200 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXV
DOVILĖ TAMULAITIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Di ec ions o scien i ic esea ch: oponymy, accen ology.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
LITHUANIA The UPI and he Lake
The name KILM
Conside a ions on he O igin o Se e al
Names o Li huanian Ri e s and Lakes
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle conside s new o e ined exis ing hyd onyms al eady analyzed in oponymic wo ks
M glonas M glius, Mùmelis, Pasõdgi is, Pã y alis, P šenas, Rū elĩs, Ské dynas, Ské džia,
Ske dumà Ske dýksnà Ske dýksnà Ski dyksnà, Šẽkš is, Šėkš ėkš is, Šẽs ýs Šẽkš is,
Šė lpėynis, U šulis, Žadik, Žadik, Žadik, Žadik, Žadik, Žadik, Žadik, Žadik, Žadik, Žadik, Žadik, Žadik,
Žadik. Al e na i e explana ions o he o igin a e aised based on he analysis o he spelling o
wa e wo ds, hei mo i a ions, he oponymic con ex and o he linguis ic da a. The
ollowing wo ds a e included: onomas ics, oponymy, o igin o wa e ma ks, mo i a ion o
wa e ma ks, c ossing o wa e ma ks.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The ollowing is a lis o no able people who ha e been awa ded he Nobel P ize in Physiology o
Medicine, lis ed in alphabe ical o de by su name o amily name. - "The Nobel P ize in Physiology o
Medicine is awa ded annually o scien is s who ha e made signi ican con ibu ions o he ield o
biomedical sciences, ..." Al e na i e in e p e a ions o hei o igin a e p oposed, e e ing o
he analysis o he accen ua ion and mo i a ion o hyd onyms, he oponymic con ex and o he
linguis ic da a. KEYWORDS: onomas ics, oponymy, o igin o hyd onyms, mo i a ion o hyd onyms,
accen ua ion o hyd onyms.
S aipsniai / A icles 201
Pas a s ymai dėl kelių lie u ių upių i eže ų a dų kilmės
Lie u ių upių i eže ų a dų kilmė y a sulaukusi nemažai iek Lie u os, iek
I 's been s udied qui e ex ensi ely by o eign linguis s. Li huanian hyd onyms
a e impo an o he e ymological s udies o Kazimie Bugas, P ano
Ska džis, B onio Sa ukinas and o he linguis ic wa e names, bu he mos
de ailed hyd onyms ( hei cons uc ion, seman ics, o igin) a e analyzed in he
wo k o he onomas ic Aleksand Vanago (1970; 1981; 1981a). The e ymological
dic iona y o Li huanian hyd onyms p epa ed by his linguis (1981) examines
he o igin o he names o mos Li huanian i e s and lakes, desc ibing lig oline s udies.
New da a on he o ma ion o hyd onyms, hei ela ionship o o he oponyms,
mės aiškinimai y a ko eguojami, s a s omos ki okios jų kilmės galimybės, nes
e c. a e eme ging om ea lie use o wa e names in cu en oponymic wo ks
(Bilkis 2006, 2011, 2014; Ga liauskas 2013 and o he s). While s udying he p e-his o ic
hyd onyms, he ci cumna iga ion pa e ns and he ac o s ha de e mined hem
we e ca e ully e alua ed he hypo heses o he o ma ion and o igin o he
wa e men p esen ed in he oponymic wo ks. In he s udy o a ious aspec s o
hyd onyms, i was no iced ha he o igin o he names o some i e s and lakes
could be explained di e en ly han o he esea che s (see Tamulai ienė 2020).
The pu pose o he a icle is o p esen new and o cla i y he assump ions abou he o igin o he
names o i e s and lakes al eady discussed in he oponymic wo ks o se e al places. A e
e alua ing ea lie hypo heses o he o igin o wa e names, al e na i e explana ions a e conside ed
based on he analysis o he hyd onymic spelling (and i s ela ionship o he accen o he basic
wo ds), mo i a ion, s uc u e, oponymic con ex , geolinguis ic and o he linguis ic da a. Some da a
we e no p e iously eco ded by esea che s (e.g., pa o he common ances al oponyms) o
ecei ed insu icien a en ion om hem (e.g., he spelling o wa e names). Desc ip i e analy ical,
s uc u al analysis, compa a i e, and geolinguis ic me hods a e applied o he ma e ial unde s udy.
The analysis o hyd onym c ossing is based on he p inciples o mo phological accen ology. The sea
u chin […] he sea u chin up. NmŽ (C. Hennenbe ge 's 16 h cen u y (1584 and 1595) maps o P ussia2
indica e he gende o Mi gla3)4. The e's also M[…] glonai plk. (VK5). Names a e de i ed om he ain. o
shine, o shine b igh ly; The map is based on he P ussian maps o 1584 and la e , p epa ed acco ding o
he maps o C. Hennebe ge , a ailable on he In e ne (see Hennebe ge 1584, 1634, 1638). 2 See also:
h ps: www.mlimuziejus.l o mazosios-lie u os-is o ijos-muziejus o
mazozoji-lie u a-i p usija-senasii-zemelapiuose; The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is
compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU. 3 Vanagas (1981: 218)
ci es (pe haps inco ec ly) he map o Ha noch II as a sou ce.
4 Pė e ai is (1992: 126) indica es ha i is also called M glonė. PKK and P ano Ska džis (1943: 282)
indica e he gende o M gluonas.
