed o be he (non)
p esence o he base wo d (s). In his a icle, he p eposi ions -im abou -im a e conside ed o be
a ian s o he same p eposi ion, i.e. one ype o p oduc ion 4 p oduc i i y and di e en ypes o
(Jakai ienė, Laigonai ė, Paulauskienė 1976: 11; Amb azas 1993: 21–26; Mu mulai y ė 2021: 34).
p oduc ion p oduc i i y in di e en languages. The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is
compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. 5 A en ion
should be paid o he e ms po en ial wo ds and ac ual wo ds […] he i s is common and unde s ood in
he Li huanian language as well, while he second es ablished (all he same used) e m in he Li huanian
language does no exis , we a e alking abou eal, exis ing, ixed in lexicog aphic sou ces, sys ema ic wo ds and so on.
A icles o he T ea y
P oduk y ieji daik a a džių i būd a džių
edinių naujada ų ipai
2.1. P iesaginių daik a a džių p oduk y iųjų
Manu ac u e in which he alue o all he ma e ials used does no exceed 50% o he ex-wo ks p ice o he p oduc
All he main me hods o making and he mixed me hod o making a e ypical o he
Daik a a ds. Mos o hem a e p ecep s, he second place is occupied by he ends
o he Vedas, no less by he du s, and leas o all by he p ecep s o he Vedas (LKE
112[…]116, 121; Keinys 1999: 36; Ružė 2008: 58[…]71). In addi ion o he abo e-men ioned
cha ac e is ics, he e a e also ou een o he cha ac e is ics ha a e classi ied
as cha ac e is ics o he p oduc . A e analyzing he empi ical ma e ial, i
u ned ou ha he mos abundan g oups o no el y wo ds consis o i e ypes
o abs ac a (see igu e).
The PAV. Types o adjec i es
2.1.1. The wo ks o he ca ego y o abs ac wo ks (o names o ac ions) a e made wi h a ious
p e ixes and endings. This p oduc ion ca ego y includes a wide ange o p e-p oduc ion ypes, which
a e a anged acco ding o p oduc i i y as ollows: -imas, -ymas, - is, -esys, -ulys, -yba (-ybos), -smas,
-sena, - ynės and so on and so o h. LKG 1965: 289-297; DLKG 2005: 94-97; Keinys 1999: 39-41; 6 The e a e
hund eds o ypes o c a s in some c a ca ego ies, ele en o se e al ypes o c a s in o he s.
Types o design wo ds see The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he
in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU.

JOLANTA VASKELIENĖ
182 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII
plg. Amb azas 1993: 20–86). Naujada ų y imas odo okią pa da iausių ipų
In he ex s o a ious au ho s, mos o he e bs in abs ac s a e made wi h he
p e ixes -imas -imas7 (75 ediniai) and - is (14 edinių). P iesagos - schola ship -
schola ship newcome s o en ely on basic wo ds ixed in lexicological sou ces,
such as: apsimokslinimas (LKZ: apsimokslin i8 ‘kiekin is), o e u ning, u ning back,
blushing, g imacing, Naujada u apsimokslinimas (which means ‘acqui ing such
įsi asojimas, apmigdymas i k .9 Kai ku ių naujada ų leksinė eikšmė iš esmės
su ampa su da ybine ( ediniais iesiog daik iškai pa adinamas eiksmas),
p z.: išgy enusi in ensy aus [...] blūkčiojimo akimi kų SN92; eilė aščio
įbanga imo pi minis būdas R203; klegiojimas ils a KPN13; džiugaus i į eikaus
pa ada imo SRIV388; o anoji min elė [...] kaip [...] a klio ž angenimas A132.
knowledge) and i s basic e bs a e connec ed wi h g e imi, in addi ion, he
add esses also d aw a en ion o he punc ua ion (epi e ai): Tamsuoli
apsimokslimas. To be comple ely educa ed is o be unable o achie e nei he ue
knowledge no [...] he limi s o igno ance. Some -imas -imas a e abs ac ly
conc e e (used in plu al, ha e punc ua ion wo ds, e c.), e.g. in elligen b oadcas s
ia ele ision MP69; he child's bo edom is educed by KK88 ( he b oadcas s mos
likely mean […]smiling, qua elsome language[…], he b oadcas s […]shu down[…]).
Howe e , i should be no ed ha mo e o en he new wo ds wi h -imas-imas a e based on
po en ial […] basic wo ds no included in he dic iona y. D. Mu mulai y ė (2021: 35, 36[…]37) has also
poin ed ou ha he majo i y o he ND's -mas -mas edinių pama iniai eiksmažodžiai duomeny
a e no eco ded, al hough some o hem a e ac ually used. The mos common de i a i es o he
basic wo ds a e he de i a i es o he second s ep, e.g. he 7 h p eposi ion - he po ency o he
de i a i es is p esen in all he au ho s' ex s, and he amoun o he de i a i es depends on he
na u e o he wo k and on he unc ional and indi idual s yle. I should be said ha he numbe o
new wo ds is incompa ably less han he numbe o wo ds wi h -im. The o m o he oo wo d
ha he e b is based on di ec ly is chosen, and i , o example, he s ems o all he main o ms o
8 P ie pi mojo naujada o nu odomas i pama inis žodis, o p ie olesnių jis dažniausiai nebe ašomas.
he e b coincide, i is w i en bend a is. The sou ce o he meaning o he wo ds is indica ed, and
he meaning o he new wo ds is explained as unde s ood by he au ho o he a icle. BLK, we' e
being esco ed.
