Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica
2025, ol. 93, pp. 1–16
Con en s link / Tu inio nuo oda
ISSN 2669-218X (online / elek oninis)
Copy igh © 2025 Bożena Sie adzka-Baziu . Published by he Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language. This is an
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Recei ed: / Gau a: 2025-05-24. Accep ed: / P iim a: 2025-09-18.
1
LEXICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF “SEN”
(‘DREAM, SLEEP’) IN THE ONOMASIOLOGICAL SŁOWNIK
POJĘCIOWY JĘZYKA STAROPOLSKIEGO ONLINE
Koncep o SAPNAS (‘sapnas, miegas’) leksinės ep ezen acijos onomasiologinio
Senosios lenkų kalbos są okų žodyno in e ne iniame a ian e
BOŻENA SIERADZKA-BAZIUR
Ins i u e o he Polish Language
E-mail: bozena.sie [email protected]
ORCID ID: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-4214-7268
Fields o esea ch: linguis ics.
h ps://doi.o g/10.35321/all93-08
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABSTRACT
The a icle p o ides a desc ip ion o he Słownik pojęciowy języka s a opolskiego (Concep ual Dic iona y
o he Old Polish Language), a ailable online (he eina e also e e ed o as SPJS). I was edi ed a he Ins i u e
o he Polish Language o he Polish Academy o Sciences in K aków in he yea s 2011–2015 based on he
p in ed ele en- olume Słownik s a opolski (Dic iona y o Old Polish) (he eina e also e e ed o as SS p). I is
a da abase o conduc ing onomasiological and o he esea ch on he oldes Polish ocabula y eco ded om he
12 h cen u y o he beginning o he 16 h cen u y. The a icle also p esen s he esul s o he onomasiological
analysis o con inuous and discon inuous medie al lexical uni s ep esen ing he concep o SEN//DREAM,
SLEEP in SPJS. I is one o 231 concep s o he SPJS concep ual s uc u e. Wi hin his concep , he e a e 19
discon inuous au o-seman ic uni s and 86 con inuous au o-seman ic uni s. The conduc ed onomasiological
analysis shows ha hey belong o 10 sepa a e zones o he seman ic ield, each o which is complemen a y o
he o he s. Mos o he analysed wo ds ha e su i ed o mode n imes in unchanged meanings, some o hem
a e a chaisms, and he es a e compe ence homonyms.
KEYWORDS: Old Polish, diach onic linguis ics, onomasiology, lexis, concep , seman ic ield o d eam/sleep,
concep ual classi ica ion, seman ic a chaism.
2
ANOTACIJA
S aipsnyje ap a iamas Senosios lenkų kalbos są okų žodyno (lenk. SPJS) in e ne inis a ian as. Jis,
emian is spausdin u ienuolikos omų Senosios lenkų kalbos žodynu (lenk. SS p), 2011–2015 me ais bu o
su edaguo as Lenkijos mokslų akademijos Lenkų kalbos ins i u e K oku oje. Tai duomenų bazė, ski a
onomasiologiniams i ki iems lenkų kalbos seniausios leksikos, už iksuo os nuo XII a. iki XVI a. p adžios,
y imams. S aipsnyje aip pa pa eikiami ęs inių i ne ęs inių idu amžių leksinių iene ų, SPJS
ep ezen uojančių są oką SAPNAS // SAPNAS, MIEGAS, onomasiologinės analizės ezul a ai. Tai iena iš 231
SPJS koncep ualiosios s uk ū os są okų. Šioje są okoje y a 19 ne ęs inių au oseman inių iene ų i 86 ęs iniai
au oseman iniai iene ai. A lik a onomasiologinė analizė odo, kad jie p iklauso 10 a ski ų seman inio lauko
zonų, ku ios iena ki ą papildo. Daugumos išanalizuo ų žodžių eikšmės iki šių dienų išliko nepaki usios, kai
ku ie iš žodžių y a a chaizmai, o ki i – kompe encijos homonimai.
ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: senoji lenkų kalba, diach oninė ling is ika, onomasiologija, leksika, koncep as, žodžių
sapnas / miegas seman inis laukas, są okų klasi ikacija, seman inis a chajiškumas.