5 Už ašy a Palend ių (1960 m.) i Degučių k. (1981 m.).
DOVILĖ TAMULAITIENĖ
202 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXV o mo e, o mo e, o mo e, o mo e, o mo e,
o mo e, o mo e, o mo e, o mo e, o mo e, o mo e, o mo e, o mo e. Thei
mo i a ion is ela ed o wa e gli e , ligh , e c. (Vanagas 1981: 218; 1981a: 99;
Pė e ai is 1992: 126, 203; see also LV GDB). The possibili y o such an o igin is en i ely
unlikely, due o he mo i a ion o he ain. I 's going up. Kpč (Mažiulis 2013: 611[…]612
[=1996: 149[…]151])7, Žibà […] Žibãlė up. He is a membe o he Se bian na ional eam. Plng,
Žibùlė up. Wha a e you doing? Lb , he spide is up. I is also known as he "ligh ning
bol " (Vanagas 1981: 400; 1981a: 100) and he "ligh ning bol " (Vanagas 1981: 400; 1981a:
100). Howe e , he expansion o he oo mi gl-8 allows us o conside ha he
hyd onyms a e p ima ily ela ed o he ain. m gla […]kas nep ima o, spangys[…], le .
mi glin[…] i […]me k is, ma ks y is (eye ca e)[…], le . mi[…]glin i: […]Mi glin i is o en
cons an ly no iced[…] (LKŽ)9, plg. mi glius[…]10: […]Looking a a pe son, i gi es a e y
ku ie oliau jau sie ini su mi g i. Dėl a dažodžių analogijos plg. lie . m kla
dense glimpse o he ain[…] (Juška), 2020 m<unk, because i is mi k, mi k, mi k, mi k,
mi k[…]. In his case, he mo i a ion o he i e names M glonas M glius could be
ela ed o he cha ac e is ics o he wa e low, i.e. he non-spa kling s eam o
he i e , e c. I 's going up. (Bilkis 2014: 151) 11, Ku inỹs up. (Bilkis 2014: 151) Ku inỹs
up. (Bilkis 2014: 151) Ku inỹs up. (Bilkis 2014: 151) Ku inỹs up. (Bilkis 2014: 151) Ku inỹs
up. (Bilkis 2014: 151) Ku inỹs up. (Bilkis 2014: 151) Ku inỹs up. (Bilkis 2014: 151) Ku inỹs
up. (Bilkis 2014: 151) Ku inỹs up. Rg (Ligh . cu aneous […]ku čias[…], ligh . cu aneous […]aklinai, comple ely[…]) (also) 12, […]klė up. Dbg, Imb , K š (Li huanian: ãklas, -à […] amsus; closed, blind) (Vanagas 1981:
37; LVŽ 1: 34–36). Dėl ap a iamųjų hid onimų šaknies ki čio i akū inės p ie-
gaidės (1 a. p.) (LUEV: 10413) plg. m gla (1 a. p.) (LKŽe) (da ž . Tamulai ienė
2020: 92).
A en ion should also be paid o he possible connec ion o he hyd onyms in ques ion wi h he small,
pu ple, pu ple, pu ple, pu ple, pu ple, pu ple, pu ple, pu ple, pu ple, pu ple, pu ple, pu ple, pu ple.
Gene ically, his e b is also associa ed wi h ain. mi g[…]- 6 Unless o he wise no ed, he meanings o
he wo ds a e gi en om he elec onic e sion o he Li huanian ocabula y
(he eina e e e ed o as LKŽe).
7 Vanagas (1981: 204) connec s he wa e name wi h he ain. mã ės, mã ios ‘sea. 8 Vanagas
M glonas a ibu es he hyd onym o he p e ix -onas edinių, bu he does no commen mo e
b oadly on he o igin o he p o e b (ž . Vanag 1970: 188; see also LV GDB; and (Sc oll down o page
282 o see he p e ixed e sion o his a icle.)
9 The e b miglin i ‘ o go emembe ed o mo e wi h a winkle, and also migly i ‘ o pou a li le, o
sp inkle o compa ison due o he oo mi g-lnu odo and Pė e ai is (1992: 126).
10 A p ope desc ip ion o a pe son.
11 Vanagas (1981: 247) conside s he hyd onym o be a p e ix om a d. Spi and
spi and spi . 12 Vanagas (1981: 175) ela es o he bi ds o he Te e in amily in he ainy season.
13 The a ian M glius is no eco ded he e.
14 The bounda ies o he dialec s in his a icle a e es ablished on he basis o he maps p o ided by he
Li huanian language dialec s ch es oma ologie (2004).
A icles o he T ea y A icles 203
Pas a s ymai dėl kelių lie u ių upių i eže ų a dų kilmės
You, please. I 's like, you know, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like,
i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like,
i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i 's like, i is o
i 's no . I 's like, you know, i 's like, you know, i 's like, you know, i 's like, you know,
i 's like, you know, i 's like, o winkle, o winkle, o winkle; Linen, co on o linen
clo h By analogy, he i e name Mu gãlis Klp, which is nex o he connec ions
wi h la. he wa e is no hea y, he wa e is no hea y, he wa e is no hea y,
he wa e is no hea y, he wa e is no hea y, he wa e is no hea y e y small ain, ain. mu gló as, -a […]wi h small ain, miglo as[…], e c. (Kiseliūnai ė 2020: 48; Pė e ai is 1992: 127)15 can be ela ed o ain. mu g i, mù ga […]small ly i, pu kš i[…] G g. Howe e , doub s abou he ela ionship be ween he wa e names M glonas M glius and he e b migly i ha e hei oo s
p iegaidžių ski umas.