DLKŽ, LKŽ, LKŽPK neuž iksuo ų naujada ų pama inių žodžių ašoma ž aigždu ė (*), pa yz-
džiai pa eikiami ku sy u, naujada as pa yškinamas, o žodžiai, į ku iuos no ima a k eip i dėmesį,
9 The basic wo ds gi en in he lexicological sou ces a e also used o e e o o e doing, o e h owing,
o e h owing, ai h ulness, obedience, Li huanianiza ion, ma e ializa ion, b eaking, li ing, lowe ing,
o e h owing, o e h owing, o e h owing, o e h owing, o e h owing, o e h owing, o e h owing,
o e h owing, o e h owing, o e h owing, o e h owing. I should be no ed ha he in oduc ion and
hy hm o Vedas a e no ound in he A am dic iona ies, bu hey a e eco ded in bilingual dic iona ies.
S aipsniai / A icles 183
P oduk y ieji daik a a džių i būd a džių
edinių naujada ų ipai
In he case o a Membe S a e, he Commission shall, by means o implemen ing ac s, adop implemen ing
ac s laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The ac ions o he 2nd s age o he
p ocess o elimina ion (*ac ion: luck) and he use o he keiksmažodžia o (*ac ion: keiksmažodžia o) a e
based on he ac ions o he keiksmažodžad (‘enabling) and he use o he keiksmažodžad (‘ac ing) p o ided
by he ND. Some o he inno a ions wi h -imas Some o he inno a ions a e hi d-deg ee de i a i es, such as
en e ing (: *įsilaikin i: *laikin i(s): ime), celeb a ing (: *š en žodžia o: *š en žodis: holy, wo d)11. By he
way, in he ex s o Donald Kajok, bo h he new wo d "holy wi nessing" (klampaus š en žodžia imo ibą
MRR39) and i s base wo d "holy wi nessing" (Š en i i sykiu š en žodžiaujan ys žodžiai? K222) a e used. I is
also easy o econs uc he 3 d s age o he newly-de eloped shudde chain o p oduc ion: shudde :
*shudde ed: *shudde ed: shudde ed, shudde ed. Al hough i is di icul o unde s and he meaning o he
second and hi d phases o he new wo ds om he po en ial base wo ds, he con ex and he ai ly clea
chain o ac ion o his R216 (in he old example, he a en ion o he add essee is d awn o he wo ds wi h
he oo ph ases) a e clea . Some o he new wo ds ha ely on po en ial basic e bs a e used in he
plu al, so hey end o be speci ic, e.g. keiksmažodžia imai can be unde s ood as […]keiksmai,
keiksmažodžiai[…], and pik aakia imai as […]pik i ž ilgsniai[…]: Wi h hei [...] Keiksmažodžia imais AŽII201;
užduo į paleng ina: Apsaugo i nuo [...] nuliaudėjimo AŽII220; sugal ojo slap ą
žodį – pasilabanak inimas KE200; Kalbos skambėjimas y a i sąskambėjimas
Mažiau klas ų, pik a imakia[…] AŽII207. The meaning o he poem becomes clea e only when you ead he
en i e wo k, which is accompanied by Ta y um iš ai plunksnas jam peši. And you' e going down wi h him,
JSI393. The seman ics o he New Tes amen some imes allow o he p ope iden i ica ion o he oo
wo d, e.g. i is clea ha he abs ac wo d b ead (duonė) is based on he po en ial oo wo d (duona) 12:
Yes, i was no he s oning o b ead, bu he s oning o s one K288 (a en ion should be paid o he
abs ac wi h he epe i ion o -imas and o he unusual compound o he wo ds b ead o s one […] in
Li huanian me apho ically says ha b ead becomes s one, bu no he opposi e […]). Some imes he 10 Tokie
po encinis pama inis eiksmažodis nusakalė i i ku iame sakal- šaknį u in ys
leksikos iene ai a lieka eks o siejimo unkciją: I pasiėmęs sakalą an ankų /
is also a whis le, a whis leblowe , a whis leblowe , a whis leblowe , a whis leblowe , a whis leblowe , a
whis leblowe .
11 Tokie y a i į eks inimas, nusakalėjimas, pasilabanak inimas, s ibuka imas.
12 No s LKŽ y a eiksmažodis duonė is („ el is duona“), kon eks as odo, kad abs ak as duonėjimas
is no based on i , bu is made om b ead, which means " o u n b ead", which in u n is de i ed
om he wo d b ead.
