326 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII
JÜRGEN UDOLPH
Zen um ü Namen o schung – Gö ingen
Akademie de Wissenscha en zu Gö ingen
ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0002-8475-7857 Scien i ic esea ch
a eas: his o ical linguis ics, wa e names, place names,
amily names.
I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
Names o places be ween he Rhine
And ele en is onomas ic.
The Eu opean a ea. One
The esea ch p ojec
The Gö inge Academy o he
The science
Vie o a džiai a p Reino i Elbės – Onomas ika
Eu opos e d ėje. Ge ingeno mokslų akademijos
mokslo- i iamasis p ojek as
The anno a ion
The place names o he Ge man ede al s a es o Lowe Saxony and Wes phalia (pa o he
s a e o No h Rhine-Wes phalia) ha we e a es ed be o e 1600, including he names o
dese ed owns and illages, a e c i ically examined on he basis o hei his o ical e idence
and linguis ically examined acco ding o hei o igin and in e p e a ion e ymologically,
mo phologically and ypologically, wi h he olumes o he NOB (Niede sächsisches
O snamenbuch) o be an example. Once he wo k is comple ed, maps and summa y pape s will
p o ide an e alua ion o he ques ion o o igin, e ymological connec ions and se lemen
his o y.
The esul s will also be ele an o Scandina ia, England, Eas e n Eu ope (including
he Bal ic S a es) and pa s o Cen al Eu ope. KEYWORDS: place names, names o
dese ed places, se lemen his o y, Ge manic peoples, Saxons.
O snamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe – Onomas ik
im Eu opäischen Raum. Ein Fo schungsp ojek
de Gö inge Akademie de Wissenscha en
This is Įž algos Insigh s 327
P e iously
Die Vo geschich e zu dem P ojek de Gö inge Akademie de Wissenscha en,
on dem hie die Rede sein wi d, ha ih en An ang am 18.10.1990 in den
Räumen des Sp achwissenscha lichen Semina s de Uni e si ä Gö ingen
genommen. An diesem Tag and die e s e S unde des P osemina s O snamen
as a his o ical sou ce wi h he addi ion The place names o he dis ic o
Wol enbü el unde he di ec ion o Jü gen Udolph. I was a ended by se e al
s uden s, including Ki s in Casemi and Uwe Ohainski, who ha e no only accompanied
he p ojec since hen, bu ha e con ibu ed decisi ely since ha day wi hou
in e up ion.
The plan was o unde ake a p ojec wi h he dis ic o Wol enbü el,
which almos en i ely s udied he place names and u ban names o he
gewidme wa . In ande en Bundeslände n Deu schlands ha en schon zum Teil
um assende Un e suchungen an den Siedlungsnamen eingese z und wa en
auch schon zu wich igen E gebnissen gekommen. Fü Niede sachsen ehl en
s a e o Lowe Saxony.
The semina , which had once begun, was con inued con inuously in he ollowing
yea s un il 2000. The place names o he dis ic s o Wol enbü el, Gö ingen,
Os e ode/Ha z, Gosla , No heim, Holzminden, Hildesheim, Hameln-Py mon ,
Hanno e (including he ci y o Hanno e ), Peine, Celle, Helms ed , Gi ho n and he
ci ies o B aunschweig and Hanno e we e ea ed. Howe e , he e en s a he
Uni e si y o Gö ingen we e in e up ed in 1999-2000 because J. Udolph had ecei ed
a call o he p o esso ship o onomas ics a he Uni e si y o Leipzig and had
accep ed i a e a ep esen a i e semes e in 1999-2000 in he win e semes e .
Howe e , he wo k on he place names o Lowe Saxony did no a ac esea ch
and inancial suppo . In pa icula , he ci y and coun y o Hanno e showed g ea
un e b ochen. Es wa gelungen, S äd e und K eise in Niede sachsen ü diese
in e es , so he scope could be in ensi ied and he esul o he wo k could be
published in 1998 as he i s olume o a Lowe Saxon place name book (NOB I). Two
sei e wa 1996–1997 die Un e suchungen de O s- und Wüs ungsnamen des
yea s la e , he place names o he dis ic o Os e ode (NOB II) ollowed. A ew
yea s ea lie , he ex ensi e s udy Naming S udies on he Ge manic P oblem by J.