1. In oduc ion
Onomasiological s udies ha e a long adi ion, ini ia ed in he second hal o he 19 h
cen u y in he ield o Romance languages by linguis s such as F ied ich Diez, E ns Tappole ,
and Adol Zaune . The e m onomasiology, which was c ea ed om he G eek wo d onomasía,
naming and g . -logía, was in oduced o linguis ics by Zaune a he beginning o he 20 h
cen u y. Acco ding o he e ymological meaning o he e m, onomasiology is he science o
naming. In eali y, howe e , i s scope is much b oade , because onomasiologis s s udy, among
o he hings, he ways in which language use s ca ego ize eali y by gi ing names o
dis inguished elemen s o he wo ld. In 1932, Ka l Jabe g, one o he mos impo an
heo e icians o onomasiology, o mula ed i s asks e y b oadly:
In he con ex o he con empo a y s a e o esea ch, onomasiology is a linguis ic
discipline ha , s a ing om mo e o less delimi ed, i id in he consciousness o
a gi en linguis ic socie y, images o g oups o ela ed concep s, collec s hei a ious
lexicological, s ylis ic, me apho ical and all ex a-g amma ical possibili ies o
exp ession in he li e a y language and dialec s in a gi en linguis ic e i o y. I aims
o in e p e [linguis ic exponen s] aking in o accoun all concep ual, his o ical- ac ual,
geog aphical and psychological ac o s, in a diach onic and synch onic app oach
(Jabe g 1932: 21, quo ed a e Puzynina 1968: 119–120).
Onomasiology is a b anch o lexicology in which con inuous o discon inuous au o-
seman ic uni s a e s udied om a ious poin s o iew in he con ex o he names o concep s
o which hey a e assigned. An onomasiologis is equally in e es ed in he seman ics o hese
uni s and he concep s hey ep esen . The esea ch p oblem posed by onomasiology can
he e o e be summa ised wi hin wo ques ions:
1. Wha concep does a gi en au o-seman ic uni ep esen ?
2. Whe e is his concep si ua ed wi hin a speci ic classi ica ion scheme consis ing o
concep names?
3
This esea ch p oblem ga e ise o onomasiological esea ch conduc ed a he Ins i u e
o he Polish Language o he Polish Academy o Sciences (Ins y u Języka Polskiego Polskiej
Akademii Nauk IJP PAN) in K aków om 2011 o he p esen .
2. The online Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish language
1
as a modi ied
da abase
In o de o conduc la e onomasiological lexicological wo k, he IJP PAN in K aków
c ea ed he online onomasiological Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language in he
yea s 2011–2015. I has been a ailable on he In e ne since 2015
2
. I call i a modi ied da abase
because in he yea s 2015–2025, as a esul o onomasiological wo k conduc ed using da a on
he cha ac e is ics o au o-seman ic uni s assigned o he concep s o his dic iona y, 1) i s
classi ica ion scheme was and is being imp o ed by inc easing o dec easing he numbe o
concep s con ained in i , and 2) he e we e and a e modi ica ions o he assignmen o au o-
seman ic uni s o he concep s con ained in SPJS.
The elec onic Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language is he e o e an open
and sys ema ically expanded wo k.
2.1. Me hodology o de eloping he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish
Language
3
The aim o c ea ing he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language online was o
include wi hin i s classi ica ion scheme, consis ing o names o concep s, all he con empo a y
Old Polish ocabula y by assigning con inuous au o-seman ic and discon inuous au o-
seman ic uni s o his scheme, i.e. meanings wi h examples ex ac ed om he dic iona y
en ies o he p in ed Old Polish Dic iona y – o enable u he wo k on Old Polish lexis,
including onomasiological and o he esea ch.
The inspi a ion o he c ea ion o SPJS was, among o he s, he ollowing lexicog aphic
wo ks:
– Thesau us o English Wo ds and Ph ases by Pe e Ma k Roge (1852; 2002);
– De deu sche Wo scha z nach Sachg uppen by F anz Do nsei (1934; 1970);
– Beg i ssys em als G undlage ü die Lexikog aphie. Ve such eines O dnungsschemas
by Rudol Hallig and Wal he on Wa bu g (1952; 1963);
– His o ical Thesau us o he Ox o d English Dic iona y (HTOED 2009 and HTOEDe);
1
SPJS – Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language, ed. B. Sie adzka-Baziu , K aków: Ins i u e o he
Polish Language PAN, 2015. In e ne Access: h p:// spjs.ijp.pan.pl [accessed 16.04.2025].
2
In e ne Access: h ps://spjs.ijp.pan.pl/.
3
A de ailed desc ip ion o he p ocess o c ea ing his dic iona y is included in he monog aph Onomazjologiczny
słownik online. Me odologia. zawa ość, wyko zys anie w badaniach na p zykładzie „Słownika pojęciowego języka
s a opolskiego” (Sie adzka-Baziu 2020).