JOLANTA VASKELIENĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII equi es a la ge con ex o unde s and he
wo ks and meaning o he new wo k, e.g. he new wo k s ibuka imas leksinė aplinka
(už mano s ibuka imą da ė man p iku y Č112) allows us o unde s and ha i is
abou he exis ence o a s ibu, so he econs uc ion o he o de o he s eps o
he new wo k is as ollows: s ibuka imas: *s ibuka o: *s ibukas: s ibas.
Some o he new e bs a e based on basic e bs ha ha e a p e ix o non-13, such
as "no wan ing", "no li ing", "no gi ing up". Such po en ial de i a i es can be
conside ed de i a i es wi h an unp eceden ed sequence o de i a i es14, i.e. he
newcome s could o m wo de i a i e opposi ions: non-disco e y (no -disco e y
desi e), non-li ing (no -li ing li e), non-disco e y (no -disco e y desi e) o
non-disco e y (no -disco e y desi e).
The abs ac o he e bs gi en in ND also mos o en has he p e ix -imas da a -imas […], acco ding o
a s udy by Dai os Mu mulai y ė (2021: 34-38) and Agnė Aleksai ės (2022) […]. Thus, i can be said ha -imas
-ymas is gene ally he mos common ype o abs ac no el y in wo ds. Thus, s udies o new wo ds in
a ious sou ces con i m Sauliaus Amb azo (1993: 21)'s asse ion ha […][p] iesagos -imasymas - ediniai
is he mos common ype o ac ion name c ea ion in bo h mode n and old Li huanian […]16. Bo h in he
mode n Li huanian language ... and in he ancien w i ings ... he ows acco ding o he Vedic numbe s
(Amb azas 1993: 42). This is he second in a se ies o s udies ha show he ND s udy (Aleksai ė 2022: 45,
49) and he analysis o he collec ed empi ical ma e ial. The absolu e majo i y o new wo ds wi h - is
-(s) is ediniai užima an ąją ie ą a p isų p iesaginių eiksmų pa adinimų
a e based on base wo ds ixed in lexicological sou ces, in addi ion, he e is an ob ious endency o
p eposi ions - is o be made om p eposi ions o e bs17 […] he non-opposi ional base wo d is based
on he new wo d o deny (: o deny), while o he s o make p eposi ions o a oid, o ge , accumula e,
ag ee, A new memo y no o be o go en is conside ed a memo y wi h an un esol ed o de o he
s ages o c ea ion. LKG (1965: 290 […] 291) s a es ha wi h he p e ix - is ac ions o be done 13
Sepa a e headings do no usually in ol e e bs wi h a nega i e in he ocabula y, because wi h a p e ix
eiksmažodžių: apgaub is, apmi is, a i e is, a liep is, a pi k is, įgaub is,
o pa ial o igin, no e bs can be made ou o each e b. 14 Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he
accompanying a icle. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in
he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. 15 Acco ding o A. Aleksai ės (2022: 45), mos ly in 20112019, he
ND eco ded new wo ds and is made wi h he p e ix -imas, and wi h he -ymas un eco ded. 16 Fo he
de i a i es o -imas -ymas in mode n Li huanian, see Mu mulai y ė in he yea 1997. 17 This can also be
seen om he N.D. sayings o he Vedas, such as: o abandon, o co e , o u n away, o ecognize, o
ejec , o inse , o p onounce, o e ase, o ex ac , o include, and so on.
A icles o he a icle 185
P oduk y ieji daik a a džių i būd a džių
edinių naujada ų ipai
he names a e usually mo e speci ic han he abs ac . The seman ics o mode n
imes con i ms his s a emen in pa . I is no uncommon o newcome s o e ain
he ca ego ical meaning o abs ac s ( he same meaning as abs ac s), e.g. The
game's apped expe ienced SS19; you go h ough all he ine i able s ages o he
s a ions: shock [...], apa hy. Dea h... DK145; blockade, causing [...] o be dep i ed o
e e y hing and e e yone K207; a el, oad, passenge wi hd awal E138; memb ane
wi hd awal TK73; pain would al eady be he beginning o edemp ion. O epu chase
he e he e K155 (a en ion o he epe i ion o inno a ion); K449; o a oid i means
dea h E235; which in i sel has absolu e denial E362; o u n away om people om
maldos i sukaup ies alandėlių K403; Su ik ies ame is o ka olius Jas136. Kai
whom he Vedic e ses indica e hem in conc e e e ms, e.g. a new ga he ing is
some imes a clea abs ac (e.g. a special ga he ing in a Li huanian wo ld iew [...] E73),
and some imes i comes close o he name o he esul o he ac ion (e.g. a ga he ing
o he uni e si y's his o ical-cul u al expe ience R82). The majo i y and he depu y
indica e mo e speci ically pe cei ed new ends o o ge ulness, o ge ulness:
The e, in he uninhabi ed Pami s ys, a heap is iding on he sho e o he K414 ocean.
