Elena Chiocche i Te minology
New Te mbase, New Con en s
Wo k in Sou h Ty ol: New
App oaches, 6 doi.o g/10.35321/ e m26-01
Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol:
New App oaches, New Te mbase,
New Con en s
ElEna ChioCChE i
Ins i u e o Applied Linguis ics, Eu ac Resea ch
AbST ACT
The pape gi es an o e iew o he de elopmen o legal e minology wo k in Sou h
Ty ol. Wo king me hods ha e e ol ed. Mic o-compa ison be ween he I alian and he
Ge man-speaking sys ems (Aus ia, Ge many and Swi ze land) has become a hallma k o
ou e minology wo k. The online sys em bis o (h p://bis o.eu ac.edu/) has also been
enewed o accommoda e changing use needs, e.g. p o iding ad anced il e ing and a
eedback unc ion. A policy o g owing a en ion o a ge use s has led us o include
wo k on legal colloca ions. Fu he use eques s conce n domains like occupa ional
heal h and sa e y. This implies ea ing ele an echnical, medical and o he scien i ic
e minology. Doing his while emaining consis en wi h he me hods applied o legal
e minology poses a no able me hodological challenge. Keywo ds: legal e minology,
Sou h Ty ol, mic o-compa ison, bis o, legal colloca ions, e minology use needs.
ANoTACIjA
S aipsnyje se e isa la aida de abajo de e minología ju ídica en Ti ol del
Su . Me odai son pa obulėję. Exclusi o e ec uados del á ea e minología
abajos de ca ac e ožas i ališkos y okiškos (u ilizadas en Aus ia, Alemania y
Suizaijoje) sis emas de lenguas compa ación mic olygmeniu. Teniendo en cuen a
las ci ancias necesidades de los consumido es, eno ada in e ne sis ema bis o
(h p://bis o.eu ac.edu/), po ejemplo, im a aplica obulesnė il a imo y
e o na i o yšio unción. Cada ez más a ención p es ando a los consumido es
obje i o, u o inclui colocaciones del ámbi o ju ídico. Ya su ge de las
necesidades de los consumido es, elacionadas con las á eas p o esionales de
salud y segu idad, es deci , hay que oma y écnicas, medicinines así como o as
á eas cien í icas. Es o a moniza con los mé odos aplicados a la e minía legal g an desa ío me odológico.
palab as esminías: de echos e minija, Su Ti olis, compa acionism mik olygmeniu,
bis o, de echos s i ies kolokacijos, e minijas consumido es po eikiai.
7Te minología | 2019 | 26
INTRODUCTIoN by building upon and condensing p e ious esea ch which
illus a es he wo king me hods adop ed o e a ime span o abou 25
he beginnings o e minology wo k in Sou h Ty ol (Maye 1997, 2000),
yea s (Sand ini 1998; Maganzi Gioeni dAngiò, alli 2010; Chiocche i, alli 2016;
Chioc che i e al. 2017, 2019; Chiocche i 2019) and he ools de eloped o
dissemina e esul s (S ei e e al. 2004; alli, And ea a 2018), he pape
aims o gi e an o e iew o he de elopmen o legal e minology wo k in
Sou h Ty ol since Wo ld Wa II.