4
– Wielki słownik języka polskiego PAN (WSJP 2018)
4
(The G ea Dic iona y o he Polish
Language o he Polish Academy o Sciences) edi ed by Pio Żmig odzki (alphabe ical
dic iona y o he gene al language, in which lexical uni s a e also ca ego ised hema ically).
The onomasiological Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language online was
edi ed using he ma e ial con ained in he ele en- olume p in ed Dic iona y o Old Polish
(1953–2002) edi ed by S anisław U bańczyk and based on he Dic iona y o Old Polish.
Supplemen
p. I ( e ba absen ia) (SS pS 2014) edi ed by Ewa Dep uchowa. The ma e ial basis
o he onomasiological Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language online consis s o
22,735 dic iona y en ies om he Dic iona y o Old Polish and 1,151 keywo ds om i s
supplemen . These dic iona y en ies con ain he oldes Polish ocabula y om he 12 h
cen u y o he i s hal o he 16 h cen u y. The Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish
Language online akes in o accoun he ull s uc u e o all dic iona y en ies o he Dic iona y
o Old Polish and i s supplemen . Da a ex ac ed om he alphabe ical, p in ed Dic iona y o
Old Polish we e en e ed in o he compu e ’s memo y and subjec ed o nume ous o de ing and
in e p e a ion p ocedu es – adap e o he na u e o he wo k being pe o med, which is an
elec onic dic iona y wi h a seman ic hie a chical s uc u e, p esen ing Old Polish ma e ial in
a ious a angemen s: p ima ily concep ual, bu also addi ionally in he alphabe ical and
g amma ical ones. The Old Polish lexicon collec ed in he Dic iona y o Old Polish and he
supplemen , wi hin 23,886 dic iona y en ies, is mos ep esen ed by con inuous au o-
seman ic uni s (38,234) and discon inuous au o-seman ic uni s (5,943). I is hese con inuous
and discon inuous au o-seman ic uni s ha a e key in he concep ual dic iona y – hey ha e
been assigned o he SPJS classi ica ion scheme and cons i u e he essence o his p ojec
5
.
They we e classi ied and assigned o 231 concep ual ca ego ies o SPJS (da a as o Ap il 16,
2025).
The assignmen o uni s o concep s was made by me using he con ex s in which
a gi en wo d o wo d s uc u e was embedded, he de ini ions o he edi o s o he Dic iona y
o Old Polish, and o en also a e analysing he e ymological and wo d- o ma ion da a
conce ning he s udied ocabula y.
The SPJS lexical uni s ca ego ised by meaning, ep esen ing concep s, a e pa o he
noun, e b, adjec i al and ad e bial dic iona y en ies o he Dic iona y o Old Polish, in which
he oldes Polish ocabula y eco ded in medie al ex s, c ea ed up o and including he
beginning o he 16 h cen u y, is a es ed.
The SPJS classi ica ion scheme cu en ly con ains (Ap il 16, 2025) 79,782 seman ic
uni s, i.e. assignmen s o lexical uni s o his s uc u e
6
. The ocabula y included in he
Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language is aluable ma e ial o onomasiological
esea ch, due o he weal h o lexical uni s con ained he ein, ep esen ing se e al hund ed
4
In e ne Access: h ps://wsjp.pl [accessed 16.04.2025].
5
Due o he ac ha SPJS is a ull alphabe ical dic iona y, c ea ed on he basis o he ma e ial o he p in ed
dic iona y, i also con ains synseman ic uni s and incomple e A, incomple e B and o he s.
6
In e ne Access: h ps://spjs.ijp.pan.pl/ukladSeman /index [accessed 16.04.2025].
5
concep s – including ocabula y ela ing o, among o he s, he uni e se, he wo ld, plan s,
animals, he physical, men al, spi i ual and social li e o man, as well as ime, space, mo emen ,
o m, s uc u e, numbe , ela ions.
