Lexical Representations of the Concept of “SEN” (‘dream, sleep’) in the Onomasiological Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego Online

Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 2025, ol. 93, pp. 1–16 Con en s link / Tu inio nuo oda ISSN 2669-218X (online / elek oninis) Copy igh © 2025 Bożena Sie adzka-Baziu . Published by he Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language. This is an Open Access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion Licence, which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho and sou ce a e c edi ed. // Išleido Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as. Šis s aipsnis y a a i os p ieigos, pla inamas pagal „C ea i e Commons“ p isky imo licencijos sąlygas, leidžiančias ne ibo ai naudo i, pla in i i a ku i u inį be kokioje laikmenoje, nu odan au o ių i šal inį. Recei ed: / Gau a: 2025-05-24. Accep ed: / P iim a: 2025-09-18. 1 LEXICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF “SEN” (‘DREAM, SLEEP’) IN THE ONOMASIOLOGICAL SŁOWNIK POJĘCIOWY JĘZYKA STAROPOLSKIEGO ONLINE Koncep o SAPNAS (‘sapnas, miegas’) leksinės ep ezen acijos onomasiologinio Senosios lenkų kalbos są okų žodyno in e ne iniame a ian e BOŻENA SIERADZKA-BAZIUR Ins i u e o he Polish Language E-mail: bozena.sie [email protected] ORCID ID: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-4214-7268 Fields o esea ch: linguis ics. h ps://doi.o g/10.35321/all93-08 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABSTRACT The a icle p o ides a desc ip ion o he Słownik pojęciowy języka s a opolskiego (Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language), a ailable online (he eina e also e e ed o as SPJS). I was edi ed a he Ins i u e o he Polish Language o he Polish Academy o Sciences in K aków in he yea s 2011–2015 based on he p in ed ele en- olume Słownik s a opolski (Dic iona y o Old Polish) (he eina e also e e ed o as SS p). I is a da abase o conduc ing onomasiological and o he esea ch on he oldes Polish ocabula y eco ded om he 12 h cen u y o he beginning o he 16 h cen u y. The a icle also p esen s he esul s o he onomasiological analysis o con inuous and discon inuous medie al lexical uni s ep esen ing he concep o SEN//DREAM, SLEEP in SPJS. I is one o 231 concep s o he SPJS concep ual s uc u e. Wi hin his concep , he e a e 19 discon inuous au o-seman ic uni s and 86 con inuous au o-seman ic uni s. The conduc ed onomasiological analysis shows ha hey belong o 10 sepa a e zones o he seman ic ield, each o which is complemen a y o he o he s. Mos o he analysed wo ds ha e su i ed o mode n imes in unchanged meanings, some o hem a e a chaisms, and he es a e compe ence homonyms. KEYWORDS: Old Polish, diach onic linguis ics, onomasiology, lexis, concep , seman ic ield o d eam/sleep, concep ual classi ica ion, seman ic a chaism. 2 ANOTACIJA S aipsnyje ap a iamas Senosios lenkų kalbos są okų žodyno (lenk. SPJS) in e ne inis a ian as. Jis, emian is spausdin u ienuolikos omų Senosios lenkų kalbos žodynu (lenk. SS p), 2011–2015 me ais bu o su edaguo as Lenkijos mokslų akademijos Lenkų kalbos ins i u e K oku oje. Tai duomenų bazė, ski a onomasiologiniams i ki iems lenkų kalbos seniausios leksikos, už iksuo os nuo XII a. iki XVI a. p adžios, y imams. S aipsnyje aip pa pa eikiami ęs inių i ne ęs inių idu amžių leksinių iene ų, SPJS ep ezen uojančių są oką SAPNAS // SAPNAS, MIEGAS, onomasiologinės analizės ezul a ai. Tai iena iš 231 SPJS koncep ualiosios s uk ū os są okų. Šioje są okoje y a 19 ne ęs inių au oseman inių iene ų i 86 ęs iniai au oseman iniai iene ai. A lik a onomasiologinė analizė odo, kad jie p iklauso 10 a ski ų seman inio lauko zonų, ku ios iena ki ą papildo. Daugumos išanalizuo ų žodžių eikšmės iki šių dienų išliko nepaki usios, kai ku ie iš žodžių y a a chaizmai, o ki i – kompe encijos homonimai. ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: senoji lenkų kalba, diach oninė ling is ika, onomasiologija, leksika, koncep as, žodžių sapnas / miegas seman inis laukas, są okų klasi ikacija, seman inis a chajiškumas. 1. In oduc ion Onomasiological s udies ha e a long adi ion, ini ia ed in he second hal o he 19 h cen u y in he ield o Romance languages by linguis s such as F ied ich Diez, E ns Tappole , and Adol Zaune . The e m onomasiology, which was c ea ed om he G eek wo d onomasía, naming and g . -logía, was in oduced o linguis ics by Zaune a he beginning o he 20 h cen u y. Acco ding o he e ymological meaning o he e m, onomasiology is he science o naming. In eali y, howe e , i s scope is much b oade , because onomasiologis s s udy, among o he hings, he ways in which language use s ca ego ize eali y by gi ing names o dis inguished elemen s o he wo ld. In 1932, Ka l Jabe g, one o he mos impo an heo e icians o onomasiology, o mula ed i s asks e y b oadly: In he con ex o he con empo a y s a e o esea ch, onomasiology is a linguis ic discipline ha , s a ing om mo e o less delimi ed, i id in he consciousness o a gi en linguis ic socie y, images o g oups o ela ed concep s, collec s hei a ious lexicological, s ylis ic, me apho ical and all ex a-g amma ical possibili ies o exp ession in he li e a y language and dialec s in a gi en linguis ic e i o y. I aims o in e p e [linguis ic exponen s] aking in o accoun all concep ual, his o ical- ac ual, geog aphical and psychological ac o s, in a diach onic and synch onic app oach (Jabe g 1932: 21, quo ed a e Puzynina 1968: 119–120). Onomasiology is a b anch o lexicology in which con inuous o discon inuous au o- seman ic uni s a e s udied om a ious poin s o iew in he con ex o he names o concep s o which hey a e assigned. An onomasiologis is equally in e es ed in he seman ics o hese uni s and he concep s hey ep esen . The esea ch p oblem posed by onomasiology can he e o e be summa ised wi hin wo ques ions: 1. Wha concep does a gi en au o-seman ic uni ep esen ? 2. Whe e is his concep si ua ed wi hin a speci ic classi ica ion scheme consis ing o concep names? 3 This esea ch p oblem ga e ise o onomasiological esea ch conduc ed a he Ins i u e o he Polish Language o he Polish Academy o Sciences (Ins y u Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk IJP PAN) in K aków om 2011 o he p esen . 2. The online Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish language 1 as a modi ied da abase In o de o conduc la e onomasiological lexicological wo k, he IJP PAN in K aków c ea ed he online onomasiological Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language in he yea s 2011–2015. I has been a ailable on he In e ne since 2015 2 . I call i a modi ied da abase because in he yea s 2015–2025, as a esul o onomasiological wo k conduc ed using da a on he cha ac e is ics o au o-seman ic uni s assigned o he concep s o his dic iona y, 1) i s classi ica ion scheme was and is being imp o ed by inc easing o dec easing he numbe o concep s con