KALBU
KONTAKTAI
LIETUVOS
TSR
LIETUVIU
KALBOTYROS
KLAUSIMAI
XXIII
(1983)
CTACE
KPAHULKAMTE
OBIT
COCTABIEHUA
JMTOBCKO-PYCCKOLO
CJIOBAPA
TIEPEXOJHBIX
TIATOJOB
Ka e opua
na ombuoil
Mepexo HocTH
MOHMMaeTCA
HAMM
Kak
JleKCHKO- paMMa-
THYeCKad
KATe OpHA,
OCHOBAHHAT
Ha
MpPOTHBOMOCTABICHHH
Fla osOB,
KOTOpbIe
MO YT
HMCTb
IpH
ceGe
MpaAMoe
JOMOMHeHHe,
H
Ta OMOB,
KOTOPbIe
C
MpsxMBIM
1O-
jlomHeHHeM
coyeTaTEcs
He
Mo yT
(Lie u iy
kalbos
g ama ika,
1971,
p.
179;
Jakai-
iené
E.,
1976,
p.
109).
B
sm oscKoM
«3bIke,
pac ioma aoulemM
CHcTeMoi
AHaTe3-
HBIX
IPOTHBOMOCTAaBIeHHH,
Apo
MpOTHBOMOCTaBeHH
HO
MepexOTHOCTH
COCTaB-
JMOT
COOTHOMIeHHA
ia osoB
¢
pa3mM4HOi
Mopiomo muecKoi
c pyxTypoi .
Ha
OcHOBe
aHasH3a
Moposo Myeckoli,
cHoBOOOpas0BaTeAbHOM
CTPYKTYPbI
F1a os0B,
3aHKcHpoBaHHBIx
B
,,COBape
coBpeMeHHO O
sHTOBCKO O
s#3bIka“
(Daba inés
lie u iy
kalbos
Zodynas,
1972),
BpiyensioTCH
TPH
OCHOBHBIX
THIla
la OuIbHbIX
OMmMmo3nHii,
COOTBeTCTBYIOWIHX
TpeM
HCTOpH¥ecKHM
MuiacTam:
I
—
onmo3HiyHH
TH-
Ha
,,BHYTpeHHaA
yua esa
//
BHeMHAT
QuaTesa“
( i s i
,,BanuTEca®
//
e s i
.,Ba-
auTb“),
KOTOpBIe
OpMaNbHO
BbIPAKalOTCA
MpOTHBOMOCTaBNeHHeM
aOnayTHBIX
c yneneii
KopHa
H
npoTHBonoc aB eHHeM
duexcui ;
Il
—
ommo3HiHH
THMa
,,HeKay-
3aTHBHEI
na on
//
Kay3aTHBHBI
na on“,
PopMaNbHEIMH
IpH3HakKaMH
KOTOPBIX
ABNAIOTCA
MpOTHBOMOCTaBIeHHA
abNayTHBIX
cTyneHel
KopHaA
H
cbieKcHi ,
a
Tak-
xe
OTCYTCTBHE—HanHYHe
cOBOOOpazoBaTeNbHBIX
cydpuxcos
-(d)in i,
-(d)y i,
(wanp.,
bag i
,uy a eca*
//
baugin i
,.ny a e“);
I
—
onmmo3suyuH
Tuma
,,HeBOS-
BpaTHbii
ia on
//
BosBpaTHBii
ia om“,
KOTOpble
XapakTepH3y1OTCA
MPOTHBO-
MlocTaBeHHeM
OTCYTCTBHA—HANHYHA
BOSBpaTHO!
yacTuIBI
-si
(HaMIp.,
eng i
,onepa s“
|/
eng is
,,onesa pca)
(Paulauskiené
A.,
1979,
p.
26;
Kpwunuyxaii e
C.,
1980,
p.
12).
Bce
aHHble
onmo3HiHH
OGO3HaYaIOT
CeMaHTHYeCKOe
MpOTHBOMOCTaBIeHHe
,»coc osuue
//
ielic a e“,
T.
e.
MPOTHBOTOCTaBJIeHHe
MO
OTHOMICHHIO
ia oubHO O
qei c ausx
k
e o
cy6bex y.
Oxo
caa3aHo,
ocoGeHHO
Mp
na omax
c
BHe uHel
BHYTpeHHeli
AHaTe3Oii,
C
MPOTHBOMOCTAaBIeCHHEM
HCOMYMCBICHHBIX
H
OYUICBICHHEIX
(ulpe
—
HHAKTHBHEIX
H
AKTHBHBIX)
cy6sex os
(C enanos
FO.