My onomasiological esea ch on his ocabula y aims o cha ac e ise he linguis ic
exponen s used by medie al ansla o s o o eign ex s, mainly w i en in La in, o by na i e
c ea o s, o sys ema ize he oldes Polish lexicon wi hin concep s. My analyses so a , based
on da a collec ed wi hin he classi ica ion scheme o he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish
Language, conce ned he ways o e balising in he Middle Ages, among o he s, such SPJS
concep s as 2.2.2. EMOTIONS; 2.3.5.1.3.1. BAPTISM. JOHN’S BAPTISM. LORD’S
BAPTISM; 2.3.5.1.3.4. HOLY MASS; 2.4.1.4. EDUCATION; 2.4.1.5.3. MEDIATION;
2.4.4. LANGUAGE; 2.4.4.7. SILENCE
7
. Conduc ing his esea ch is dic a ed by he desi e o
be e unde s and he language, by de ec ing seman ic connec ions occu ing wi hin lexical
g oups om he oldes pe iod o de elopmen o he Polish language, and p o iding da a o
u he onomasiological and seman ic analyses aimed a de e mining how a gi en concep was
e balized in subsequen e as – in which he me hodology I ha e p oposed can help.
2.2. Classi ica ion scheme o he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish
Language online
The mos impo an pa o he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language,
sys ema ically expanded and imp o ed, is he SPJS classi ica ion scheme wi h medie al au o-
seman ic lexical uni s assigned o i . I was designed o enable sys ema ic esea ch on he
oldes Polish ocabula y o be conduc ed based on he lexical da a i con ains.
Table 1. Classi ica ion scheme
8
o he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language. In e ne
Access: h ps://spjs.ijp.pan.pl [accessed 16.04.2025]
Numbe o lexical uni s
Name o he concep ual o desc ip i e ca ego y
Numbe o seman ic
uni s
1.
UNIVERSE and he WORLD
34
1.1.
SKY
32
1.1.1.
CELESTIAL BODY
102
1.1.2.
ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENON. WEATHER
223
1.2.
EARTH
50
1.2.1.
TERRAIN. LANDSCAPE
484
1.2.2.
MINERAL. ROCK. SOIL TYPE e c.
229
1.2.3.
METAL. CHEMICAL COMPOUND
197
1.2.4.
INLAND WATER. SEA
461
1.3.
PLANT
14
1.3.1.
PLANT DEVELOPMENT. PLANT PART. FRUIT. VEGETABLE
612
1.3.2.
PLANT DISEASE. PLANT DYING
51
1.3.3.
TREE. SHRUB. FOREST
575
1.3.4.
CEREAL. CEREAL PLANT
137
1.3.5.
MEADOW PLANT. FOREST PLANT. WATER PLANT. ORNAMENTAL PLANT e c.
1598
1.3.6.
Plan de ined by SS p edi o s in La in only
354
1.4.
ANIMAL
33
7
See he expandable sec ion o he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish language: Wo ks on he SPJS and he
ma e ial con ained he ein h ps://spjs.ijp.pan.pl/spjs/s ona/p aceN Slownika [accessed 16.04.2025].
8
This scheme in SPJS has only a Polish e sion.
6
1.4.1.
ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT. ANIMAL BREED. YOUNG ANIMAL
126
1.4.2.
ANIMAL DISEASE. ANIMAL DEATH
84
1.4.3.
ANIMAL BODY PARTS. FUNCTIONS OF BODY PARTS. APPEARANCE
266
1.4.4.
ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR. ANIMAL NUTRITION
242
1.4.5.
ANIMAL MEAT. ANIMAL SKIN. HONEY e c.
169
1.4.6.
ANIMAL BED. ANIMAL CAVE. NEST
13
1.4.7.
ANIMAL TYPES
6
1.4.7.1.
4-LEGGED ANIMAL
674
1.4.7.2.
BIRD
285
1.4.7.3.
FRESHWATER FISH. FRESHWATER ANIMAL. SEA FISH. MARINE ANIMAL
131
1.4.7.4.
REPTILE. AMPHIBIAN. INSECT e c.
189
1.4.8.
Animal de ined by he SS p edi o s only in La in
38
1.4.9.
MYTHICAL ANIMAL. FAIRYTALE ANIMAL
29
2.
HUMAN (he e also a pe soni ied spi i ual being, e c.)
119
2.1.
PHYSICAL LIFE
17
2.1.1.
BEGINNING OF LIFE. BIRTH. SUBSEQUENT STAGES OF LIFE. DEATH
1043
2.1.2.
GENDER
127
2.1.3.
HUMAN BODY PARTS. FUNCTIONS OF BODY PARTS. APPEARANCE
1062
2.1.4.
SENSES
10
2.1.4.1.
SENSE OF SIGHT
127
2.1.4.2.
SENSE OF HEARING
33
2.1.4.3.
SENSE OF TOUCH
60
2.1.4.4.