la onai budi AŽII342; su i po / Nea miny AŽII111. Naujada as išgaub is
eikiausiai sup as inas ne iek kaip ‘iš(si)gaubimas’, o kaip ‘išsigaubian is
(banguojan is) anduo’: paž elgsime į apias [...] k iaukles, slap ingos išgaub ies
2.1.2. The ca ego y o abs ac wo ks o names (o abs ac wo ks o
p ope ies) is mo e common in he gene al language wi h 15 p eposi ions,
ano he 6 p eposi ions a e used only in ansla ions (Keinys 1999: 45), and he
mos common a e h ee p eposi ions: The Commission conside s ha he aid is
compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o
he T ea y. New analysis has e ealed ha abs ac nouns a e mos o en
used wi h he su ix -um (56 ediniai), ollowed by -ybė (36 ediniai) and he -ys ė
edinių g oup by he plu ali y o he hi d (13 ediniai).
Mos o en wi h he p e ix -um abs ac s a e made om adjec i es, pa icipan s and ( a ely)
om o he pa s o he language (see DLKG 2005: 100[…]101). The analysis o he no els
subs an ially con i ms his end: 49 no els a e made om adjec i es and 7 om pa icipan s.
The e is a endency o see no el y wi h he abili y o make om he p e ix -ishkas, -a con aining
adjec i es […] such a e 73% o all e bs. The p e ix -ishkas, he adjec i e -a gi en in he o iginal
lexicological sou ces, e.g. ege a ianism ( ege a ianism), ege a ianism, p esen -day
ege a ianism, musical ege a ianism, de ensi e ege a ianism, gulbishkism, c eeping
ege a ianism, 18 In ancien w i ings i was e y abundan - and -ism o he Vedas, and -ism o he
Vedas began o sp ead, when he i s dec eased (Amb ose 2000: 16, 8, 17, 21). 19 Wi h he p e ix
-um, you can make an abs ac o all quali a i e adjec i es.
JOLANTA VASKELIENĖ
192 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The g ea e ening […] and he passing hough s o MS439; Tokyo hei
one-dimensional wo ship GĮT131 and so on.43.
In some ex s, common oo wo ds a e epea ed o he same doe a ix is used,
e.g. Tha 's he way i is in Almodó a . The I ish like Almodó a . Ma y […] no KK35;
and […] he appea ance o he Beas […], whose name some hing e e yday, na u al,
ege able combined wi h ha which belongs o he mi acle
GT140. Wha is i ?
I should be no ed ha some BLKŽ, DLKŽ, LKŽ, LKŽPK un ixed -ishkas, -a
adjec i es a e qui e widely used in mode n Li huanian, e.g. he adjec i e
čiu lioniškas, -a44 is used in he ex s o se e al au ho s. In bilingual dic iona ies,
he wo ds hymn, couple , F ench, and sel -exp ession a e eco ded, as a e he
nouns, bu he e a e no basic wo ds o hem - einischkas, -aan schens, and
sel -exp ession is eco ded, as a e he nouns, bu he e a e no basic wo ds o
hem. Lexicog aphe s should pay a en ion o his he non-inclusion o some
wo ds in lexicog aphic wo ks can also be a hind ance. The name Shakespea e is
included in ND ( he e a e no o he new ex s).
O he , o a a con en , by weigh
1. The c ea ion o new wo ds ound in Li huanian au ho s' ex s s ill shows he
same p oduc i e ypes o p e ixed nouns and adjec i es, and he main ea u es
o he c ea ion o new wo ds emain unchanged.
2. New wo ds o all ypes o w i ing a e mos ly based on basic wo ds gi en in lexicog aphic sou ces, so
hey a e he i s -o de wo ds […] hey make up 77% o all new wo ds. 23% o new wo ds a e based on
po en ial keywo ds and a e mos commonly second-o de e bs. In addi ion o he abo e-men ioned,
he e a e also a numbe o simila i ies be ween he wo languages: he Ge manic language, which is
spoken by he majo i y o he popula ion, and he Ge manic language, which is spoken by he majo i y o
he popula ion, which is spoken by he majo i y o he popula ion, such as he Ge manic language, he
Ge manic language, he Ge manic language, he Ge manic language, he Ge manic language, he Ge manic
language, he Ge manic language, he Ge manic language, he Ge manic language, he Ge manic language,
he Ge manic language, he Ge manic language.
In he D.L.C.A. he e a e 67 ins ances o he adjec i e "chu lioniška" (chu lioniška) and " o osena" ( o osena).

S aipsniai / A icles 193
P oduk y ieji daik a a džių i būd a džių
edinių naujada ų ipai
In o de o gi e a speci ic name o an ac ion, lexical uni s a e usually c ea ed
acco ding o exis ing, common pa e ns o ac ion, and ha he sequence o
abs ac ac ion ypes gi en in he g amma emains he same.