I 's a whi lwind. The Gl. Mummels 16 (PKK) is also he e. Alexande Vanag (1981: 221) eluc an ly
associa es he wa e wo d wi h he ain. A oolish, clumsy man, ain. will no be […]; possibly plg. This
is a lis o ai po s in Es onia, so ed by loca ion. The o he oo s a e mum u inčius onimus Mumia
mš., p . R (and Mùmiškė upl. R 17), also known as Mumiškis upl. 18 (VK) mo e g ound is connec ed o
he a d. Mùmas (Zinke ičius 2008: 119), also known as Mumis o pl. is . he ollowing pa ag aph is
inse ed: Ch is opho us Mumis Ad 1657 m. (IAK), i s bo n Mumà D (Bu kus 1995: 317), al hough he
possibili y o an appealable o igin is no uled ou . Bo h he hyd onym Mùmelis and he helonym
Mumẽlė a e ela ed o he mùmas, he mùmėlis is doub ul om he poin o iew o mo i a ion19,
al hough he e a e analogies, see. I 's going o go up. Pk (li e ally sel ishness […]which is incomple e
eason, ca elessness, jealousy[…]), Lebedà up. Dbk, Pb d (Li huanian: lebedà ‘iš ižęs, ne angus, a
man who has been le behind, a man who has been le behind, a man who has been le behind)
(Vanagas 1981: 292, 184; 1981a: 87, 86). Pe haps mo e likely (especially he name o he ball) is he
connec ion wi h he su name mùmas wi h i s meaning "child en's shel e , baubas" in mind. I would
be a place (ball, lake) whe e he e a e mummies o he like, plg. helonimus Vaidùlė b. Sug, b., s . Skm,
s . Wha a e you doing? An, Čln and he hyd onym Vadulė up. Dbk, Vaidulis up. Wha a e you doing?
This is Vaidyanis up. Sd (in Li huanian: adas ‘ aiduoklis, šmėkla, aidalas) (Bilkis 2008: 101; Vanagas
1981: 358; also see Vanagas 1981a: 11011). I is also known as Vanagas 1981a: 11011). The compa ison o
Vanden a d Mùmelis wi h mùmas, mùmėlis aises a numbe o doub s also due o he a ea o appeal
p e alence. Acco ding o he LKŽ, hese nouns a e common in eas e n high- ise apa men buildings
and apa men buildings. See also he same 15 Vanagas (1981: 221[…]222) who conside s hyd onym o
be a Vedic om he Ge manic mù gas […]ma gas, a measu e o land[…]. The same objec is mos
likely eco ded as a ball in 1983 (VK). 17 Vandenbe g is no eco ded in he wo ks o LUEV and Vanago.
I is eco ded in he land su ey o he illage o S i biškė in Rie a o alsčiaus dis ic o he
Telšiai dis ic o he T ansnis ia egion (1937). 18 Vandenbe g is no eco ded in he wo ks o
LUEV and Vanago. I was eco ded in he land su ey o he illage o Žadžiūnai in Šiauliai and
Valščiaus coun ies be ween 1935 and 1935. One o he meanings o his wo d is upė, upelis (LKŽe).
19 A wa e ma k belongs o he meaning o hyd onyms desc ibing he physical s a e o wa e
(Vanagas 1981a: 83 […] 86) This is a lis o he coun ies by numbe o inhabi an s.
DOVILĖ TAMULAITIENĖ
204 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXV he oo maũmas, maũmė ‘child en's
shel e , he shel e o he child en; silen , silen man, silen , silen , silen , silen ,
silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen ,
silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen ,
silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen ,
silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen ,
silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen ,
silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen ,
Eže o a das gali bū i g e inamas su andens augalo pa adinimu lie . mùmelė
silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen ,
silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , silen , and silen , and silen ,
and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and
silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen ,
and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and
silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen , and silen Hid onimus is loca ed
in he wes e n highlands o he Caucasus egion, in he municipali y o Uzhnaya.
The possibili y ha he appeals in ques ion could ha e been used in his a ea o
Li huania is no uled ou . On he o he hand, a di e en assump ion o he o igin
o he wa e name Mùmelis should be conside ed. (Mummel) […]lūgnė (Nupha )[…],
which is eco ded in he w i ings o he Eas P ussian and Klaipėda egions, F. Ku šaičio, G. H. F. Neselmano dic iona ies (ž . LKŽe; see also AK 2: 1438). Ge manism may also ha e been known in he Uppe Town (Gelgaudiškio apylinkėse 21), which in he 18 h cen u y belonged o P ussia (b oade see VLEe; MLEe). F om a mo i a ional poin o iew, i would be a lake wi h a lo o mummies and so on. The e a e many names o plan s associa ed wi h wa e names in Li huania (see Vanagas 1981a: 90[…]94), e.g. he names o plan s Ind a[…]lis ež. Ds (Lie . […]nd ė […]nend ė[…]), also known as Lùkš inis ež. Ml , Smal (Lie . lùkš as […] andens lelija[…]), Š ógin is also known as Smal. Ign (La in: š ógės […] okios balų žolės, nend ės[…]) (Vanagas 1981: 130, 198, 338) is he name o a plan ha is na i e o he sou he n pa o he coun y. Due o he s uc u e o he hyd onym plg. I 's he same hing. K k, Sem, V n (Lie . žiežul ‘ ed, mekš as), Lapk-is ež. This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his wo d. I is also known as he "wa e lily" o "wa e lily" o "wa e lily" o "wa e lily" o "wa e lily".
(see also Vanagas 1970: 65[…]66). The possibili y o he o igin o he name Mùmelė ( i s cen u y) is also
no opposed by he cons an hyd onym Mùmelis p imi i e skiemens ki is ( i s cen u y) (LUEV: 106).