SENSE OF TASTE
6
2.1.4.5.
SENSE OF SMELL
6
2.1.5.
HEALTH STATE. TREATMENT
1054
2.1.6.
NUTRITION. DRINKING
242
2.1.6.1.
MEAL. BREAKFAST. LUNCH. DINNER
22
2.1.6.2.
FOOD. DISHES
240
2.1.6.3.
MEAT. COLD CUTS. FISH. FAT
94
2.1.6.4.
FLOUR. FLOUR PRODUCTS
149
2.1.6.5.
DAIRY. EGGS
65
2.1.6.6.
FRUIT. VEGETABLE. HONEY. NUTS. PRESERVES
207
2.1.6.7.
BEVERAGE. ALCOHOL
137
2.1.7.
DREAM, SLEEP
105
2.1.8.
BODY PROTECTION FROM COLD e c.
66
2.1.8.1.
CLOTHES. HEADGEAR. FOOTWEAR. DECORATIONS e c.
438
2.1.8.2.
FABRIC. LEATHER. FIBRES e c.
354
2.1.9.
BODY CARE
94
2.1.10.
MATERIAL NEEDS
31
2.2.
MENTAL LIFE
36
2.2.1.
COGNITION
0
2.2.1.1.
SENSE PERCEPTION
1046
2.2.1.2.
AWARENESS
108
2.2.1.3.
ATTENTION
69
2.2.1.4.
MEMORY
113
2.2.1.5.
IMAGINATION
39
2.2.1.6.
THINKING
891
2.2.2.
EMOTIONS
94
2.2.2.1.
FAMILIES OF EMOTIONS
0
2.2.2.1.1.
LIKING. FRIENDSHIP. LOVE.
109
2.2.2.1.2.
ADMIRATION. DELIGHT. PRIDE
184
2.2.2.1.3.
GRATITUDE
19
2.2.2.1.4.
PITY. COMPASSION
67
2.2.2.1.5.
SATISFACTION. PLEASURE. HAPPINESS. JOY
236
2.2.2.1.6.
PEACE. SOOTHING. RELIEF
59
2.2.2.1.7.
HOPE. TRUST
57
2.2.2.1.8.
SURPRISE. AMAZEMENT. ASTONISHMENT
23
2.2.2.1.9.
CERTAINTY. UNCERTAINTY. DIFFICULTY
29
2.2.2.1.10.
DISLIKE. GRIEVANCE. HOSTILITY. HATE
74
2.2.2.1.11.
JEALOUSY. ENVY
14
2.2.2.1.12.
DISGUST. LOATHING. AVERSION
41
2.2.2.1.13.
CONTEMPT
83
2.2.2.1.14.
CONCEIT
72
2.2.2.1.15.
AGITATION. ANGER. RAGE
99
2.2.2.1.16.
SUFFERING. SADNESS. DISAPPOINTMENT. DESPAIR. SORRY. REPENTANCE
390
2.2.2.1.17.
LONGING
8
2.2.2.1.18.
ANXIETY. FEAR. UNREST. TERROR
219
2.2.2.1.19.
SHAME
54
2.2.2.2.
CAUSING EMOTIONS
411
2.2.2.3.
EXPRESSING EMOTIONS
373
2.2.3.
WILL
0
2.2.3.1.
DESIRE. WANT. LIKE. REQUEST. DEMAND
170
2.2.3.2.
FREEDOM. DISOBEDIENCE. RESISTANCE
431
7
2.2.3.3.
SLAVERY. DEPENDENCE
192
2.2.3.4.
EXERCISING INFLUENCE
913
2.3.
SPIRITUAL LIFE
81
2.3.1.
BEAUTY. PERFECTION. WONDERFULNESS
192
2.3.2.
TRUTH
100
2.3.3.
MEANING
156
2.3.4.
EXISTENCE
550
2.3.5.
RELIGION
0
2.3.5.1.
DOCTRINE. FAITH
1870
2.3.5.1.1.
SPIRITUAL BEINGS
370
2.3.5.1.2.
ETERNAL LIFE
96
2.3.5.1.3.
HOLY SACRAMENTS
0
2.3.5.1.3.1.
BAPTISM. JOHN’S BAPTISM. LORD’S BAPTISM
40
2.3.5.1.3.2.
PENANCE
59
2.3.5.1.3.3.
CONFIRMATION
3
2.3.5.1.3.4.
HOLY MASS
98
2.3.5.1.3.5.
PRIESTHOOD
6
2.3.5.1.3.6.