Udolph (1994) had appea ed, in which a numbe o basic wo ds and su ixes o
Ge manic o igin and hei
Occu ences in place names o he Old Ge manic se lemen a ea we e
ea ed and could also be de e mined mo e closely wi h he help o mapping. I
u ned ou ha he s a es o Lowe Saxony, pa s o Saxony-Anhal ,
JÜRGEN UDOLPH
328 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII This is a lis o linguis ic wo ks by Li huanian au ho s.
Thu ingia, Hesse and Wes phalia a e pa icula ly in ol ed in he dis ibu ion. I
encou aged he au ho s o he NOB o con inue hei wo k on he place names
o no he n and cen al Ge many. In close connec ion wi h hese
conside a ions was he 2003 disse a ion by K. Casemi on he place names o
he dis ic he -bü el names (Casemi 1997) was an impo an con ibu ion o
Wol enbü el und de S ad Salzgi e (= NOB III), in de die Au o in in
dankenswe e Weise auch a chäologische und siedlungsgeschich liche
Aspek e mi den O snamen e knüp ha e. Auch ih e Magis e a bei übe
he s udy o he place names also o Lowe Saxony.
A e his call o Leipzig, J. Udolph was able o con ince he p esiden o he
Gö ingen Academy in a con e sa ion ha a place name book o Lowe Saxony
would be an impo an and necessa y ask o he Academy. To make a long
s o y sho , a e leng hy discussions and discussions wi hin he Union o
Ge man Academies o Sciences, he p ojec was ex ended o include
Saxony-Anhal and Wes phalia in he Academy P og amme, Ge many's la ges
in ellec ual and social science esea ch p og amme. The ca e was in he hands
o he Gö ingen Academy o Sciences, he wo kplace was se up a he
Uni e si y o Müns e and he in es iga ions began in 2005.
The p ojec
Unde he di ec ion o J. Udolph, Hend ik Da ids, Michael Flöe , Claudia Ma ia
Ko smeie , B igi Meineke and Ju a Sch öde we e ini ially wo king on he
p ojec . Some ime la e , K. Casemi was appoin ed head o he wo kplace,
ollowed by U. Ohainski, Jose Dolle, and occasionally Jens Ke s ing. Ini ially, he
p ojec was planned o 32 and a hal yea s and included he examina ion o he
place names o he s a es o Lowe Saxony (including B emen and B eme ha en),
Wes phalia and Saxony-Anhal . Due o in e nal decisions o he academies, he
e m was sho ened o 25 yea s, o cing us o gi e up Saxony-Anhal . We we e
e y so y abou ha . We a e no going o gi e a de ailed desc ip ion o he
p ojec , he s a e o he wo k, a his poin . They can be ound on a websi e o
seine Ziele und wei e e dami zusammenhängende Aspek e müssen
he Gö ingen Academy o Sciences a h ps:
www.adw-goe.de/ o schung/ o schungsp ojek e-akademienp og amm/o sna-
men-zwischen- hein-undelbe/ and unde he link o snamen.ne .
O snamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe – Onomas ik
im Eu opäischen Raum. Ein Fo schungsp ojek
de Gö inge Akademie de Wissenscha en
This is Įž algos Insigh s 329
In sho , he aim o he p ojec can be o mula ed as ollows: he place names o
he a ea unde in es iga ion, including he dese names, a es ed be o e 1600,
will be c i ically explo ed on he basis o hei his o ical e idence and linguis ically
examined e ymologically, mo phologically and ypologically acco ding o o igin and
in e p e a ion, wi h he olumes o he Lowe Saxon Place Name Book se ing as
a model. A e comple ion o he p ocessing, mapping and summa y ea ises will
p o ide an e alua ion o he ques ion o o igin, e ymological connec ions and
se lemen his o y.