Sou h Ty ol (Süd i ol Al o Adige) is a mul ilingual p o ince in No he n I aly, wi h abou 525,000 inhabi an s
(ASTAT 2018: 9). Two hi ds o he local popula ion a e speake s o a mino i y language: 70% ha e Ge man as
hei i s language while 4.5% a e Ladin1 na i e speake s (ASTAT 2018: 15). Today, bo h languages a e
o icially ecognised a local le el, albei o di e en deg ees and in a eas o di e en size. Ge man has
co-o icial s a us in he en i e P o ince (P esiden ial Dec ee No. 670/1972, A . 99100). La adminis ación
pública local and he judicia y es án obligados a o ece sus se icios in he language p e e ed by he
ci izen and o publish legisla ion and o he o icial documen s in bo h I alian and Ge man. All public
employees mus p o e knowledge o hese wo languages by passing an exam which has ou di e en
le els and consis s o an o al and a w i en pa . The e a e schools o all deg ees wi h ei he I alian o
Ge man as a main medium o ins uc ion and he o he language augh as a second language. place names
a e sys ema ically bilingual (Pale mo, Woelk 2011: 301; Albe , Pale mo 2012: 291293). The Ladin language is
o icially ecognised in he alleys o Ga dena and badia in Sou h Ty ol. Ladin speake s a e en i led o use
hei na i e ongue wi h he local public adminis a ion in he wo alleys (e.g. he municipali ies) and wi h
p o incial o ices loca ed ou side he co e a ea, p o ided ha he la e mainly wo k in he in e es o
he Ladin communi y (e.g. he Ladin school boa d). ele an legisla ion is made a ailable also in he local
Ladin a ian o , a p o incial le el, al e na ely in one o 1 Ladin is an ancien hae o- omance language
spoken in i e allees o he Dolomi es ha a e pa o h ee di e en p o inces in I aly: bolzano, T en o
and belluno. The e a e app oxima ely 30,000 speake s in he en i e a ea (Ve a 2005: 115). Abou 20,000 li e in
Sou h Ty ol (ASTAT 2018: 15), u he 8,000 in T en ino (Lanza ame 2014: 6) and he emaining ew in he
p o ince o belluno. In his pape we shall no deal wi h he his o y and language o he Ladin mino i y in
de ail. Fo mo e in o ma ion consul , o example, Pescos a 2010.
Elena Chiocche i Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol: New App oaches, 8 he
New Te mbase, New Con en s
wo a ian s (Resolución o he P o incial Go e nmen No. 210/2003).
Empleados in he Ladin adminis a ion mus p o e he knowledge o all h ee
o icial languages o he ex en equi ed o hei speci ic posi ion. In Ladin
schools, I alian and Ge man a e equally used as a medium o ins uc ion and
al e na ed egula ly. Ladin is also augh o a ew hou s pe week (Ve a
2005: 120). place names in Ga dena and Badia a e ilingual in Ladin, Ge man and
I alian (Ve a 2005: 118). This b ie o e iew illus a es a si ua ion in which
he wo Sou h Ty olean mino i y communi ies enjoy a high deg ee o
p o ec ion and many essen ial igh s, de ini ely being he bes sa egua ded
mino i ies in I aly (Albe , Pale mo 2012: 290). Ye odays s a e is he esul o
decades o social, economic and poli ical s uggles, including e en e o is
a acks (Fo che , Pe e lini 2010: 338362). Sou h Ty ol had become pa o I aly
in 1919 a e Wo ld Wa I. Despi e all he p omises made a he ime by he
King o I aly, he ascis egime ha ook powe in 1922 sys ema ically
supp essed he Ge man p ess and place names, ully I alianised he school
sys em, he public adminis a ion and he judicia y, and basi273; Pescos a
2010: 366368). Ladin was delibe a ely conside ed a dialec o I alian (Pescos a
2010: 383).
cally o bade he use o Ge man in public (Fo che , Pe e lini 2010: 267–
Fi s mino i y igh s we e g an ed wi h he Pa is Peace T ea ies a e
Wo ld Wa II. Howe e , he ensuing Fi s S a u e o Au onomy
(Cons i u ional Law No. 5/1948), passed by he I alian epublic in 1948, le he
Sou h Ty olean mino i ies la gely unsa is ied. Some language igh s and
mino i y p o ec ion we e es ablished, such as Ge man language p ess and
schools and he possibili y o eaching some Ladin a elemen a y school
(Cons i u ional Law 5/1948, A . 15, 87). Sin emba go, la adminis ación pública
así como los pode es legisla i o y judicial pe manecie on en g an medida
i alianopa lan es y básicamen e inaccesibles a membe s o he local
mino i y communi ies ( ea Alcock 2001 o a mo e de ailed his o ical
accoun in English). In addi ion, he use o Ge man o legisla ion, cou
p oceedings and public adminis a ion emained a me e possibili y
(Cons i u ional Law 5/1948, A . 85), hus sca cely pu in p ac ice (Albe ,
Pale mo 2012: 293).