I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. The KzR. I is belie ed ha he name o he i e is de i ed
om a compound name o some o he place (a o es o he like) *Pasod-gi is, he i s name o
which would be om Pasóda p . < i.e. a plo o land in he o es , gi en o he owne ; The land whe e
he co age s ands (Vanagas 1981: 247). Analysis o place names collec ed om li ing language da a
indica es ha he hyd onym Kildin in comes om he name Pasõdgi is o he meadow o plain. The
name o he illage is eco ded in he land su ey o he illage o Ma ack in he Kazliai alley be ween
1935 and 1923, and in he Helonimas 20 in Wes e n Li huania he e a e wo ds o close signi icance:
"silen ", "slow", "small man", "small man", "small man", "small man", "small man", "small man", "small
man", "small man", "small man", "small man", "small man", "small man".
21 I should be no ed ha he Gelgaudiškio mano was acqui ed in he 18 h cen u y by he ba on
on Keudelli amily and se led in he dis ic by many Ge mans (see mo e a
www.gelgaudiskis.l /his o y; h ps: www.mle.l /a icles h ps: pap use).
22 Vanago (1981: 247) (p esumably based on he name o he meadow Pasóda and he appella i e
Pasada chu ch), bu he au hen ici y o he acu e expec a ion is doub ul. LUEV: 119 indica es
he gende o he applican . Such ci cumcision is e idenced by he da a o he li ing language. 23
was w i en by eache Pe onėlė Pajaujy ė.

S aipsniai / A icles 205
Pas a s ymai dėl kelių lie u ių upių i eže ų a dų kilmės
iksuo as o pa ies alsčiaus Jū ės gi ininkijos anke oje (1936 m.)24, ku ioje nu-
I is indica ed ha dis ic 25 is nea he illage o Jū ės (VK; also see LV GDB). I is
much mo e likely ha he s eam ook he name o a meadow in he same illage.
Howe e , he illages o Ma ack and Ju ė a e bo de ed, so he connec ion wi h he
name o he dis ic canno be ejec ed. F om a mo i a ional poin o iew, i
would be h ough (p o) a meadow o a lowing s eam o some hing like ha . I is
no ewo hy ha in he ield name ques ionnai e, in he commen s sec ion, he
galima eig i, kad onimo Pasõdgi is pi masis dėmuo y a iš apelia y o pasodà, o
ne iš pie os a do Pasóda kaip many a Vanago. Beje, duomenų odančių, kad
sc ibe o he ield name no ed ha he e was "a o es gua d" he e. Thus, in he
a o emen ioned illages o nea by se lemen s he e was a meadow wi h his name, which he au ho o he a icle was unable o eco d26.
I 's up he e. See also The name Vanden is conside ed a de i a i e o he p e ix
*Ty alis, which is made wi h he diminu i e su ix -alis om he meadow name Tý ai
o Tý as (Vanagas 1981: 249). The da a on he loca ion o he i e ( iksliau upelio28)
and o he objec s gi en in he su ey o he name o he land o he Medingėnai
mano o he Ža ėnai alley o he Telšiai dis ic (1935)27 allows o conclude ha
he name o he i e is de i ed om he name o he nea by o es Ty alis. I
would be a s eam ha lows h ough o comes om he o es . The da plg.
Pã y alis o , as he case may be. Ž (VK; also see LV GDB). P šenas29 is e. I 's he
30 h. The name is associa ed wi h he hyd onym Pesas ež. M P esiden , I would like
o hank he Commissione o his eply. B b, he Pe šokšnà up. A sain is a sain .
Dkš and o he s, which a e he eina e e e ed o as he ain. p ã-pa šas,
p a-pe šà, p ó-pe ša ‘ he place whe e he ain has no allen; a a e place in he
o es , plg. s. i. pá ś-āna- ‘ a peklis, bedugnė, p a aja < ide. ♪ h ough ♪ ♪ h ough ♪
The oo is i s in e p e ed as he esul o he whi e apophony pa š-/pe š-/pi š
(Saukinas 1966: 169170; Vanagas 1981: 260, 245246; 1981a: 70). Howe e , i is no uled ou
ha he name o he lake P šenas is ela ed o he ain. (pl.) p šys, p šės, p šiai
‘a klio k ū inė, plg. s. sl. I'm going o ask you a ques ion. b eas b eas , which o igina es om he Bal ic language. ♪ I'm he one ha go away ♪ o wa d < i.e. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . p is equal o (i.e. p[…]ṣṭi […]šonkaulis[…] and he like) u he
24 Už ašė gi ininkas Juozas Ju kėnas iš An ano Mi kaus.
25 Ma y , as pa s objek as nu ody as kaip balos 1982 m. už ašy oje VK ko elėje (už ašė A. Mėdžiū ė).
26 A čiausiai o plo o pie a iksuo a Kup eliškių kaime (Pil iškių apyl.) (VK; 1981 m., už ašė
This is K. Eigminas. Also ixed es a es in he illages o Gulioniškių and Ka ališkės (VK; w i en by
O. A minienė in 1982). Bu s ill he meadow and he o cha ds a e (we e) a enough away om he Ma acks and
Objec s in he Ju ė illages.
The eache , Anelia Lau ence ich, hanked Pe e Vi kaus. 28 I is w i en, "He wen h ough he middle o
he cou ya d". The name o he ci y o Bujumbu a (Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a,
Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a,
Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a,
Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a, Bujumbu a and Bujumbu a a e also known. In he 30 h cen u y, he su ey o he Zemai kim dis ic o he Ukme ge dis ic eco ded he amous name o he lake, Pi šanka. An anas Lukošiūnas, he goalkeepe , has signed.