ained in i , and 2) he e we e and a e modi ica ions o he assignmen o au o- seman ic uni s o he concep s con ained in SPJS. The elec onic Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language is he e o e an open and sys ema ically expanded wo k. 2.1. Me hodology o de eloping he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language 3 The aim o c ea ing he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language online was o include wi hin i s classi ica ion scheme, consis ing o names o concep s, all he con empo a y Old Polish ocabula y by assigning con inuous au o-seman ic and discon inuous au o- seman ic uni s o his scheme, i.e. meanings wi h examples ex ac ed om he dic iona y en ies o he p in ed Old Polish Dic iona y – o enable u he wo k on Old Polish lexis, including onomasiological and o he esea ch. The inspi a ion o he c ea ion o SPJS was, among o he s, he ollowing lexicog aphic wo ks: – Thesau us o English Wo ds and Ph ases by Pe e Ma k Roge (1852; 2002); – De deu sche Wo scha z nach Sachg uppen by F anz Do nsei (1934; 1970); – Beg i ssys em als G undlage ü die Lexikog aphie. Ve such eines O dnungsschemas by Rudol Hallig and Wal he on Wa bu g (1952; 1963); – His o ical Thesau us o he Ox o d English Dic iona y (HTOED 2009 and HTOEDe); 1 SPJS – Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language, ed. B. Sie adzka-Baziu , K aków: Ins i u e o he Polish Language PAN, 2015. In e ne Access: h p:// spjs.ijp.pan.pl [accessed 16.04.2025]. 2 In e ne Access: h ps://spjs.ijp.pan.pl/. 3 A de ailed desc ip ion o he p ocess o c ea ing his dic iona y is included in he monog aph Onomazjologiczny słownik online. Me odologia. zawa ość, wyko zys anie w badaniach na p zykładzie „Słownika pojęciowego języka s a opolskiego” (Sie adzka-Baziu 2020). 4 – Wielki słownik języka polskiego PAN (WSJP 2018) 4 (The G ea Dic iona y o he Polish Language o he Polish Academy o Sciences) edi ed by Pio Żmig odzki (alphabe ical dic iona y o he gene al language, in which lexical uni s a e also ca ego ised hema ically). The onomasiological Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language online was edi ed using he ma e ial con ained in he ele en- olume p in ed Dic iona y o Old Polish (1953–2002) edi ed by S anisław U bańczyk and based on he Dic iona y o Old Polish. Supplemen p. I ( e ba absen ia) (SS pS 2014) edi ed by Ewa Dep uchowa. The ma e ial basis o he onomasiological Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language online consis s o 22,735 dic iona y en ies om he Dic iona y o Old Polish and 1,151 keywo ds om i s supplemen . These dic iona y en ies con ain he oldes Polish ocabula y om he 12 h cen u y o he i s hal o he 16 h cen u y. The Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language online akes in o accoun he ull s uc u e o all dic iona y en ies o he Dic iona y o Old Polish and i s supplemen . Da a ex ac ed om he alphabe ical, p in ed Dic iona y o Old Polish we e en e ed in o he compu e ’s memo y and subjec ed o nume ous o de ing and in e p e a ion p ocedu es – adap e o he na u e o he wo k being pe o med, which is an elec onic dic iona y wi h a seman ic hie a chical s uc u e, p esen ing Old Polish ma e ial in a ious a angemen s: p ima ily concep ual, bu also addi ionally in he alphabe ical and g amma ical ones. The Old Polish lexicon collec ed in he Dic iona y o Old Polish and he supplemen , wi hin 23,886 dic iona y en ies, is mos ep esen ed