C.,
1977,
c.
135-152).
TaxuM
o6pa30M,
epexogHocTb
B
COGcTBeHHOM
CMBICHe
CNOBa
KaK
CBOHICTBO
CO-
YeTAHHA
C
IIpAMBbIM
OGBCKTOM
ABACTCH
JIMIIb
COMYTCTBYIOUIMM
IIpH3HaKOM,
YTOU-
HAIOUIKM
OCHOBHOe
3HAaYeHHe
ia oma.
i
B
na em
cnopape
mpuposa ca
HanGonee
y no peOuTenbHbIe
NpOTHBOMOCTaBIIe-
HHA
MepeXOMHBIX
H
HeMepeXOMHBIX
P1a oOB,
IpHBOHMEBIX
B
,,COBape
COBpeMecH-
HOFO
JIMTOBCKOTO
#3bIKa“.
Mb
pac ucasiH
1a ONbHble
CHOBA
B
OMNMOSHIIHH
Ha
OCHO-
175

OTXOAT
Ha
BTOPOli
MIAH
HIM
HCYe3aIOT,
TAK
KAK
la os
c
BHEMMHe!
MHaTes0i
BBI-
TeCHAeTCA
FAa OsIOM
Kay3aTHBHEIM
CO
CHOBOOGpas0BaTeMbHBIM
CydpHKCOM,
HalIp.,
g azin i
,pepnyTs“
pMecTo
g ez i
,,BepHyTb“,
BcNescTBHe
YeTo
ONMO3MUMA
THIIa
..BHYTPCHHAS
MuaTesa
//
BHemMHA
MHaTe3a"
(g iZ i
//
g ez i)
samenaeTCA
ommosHUHeH
Tama
,,Hekay3aTHBHEi
na on
//
KaysaTHBHBIi
aa on
(g iz i
//
g azin i).
Anano-
THYHO
B
HEKOTOPEIX
ONMO3HUMAX
THA
,,BHYTPeHHAA
AuaTe3za
//
BHEIIHAA
qmua esa“
ua oybl
C
BHYTpeHHeH
WHaTeso
BEITeCHAIOTCA
BOSBPATHBIMH
Tia ouaMH,
BCIICA-
CTBHE
Ye o
STH
OMMO3HIMH
3aMeHAIOTCA
ONMO3HIHAMH
THIIa
,,HeBO3BpaTHBIi
ia~
ox
//
BosspaTHs
na on“.
Hanp.,
B
HKOTOPbIX
3HAYeHHAX
MHaTesHad
OIMO3HIVA
kil i_,omauma sca“
//
kel i
,nomauma s“
Be ecuae ca
ommo3Hunel
kel is
,,10-
auma sca“
//
kel i
,,woqauma s“.
Takum
o6pa30m,
HaOmlo aeTca
HeKOTOpas
TeH-
nena
k
Gonbulei
pamMMaTHueckoi
BbIPASHTebHOCTH
onno3HMii
(IpoTHBOTOCTaB-
jeHHa
abayTHBIX
cTyneHel
KOpHA
OTOABHTaOTCA
Ha
BTOpO
Wak
Kak
HeOCTa-
TOYHO
BLIPAsHTeMbHBIe).
D a
TeHACHUMA
MpeycTaeT
COBHO
B
qboxyce
mpx
cpaBHe-
HHH
C
COBPeMeHHEIM
PYCCKHM
3bIKOM,
Ile
GoNbINAHCTBY
OMNO3HUMH
THIa
,,BHYT-
peHnHas
yua esa
//
BHEMIHAT
AHaTe3a~
JIMTOBCKOTO
A3bIKa
COOTBETCTBYIOT
OMMO3HUMH
Tuna
,,bo3spaTHbii
aa on
//
HeBO3BpaTHBI
ia om
(ceMaHTHYeCKoe
MpoTHBO-
noc apyienue
,,coc osHue
cyOsex a
//
Zelic aue
cyObexTa“).
BsawMonepexosbl
Ha3BaHHbIX
TaCTOB
B
UPHHUMMe
CBAIAHI,
M0-BHMMOMY,
¢
TEM,
4TO
BCe
OHH
B
COBPEMCHHOM
JIMTOBCKOM
S3bIK¢
HMCIOT
OHO
HM
TO
Xe
3HAYe-
Hue
(COMaHTHYECKOe
NPOTHBONOCTABICHHE
,,COCTOAHHE
cy6sex a
//
e ic sue
cyGbex-
+a“)
H
osToMy
HaGmosaeTcH
TeHAeHUMA
K
e o
YHHHIMPOBaHHOMY
BbIpaxe-
HHO.