The si ua ion changed adically in 1972, when he New S a u e o
Au onomy (P esiden ial Dec ee No. 670/1972) was app o ed by he
Pa liamen in ome. F om ha momen on, he Sou h Ty olean
mino i ies ecei ed a g owing numbe o igh s and ample au onomy, including
9Te minologija | 2019 | 26 p ima y and seconda y legisla i e powe s in many
domains o adminis aneed o legal e minology. Due o space
ion, which lead o he cu en asse and, no su p isingly, o an inc eased
cons ain s, he ollowing Sec ions will concen a e on he e minological
de elopmen o Ge man bu no o Ladin in Sou h Ty ol.
1. THE BEGINNINGS OF TERMINOLOGY (El comienzo de la e minología)
DEVELOPMENT IN GERMAN
Legal language poses a speci ic e minological challenge in Sou h Ty ol.
Designa ing I alian legal concep s in Ge man equi es pa icula e o s e en
oday, o se e al easons. Fi s , in he pas , Ge man had ne e been used o
exp ess he I alian legal sys em and i s concep s; he e o e, no e e ence
e minology was a ailable (Coluccia 2000: 381). Segundo, du an e muchas
décadas el desa ollo de a Ge man legal e minology o he abo e-men ioned
pu pose was hampe ed bo h by he ascis ban on he Ge man language in
Sou h Ty ol and la e , un il he 1970s, by he ma ginalised s a us o he
mino i y language in he judicia y sys em and in adminis a ion. Thi d, he e
a e o he na ions in Eu ope whe e Ge man is an o icial language a na ional
o egional le el (Ammon e al. 2016: XXXIX). Howe e , due o he di e ences
be ween legal sys ems and he esul ing sys em-bound na u e o legal
concep s (de G oo 1999: 12), Aus ian, Ge man o Swiss e ms, o example,
no pueden simplemen e se bo owed o exp ess he concep s o he I alian
legal sys em (Albe , Pale mo 2012: 300310; Chiocche i, Ralli 2016: 103105). An
e iden case in poin is he ede al o ganisa ion o Aus ia, Ge many and
Swi ze land ha is e lec ed in hei e minology. Such e ms a e la gely
inadequa e o designa e he mo e cen alised I alian o m o go e nmen .
Un il hal a cen u y ago, he de elopmen o Ge man legal e minology in
Sou h Ty ol was uncoo dina ed and no a ely ad-hoc. Mainly in he 1970s and
1980s, di e en eams o local academics, lawye s and judges wo king in
speci ic domains joined e o s o ansla e he I alian legal codes
pe aining o hei espec i e ields o ac i i y om I alian in o Ge man.
The esul ing pa allel ex edi ions o he Ci il Code, C iminal P ocedu e Code,
Insol ency Code, e c. we e p in ed and dis ibu ed by a local publishing house
(Zanon 2001: 178). In he a e ma h o he New S a u e o Au onomy and due
o he new s a us o Ge man as coo icial language, many o he ex s, such
as laws and adminis a i e documen s o all kinds, we e ansla ed in o
Ge man by public o icials, cle ks
Elena Chiocche i Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol: New App oaches, 1 0 and
New Te mbase, New Con en s
p o essional ansla o s o bo h in e nal and public use. eg e ably, all hese
e o s we e no di ec ed by a cen al o ice and lacked he necessa y
s a egic language and e minology planning. T ansla ions we e o en d a ed
on a needs basis o le o he (p i a e) ini ia i e o o ices, cle ks,
associa ions, e c. conce ned wi h speci ic opics (Maye 1997: 128; Pale mo,
P ös l 1997: 53; Woelk 2000: 213; Chiocche i e al. 25 2017: 8). As a consequence, he
same concep s o en ended up being designa ed by di e en e ms in Ge man
(Maye 1997: 128129; Sand ini 1998: 399 400; Zanon 2001: 178; Chiocche i e al. 2013: 261;
Chiocche i, alli 105 2016: 178; Chiocche i 2019: 178), c ea ing concu ing
designa ions, con usion and e minological unce ain y. Fo example, beni
e edi a i (p ope y belonging o a deceased pe sons es a e) was ende ed
E bscha sgü e in he ansla ed Ci il Code and Nachlassgü e o
Ve lassenscha sgü e in he Ci il P ocedu e Code.