by con inuous au o- seman ic uni s (38,234) and discon inuous au o-seman ic uni s (5,943). I is hese con inuous and discon inuous au o-seman ic uni s ha a e key in he concep ual dic iona y – hey ha e been assigned o he SPJS classi ica ion scheme and cons i u e he essence o his p ojec 5 . They we e classi ied and assigned o 231 concep ual ca ego ies o SPJS (da a as o Ap il 16, 2025). The assignmen o uni s o concep s was made by me using he con ex s in which a gi en wo d o wo d s uc u e was embedded, he de ini ions o he edi o s o he Dic iona y o Old Polish, and o en also a e analysing he e ymological and wo d- o ma ion da a conce ning he s udied ocabula y. The SPJS lexical uni s ca ego ised by meaning, ep esen ing concep s, a e pa o he noun, e b, adjec i al and ad e bial dic iona y en ies o he Dic iona y o Old Polish, in which he oldes Polish ocabula y eco ded in medie al ex s, c ea ed up o and including he beginning o he 16 h cen u y, is a es ed. The SPJS classi ica ion scheme cu en ly con ains (Ap il 16, 2025) 79,782 seman ic uni s, i.e. assignmen s o lexical uni s o his s uc u e 6 . The ocabula y included in he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language is aluable ma e ial o onomasiological esea ch, due o he weal h o lexical uni s con ained he ein, ep esen ing se e al hund ed 4 In e ne Access: h ps://wsjp.pl [accessed 16.04.2025]. 5 Due o he ac ha SPJS is a ull alphabe ical dic iona y, c ea ed on he basis o he ma e ial o he p in ed dic iona y, i also con ains synseman ic uni s and incomple e A, incomple e B and o he s. 6 In e ne Access: h ps://spjs.ijp.pan.pl/ukladSeman /index [accessed 16.04.2025]. 5 concep s – including ocabula y ela ing o, among o he s, he uni e se, he wo ld, plan s, animals, he physical, men al, spi i ual and social li e o man, as well as ime, space, mo emen , o m, s uc u e, numbe , ela ions. My onomasiological esea ch on his ocabula y aims o cha ac e ise he linguis ic exponen s used by medie al ansla o s o o eign ex s, mainly w i en in La in, o by na i e c ea o s, o sys ema ize he oldes Polish lexicon wi hin concep s. My analyses so a , based on da a collec ed wi hin he classi ica ion scheme o he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language, conce ned he ways o e balising in he Middle Ages, among o he s, such SPJS concep s as 2.2.2. EMOTIONS; 2.3.5.1.3.1. BAPTISM. JOHN’S BAPTISM. LORD’S BAPTISM; 2.3.5.1.3.4. HOLY MASS; 2.4.1.4. EDUCATION; 2.4.1.5.3. MEDIATION; 2.4.4. LANGUAGE; 2.4.4.7. SILENCE 7 . Conduc ing his esea ch is dic a ed by he desi e o be e unde s and he language, by de ec ing seman ic connec ions occu ing wi hin lexical g oups om he oldes pe iod o de elopmen o he Polish language, and p o iding da a o u he onomasiological and seman ic analyses aimed a de e mining how a gi en concep was e balized in subsequen e as – in which he me hodology I ha e p oposed can help. 2.2. Classi ica ion scheme o he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language online The mos impo an pa o he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language, sys ema ically expanded and imp o ed, is he SPJS classi ica ion scheme wi h medie al au o- seman ic lexical uni s assigned o i . I was designed o enable sys ema ic esea ch on he oldes Polish ocabula y o be conduc ed based on he lexical da a i con ains. Table 1. Classi ica ion scheme 8 o he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language. In e ne Access: h ps://spjs.ijp.pan.pl [accessed 16.04.2025] Numbe o lexical uni s Name o he concep ual o desc ip i e ca ego y Numbe o seman ic uni s 1. UNIVERSE and he WORLD 34 1.1. SKY 32 1.1.1. CELESTIAL BODY 102 1.1.2. ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENON. WEATHER 223 1.2. EARTH 50 1.2.1. TERRAIN. LANDSCAPE 484 1.2.2. MINERAL. ROCK. SOIL TYPE e c. 229 1.2.3. METAL. CHEMICAL COMPOUND 197 1.2.4. INLAND WATER. SEA 461 1.3. PLANT 14 1.3.1. PLANT DEVELOPMENT. PLANT PART. FRUIT. VEGETABLE 612 1.3.2. PLANT DISEASE. PLANT DYING 51 1.3.3. TREE. SHRUB. FOREST 575 1.3.4. CEREAL. CEREAL PLANT 137 1.3.5. MEADOW PLANT. FOREST PLANT. WATER PLANT. ORNAMENTAL PLANT e c. 1598 1.3.6. Plan de ined by SS p edi o s in La in only 354 1.4. ANIMAL 33 7 See he expandable sec ion o he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish language: Wo ks on he SPJS and he ma e ial con ained he ein h ps://spjs.ijp.pan.pl/spjs/s ona/p aceN Slownika [accessed 16.04.2025]. 8 This scheme in SPJS has only a Polish e sion. 6 1.4.1. ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT. ANIMAL BREED. YOUNG ANIMAL 126 1.4.2. ANIMAL DISEASE. ANIMAL DEATH 84 1.4.3. ANIMAL BODY PARTS. FUNCTIONS OF BODY PARTS. APPEARANCE 266 1.4.4. ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR. ANIMAL NUTRITION 242 1.4.5. ANIMAL MEAT. ANIMAL SKIN. HONEY e c. 169 1.4.6. ANIMAL BED. ANIMAL CAVE. NEST 13 1.4.7. ANIMAL TYPES 6 1.4.7.1. 4-LEGGED ANIMAL 674 1.4.7.2. BIRD 285 1.4.7.3. FRESHWATER FISH. FRESHWATER ANIMAL. SEA FISH. MARINE ANIMAL 131 1.4.7.4. REPTILE. AMPHIBIAN. INSECT e c. 189 1.4.8. Animal de ined by he SS p edi o s only in La in 38 1.4.9. MYTHICAL ANIMAL. FAIRYTALE ANIMAL 29 2. HUMAN (he e also a pe soni ied spi i ual being, e c.) 119 2.1. PHYSICAL LIFE 17 2.1.1. BEGINNING OF LIFE. BIRTH. SUBSEQUENT STAGES OF LIFE. DEATH 1043 2.1.2. GENDER 127 2.1.3. HUMAN BODY PARTS. FUNCTIONS OF BODY PARTS. APPEARANCE 1062 2.1.4. SENSES 10 2.1.4.1. SENSE OF SIGHT 127 2.1.4.2. SENSE OF HEARING 33 2.1.4.3. SENSE OF TOUCH 60 2.1.4.4. SENSE OF TASTE 6 2.1.4.5. SENSE OF SMELL 6 2.1.5. HEALTH STATE. TREATMENT 1054 2.1.6. NUTRITION. DRINKING 242 2.1.6.1. MEAL. BREAKFAST. LUNCH. DINNER 22 2.1.6.2. FOOD. DISHES 240 2.1.6.3. MEAT. COLD CUTS. FISH. FAT 94 2.1.6.4. FLOUR. FLOUR PRODUCTS 149 2.1.6.5. DAIRY. EGGS 65 2.1.6.6. FRUIT. VEGETABLE. HONEY. NUTS. PRESERVES 207 2.1.6.7. BEVERAGE. ALCOHOL 137 2.1.7. DREAM, SLEEP 105 2.1.8. BODY PROTECTION FROM COLD e c. 66 2.1.8.1. CLOTHES. HEADGEAR. FOOTWEAR. DECORATIONS e c. 438 2.1.8.2. FABRIC. LEATHER. FIBRES e c. 354 2.1.9. BODY CARE 94 2.1.10. MATERIAL NEEDS 31 2.2. MENTAL LIFE 36 2.2.1. COGNITION 0 2.2.1.1. SENSE PERCEPTION 1046 2.2.1.2. AWARENESS 108 2.2.1.3. ATTENTION 69 2.2.1.4. MEMORY 113 2.2.1.5. IMAGINATION 39 2.2.1.6. THINKING 891 2.2.2. EMOTIONS 94 2.2.2.1. FAMILIES OF EMOTIONS 0 2.2.2.1.1. LIKING. FRIENDSHIP. LOVE. 109 2.2.2.1.2. ADMIRATION. DELIGHT. PRIDE 184 2.2.2.1.3. GRATITUDE 19 2.2.2.1.4. PITY. COMPASSION 67 2.2.2.1.5. SATISFACTION. PLEASURE. HAPPINESS. JOY 236 2.2.2.1.6. PEACE. SOOTHING. RELIEF 59 2.2.2.1.7. HOPE. TRUST 57 2.2.2.1.8. SURPRISE. AMAZEMENT. ASTONISHMENT 23 2.2.2.1.9. CERTAINTY. UNCERTAINTY. DIFFICULTY 29 2.2.2.1.10. DISLIKE. GRIEVANCE. HOSTILITY. HATE 74 2.2.2.1.11. JEALOUSY. ENVY 14 2.2.2.1.12. DISGUST. LOATHING. AVERSION 41 2.2.2.1.13. CONTEMPT 83 2.2.2.1.14. CONCEIT 72 2.2.2.1.15. AGITATION. ANGER. RAGE 99 2.2.2.1.16. SUFFERING. SADNESS. DISAPPOINTMENT. DESPAIR. SORRY. REPENTANCE 