Tlocnemuwe
CHBHIH
CBa3aHbI
HC
XapakTepoM
cyOsex Ta.
Tak,
HallpHMep,
BBILIIe-
YNOMAHYTad
ONMOSHIMA
THA
,,BHYTPeHHAd
uaTesa
//
sHemmaa
qua esa“
kil i
HomHuMa eca®
//
kel i
,,10qHHMaTb“
B
COBPeMeHHOM
JIMTOBCKOM
JIHTepaTyPHOM
sabike
OOBITHO
OGO3HaYAeT
MpOTHBOMOCTaBeHHe
,,cocToaHHe
mpe Me a
//
MeiicT-
BHe
YeOBeKa
WIM
Kako o-nH6o
o ymlepmeHHO o
cyilecTBa“,
B
TO
BpeM&
Kak
BbI-
Tecnsioma
ee
ONNO3HIMA
THMa
,,Bo3BpaTHE i
aa on
//
HesosspaTHbii
aa om*
kel is
,,noqHuma sca*
//
kel i
,,noqHHMaTs“
o6o3HaYaeT
MpoTHBOMOCTaBIICHHe
,COCTOSHHe
YeNOBEKA
WK
Kako o-s1HG0
osymMesneHHO O
cymec sa
//
AelicTBHe
4e-
wlopeka
HIM
Kako o-24H60
omymesneHHo o
cymec Ba“.
Ho
B
HeKOTOPBIX
BO-
CTOWHOAayKWITAaHTCKHX
TOBOpaX
ye
B
OGOHX
CYIAX
B
OMpeAeCHHBIX
KOHTEKCTAX
yno pe61MOTCA
ONNO3HUMM
THHA
,,BOSBpaTHbIi
Ta o
//
weposppaTHb i
na on™.
Takum
o6pa30M,
BO3BpaTHBIe
Pi1a ouibl,
CO eTAaIONHeCA
C
Gonee
WIHpOKHM
Kpy-
TOM
cy6beKTos,
4eM
Pa os
C
BHYTPeHHei
MHATesO!,
HMeIOT
TeHACHIHIO
EX
BbI-
Tecua b.
C
TOXKH
3peHHA
KYJIBTYPBI
pei
B
MaHHOM
ciyyae
OGpasye es
cnabad
TOI
ka,
Oco6eHHO
MpH
MepeBomax
c
pyccKo o
#3biKa
Ha
THTOBCKHI.
B
pyccKOM
s3bIKe
Take
OTMeNaeTCA
HaHYHe
MOp(OMO H¥ecKHX
THIOB
MepeXOMHBIX
T1a ol0B
(Buxo pasos
B.
B.,
1972,
c.
503),
aHaNO H4HBIX
BEIABIACMbIM
B
JIHTOBCKOM
S3bIKe,
Hamp.,
THI
Kay3aTHBHBIX
ia osioB
nums
|/
nou,
pacmu
||
pacmumb,
HO
OH
TIped -
CTaBJICH
B
PYCCKOM
S3bIKe
JIMS
HECKObKHMM
CHOBAMH,
38
HCKMOYHHEM
MOATHITA
OTBIMCHHEIX
la o0B
beaemp
|/
Geaumb,
Ko TopsIi
sBAaeTCA
Gouee
ABHEIM
H
pe y-
aapHb
(JloGamxosa
C.
T.,
1977,
c.
5).
Cpenu
MopouO HyeckHX
THIOB
Hepexos-
197
HEIX
FATONOB
B
PyCCKOM
A3bIKe
HaHGoNee
BECOM
H
MPOAYKTHBEH
THI
BOSBPAaTHBIX
ua onos
(mexamoca
||
mename)
(Myc elixuc
K.,
1972,
c.
169).
Tak
Kak
yno pe6seHHe
ia ou0B
B
oGoux
a3bIKax
He
MoxkeT
ObITh
CHMMCTPH4-
HBIM
(ocOGeHHO
B
3ABHCHMOCTH
OT
OTI{CJIbHBIX
3HayeHni
a ojioB
MW
HX
CO eTaHHA
c
pa3yIMYHBIMH
cyObeKTaMH),
Ha
OCHOBe
MO@XbAIBIKOBOH
HHTepiepenUHH
BOSHHKA~
JOT
OMu6KH
He
TONBKO
B
BEIGOpe
Ta ONbHOTO
CHOBA
(aexcem!),
HO
H
B
BBIGOpe
Mopdomo muecko o
THIla
MepexomHo o
ua ona,
namp.:
isi
susi alpino
(= ilpo)
bce
TloMecTHsHch“,
mésa
gadinasi
(=genda)
,.maco
mop u ca™,
él
éjas
keliasi
(=kyla)
,,ne ep
momHuMaeTca™,
o ai
kei iasi
(=kin a)
,,1o om a
Mense ca™,
pa eiks~-
las
skaidosi
(=skyla)
,o6pa3
pacmiemms eTca™
4
T.