The cu en s a e o he wo k is e lec ed in wo maps, which we p in
he e:
MAP 1: Wes phalian place name book […] s a e o p epa a ion Oc obe 2022
JÜRGEN UDOLPH
330 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII
KARTE 2: Niede sächsisches O snamenbuch – Bea bei ungss and Ok obe 2022
Since he beginning o he in es iga ions, a emp s ha e been made o p o ide a
comp ehensible p esen a ion e en o in e es ed laymen. The discussion o he
so-called "el owe ", in which academic esea ch is allegedly mo ing, has a isen
no leas because scien i ic publica ions ha e pa ly main ained (and a e
main aining) a o m o language ha c ea ed a dis ance om he in e es ed
public. In he ield o Indo-Ge manic s udies, he in oduc ion o he so-called
[…]La yngale[…] and i s g aphic ep esen a ion, which has also ound i s way in o
place name esea ch, has g ea ly s eng hened his dis ance. I is also ou
endea ou in his case o educe his dis ance in he ea men o place names.
Place names a e also o g ea in e es o he public, so i is necessa y o choose
an unde s andable language and p esen a ion. The sub-p ojec Wes älisches
O snamenbuch will be comple ed in 2022 wi h olume 20, while he
Niede sächsische O snamenbuch, planned o 28 olumes, is s ill being
p ocessed.

O snamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe – Onomas ik
im Eu opäischen Raum. Ein Fo schungsp ojek
de Gö inge Akademie de Wissenscha en
Įž algos / Insigh s 331
We a e no gi ing a lis o all he olumes ha ha e been published so a . The
websi e o snamen.ne in o ms abou his unde he headings Lowe Saxony place
name book and Wes phalian place name book, in which o e iew maps o he
co esponding p ocessing a eas can also be ound. The published olumes a e
ini ially a ailable in books o es, bu h ee yea s a e hei publica ion (expi y o
he closu e pe iod) hey a e a ailable on he es doc ae […] documen se e o
he Academy o Sciences in Gö ingen, whe e a sea ch mask also acili a es he
inding o desi ed place names
I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is p epa ed o accep he amendmen s abled by he Commi ee on he En i onmen , Public Heal h and Consume P o ec ion.
P inciples, objec i es and p io i ies
ERGEBNISSE DES PROJEKTES
1. Die Rele anz de O snamen o schung lieg nich nu in de F age nach
de Bedeu ung eines einzelnen Namens. Zwa is die Undu chsich igkei
The use o geog aphical names is always a igge o he ques ion: "Wha does
his name ac ually mean?" bu his alone gi es only agmen a y insigh s in o
he his o y o he language se lemen . Fu he insigh s a e only a ailable
when a la ge a ea has been s udied in e ms o names. Only hen will i be
possible o g asp he o iginal meaning o a single name in i s basic ea u es.
The e o e, a summa y e alua ion o onomas ic esea ch also s i es again and
again and igh ly o a ca og aphic eco ding o he collec ed ma e ial and
he a ious le els wi h which he names a e in e wined.
An examina ion o he place-name easu e o he coun ies o Wes phalia, Lowe
Saxony, B emen and also Saxony-Anhal is o pa icula impo ance o he ea ly
his o y o Eu ope because un il he beginning B andenbu g, Saxony, Thu ingia and
dieses P ojek es eine g a ie ende Fo schungslücke bes and und ge ade dieses
bishe nich un e such e Te i o ium nich nu mi den benachba en deu schen
Lände n wie dem Rheinland, Schleswig-Hols ein, Mecklenbu g-Vo pomme n,
Hesse a e in close con ac , bu because a e in es iga ions o ecen yea s in a
s iking way
mi wei en Be eichen de Ge mania, e ne mi dem wes sla ischen Sp achgebie
und in seinen äl es en Spu en mi dem Bal ikum und einem al sla ischen
Siedlungsgebie in Südpolen und de Uk aine e bunden is .
JÜRGEN UDOLPH
332 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII This is a lis o linguis ic wo ks by Li huanian au ho s.