390 2.2.2.1.17. LONGING 8 2.2.2.1.18. ANXIETY. FEAR. UNREST. TERROR 219 2.2.2.1.19. SHAME 54 2.2.2.2. CAUSING EMOTIONS 411 2.2.2.3. EXPRESSING EMOTIONS 373 2.2.3. WILL 0 2.2.3.1. DESIRE. WANT. LIKE. REQUEST. DEMAND 170 2.2.3.2. FREEDOM. DISOBEDIENCE. RESISTANCE 431 7 2.2.3.3. SLAVERY. DEPENDENCE 192 2.2.3.4. EXERCISING INFLUENCE 913 2.3. SPIRITUAL LIFE 81 2.3.1. BEAUTY. PERFECTION. WONDERFULNESS 192 2.3.2. TRUTH 100 2.3.3. MEANING 156 2.3.4. EXISTENCE 550 2.3.5. RELIGION 0 2.3.5.1. DOCTRINE. FAITH 1870 2.3.5.1.1. SPIRITUAL BEINGS 370 2.3.5.1.2. ETERNAL LIFE 96 2.3.5.1.3. HOLY SACRAMENTS 0 2.3.5.1.3.1. BAPTISM. JOHN’S BAPTISM. LORD’S BAPTISM 40 2.3.5.1.3.2. PENANCE 59 2.3.5.1.3.3. CONFIRMATION 3 2.3.5.1.3.4. HOLY MASS 98 2.3.5.1.3.5. PRIESTHOOD 6 2.3.5.1.3.6. ANOINTING OF THE SICK 3 2.3.5.1.3.7. MARRIAGE 2 2.3.5.2. ORGANIZATION OF CHURCHES 403 2.3.5.3. CULT 939 2.3.5.4. RULES OF LIFE ACCORDING TO RELIGION 1253 2.3.5.5. RELIGIOUS EMOTIONS 204 2.3.5.6. HOLY BOOKS. REALITIES PRESENTED IN HOLY BOOKS 412 2.3.5.7. MYTHOLOGY. PAGANISM. WITCHCRAFT 189 2.3.5.8. AGNOSTICISM. ATHEISM. FIGHT AGAINST RELIGION 38 2.3.6. UNIQUENESS. MIRACLES 85 2.3.7. LITERATURE. ART 537 2.4. SOCIAL LIFE 0 2.4.1. ORGANIZATION OF SOCIETY 0 2.4.1.1. TERRITORY. POPULATION 295 2.4.1.2. MANAGEMENT 523 2.4.1.2.1. TRIBUTE. TAX. FEE. RENT. CONTRIBUTION. OBLIGATIONS e c. 611 2.4.1.3. SOCIAL CLASSES 92 2.4.1.3.1. KING. MAGNATE. KNIGHTS. NOBILITY. DIGNITARY 267 2.4.1.3.2. LORDSHIP STATUS 9 2.4.1.3.3. PEASANT POPULATION 226 2.4.1.3.4. MIDDLE CLASS 25 2.4.1.3.5. PROCESSION. COURTIAN. SERVANTS. SERVANT POPULATION 148 2.4.1.4. EDUCATION 0 2.4.1.4.1. TRAINING 0 2.4.1.4.1.1. SCHOOL. UNIVERSITY. SELF-EDUCATION 251 2.4.1.4.1.2. GUILD 31 2.4.1.4.2. UPBRINGING 9 2.4.1.4.2.1. HOME UPBRINGING 5 2.4.1.4.2.2. RELIGIOUS UPBRINGING 14 2.4.1.4.2.3. KNIGHTLY UPBRINGING 6 2.4.1.4.3. CARE 80 2.4.1.5. ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 0 2.4.1.5.1. JUDICIAL SYSTEM 3880 2.4.1.5.2. PUNISHMENT 381 2.4.1.5.3. MEDIATION 1 2.4.1.5.3.1. MEDIATOR 21 2.4.1.5.3.2. MEDIATING 52 2.4.1.5.3.3. MEDIATION FEE 4 2.4.1.5.4. REMEDY. COMPENSATION. KEEPING COMMITMENT 96 2.4.1.6. KEEPING ORDER. MAINTAINING SECURITY 102 2.4.1.7. ARMY. WAR. FIGHT 722 2.4.1.8. MOVEMENT 646 2.4.1.8.1. LAND ROUTE. WATER ROUTE 527 2.4.1.8.2. OTHER COUNTRIES. CONTACTS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES. RESIDENTS OF OTHER COUNTRIES 186 2.4.1.9. LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION. TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION. MAIL. 382 2.4.2. FAMILY. LINEAGE 45 2.4.2.1. IDENTITY. GOOD BIRTH. BAD BIRTH 169 2.4.2.2. MARITAL STATUS. WEDDING 375 2.4.2.3. RELATIVE. RELATED 645 2.4.2.4. FUNERAL 80 2.4.2.5. WIDOWHOOD. ORPHANAGE. INHERITANCE. DOWRY 154 2.4.3. SOCIAL CONTACTS. EVENTS. CUSTOMS 1938 2.4.3.1. MORALITY 2161 2.4.3.2. COMMITMENT. PROMISE. PLEDGE. OATH. COVENANT 446 2.4.3.3. TESTING 23 2.4.3.4. HELP. KINDNESS 919 2.4.3.5. CONSENT. AGREEMENT 275 8 2.4.3.6. CONFLICT 1887 2.4.3.7. HONOUR 241 2.4.3.8. DISGRACE 233 2.4.3.9. ETIQUETTE. CONVENANCE. VULGARITY 49 2.4.4. LANGUAGE. COMMUNICATION 6 2.4.4.1. SPEAKING SKILL. MANNER OF SPEAKING. ART OF PRONUNCIATION. VOICE FEATURES 210 2.4.4.2. STATEMENT 1976 2.4.4.3. WRITING 468 2.4.4.4. LANGUAGE CONTACTS. TEXT TRANSLATION 96 2.4.4.5. Linguis ic e ms 2.4.4.5.1. Naming; p ope name, nickname, e ms o e e ing o places, na ionali y, e c. 301 2.4.4.5.2. Wo ds wi h igu a i e meanings; compa isons, poe ic uses 1370 2.4.4.5.3. Wo ds p o ided wi h no es by he SS p edi o s conce ning seman ics, in lec ion, o igin, euphemiza ion, e c. 263 2.4.4.5.4. Meaning is no clea ly de ined by he edi o s o SS p 1074 2.4.4.6. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION 2.4.4.6.1. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION BODY 348 2.4.4.6.2. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION BODY and OBJECTS 19 2.4.4.6.3. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION. OBJECTS AND ELEMENTS OF NATURE 247 2.4.4.7. SILENCE 79 2.4.5. ACTION. CONDITIONING OF ACTION. HUMAN TRAITS THAT CONDITION ACTION e c. 3974 2.4.5.1. SUCCESS. PROSPERITY. SALVATION 278 2.4.5.2. FAILURE. MISFORTUNE. DIFFICULT SITUATION 413 2.4.6. WORK 12 2.4.6.1. WORK ORGANIZATION. PERFORMANCE OF WORK. ATTITUDE TOWARDS WORK. WORK RESULTS 223 2.4.6.1.1. PROFESSION. OCCUPATION. FUNCTION 976 2.4.6.1.2. WORKPLACE. PLACE OF STORING WORK RESULTS 99 2.4.6.1.3. TOOL. DEVICE. TANK. CONTAINER 1062 2.4.6.1.4. SUBSTANCE. LIQUID. MATERIAL 389 2.4.6.2. FOOD PRODUCTION 13 2.4.6.2.1. LAND ESTATE. FARM. PEASANT’S FARM 207 2.4.6.2.1.1. LIVESTOCK. OTHER ANIMALS CLOSELY RELATED TO HUMANS. ANIMAL BREEDING. HARNESSING. CARTS 790 2.4.6.2.1.2. AGRICULTURE. HORTICULTURE 867 2.4.6.2.1.3. BEEKEEPING 120 2.4.6.2.2. FISHING 129 2.4.6.2.3. HUNTING 83 2.4.6.3. CRAFTS. INDUSTRY 481 2.4.6.4. CONSTRUCTION. HABITATION 297 2.4.6.4.1. STRUCTURE. BUILDING. HOUSE e c. 249 2.4.6.4.2. PARTS OF A STRUCTURE. PARTS OF A BUILDING. SURROUNDINGS OF A STRUCTURE. SURROUNDINGS OF A BUILDING. FENCE 338 2.4.6.4.3. FURNITURE. KITCHEN UTENSILS. BEDDING. TABLECLOTH. TOWELS e c. 346 2.4.6.4.4. HEATING. LIGHTING 23 2.4.6.4.5. WATER SUPPLY. WATER USE 51 2.4.6.4.6. WORK IN AND AROUND THE STRUCTURE. WORK IN AND AROUND THE BUILDING. HOUSEWORK 125 2.4.7. FATIGUE. REST. HOLIDAYS. CELEBRATION. GAMES. MOTOR ACTIVITIES 535 2.4.8. THINGS AND MAN 22 2.4.8.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THINGS. EXCESS OF THINGS. LACK OF THINGS. UTILITY OF THINGS e c. 772 2.4.8.2. PHENOMENA RELATED TO MATTER 309 2.4.8.2.1. LIGHT. DARKNESS. FIRE. COLOUR 547 2.4.8.3. MATERIAL VALUE 2.4.8.3.1. PROPERTY, VALUE, TRADE. LOAN. WAGE. MEANS OF SUSTAINABILITY. DOWRY e c. 2935 2.4.8.4. RUIN. DESTRUCTION. DAMAGE 338 3. MAN and THE UNIVERSE and THE WORLD 4 3.1. TIME 1182 3.1.1. PAST 115 3.1.2. PRESENT 16 3.1.3. FUTURE 111 3.2. SPACE 1108 9 3.3. MOTION 1955 3.3.1. SPEED 132 3.4. CODEPENDENCE 3.4.1. FORM 357 3.4.2. STRUCTURE 293 3.4.3. PART. WHOLE 666 3.4.4. NUMBER. QUANTITY. DIMENSIONS 1593 3.4.5. INTENSITY. ACCUMULATION. FREQUENCY 512 3.4.6. RELATION. INDICATING. SIMILARITY. DIFFERENCE. BALANCE. PROPORTIONS 902 3.4.7. CHANGE. PROCESS. DURABILITY. REPEATABILITY. TYPICALITY 389 SUM OF ALL UNITS 79782 Table 1 con ains p ima ily concep s ha co-c ea e he classi ica ion scheme o he Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language. As is known, concep s a e a ep esen a ion ( e lec ion, mapping) o objec s in he use ’s mind, di iding in o conc e e and abs ac . They a e cha ac e ised by he ac ha hey a e no subjec o de ini ion and ha e hei sepa a e names. The linguis ic p ocess o assigning names o concep s ha a e supe io o lexical ma e ial ela ed by a common meaning, exce p ed om a dic iona y o ob ained in ano he way, is e e ed o as s uc u ing concep ualisa ion. A concep ual ca ego y is one o mo e concep