DOVILĖ TAMULAITIENĖ
206 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXV plg. o Li huanian descen . p (k)s s (Mažiulis
2013: 715 [=1996: 286287]; Smoczyński 1982: 222223; also see also BEŽK). The spoken
su names a e common in he wes e n dialec s (land and wes e n highland dialec s),
bu he noun p šys is also ixed in he a ea o he eas e n highland pane ėžiškio
dialec s (LkŽe). The appella ions could also be known in he eas e n Li huanian a ea,
whe e he e is a lake. The mo i a ion o he hyd onym P šenas would be based on
i s con igu a ion, i.e. p o uding, in he on , simila o a ches shape o a lake.
The e a e mo e wa e names adjacen o he names o he body pa s, e.g. he
ejacula o y names Pãpis Rdš (La in: pãpas ‘k ū is; spenys; wha an inequali y, a
gap), Pãkalas Lkm (La in: pãkalas ‘nuga a, zapakalis), Pakalỹs Š (La in: pakalỹs
‘žužpakalis) (Vanagas: 244, 1981; see also 239a: 65). Maybe e en mo e han ha .
P.R.S.T.S.P. is he name o he game. The Commission he e o e concludes ha he
aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c)
TFEU. This assump ion o o igin is suppo ed by he cons an wa e ma k P šenas
šaknies ki is (1 a.p.) (LUEV: 125), which can be associa ed wi h p šys, p šės, p šiai
ba i one chi ching (1 a.p.) (LKŽe; see also Tamulai ienė 2020: 117) o chi ching.
I 's going up. I 's called K š. The e is also Rū elia k. (ATSŽ: 269; VŽe) ( o me ly a
mano ). The hyd onym is compa ed o he names Ru elia[…] (o Rù eliai?) mš. K š,
Ru elė mš. K š, Ru elė mš. This is he name o he i e . Lnk , Ru elnė plk. Pln,
Rù elio kálnas kln. This is he name o he illage in which i is loca ed. The
Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h
A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he
applica ion o his Regula ion. See also Ru élkas (o Ru élkos) msh. T , please.
Ruwewange (Vanagas 1981: 285) was bo n in he illage o Ruwewange. A leas
some o he place names men ioned (e.g., Rù elio kálnas) can be linked o a d.
Rù elis (LPDB), Ru ẽlis, Rù elas (Zinke ičius 2008: 237, 130) o mo e commonly known
as ù elis ‘pik as žmogus, sukčius; I 's a whis le. Vanagas (1981: 285) dubiously
nes a dažodis ù elis u i pas o ų ki į šaknyje (1 a. p.) (LKŽe). Dėl ų pačių
p iežasčių kilmė iš a d. Rù elis aip pa labai abejo ina. Labiau pag įs a mo y-
connec s he su name wi h he las name, indica ing i s un eco ded meaning in
he LKŽ […] all, a man[…]31. The connec ion wi h he appella i e seems doub ul because o he mo i a ion (conside ed he hyd onym o he con igu a ional meaning) (Vanagas 1981a: 61). This assump ion o o igin is con adic ed by he ele a ion o he hyd onym ci cle (3b a.p.) (LUEV: 140), which seems o be ela ed o he hyd onym om he poin o iew o aca ion and s uc u e (as well as he ci cle). The Bible says: "Le you ligh shine be o e men, ha hey may see you good wo ks and glo i y you Fa he who is in he hea ens". You' e going up. Tj (Vanagas) is he name o a ish.
1981: 285).
I should be conside ed wi h cau ion ha he hyd onym e lec s he aphe esis
o he ibs and is de i ed om he ain. s i, s a ‘s u en i, ekė i, also plg.
s is ‘ low, lood. In his case, he disappea ance o he adjec i e is conside ed
spo adic, i.e. no indica ing lexibili y, lexibili y, lexibili y; ha d, igid; and k . This
Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The eason o his is ha he physical
p esence o wa e (wa e low and so on) is e y cha ac e is ic o hyd onyms
(see Vanagas 1981a: 83[…]90), plg. I 's going up. Lkm, Amajas is gone. Lkm, Amenas and so on. Lkm (: lie . alm i 31 As a sou ce, he dic iona y o he Li huanian language is indica ed.
A icles o he 207 h
Pas a s ymai dėl kelių lie u ių upių i eže ų a dų kilmės
o go slowly, slowly, slowly; g adually con e ging), Sál a […] Sal ùkas up. Bsg, Sál is
up. Wha a e you doing? I is also impo an o no e ha he Commission's p oposal
o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o
ca cinogens a wo k is based on he p inciple o equal ea men o men and
women. Due o he s uc u e o he hyd onym and he li ing ci cum e ence o he
plg. Me el is 3b e. S j, Temelỹs 3b up. Wha a e you doing? Gdž (Vanagas 1970: 124;
LUEV: 102, 172; also see Tamulai ienė 2020: 61 o he ci cumcision). I 's called
Ske dýnai k.32 (ATSŽ: 279; VŽe)) kilmė laikoma ne isiškai aiškia. Dėl edinių
su ske dyn- populia umo, plg. Ske dýnas b. Pk , Ske dỹnbalė b. Rk, Ske dỹnė
Ské dynas up. I 's called Ské dža up. Ml , Ske dumà […] Ske dùmė up. This is he
i s ime I' e seen his. K k, Ske dyksnà […] Ske dyksnà […] Ski dyksnà up. This is
he i s ime I' e seen his. The pb d. Hid onimo Ské dynas (also known as Pshl, Plk,
Pn, and msh. Dj, Ske dỹnės l. Vdk, b. Rd33, Vanagas (1981: 302) conside s ha he e
was a physiog aphic e m *ske dynas […]ske dimas[…] o he like, plg. ske d[…]mas
[…]ski s a miške mjes o, skynimas[…], which is u he connec ed wi h he e b lie .