ANOINTING OF THE SICK
3
2.3.5.1.3.7.
MARRIAGE
2
2.3.5.2.
ORGANIZATION OF CHURCHES
403
2.3.5.3.
CULT
939
2.3.5.4.
RULES OF LIFE ACCORDING TO RELIGION
1253
2.3.5.5.
RELIGIOUS EMOTIONS
204
2.3.5.6.
HOLY BOOKS. REALITIES PRESENTED IN HOLY BOOKS
412
2.3.5.7.
MYTHOLOGY. PAGANISM. WITCHCRAFT
189
2.3.5.8.
AGNOSTICISM. ATHEISM. FIGHT AGAINST RELIGION
38
2.3.6.
UNIQUENESS. MIRACLES
85
2.3.7.
LITERATURE. ART
537
2.4.
SOCIAL LIFE
0
2.4.1.
ORGANIZATION OF SOCIETY
0
2.4.1.1.
TERRITORY. POPULATION
295
2.4.1.2.
MANAGEMENT
523
2.4.1.2.1.
TRIBUTE. TAX. FEE. RENT. CONTRIBUTION. OBLIGATIONS e c.
611
2.4.1.3.
SOCIAL CLASSES
92
2.4.1.3.1.
KING. MAGNATE. KNIGHTS. NOBILITY. DIGNITARY
267
2.4.1.3.2.
LORDSHIP STATUS
9
2.4.1.3.3.
PEASANT POPULATION
226
2.4.1.3.4.
MIDDLE CLASS
25
2.4.1.3.5.
PROCESSION. COURTIAN. SERVANTS. SERVANT POPULATION
148
2.4.1.4.
EDUCATION
0
2.4.1.4.1.
TRAINING
0
2.4.1.4.1.1.
SCHOOL. UNIVERSITY. SELF-EDUCATION
251
2.4.1.4.1.2.
GUILD
31
2.4.1.4.2.
UPBRINGING
9
2.4.1.4.2.1.
HOME UPBRINGING
5
2.4.1.4.2.2.
RELIGIOUS UPBRINGING
14
2.4.1.4.2.3.
KNIGHTLY UPBRINGING
6
2.4.1.4.3.
CARE
80
2.4.1.5.
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
0
2.4.1.5.1.
JUDICIAL SYSTEM
3880
2.4.1.5.2.
PUNISHMENT
381
2.4.1.5.3.
MEDIATION
1
2.4.1.5.3.1.
MEDIATOR
21
2.4.1.5.3.2.
MEDIATING
52
2.4.1.5.3.3.
MEDIATION FEE
4
2.4.1.5.4.
REMEDY. COMPENSATION. KEEPING COMMITMENT
96
2.4.1.6.
KEEPING ORDER. MAINTAINING SECURITY
102
2.4.1.7.
ARMY. WAR. FIGHT
722
2.4.1.8.
MOVEMENT
646
2.4.1.8.1.
LAND ROUTE. WATER ROUTE
527
2.4.1.8.2.
OTHER COUNTRIES. CONTACTS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES. RESIDENTS OF OTHER COUNTRIES
186
2.4.1.9.
LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION. TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION. MAIL.
382
2.4.2.
FAMILY. LINEAGE
45
2.4.2.1.
IDENTITY. GOOD BIRTH. BAD BIRTH
169
2.4.2.2.
MARITAL STATUS. WEDDING
375
2.4.2.3.
RELATIVE. RELATED
645
2.4.2.4.
FUNERAL
80
2.4.2.5.
WIDOWHOOD. ORPHANAGE. INHERITANCE. DOWRY
154
2.4.3.
SOCIAL CONTACTS. EVENTS. CUSTOMS
1938
2.4.3.1.
MORALITY
2161
2.4.3.2.
COMMITMENT. PROMISE. PLEDGE. OATH. COVENANT
446
2.4.3.3.
TESTING
23
2.4.3.4.
HELP. KINDNESS
919
2.4.3.5.
CONSENT. AGREEMENT
275
8
2.4.3.6.
CONFLICT
1887
2.4.3.7.
HONOUR
241
2.4.3.8.
DISGRACE
233
2.4.3.9.
ETIQUETTE. CONVENANCE. VULGARITY
49
2.4.4.
LANGUAGE. COMMUNICATION
6
2.4.4.1.
SPEAKING SKILL. MANNER OF SPEAKING. ART OF PRONUNCIATION. VOICE FEATURES
210
2.4.4.2.