s placed wi hin he SPJS classi ica ion scheme, cons i u ing i s smalles , g aphically sepa a ed pa ma ked wi h a numbe . Concep s in concep ual ca ego ies a e w i en in capi al le e s and sepa a ed by do s i hey appea in se ies, see o example 2.4.3.7. HONOUR, 2.4.6.1.1. PROFESSION. OCCUPATION. FUNCTION. Con inuous and discon inuous au o-seman ic uni s a e assigned o SPJS concep ual ca ego ies due o hei meaning. All names o SPJS concep s c ea e he concep ual sys em o he Old Polish ocabula y. The SPJS classi ica ion scheme, in addi ion o concep ual ones, also con ains desc ip i e ca ego ies. These ca ego ies we e assigned o hose con inuous and discon inuous au o-seman ic uni s exce p ed om he Dic iona y o Old Polish, he desc ip ion o which included some addi ional in o ma ion, e.g. me alinguis ic, conce ning hei occu ence in igu a i e meanings o he scope o unc ioning o gi en uni s (e.g. as p ope names, nicknames). O he desc ip i e ca ego ies g ouped hose uni s (mainly he names o plan s and animals) whose meanings in he Dic iona y o Old Polish a e gi en only in La in. A sepa a e desc ip i e ca ego y also ga he ed hose uni s whose meanings we e no clea ly de ined in he SS p. These da a complemen he image o medie al lexis o some ex en and p o ide some in o ma ion abou he Old Polish language. All SPJS concep ual ca ego ies, oge he wi h he names o concep s con ained in hem and desc ip i e ca ego ies, c ea e a hie a chical classi ica ion scheme o SPJS. A e ho e ing o e he concep ual ca ego y o he elec onic Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language ha in e es s he esea che and selec ing i , all he names o he dic iona y en ies appea on he igh side o he sc een, wi hin which he e a e au o-seman ic uni s assigned o i . Clicking on any o hese uni s edi ec s he use o he dic iona y en y, which includes he au o-seman ic uni ep esen ing he gi en concep . 16 Roge Pe e M. 2002: Roge ’s Thesau us o English Wo ds & Ph ases, 150 h anni e sa y edi ion, w i en by G. Da idson, London: The Penguin Re e ence Lib a y. Sie adzka-Baziu Bożena 2020: Onomazjologiczny słownik online. Me odologia, zawa ość, wyko zys anie w badaniach na p zykładzie „Słownika pojęciowego języka s a opolskiego” [Onomasiological online dic iona y. Me hodology, con en , use in esea ch based on he example o he “Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language”], edi o ial boa d U. Bijak, M. Ede , A. Ty pa, P. Żmig odzki, K aków: Ins i u e o Polish Language PAS. SPJS 2015: Słownik pojęciowy języka s a opolskiego [Concep ual Dic iona y o he Old Polish Language], ed. B. Sie adzka-Baziu , K aków: Ins i u e o he Polish Language PAS. In e ne Access: h p://spjs.ijp.pan.pl. SS p 1953−2002: Słownik s a opolski [Dic iona y o Old Polish] 1–11, ed. S. U bańczyk, W ocław, Wa szawa, K aków: Ossoliński Na ional Ins i u e, Polish Academy o Sciences Publishing House, Ins i u e o Polish Language PAS. SS pS 2014: Słownik s a opolski. Suplemen [Dic iona y o Old Polish. Supplemen ] 1 ( e ba absen ia), ed. E. Dep uchowa, K aków: Ins i u e o he Polish Language PAS. WSJP 2018: Wielki słownik języka polskiego [G ea Dic iona y o he Polish Language] PAN, ed. P. Żmig odzki, K aków: Ins i u e o he Polish Language PAS. In e ne Access: h ps://www.wsjp.pl. Zaune Adol 1903: Die omanischen Namen de Kö pe eile: Eine onomasiologische S udie. Romanische Fo schungen [The Romance Names o Body Pa s: An Onomasiological S udy] 14, 339–530.