ske[…]s i […]s iki ees, p une bushes o he like. (See also Kazlauskas 1968: 61). This
hypo hesis o o igin seems plausible, bu he di e en oo s o he hyd onym and
he e b aise ques ions. I can be conside ed ha he hyd onym Ské dynas
šaknies akū as is de i ed om he e b lie . ské dė i, -ėja (-i), -ėjo ‘eižė i, skeldė i,
daužė i, pleišė i; The analogy o cu ing, ixed and K ėda noje (ž . LKŽe). No is i
uled ou ha his e b can be conside ed as he oo wo d o he su name
Ské dynas in gene al; see also slaugh e house ‘s ongly di ided place (see also
Tamulai ienė 2020: 47). No wi h he e b ske[…]s i (Vanagas 1981: 302[…]303; 1981a: 71;
Kazlauskas 1968: 61), bu wi h ské dė i could also be linked he nouns (o a leas
some o hem) Ské džia, Ske dumà […] Ske dùmė, Ske dyksnà […] Ske diksnà […]
Ski dyks. The possibili y o he o igin o he la e hyd onym is suppo ed by he
genus Ski dyksnà, whose oo is ski dplg. I 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's
aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i 's aining, i is aining, i is aining, i is aining, i is aining I 's a place ha 's been se e ely damaged. I 's been damaged. I 's been damaged. a e ical c ack in he b eadc umbs. in he case o such o igin, due o hyd onym mo i a ion, plg. wa e ma k
Skis upis up. P n , Skis upelis up. Škn, Ski ziùs ež. Lp (: lie . skis i, skido)
(Vanagas 1981: 304; 1981a: 61) I is no su p ising, hen, ha he Uni ed S a es has become he wo ld's la ges economy.
Vanagas (1981: 328) is a wa e colo is om Šẽkš is ež. Als, his is Šẽkš ė up. S lp, please aise you
hand. Wi hou a doub , K š is p ima ily associa ed wi h he ains. This possibili y o o igin is allowed
by he 32nd su ey o he name o his illage in he 1935 su ey o he name o he illage by he
eache Ma ija Jagminai ė, which ixed he compound name o he i e Ske dýn, which is
conside ed he second o igin o he name o he illage Ske dýnai. 33 Fo mo e in o ma ion, see
Bilkis 2008: 183, 184. This is he i s ime ha he Commission has been able o do so. 34 On he o he
hand, i is u he con used wi h Šekš as ež. JnšM (also known as JnšM).
DOVILĖ TAMULAITIENĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li uanica LXXV is based mo e on he meaning o he un ixed
su name o Vanago. The wo o you will ind someone o suppo you. spu s, also plg.
šẽkš ė […]long ca d[…]. The mo i a ion would be based on he con igu a ion o lakes
and i e s (excluding, o example, pl. Shake i up. B ž, Shaka n is up. (: he ain
b anch […] psaco as[…]), Luknà up. I 's called Kl, Rdš, Skm, Vžns, Lùknis ež. Al and k . (:
lie . lùknas ‘whe e he agai goes o he coun y) (Vanagas 1981: 324, 197; 1981a: 62,
59).
I 's called he Holy G ail. I 's called E ž. In he a chi es o he Vie nams collec ed om he
li ing language, he e a e mo e han 70 oo s o he names o places ha a e illumina ed,
e.g., Š lpa gn., p . B ž, o Š ipinė. Shou , whis le. T , Š ilpỹnė d . Rs, k. J b, l. Klm, mš. She is a
membe o he Russian Academy o Sciences. S č, Šll and k . Some o hem (especially he
ea hwo ms) can be ied wi h aind ops, sho els, sho els, o some hing else o make a
noise; o con inue o be squeezed; When he bell ings, he wind blows. In oponymic wo ks,
he place names Š lpė up a e de i ed om his e b. (Van Gogh, 1971: 61; see Van Gogh, 1981:
338) and Shilpiškė, 36 b. Slk. (Bilkis, 2008: 86; see also LV, . GDB), wi hou doub ing he
possibili y o such an o igin. O he hyd onyms o he same s uc u e suppo he
mo i a ion o Upė a džio Š lpė, ela ed o he sound p opaga ion by ma king e bs, plg.
Knock i up. Kniakė up (Nmk: o shou , o shou , o shou , o shou ) T š (li . kniáuk i
[…]miauk i, ėk i[…]), K okš […] up. This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his. Onš (Li huanian:
k õkš i ‘k iok i) and o he s (Vanagas 1970: 60[…]61; 1981: 160, 161, 167). This is he i s ime
ha he e m has been used in his way. E idence o a possible connec ion be ween place
names and ligh is also ound in he language o li e, e.g. on a VK ca d (1978) nex o he name
o he moun ain Š ilpiakalnis Dbg is w i en […]niekas neauga, š ilpia ėjas[…]37. Howe e ,
he hyd onym Š lpynė up. The o igin o E ž (pl. Š lpė up. K ) (Vanagas 1981: 338; 1970: 167) and
he Hellenic Š ilpỹnė plk. Kž (pl. Š lpa b. Žml) (Bilkis 2008: 189) is conside ed o be no en i ely
clea , he connec ion wi h Š i i is ea ed wi h cau ion. The jux aposi ion o he name
Š lpynė wi h š ip i aises doub s abou he di e ence be ween he e b and he oo o
he hyd onym p iegaidė. Onimai is shi e ing. (LUEV, 170; Van K agas 1981: 338), Š lpa was bo n
in Žml, gn. B z, please. Rg (Vanagas 1981: 338) also has acu e acne, bu appa en ly i was
caused by me a onia cha ac e is ic o gall bladde , plg. š lpa ‘š ilpynė; He who whis les,
akū as y a a si adęs dėl iš es inių eiksmažodžių š lpau i, š lpuo i, š lpiuo i ‘su
whis les. The oo o he Vedic oo s is no he oo o he Vedic oo s. I is possible o
whis le he name Š lpynė in e mi en ly (usually while pe o ming a melody); I'm no su e i
i 's a wo d ha 's been used in he pas , bu i 's a wo d ha 's been used in he pas . The
hyd onym could also be ela ed o he acu e oo ac ion o he ain. sh lp i, -s a (?), -o
[…]skleis i aukš ą, šaižų ga są[…], bu he a ea o i s o igin is unclea , LKŽe is p o ided 35
Pe haps he e is no da a abou hem. 36 The name o he ball may also be abb e ia ed as
a d. Š lpa, Š ilpà (Bilkis 2008: 86; also see LV GDB). 37 Cou esy o Pe ku ė and Pės iniakai ė.