3. In de ail, he ollowing lines o communica ion can be d awn om he olumes
published so a and om o he ecen in es iga ions, he signi icance o which needs
o be examined in mo e de ail: a) om Lowe Saxony and Wes phalia o England, wi h
Belgium, he Ne he lands and Flande s o ming b idges ( i s mapping a emp : Udolph
1994: 775 [Map 55]). Tha i is be ween he place-name s ock No dihm made acco ding o
he in es iga ion exp essed: i is a "se lemen wo d, which is unique o he Saxons,
und Wes deu schlands und dem Englands enge Ve bindungen gib , die al sein
müssen, is schon seh üh u.a. on H. Jellinghaus (1898, 1902) e kann wo den,
auch E. Sch öde (1933: 22) ha e bei dem G undwo -ho s au G und eine bei
which hey ook alone o England and which also appea s in a - lung a eas" ( o
u he elabo a ion by -ho s s. Udolph 1994: 776[…]796, see also map 3). Bu his also
applies o o he appella i es. Hessmann 1985: 199: "Find Old English elemen s, inso a as
hey ha e no been adop ed om B i ish o Scandina ian, almos always hei
co espondence in he a ea o Old Saxon" (i.e. especially in Lowe Saxony). We we e
able o suppo his a ew yea s ago wi h he help o a sligh ly b oade lis o
appella i es (Udolph 2006). P e iously he had selec ed indi idual appella i es in se e al
con ibu ions and based on he place names de i ed om hem he mig a ions o
Wes Ge manic ibes he ollowing map 3 is de i ed, which is Ge manic ho s , e.g. in
Middle High Ge man hu s , also hu s , Old High Ge man hu s , Old Saxon hu s
[…]Gebüsch, Ges üpp[…], also Old English hu s , English hu s mos ly […]Buschwald,
nach England nachzuzeichnen e such (Udolph 1994: 765–830; 1995). Da aus
Gebüsch, Hy z, Ges äuch, Gehüpp, Niede holz[…], E bewachsene kleine E höhung in
Sump und Ges
mi elniede deu sch, mi elniede ländisch hu s , ho s , niede ländisch ho s ,
I 's called Moo . included.
In ou wo k on he place names o Wes phalia and Lowe Saxony, we ha e
encoun e ed ano he phenomenon which has o do wi h England, bu which has
ne e been no iced be o e: hey con ain pa ly appella i es which a e ound
only in he Old English o English ocabula y. The consequence o his is
conside able: i means ha he unde lying wo d, which is p ese ed only in
English, was o me ly also used in he Ge manic dialec s o no he n Ge many.
lebendig gewesen is .
He e's jus one example: in English, since ancien imes, i 's been well a es ed:
g i (e), g ā , g o e ‘hain, gehölz, ela ed o sla . G a e, g a e, 'Hainbuche' and
o he wo ds. Va ious English place names a e o med wi h i , such as e.g. G a on
o G o ehu s . This wo d is now also ound in Ge man place names such as
G as up, K . Lippe, G a ho s and K . Helms ed , G asdo , he egion o
Hanno e and pe haps also in G e en, K . S ein u ( his was las epo ed by WOB 13: 123 .).
O snamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe – Onomas ik
im Eu opäischen Raum. Ein Fo schungsp ojek
de Gö inge Akademie de Wissenscha en
This is Įž algos Insigh s 333 .
MAP 3: ho s /hu s in place names F om his, new ligh is also h own on he old
and allegedly al eady decided ques ion o whe e he Wes Ge manic se le s o
England came om. I is almos gene ally assumed ha hey came om
Schleswig-Hols ein and Denma k, and Beda's amous ph ases s ill wo k oday:
[…]Ad ene un au em de ibus Ge maniae populis o io ibus, id es Saxonibus,
Anglis, Ju is[…] [Saxon, Angle, Jü en[…]]. Howe e , in es iga ions ha sough o
con i m his claim wi h he help o he place names o Schleswig-Hols ein (e.g. Lau
1964), yielded no esul s. I has been concluded ha he name esea ch o his
ques ion canno be consul ed. Howe e , ini ial indica ions sugges ha hese
iews do no seem o apply o Lowe Saxony. A e comple ing he in es iga ion,
one will su ely ge an answe o his ques ion: place names a e he sa es
wi nesses o mig a ion mo emen s, as shown by ansmissions in he Ge man
Eas , om Eu ope o e seas, om he Russian homelands o Sibe ia and
elsewhe e. The same applies o he homeland and o igin o he Saxons. These
ques ions ha e so a been deal wi h almos exclusi ely om an a chaeological
and his o ical poin o iew. Recen esea ch shows ha he alleged en y o
Saxons in P olemy, which is gene ally a ibu ed o Schleswig-Hols ein, is p obably
a eading e o (Sp inge 2002; 2004: 27 […] 29). This b eaks an impo an s one om
he p e ious heo y ha he Saxons o iginally came om Schleswig-Hols ein. The
ques ion is comple ely open. Conside his.