3.2 The ypes o e nacula new wo ds acco ding o hei p oduc i i y a e also
o med as indica ed in he g amma s: - I was, i was, i was. In addi ion o he
y imas y a a skleidęs kiek ki okią da iųjų a iksų seką (-ys ė, -umas, -ybė,
ž . Aleksai ė 2022: 49–56), ys da iausi a dažodžių abs ak ų da ybos ipai
išlieka nepaki ę.
3.3. No s eiksmažodžių i a dažodžių abs ak ų naujada ai iš esmės
nesiski ia nuo ealių da inių, nemaža jų dalis da omi iš po encinių (į žodynus
abo e, he e a e also a numbe o non-na i e wo ds (e.g. "na i e" is 63%, "na i e" is 52% and "na i e" is 52%).
- he numbe o ma iages.
4. 1. The mos common ype o ad e b is he p e ix -ishkas, -a. This ype o ad e b
is mo e o en made up o li ing hings han o exp essing objec s (pe sonal
names, names o common pe sons o o he li ing hings), hey make up 60 pe cen
o all ad e bs, -ishkas, -a. The endency o ely no on he simples s uc u es (as
indica ed in wo d-making shops and g amma s) bu on he mos complex
mo phological s uc u es o basic wo ds. 4.2 The adjec i e -ishka, -a ype o
p oduc i i y is e idenced no only by he abundan use o adjec i es wi h -ishka,
-a no ada y in ex s, bu also by he abundance o po en ials -ishka, -a adjec i e
made -uma abs ac : - Sea ch, - and he new se lemen is based
45 pe cen o he newcome s.
5. F om he minimal o b oade con ex , he meanings o all ypes o inno a ion
become clea . Unde s anding he meaning is also helped by he p oduc i i y o he
ype, he knowledge o analogous eali ies (objec s ixed in wo ds). Thus, i
necessa y, a new wo d is c ea ed acco ding o ypical models, and he au ho o he
ex in which he new wo d is ound does no , in ac , use a compound no included in
6. No s didelę naujada ų dalį galima laiky i po enciniais da iniais, is dėl o
he lexicog aphic sou ces. some o hem a ac he a en ion o he add essee,
a e no ypical because o he po en ial base wo d o because o he un ypical
meaning. Some imes no ada s pe o m he unc ion o linking he ex , and a e
ealių da inių dėl da ybinio panašumo (ka ojamas as pa s da ybos a iksas),
a ojami keli bend ašakniai da iniai (ka ojama šaknis), a ojami analogiški
o en used because o a ious spellings: no ada s a e used alongside compound
wo ds (spelling compound model) and so on. A e y s ong endency in adjec i es wi h
-ishkas, -a o desc ibe a hing wi h an adjec i e means […] absolu e mos new wo ds
go by epi he s wi h a di ec o ansposed meaning. Some -ish, -a adjec i es a e used
as hidden compa isons (laiškiškas as a le e , pencils as a pencil). In addi ion, he
no ices wi h he -ishkas, -a glued he ex […] using he adjec i e, a he han he
JOLANTA VASKELIENĖ
194 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII
ą pa į eiškian į žodžių junginį, pasakoma umpiau i į aigiau, aigi eikia
app oxima e p inciple o economics.
8.1. 21 The e a e no new wo ds in BLKZ, DLKZ, LKZ, bu hey a e eco ded in
bilingual dic iona ies […] lexicog aphe s should pay a en ion o his and some
ypical e bs eco ded in bilingual dic iona ies and used in he cu en
language could be included in DLKZ o BLKZ. 10 new wo ds ha e al eady been
added o he ND ( ha is, hey a e used by o he au ho s).
8.2 The a en ion o lexicog aphe s should also be paid o cases whe e BLKŽ,
DLKŽ, LKŽ, LKŽPK o hei de i a i es a e gi en in bilingual dic iona ies bu do
no con ain hei base wo ds ( he dic iona ies ha e isa iškumas,
pa aidiškumas, žan iškumas, šeškiškiški, i uališki, bu do no ha e isa iški,
-a, pa aidiškas, -a, žan iškas, -a, šeškiškas, -a, i uališkas, -a).
D. Liu ke ičienė (edi o ), D. Mu mulai y ė, V. Sakalauskienė, A. G i ėnienė, A.
Gaidienė, D. Daugi dienė, L. Jonušys. D. Liu ke ičienė (edi o ), D. Liu ke ičienė
(edi o ), D. Mu mulai y ė, V. Sakalauskienė, A. G i ėnienė, A. Gaidienė, D. Daugi dienė,
L. Jonušys. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha
[žiū ė a 2022-06-09].
DLKT – Daba inės lie u ių kalbos eks ynas. P ieiga in e ne e: h p:// eks ynas. du.l /
o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
DLKŽ […] Con empo a y Li huanian language dic iona y, ed. S . Keynes, he eigh h
amendmen . and supplemen s. Published by he Li huanian Language Ins i u e, Vilnius,
2021. A ailable on he In e ne : h ps: ekalba.l
G […] The sea ch engine Google.
LKŽ […] Li huanian language dic iona y 1[…]20 (1941[…]2002), edi ed by he college G.