A icles by A icle 215
Pas a s ymai dėl kelių lie u ių upių i eže ų a dų kilmės
e. a ian , Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian Language, 2008 ( enewed e sion, 2017). I is
a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: h pekalba.l /lie u iu-kalbos-zodynas. LLKŽe […] La ge
dic iona y o Li huanian and La ian languages: digi al edi ion, pa . This is a lis o people
who ha e been awa ded he Nobel P ize in Physiology o Medicine, so ed by he yea o
hei dea h. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: www.ekalba.l . LV GDB […]
Geoin o ma ion da abase o Li huanian place names. I is a ailable on he In e ne a :
h ps: ekalba.l /lie u os- ie o a dziu-geoin o macine-duomenu-baze. LPDB […] Li huanian
su name da abase. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: www.ekalba.l .
LUEV […] Ri e s and lakes o he Li huanian SSR, Vilnius: S a e Publishing House o
Poli ical and Scien i ic Li e a u e, 1963.
LV1 […] Li huanian local wo ds dic iona y 1, edi o ial boa d: L. Balode, V. Blažek, G.
Blažienė, V. Ka delis, A. Ragauskai ė, S. Temčinas, J. Udolph, Vilnius: Published by he
Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 2008.
LV 3 […] Li huanian dic iona y o local wo ds 3, au ho s V. Adamony ė, L. Bilkis, G. Blažienė, D.
Kačinai ė-V ubliauskienė, M. No kai ienė, A. Ragauskai ė, M. Razmukai ė, D. S ide skienė,
answe ed by L. Bilkis, Vilnius: Published by he Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 2018. V.
Rinke ičius, Vilnius: Cen e o he Publishing o Science and Encyclopedias [= The
Dic iona y o he E ymology o he P ussian Language 14, Vilnius: Mokslas ( olume 1), The
Publishing House o Science and Encyclopedias ( olume 2), The Ins i u e o he Publishing
o Science and Encyclopedias ( olume 4), 1988[…]1996]. The websi e o he Museum o he
His o y o Li huania. Access o he In e ne : h ps: www.mlimuziejus.l [ iewed om
2021-10-15].
[…] Kā lis Mülenbachs, La ian language dic iona y ME 14, edi ed, supplemen ed and
ansla ed by J. Endzelīns, Riga, 1923-1932.
MLEe […] Encyclopaedia o Li huania in i s en i e y: elec onic edi ion, Vilnius:
Cen e o he Publishing o Science and Encyclopedias, 2021. A ailable on he In e ne : h ps: www.mle.l [checked]
2021-10-01].
Pė e ai is 1992: Li le Li huania and he imes o he T anks a ebellions and ai aids, Vilnius:
Scien i ic and encyclopedic publishing house.
PKK […] The place name a chi e collec ed by he Name and Place Name Commission, he Fund o
he Li huanian Language Ins i u e o he Bal ic Languages and he Name Resea ch Cen e .
Sa chenko's 1960s: The name o he i e . Li huanian language ques ions 3, 289300.

DOVILĖ TAMULAITIENĖ
216 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXV
Ska džius P anas 1943: Lie u ių kalbos žodžių da yba, Vilnius: Lie u os mokslų aka-
demia, Li huanian language ins i u e.
Smolensk-Wojciech (1982): Indochinese ounda ions o he Bal ic Sla ic language. –
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The i s edi ion o he book was published by he Li huanian publishing house
"Vilnius Uni e si y P ess" in 2020. Vanagas Aleksand as 1970: Li huanian TSR
hyd onym ac o y, Vilnius: Min is. He is a membe o he Li huanian Academy o Sciences.
Vanagas Aleksand as 1981: Lie u ių hid onimų e imologinis žodynas, Vilnius:
Mokslas.
Va gas Llosa (1981): The Seman ics o Li huanian Hyd onyms […] Ques ions on he
Li huanian language 21, 4[…]153.
Vanag Aleksand as 1992: The beginning o he ilm. […] Li huanian place name dic iona y 1, Vilnius:
Ins i u e o Li huanian Language, 2008, XI[…]XXXI.
VK […] Vie o a džių om he li ing language a chi e, he und o he Li huanian language
ins i u e o he Bal ic languages and he esea ch cen e o Va dyn.
VLEe […] Encyclopedia o Li huanian Languages (2001[…]2015): e. a ian , Vilnius: Cen e
o he Publishing o Science and Encyclopedias, 2021. A ailable on he In e ne : h ps: www. le.l [checked]
2021-10-01].
The dic iona y o Vie namese wo ds: online edi ion, edi ed by M. Razmukai ė, A.
Pupkis, Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 2007. I is a ailable on he In e ne a h p: www. ie o a dziai.
This is lki.l .