When he New S a u e o Au onomy was app o ed in 1972, i was soon ealized
ha he implemen a ion o he new language p o isions needed o be based on
consis en , comple e and uni ocal legal e minology. I ook o e a decade o
u he uncon olled de elopmen be o e a dedica ed Te minology Commission
was es ablished by P esiden ial Dec ee 574/1988. The Te minology Commission
was se up in 1991 and consis ed o six expe s (bilingual judges, lawye s and
ansla o s). I s manda e was o o icially alida e legally binding couples o
I alian and Ge man e ms in he main subdomains o law (e.g. ci il law, c iminal
law, p ocedu al law, adminis a i e law, e c.). The Commissione s aim was o
de elop a consis en se o well- esea ched Ge man e ms designa ing he
mos impo an legal concep s o he I alian legal sys em, which had o be used
by he Sou h Ty olean legisla u e, judicia y and adminis a ion. These e ms
we e in ended as one- o-one co esponden s o he legal e minology in I alian
and as a means o os e ing legal ce ain y and educing e minological
a ia ion in Sou h Ty olean Ge man (Albe , Pale mo 2012: 977,298; Chiocche i e
al. 2013: 26626 2019: 176178)
Chiocche i, Ralli 2016: 105106).
The I alian and Ge man e m couples we e published p og essi ely in he
local o icial Gaze e in o m o pa allel lis s. F om he momen o hei
publica ion, he o icially s anda dised e minology became legally binding in
Sou h Ty ol. In abou 20 yea s o ac i i y, he Te minology Commission
managed o s anda dise ap oximadamen e 7,400 couples o e ms. The i s
lis was published in 1994, he las in 2012. In addi ion, u he

1Te minologija | 2019 | 26 I alian legal codes. The e minology con ained in
e minology was al eady a ailable in he pa allel ex edi ions o he main
hese ansla ions was ba ch s anda dised, b inging he amoun o
o icially alida ed e ms in Sou h Ty ol o an es ima ed numbe o 15,000
o 20,000 2017: (Chiocche i e al. 265; 2019: 187).
The Commissione s we e suppo ed in hei s anda disa ion wo k by a
eam o e minologis s and legal expe s a Eu ac esea ch (h p: www.
eu ac.edu://linguis ics) aking ca e o he p elimina y esea ch ac i i ies. The
in e disciplina y eam s a ed wo king wi h a sys ema ic and
domaino ien ed app oach by delimi ing e e y subdomain unde analysis and
acqui ing ele an sou ce ma e ial. F om he e hey ex ac ed, selec ed and
o de ed he mos impo an e ms wi hin he key subdomains o he I alian
legal sys em (e.g. c iminal law, amily law, labou law) in I alian. Then hey
collec ed exis ing Ge man designa ions o hese na ional legal concep s in
Sou h Ty olean ex s. De ini ions and con ex s o use om ele an and
au ho i a i e books o no ma i e ex s we e added, oge he wi h
in o ma ion on hei sou ces (Maye 1997: 126; Chiocche i e al. 2019: 177178).
These ully- ledged e minological en ies elabo a ed acco ding o
e minological p inciples and me hods (A n z e al. 2014: 211 219) se ed as a
basis o he decisions o he Te minology Commission ha o icially
alida ed one Sou h Ty olean designa ion o e e y legal concep ea ed. In
his way s anda disa ion wo k con ibu ed g ea ly o supp essing old
imp omp u o inco ec e ms and o educing e minological a ia ion in
Sou h Ty olean legal Ge man. Fo example, he s anda dised e m
E bscha sgü e is now he only designa ion used o ende beni e edi a i in
local legisla ion. The sys ema ic app oach allowed o c ea e a s ock o
cohe en Ge man e minology o he mos impo an domains o ac i i y o
he local legisla u e, ju isdic ion and adminis a ion.