Nak inienė, J. Paulauskas, R. Pe okienė, V. Vi kauskas, J. Zaba skai ė, edi ed by This is G. Nak inienė,
e. a ian as, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 2005 (a naujin a e sija, 2018). P ieiga
in e ne e: www.lkz.l ; h ps://ekalba.l .
LKŽPK […] Addi ional dic iona y o he Li huanian language, Vilnius: Li huanian Language
Ins i u e, 2015. A ailable on he In e ne : h ps://ekalba.l
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. La ian language upda e da a [Tęs inis online
knowledge since 2011], sud. R. Miliūnai ė, Vilnius: Li huanian language ins i u e. The
Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26
o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his
Regula ion. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. VLE […] Uni e sal Li huanian Encyclopedia 1, Vilnius: Ins i u e o he Publishing o Science and Encyclopedias, 2001.
A icles by a icle 195
P oduk y ieji daik a a džių i būd a džių
edinių naujada ų ipai
ŠALTINIAI
A – Apu is Juozas 1986: Gegužė an nulūžusio be žo, Vilnius: Vaga.
AŽ – Žukauskas Albinas 1986: Rink iniai aš ai 1–2, Vilnius: Vaga.
Č – Čig iejus Hen ikas Algis 2011: I pa nešė apynio k apą, Vilnius: Lie u os ašy ojų
sąjungos leidykla.
DD – Sabaliauskai ė K is ina 2012: Danielius Dalba & ki os is o ijos, Vilnius: Bal os
lankos.
DK – Kalinauskai ė Danu ė 2015: Ske s ėjų namai, Vilnius: Ty o alba.
DRT – S aponku ė Dalia 2014: Iš d iejų enkuosi ečią, Vilnius: Apos o a.
E – Daujo y ė Vik o ija 2001: Esė apie poeziją i esimą, Vilnius: Lie u os ašy ojų
sąjungos leidykla.
GĮT – Daujo y ė Vik o ija 2017: G anas: į ūks an i ik o ė, Vilnius: Odilė.
Jas – Jasukai y ė Vidman ė 2002: Tik asis nebū ies eidas, Vilnius: Ei koma.
JS – S ielkūnas Jonas 2009: Ly ika. Rink inė 1–2, Vilnius: Lie u os ašy ojų sąjungos
leidykla.
K – Kajokas Donaldas 2002: Lie aus migla Lu kalne, Vilnius: Lie u os ašy ojų sąjungos
leidykla.
KE – Kajokas Donaldas 2012: Eže as i ki i jį lydin ys asmenys, Vilnius: Ty o alba.
KK – Ka aliauskai ė Ak ilė 2020: Kūnai, Vilnius: BALTO leidybos namai.
KM – Daujo y ė Vik o ija 2009: Kalba i jos menas, Vilnius: Lie u ių li e a ū os i
au osakos ins i u as.
KPN – Ka čiauskas Mykolas 2007: Kada pa siklausim namo, Vilnius: K on a.
LS – S aponku ė Dalia 2007: Lie umi p ieš saulę, Vilnius: Apos o a.
MP – Ma čėnas Aidas 2005: Pasauliai, Vilnius: Lie u os ašy ojų sąjungos leidykla.
MRR – Kajokas Donaldas 2000: Mi i eikia udenį, Vilnius: Lie u os ašy ojų sąjungos
leidykla.
MS – Ma inai is Ma celijus 1998: Sug įžimai, Vilnius: Ty o alba.
PI/II – Sabaliauskai ė K is ina 2021: Pe o impe a o ė II, Vilnius: Bal os lankos.
PM – Daujo y ė Vik o ija 2001: Pa ašy a mo e ų, Vilnius: Alma li e a.
R – Daujo y ė Vik o ija 2003: Raš ai i pa aš ės apie Jus ino Ma cinke ičiaus kū ybą,
Vilnius: Lie u os ašy ojų sąjungos leidykla.
JOLANTA VASKELIENĖ
196 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXXVII
[…] Daujo y ė Vik o ija 2002: Sakiniai, Vilnius: These a e he whi es. The Daujo y ė
Vik o ija SN 2004: Salomėja Nė is was bo n in he illage o Daujo y ė Vik o ija.
F agmen o poe ika, Vilnius: Published by he Li huanian W i e s' Union.
Sabaliauskai ė K is ina SR 2008: Sil a Re um, Vilnius: Whi e lanks. She is a membe o
he Swedish na ional eam. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing
ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. SS […]
Daujo y ė Vik o ija 2007: Saugan i sąmonė, Vilnius: Dailės akademijos publishing
house. The book was published by he publishing house Dailės akademijos. ST […]
Ga elis Riča das 2002: Sun- zu in he ci y o Vilnius, Vilnius: These whi es. ŠAMS […] Rad ila ičiū ė Gied a 2010: This nigh I will sleep by he wall, Vilnius: Whi e a ows.