STATEMENT
1976
2.4.4.3.
WRITING
468
2.4.4.4.
LANGUAGE CONTACTS. TEXT TRANSLATION
96
2.4.4.5.
Linguis ic e ms
2.4.4.5.1.
Naming; p ope name, nickname, e ms o e e ing o places, na ionali y, e c.
301
2.4.4.5.2.
Wo ds wi h igu a i e meanings; compa isons, poe ic uses
1370
2.4.4.5.3.
Wo ds p o ided wi h no es by he SS p edi o s conce ning seman ics, in lec ion, o igin, euphemiza ion, e c.
263
2.4.4.5.4.
Meaning is no clea ly de ined by he edi o s o SS p
1074
2.4.4.6.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
2.4.4.6.1.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION BODY
348
2.4.4.6.2.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION BODY and OBJECTS
19
2.4.4.6.3.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION. OBJECTS AND ELEMENTS OF NATURE
247
2.4.4.7.
SILENCE
79
2.4.5.
ACTION. CONDITIONING OF ACTION. HUMAN TRAITS THAT CONDITION ACTION e c.
3974
2.4.5.1.
SUCCESS. PROSPERITY. SALVATION
278
2.4.5.2.
FAILURE. MISFORTUNE. DIFFICULT SITUATION
413
2.4.6.
WORK
12
2.4.6.1.
WORK ORGANIZATION. PERFORMANCE OF WORK. ATTITUDE TOWARDS WORK. WORK
RESULTS
223
2.4.6.1.1.
PROFESSION. OCCUPATION. FUNCTION
976
2.4.6.1.2.
WORKPLACE. PLACE OF STORING WORK RESULTS
99
2.4.6.1.3.
TOOL. DEVICE. TANK. CONTAINER
1062
2.4.6.1.4.
SUBSTANCE. LIQUID. MATERIAL
389
2.4.6.2.
FOOD PRODUCTION
13
2.4.6.2.1.
LAND ESTATE. FARM. PEASANT’S FARM
207
2.4.6.2.1.1.
LIVESTOCK. OTHER ANIMALS CLOSELY RELATED TO HUMANS. ANIMAL BREEDING.
HARNESSING. CARTS
790
2.4.6.2.1.2.
AGRICULTURE. HORTICULTURE
867
2.4.6.2.1.3.
BEEKEEPING
120
2.4.6.2.2.
FISHING
129
2.4.6.2.3.
HUNTING
83
2.4.6.3.
CRAFTS. INDUSTRY
481
2.4.6.4.
CONSTRUCTION. HABITATION
297
2.4.6.4.1.
STRUCTURE. BUILDING. HOUSE e c.
249
2.4.6.4.2.
PARTS OF A STRUCTURE. PARTS OF A BUILDING. SURROUNDINGS OF A STRUCTURE.
SURROUNDINGS OF A BUILDING. FENCE
338
2.4.6.4.3.
FURNITURE. KITCHEN UTENSILS. BEDDING. TABLECLOTH. TOWELS e c.
346
2.4.6.4.4.
HEATING. LIGHTING
23
2.4.6.4.5.
WATER SUPPLY. WATER USE
51
2.4.6.4.6.
WORK IN AND AROUND THE STRUCTURE. WORK IN AND AROUND THE BUILDING. HOUSEWORK
125
2.4.7.
FATIGUE. REST. HOLIDAYS. CELEBRATION. GAMES. MOTOR ACTIVITIES
535
2.4.8.
THINGS AND MAN
22
2.4.8.1.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THINGS. EXCESS OF THINGS. LACK OF THINGS. UTILITY OF THINGS e c.
772
2.4.8.2.
PHENOMENA RELATED TO MATTER
309
2.4.8.2.1.
LIGHT. DARKNESS. FIRE. COLOUR
547
2.4.8.3.
MATERIAL VALUE
2.4.8.3.1.
PROPERTY, VALUE, TRADE. LOAN. WAGE. MEANS OF SUSTAINABILITY. DOWRY e c.
2935
2.4.8.4.
RUIN. DESTRUCTION. DAMAGE
338
3.
MAN and THE UNIVERSE and THE WORLD
4
3.1.
TIME
1182
3.1.1.
PAST
115
3.1.2.
PRESENT
16
3.1.3.
FUTURE
111
3.2.
SPACE
1108
9
3.3.
MOTION
1955
3.3.1.
SPEED
132
3.4.
CODEPENDENCE
3.4.1.