TI.
Tlos omy,
Hcxoua
43
To o
dbak~
Ta,
¥TO
B
WKONe
pasHYeHHe
MepexO/HEIX
H
He lepexOAHBIX
THATONOB
yuaiuMucs
yosanpae es,
cilelyeT
KeNaTb,
YOO!
MaHHOe
pas
IHYeHHe
B
YCIOBHAX
ABY3bI4MA
KAK
Mpa
O6y4eHHH
JHTOBCKOMY
s3bIKY,
TAK,
T10-BHAHMOMY,
H
TIpH
o6y4eHHH
pyccKoMy,
GiI0
y uyOseHo
on o3HaHHeM
HM
MOp*OsO HYeCKHX
THIOB
nlepexoMHBIX
ia osoB.
CIIMCOK
JIATEPATYPbI
Bano pasos
B.
B.
Pyccxuii
s3nik.
2-¢
#32.
—
M.,
1972.
Kpananxaii e
C.
A.
K
o6me
Teopau
ma ombHol
nepexoMHOCTH
(wa
MaTepHane
JTHTOBCKOTO
#3bi-
xa):
Ap oped.
xaHa.
auc.
—
M.,
1980,
Jlo6am«osa
C.
I.
Cnosoo6pa3opaTembuas
CTpyKTypa
M
CeMaHTHKA
COOTHOCHTEMbHBIX
nepexon-
Ex
/
HenepexomHEIX
(c
cyhuxcamH
-H-
/-€-)
T1a OTOB
B
COBPEMCHHOM
PYCCKOM
ABIKC:
As oped.
Kaa.
auc.
—
M.,
1977.
Myc eiixuc
K,
Conoc apu embuaa
Mopono HA
pyCCKOTO
H
JIMTOBCKOFO
A3bIKOB.
—
Bu ssioc,
1972.
C enanos
10.
C.
Bux,
3ano ,
nepexomuoc s.
—
Mas,
AH
CCCP.
Cep.
aHT-pbi
s3bika,
1977,
T.
36,
Baim.
2.
Daba inés
lie u iy
kalbos
Zodynas.
—
V.,
1971,
.
2.
Jakai iené
E.,
Laigonai é
A.,
Paulauskiené
A.
Lie u iy
kalbos
mo ologija.
—
V.,
1976.
Lie u ig
kalbos
g ama ika.
—
V.,
1972.
Paulauskiené
A.
G ama inés
lie u iy
kalbos
eiksmaZodzio
ka ego ijos.
—
V.,
1979.
S.
KRINICKAITE
LIETUVIY
IR
RUSY
KALBY
TRANZITYVIUJY
VEIKSMAZODZIQ
ZODYNO
SUDARYMO
PATIRTIS
Reziumé
Veiksmazodzio anzi y umas
sup an amas
kaip
leksiné-g ama iné
ka ego ija,
Ku i
eiskiama
opozicijomis
eiksmazodziy,
galin¢iy
u é i
iesioginj
objek a,
i
eiksmaZodziy,
negalin iy
u é i
iesioginio
objek o.
Zodyne
eiksmaZodziai
pa eikiami
pagal
is
mo ologinius
opozicijy
ipus
=
1)
idinés
i
iSo inés
dia ezés
opozicijos
(bi i
|/
be i),
2)
nekauza y iniy
i
kauza y iniy
eiksmazo-
dziy
opozicijos
( e k i
||
i kdy i),
3)
nesang aziniy
i
sang aziniy
eiksmazZodziy
opozicijos
(p aus-
i
||
p aus is).
Manoma,
kad
isi
Sie
opozicijy
ipai
eiSkia
seman ing
opozicija
,,b0sena
//
eiksmas",
ku ios
pag inda
suda o
eiksmazodziy
p iesp iesinimas
pagal
eiksmo
san ykj
su
subjek u,
Tai
opozicijos
eiksmazodiiy,
uz iksuo y
,,Daba inés
lie u iy
kalbos
Zodyne“
(1972).
198