TK […] Daujo y ė Vik o ija 1998: Tex s and wo ks, Vilnius: Cul u e. She is a membe
o he boa d o di ec o s o he Eu opean Academy o Sciences. UM […] Jonuškai ė Bi u ė 2011: Fo gi e me, Vilnius: Li huanian Union o W i e s
leidykla.
Vaič – Vaičiūnai ė Judi a 2000: Ske sga ių šešėliais aš a eisiu, Vilnius: Žu ėd a.
VP […] Papie is Valdas 2010: Ei i, Vilnius: Published by he Li huanian W i e s' Union.
In he ield o li e a u e
Aleksai ė Agnė 2022: Li huanian language esea ch wo k on he basis o he
Naujažodžių duomenyno (2011-2019): doc o al disse a ion, Vilnius: Li huanian
language ins i u e. Amb asas Saulius 1993: Daik a a džių da ybos aida, Vilnius:
Li huanian Language Ins i u e. He is also a membe o he Boa d o Di ec o s o he Li huanian Academy o Sciences.
In he yea 2000 he was awa ded he p es igious Daik a a džių Da ybos
Raida 2, Vilnius Ins i u e o Science and Encyclopedias Publishing.
Amb as Saulius 2011: The de elopmen o he a o Būd a džiai, Vilnius: Science and encyclopedias
leidybos ins i u as.
Baayen Ha ald 1991: Quan i a i e aspec s o mo phological p oduc i i y. […] Yea book
o Mo phology 1991, ed. by he au ho This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his Regula ion:
The p ess.
Boaz Gee , The G amma o Wo ds, published in 2005. An In oduc ion o Linguis ic
Mo phology, Ox o d: Ox o d Uni e si y P ess. This is he i s ime ha I ha e been able o do his.
S aipsniai / A icles 197
P oduk y ieji daik a a džių i būd a džių
edinių naujada ų ipai
The ollowing is an exce p om he book, The Encyclopedia o Language and
Linguis ics, 2nd edi ion, ed. in chie , K. B own, eBook, San Diego: Else ie Science Imp in ; Else ie science and echnology
The books.
DLKG 2005: Cu en g amma o he Li huanian language, he 4 h e ised edi ion, edi ed
by V. Amb azas, Vilnius: Ins i u e o Science and Encyclopedia Publishing. G eenbaum
Sidney 1996: The Ox o d English G amma , Ox o d: Ox o d Uni e si y p ess. This is he
i s ime ha he Ox o d English G amma has been published.
Jakai ienė E alda, Laigonai ė Adelė, Paulauskienė Aldona 1976:
Mo phology o he Li huanian language, Vilnius: The school.
Keinys S asys 1999: Li huanian language wo d-making company, Šiauliai:
Šiauliai Uni e si y publishing house.
This a icle is pa o a se ies on he Ox o d Handbook o De i a i e Mo phology,
published by Ox o d Uni e si y P ess. LKE […] Encyclopedia o he Li huanian language,
sud. K. Mo kūnas, edi ed by V. Amb azas, Vilnius: Ins i u e o he Publishing o Science
and Encyclopedias, 2008.
LKG 1965: G amma o he Li huanian language 1, ed. K. Ul ydas, Vilnius: This is Min is.
Miliūnai ė Ri a 2015: Selec ion and p esen a ion o new wo ds in he Li huanian
language's new wo ds da abase. […] Lexicog aphy and lexicology 5, 161[…]184. Miliūnai ė
Ri a 2018: P esen a ion o new wo ds and sea ch possibili ies in he Li huanian
language o new wo ds. […] Common language 91, 1[…]21. Seman ic and s a is ical
Mu mulai y ė Dai a 1997: „Daba inės lie u ių kalbos žodyno“ eiksmažodinių
analysis o keywo ds (including -imas -ymas and galūnės -a ediniai): summa y o he
doc o al disse a ion, Vilnius. Mu mulai y ė Dai a 2016: The da a o new in en ions
and he p ospec s o new esea ch. […] Common language 89, 1[…]27.
Mu mulai y ė Dai a 2021: Pe spec i es on he s udy o he making and mo phemics o
Daik a a džių (a case o he Li huanian language's new ocabula y), Vilnius: Li huanian
Language Ins i u e. I ina I ina J. 2007: Pe uchina, I ina Y. P oduc i e ypes and models o
mode n wo d o ma ion (in he ma e ial o he Lowe Ci y P ess o he end o he 20 h
cen u y and he beginning o he 21s cen u y) [P oduc i e ypes and models o
con empo a y wo d o ma ion (in he ma e ial o he Lowe Ci y P ess o he 20 h
cen u y and he beginning o he 21s cen u y]: disse a ion candida e o philological sciences [Disse azione ilologičeski nauk]
Новгород: Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н. И. Лобачевского
The Uni e si y o Nizhny No go od is named a e N. I. Lobache skogo.

JOLANTA VASKELIENĖ
198 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII
Plag Ingo 2003: Wo d-Fo ma ion in English, Camb idge: Camb idge Uni e si y P ess.