JÜRGEN UDOLPH
334 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII ha he i s eliable e e ences o
Saxons om an onomas ic poin o iew a e he English coun ies o Essex,
Middlesex, Sussex, Wessex, e c. I is also an impo an es imony o he place
names: on he basis o hese, connec ions o he ocabula y and names o
Namen e gleiche zwischen englischen und kon inen alge manischen Namen
e was zu He kun de Besiedle Englands sagen?
b) Du ch die Bea bei ung de O snamen Niede sachsens und Wes alens
Schleswig-Hols ein, Denma k and Scandina ia ha e also been wo ked ou . These
include place names, such as haugaz […]Hügel, G abhügel[…], *hlaiwaz
[…](G ab)hügel[…], klin […]Anhöhe, Be g[…], malm- (also in go . malma […]Sand[…]),
wedel […]seich e S elle im Wasse , Fu […] and so on. They' e based on. Many o
hese appella i es ha e been deal wi h by J. Udolph (1994: 830[…]918). F om his
collec ion he e is only one
Mapping (map numbe ou ):
MAP 4: wedle in place names c) The p ocessing o he place names o he a ea unde
in es iga ion has also e ealed co espondences bo h in he ocabula y and in he
place name s ock wi h he Bal ic and Sla ic se lemen a eas o he co esponding
wo d and name s ock. They con i m ea ly assump ions made by W. P. Schmid ha
he Bal ic was a cen e o he Old Eu opean Įž algos Insigh s 341
O snamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe – Onomas ik
im Eu opäischen Raum. Ein Fo schungsp ojek
de Gö inge Akademie de Wissenscha en
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JÜRGEN UDOLPH
342 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII
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im Eu opäischen Raum. Ein Fo schungsp ojek
de Gö inge Akademie de Wissenscha en
Įž algos / Insigh s 343
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Vie o a džiai a p Reino i Elbės – Onomas ika
Eu opos e d ėje. Ge ingeno mokslų akademijos
mokslo- i iamasis p ojek as
The SANTRAUKA
Remian is his o iniais duomenimis, s aipsnyje k i iškai analizuojami Vokie ijos Žemu inės
Saksonijos i Ves alijos žemių (Šiau ės Reino-Ves alijos žemės dalies) ie o a džiai,
paliudy i iki 1600 me ų, įskai an apleis ų mies ų i kaimų a dus. This is a lis o he
municipali ies o he Czech Republic by he numbe o inhabi an s. Ty ime ype pa a lik a o
hese Vie namese linguis ic analysis aking in o accoun hei kilmę and e ymology,
mo phology and ypology in e p e a ion, using he example o he Saksonian Vie namese book.
A likus, he s udy, he mapping and he e alua ion o he s udies in he desc ip ions, he
ques ion o he o igin, he e ymology o he samples and he his o y o he Vie namese
apgy endinimo. The esul s o he bus ips o Scandina ia, England, Eas e n Eu ope (including he Bal ic coun ies) and ce ain Cen al Eu opean egions.
I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing.
JÜRGEN UDOLPH
Cen e o Name Resea ch […] Gö ingen Rosdo ,
S einb ei e 9, D-37124 Rosdo nea Gö ingen
Akademie de Wissenscha en zu Gö ingen
wo kplace place names be ween he Rhine and he
Elbe […] Onomas ics in he Eu opean a ea
Robe -Koch-S . D 29,14-48 in he ci y o Müns e
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