FORM
357
3.4.2.
STRUCTURE
293
3.4.3.
PART. WHOLE
666
3.4.4.
NUMBER. QUANTITY. DIMENSIONS
1593
3.4.5.
INTENSITY. ACCUMULATION. FREQUENCY
512
3.4.6.
RELATION. INDICATING. SIMILARITY. DIFFERENCE. BALANCE. PROPORTIONS
902
3.4.7.
CHANGE. PROCESS. DURABILITY. REPEATABILITY. TYPICALITY
389
SUM OF ALL UNITS
79782
Table 1 con ains p ima ily concep s ha co-c ea e he classi ica ion scheme o he
Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language. As is known, concep s a e a ep esen a ion
( e lec ion, mapping) o objec s in he use ’s mind, di iding in o conc e e and abs ac . They
a e cha ac e ised by he ac ha hey a e no subjec o de ini ion and ha e hei sepa a e
names. The linguis ic p ocess o assigning names o concep s ha a e supe io o lexical
ma e ial ela ed by a common meaning, exce p ed om a dic iona y o ob ained in ano he
way, is e e ed o as s uc u ing concep ualisa ion. A concep ual ca ego y is one o mo e
concep s placed wi hin he SPJS classi ica ion scheme, cons i u ing i s smalles , g aphically
sepa a ed pa ma ked wi h a numbe . Concep s in concep ual ca ego ies a e w i en in capi al
le e s and sepa a ed by do s i hey appea in se ies, see o example 2.4.3.7. HONOUR,
2.4.6.1.1. PROFESSION. OCCUPATION. FUNCTION.
Con inuous and discon inuous au o-seman ic uni s a e assigned o SPJS concep ual
ca ego ies due o hei meaning. All names o SPJS concep s c ea e he concep ual sys em o
he Old Polish ocabula y.
The SPJS classi ica ion scheme, in addi ion o concep ual ones, also con ains
desc ip i e ca ego ies. These ca ego ies we e assigned o hose con inuous and discon inuous
au o-seman ic uni s exce p ed om he Dic iona y o Old Polish, he desc ip ion o which
included some addi ional in o ma ion, e.g. me alinguis ic, conce ning hei occu ence in
igu a i e meanings o he scope o unc ioning o gi en uni s (e.g. as p ope names,
nicknames). O he desc ip i e ca ego ies g ouped hose uni s (mainly he names o plan s and
animals) whose meanings in he Dic iona y o Old Polish a e gi en only in La in. A sepa a e
desc ip i e ca ego y also ga he ed hose uni s whose meanings we e no clea ly de ined in he
SS p. These da a complemen he image o medie al lexis o some ex en and p o ide some
in o ma ion abou he Old Polish language. All SPJS concep ual ca ego ies, oge he wi h he
names o concep s con ained in hem and desc ip i e ca ego ies, c ea e a hie a chical
classi ica ion scheme o SPJS.
A e ho e ing o e he concep ual ca ego y o he elec onic Concep ual Dic iona y o
he Old Polish Language ha in e es s he esea che and selec ing i , all he names o he
dic iona y en ies appea on he igh side o he sc een, wi hin which he e a e au o-seman ic
uni s assigned o i .
Clicking on any o hese uni s edi ec s he use o he dic iona y en y, which includes
he au o-seman ic uni ep esen ing he gi en concep .
16
Roge Pe e M. 2002: Roge ’s Thesau us o English Wo ds & Ph ases, 150 h anni e sa y
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wyko zys anie w badaniach na p zykładzie „Słownika pojęciowego języka s a opolskiego”
[Onomasiological online dic iona y. Me hodology, con en , use in esea ch based on
he example o he “Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language”], edi o ial
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Language], ed. B. Sie adzka-Baziu , K aków: Ins i u e o he Polish Language PAS.
In e ne Access: h p://spjs.ijp.pan.pl.
SS p 1953−2002: Słownik s a opolski [Dic iona y o Old Polish] 1–11, ed. S. U bańczyk,
W ocław, Wa szawa, K aków: Ossoliński Na ional Ins i u e, Polish Academy o
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SS pS 2014: Słownik s a opolski. Suplemen [Dic iona y o Old Polish. Supplemen ] 1 ( e ba
absen ia), ed. E. Dep uchowa, K aków: Ins i u e o he Polish Language PAS.
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ed. P. Żmig odzki, K aków: Ins i u e o he Polish Language PAS. In e ne Access:
h ps://www.wsjp.pl.
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