Plague Ingo 2006: P oduc i i y. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . […] The Handbook
o English Linguis ics, eds. B. Aa s, A. McMahon, Ox o d: Blackwell, 537 […] 556. This is he i s ime ha his has happened.
Ružė Albe as 2008: Mo phology o he Li huanian language 1, Vilnius: Uni e si y o Vilnius. Soida
Emīlija 2009: Vā dda ināšana, Rīga: LU Academic Dis ic . She is a membe o he Russian Academy o
Sciences. In his 2009 book, The Theo y o Wo d P ocessing, U ban is w i es: "The heo y o wo d
leidybos ins i u as.
P oduc i e Types o Noun
and Adjec i e Neologisms
SUMMARY
Neologisms ound in he ex s o Li huanian au ho s we e selec ed as he objec o his
p ocesso is a e y impo an pa o he encyclopedia. The a icle analyses su ixed nouns and
adjec i es belonging o he p oduc i e ypes o wo d o ma ion. The esea ch is based on he da a
om he s udy o he o ma ion, seman ics and use o 374 neologisms (194 nouns and 180 adjec i es)
belonging o six ypes o o ma ion. In summa y, i can be said ha he o ma ion o neologisms s ill
shows he same p oduc i e ypes o he o ma ion o su ixed nouns and adjec i es, he main
ea u es o he o ma ion o neologisms also emain unchanged. Neologisms o all ypes o
o ma ion a e usually based on he base wo ds p o ided in he sou ces o lexicog aphy; hus, hey
a e i s -le el de i a i es ( hey make up 77% o all neologisms). Twen y- h ee pe cen o neologisms
a e based on po en ial base wo ds and a e mos ly second-le el de i a i es. The s udy o a ious
neologisms - bo h p esen ed in he Da abase o Neologisms o he Li huanian language and collec ed
om ex s by Li huanian au ho s - e eals a gene al endency ha in o de o nominally name an
ac ion, he use s o he Li huanian language mos o en c ea e lexical uni s acco ding o he usual
pa e ns o wo d o ma ion and ha he sequence o he mos de i able ypes o e b abs ac s
p esen ed in g amma s emains he same. The nominal ypes o neologisms a e a anged acco ding
o p oduc i i y in he same way as indica ed in he g amma s: - I was, i was, i was. Al hough he
s udy o he neologisms eco ded in he Da abase o Neologisms he h ee mos de i able ypes
emain unchanged. Al hough he neologisms o he abs ac s o e bs and nouns do no di e in
o he Li huanian language has e ealed a sligh ly di e en sequence o de i able a ixes,
p inciple om eal de i a i es, a conside able pa o hem a e o med om po en ial base wo ds:
such a e 63% o he -imas-de i a i es and 52% o he -umas-de i a i es. The mos de i able ype o
A icles and a icles 199
P oduk y ieji daik a a džių i būd a džių
edinių naujada ų ipai
adjec i e neologisms is he su ix -is, -a. Neologisms o his ype a e mo e o en o med om nouns
deno ing li ing hings ( hey make up 60 pe cen o all adjec i es). A endency o be based on wo ds
wi h a a he complex mo phemic s uc u e is becoming p onounced. The p oduc i i y o he ype
o he su ix -ishkas, -a is o igu a i e meaning. Some adjec i es wi h -ish a e used as hidden
compa isons. In addi ion, neologisms wi h -ish comp ess he ex . The meanings o he neologisms
become clea om a minimal o wide con ex . P oduc i i y o he ype and knowledge o analogous
also e idenced by he abundance o abs ac s wi h -umas made om he po en ial -iškas, -a
adjec i es: 45 pe cen o neologisms wi h -umas a e made om he neologisms wi h he
su ix -iškas, -a. The absolu e majo i y o adjec i es wi h -iškas a e epi he s wi h a li e al
eal de i a i es also helps us o unde s and he meaning. Al hough a la ge numbe o neologisms can
be conside ed po en ial de i a i es, ne e heless, some o hem ca ch he eye o he add essee;
hey a e no ypical because o a po en ial base wo d o because o a ypical usage. Some imes
neologisms also ha e he unc ion o linking he ex and a e o en used o a ious epe i ions.
A o al o 21 neologisms a e no lis ed in he suppo ing dic iona ies, howe e , hey a e
eco ded in bilingual dic iona ies […] i would be wo hwhile o lexicog aphe s o pay
a en ion o his. Ten neologisms a e al eady p esen ed in he Da abase o Neologisms o
he Li huanian language, which means ha hey a e also used by o he au ho s. The
a en ion o lexicog aphe s should also be d awn o hose cases whe e he dic iona ies
con ain de i a i es, bu hey do no con ain hei base wo ds.
Deli e ed on 12 Sep embe 2022
JOLANTA VASKELIENĖ
Vilniaus uni e si e o Šiaulių akademija
Vy au as g. 84, LT-76352 Šiauliai,
Li huania jolan a. aske[email p o ec ed]u.l This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h Vy au as g.