Zigmas Zinke ičius 1966: Li huanian dialec ology, Vilnius: Min is. He is a membe o
he Li huanian Academy o Sciences. Zinke ičius Zigmas 2008: Li huanian pe sonal
names, Vilnius: Li huanian language ins i u e. Land Va dino ques ionnai es
(1935-1940), he und o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e o he Bal ic Languages and he Va dino Resea ch Cen e .
Савукинас Бронис 1966: К проблеме западнобалийского субстрата в
sou hwes e n Li huania. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
A icles by A icles 217
Pas a s ymai dėl kelių lie u ių upių i eže ų a dų kilmės
Conside a ions on he O igin o Se e al
Names o Li huanian Ri e s and Lakes
Summa y
Based on he analysis o he accen ua ion and mo i a ion o hyd onyms as well as hei links
wi h o he oponyms, he a icle conside s new o e ises exis ing possibili ies conce ning
he o igin o se e al hyd onyms, which ha e al eady been add essed in oponymic s udies.
The hyd onyms M glonas M glius (a i e in he Lowe Naumies is) a e linked wi h Li h. To
shine, o winkle; I mo es, ib a es, and spa kles wi h changing colo s o ligh and shadows,
bu he expanded oo mi o s a possibili y o compa ison wi h Li h. he eyes pa ly closed,
m gla ‘someone who does no see well, a weak-sigh ed pe son’, Li h. mi glin i ‘ o look wi h
squin , Li h. o go wi h he eyes pa ly closed. The link be ween he i e names and Li h.
"To ain ligh ly, d izzle" should no be ejec ed as well.
The e ymological connec ion be ween he lake name Mùmelis (Gelgaudiškis) and Li h. a silen ,
incommunica i e, ese ed pe son; a lazy, clumsy pe son, Li h. mùmas ‘a silen , dumb pe son
aises ce ain doub s as o he mo i a ion and he dis ibu ion a ea o he appella i es. I is
conside ed whe he he hyd onym could be ela ed o Li h. mo he -in-law
I 's called "Nupha ".
P esumably, he hyd onym Pasõdgi is (a i e in Kazlų Rūda) de i es om he name o
ano he place *Pasod-gi is. The da a on p ope names collec ed du ing he in e wa pe iod
enable us o e ise his assump ion and o ace he i e name o he meadow o ma sh
name Pasõdgi is.
The da a om he Land Names Ques ionnai e show ha he i e name Pa eon (Ty ol) does
no de i e om he diminu i e o m o he meadow name Ti ol, bu om he name o he
nea by o es Ti ol. The e ymological link be ween he lake name P šenas (Balninkai) and Li h.
a c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice; a
c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice; a
c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice; a c ack in he ice an
open place in a o es is con incing. Howe e , he possible link wi h Li h. The ches o a ho se.
The ches . on < IE < pe < ib, ches < pe < idem < is wo hy o conside a ion.
The connec ion be ween he hyd onym Rū elỹs (a i e in Ku šėnai) and Li h. He's an ang y pe son,
he chea s; weepe o he pe sonal name Rù elis is doub ul. The possibili y o acing i o La .
u ê iês ‘ o calm down, become quie is mo e likely. We can ca e ully conside ha he hyd onym
may ha e o igina ed om Li h. I 's he ickle, he low. The hyd onym Ské dynas (a i e in
K ėda na) is aced o Li h. The slaugh e house is a slaugh e house. ske[…]s i […] o slaugh e ,
disembowel[…], bu he accen ua ion o he i e name allows us o conside he Li huanian e b
ské dė i, - (-ėjai), -ėjo […] o c ack, chap; o ge chapped (abou skin) o be he base wo d. The
DOVILĖ TAMULAITIENĖ
218 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXV
hyd onyms Ské dža (a i e in Molė ai), Ske dumà Ske dùmė (a i e in K akės), Ske dyksnà
Ske diksnà Ski dyksnà (a i e in Pab adė) may also be e ymologically ela ed o he la e e b.
The possibili y o acing he hyd onyms Šẽkš is (a lake in Alsėdžiai), Šẽkš ė (a i e in S alupėnai),
Šėkš ỹs Škš is (a i e in Ku šėnai) o Li h. The wo d " o k" is de i ed om " o k" and "p ong" is
de i ed om "p ong" and "p ong" is de i ed om "p ong" and "p ong" a e de i ed om "p ong"
and "p ong" a e de i ed om "p ong" and "p ong" and "p ong" a e de i ed om "p ong" and
"p ong" and "p ong" a e de i ed om "p ong" and "p ong" a o ked pole o p opping up
some hing; he p op[…]. The link be ween he i e name Š lpynė (E ž ilkas) and Li h. o p oduce
sound by lips, a whis le o in ano he way; o chi p con inuously; o mo e quickly h ough he ai
wi h a whis ling sound aises doub s as o he di e ence be ween he oo accen o he e b
and he hyd onym. I is mo e likely ha he hyd onym de i es om Li h. The ail o a ho se o a
Li h. The ligh , he ligh , he "Typha".
The hyd onym U šulis (a i e in Skiemonys) is associa ed wi h he pe sonal name
The u chins. Howe e , he link be ween he i e name and Li h. […] o g owle ang ily; o buzz,
hum; o be ang y, o g umble; o aise noise, blus e , din is also possible. Due o hei
s uc u e, he e a e mo e g ounds o associa e he hyd onyms Žadãlis (a i e in Šilalė),
Žãdikė Žadik Žãdikis Žỹadiks (a i e in Pašuš ys), Žadupỹs (a i e in Alan a) wi h Li h. he
wo d ‘ oice, speech, sound a he han he p e ixed Li huanian e b ‘ o wake someone up.
Deli e ed on 18 Oc obe 2021
DOVILĖ TAMULAITIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he
day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.