2. NEW APPROACHES
The i s change in wo king app oach conce ns legal compa ison. This
me hod allows o compa e di e en legal sys ems agains each o he o
de ec simila i ies and di e ences. The compa ison can in ol e en i e legal
amilies and legal sys ems wi h ega d o hei gene al me hods and
app oaches o legal issues, legisla i e p ac ice, legal in e p e a ion,
ju isp udence, e c. (mac o-compa ison). I can also conce n speci ic
concep s o p oblems. In he la e case he me hod is e med
mic o-compa ison (Zweige , Kö z 1996: 45; Pomme 2006: 8485) and becomes ele an
Elena Chiocche i Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol: New App oaches, 1 2 o
New Te mbase, New Con en s
e minology wo k in he domain o law (Sand ini 1996: 160166; 1997: 126127; Maye
de G oo 2002: 222; Chiocche i 2019: 180182). Mic o-compa ison pe mi e a
unde s and whe he wo designa ions belonging o di e en legal sys ems
e e o he same legal concep o no , i.e. o check whe he he ele an
cha ac e is ics o he gi en concep s coincide o o de ec impo an
concep ual disc epancies ( ea e.g. Chiocche i, Ralli 2016: 107110 o examples).
En elación con la e minología wo k in Sou h Ty ol, applying
mic o-compa ison means looking o legal concep s in Aus ia, Ge many and
Swi ze land ha a e concep ually equi alen o he I alian legal concep s
unde analysis and which ha e a simila unc ion wi hin hei espec i e legal
sys ems (Maye 2000: 299; Chiocche i, Ralli 10611 2016:1).
A he onse o e minological ac i i ies in Sou h Ty ol, i soon became clea
ha e minology wo k was no possible wi hou cas ing a look ac oss he
bo de . Sou h Ty ol has only o e 300,000 speake s o Ge man (ASTAT 2018: 9),
while he e a e almos 100,000,000 o he na i e speake s in Eu ope, mainly
esiding in Aus ia, Ge many and Swi ze land (bie e 2017: 22). In addi ion, Sou h
Ty ol has always main ained h i ing social, cul u al, comme cial and poli ical
con ac s wi h hese coun ies (Woelk 2000: 213214). Po lo an o, o a oid an
excessi e egionalisa ion o Sou h Ty olean Ge man and o os e
ansna ional communica ion wi h he o he Ge man-speaking a eas (Sand ini
1998: 408), conside ing he e minology used in he neighbou ing coun ies would
ha e been an ad an age. Also, on e y p ac ical e ms, he Te minology
Commission could adop wo s a egies o ill any e minological gaps: ei he
p oduce neologisms o bo ow o eign Ge man designa ions used o equi alen
concep s. This implied in oducing mic ocompa ison o concep s wi h
non-exis ing o inadequa e designa ions in Sou h Ty olean Ge man (Maye 1997:
129; 2000: 299). A i s , his a he labo ious and ime-consuming me hod (Maye
2000: 297) was applied spo adically o ill e minological gaps o p opose be e
i ing designa ions. A p incipios del nue o milenio, sin emba go, un
EU- inanciamien o pe mi ió ex ende he me hod o a g owing numbe o
concep s. o e he yea s, legal compa ison became a undamen al p ac ice o
ensu e a high deg ee o e minological quali y in Sou h Ty ol (Maye 2000: 297),
p incipalmen e by educing imp omp u and o en li e al ansla ions om
I alian and inadequa e Ge man designa ions. Today, legal compa a ion be ween
he I alian ma k o e minology wo k a Eu ac esea ch (Chiocche i e al. 2019:
legal sys em and he neighbou ing Ge man-speaking sys ems i is he hall-
178).
1 3Te minología | 2019 | 26
El segundo change in wo king app oach, sob e una década más a de, was a
shi om a sys ema ic and basically s anda disa ion-o ien ed o a mo e
desc ip i e app oach, which also allows o ad-hoc and ex -o ien ed
e minology wo k. This ansi ion became necessa y when he ac i i ies o
he Te minology Commission we e discon inued in 2012 due o se e al
easons. All he Commissione s we e employed ull- ime in o he posi ions, so
ha hey could wo k on e minology issues only occasionally and
s anda disa ion wo k did no p oceed a high speed. In addi ion, only h ee
ou o six Commissione s we e na i e Ge man speake s. These h ee had a
highe wo kload han hei I alian-speaking colleagues, especially when
neology was necessa y. El p ocedimien o o mal pa a la es anda ización
obs aculizó aún más las ac i idades, po que las lis as alidadas po la
Te minology Commission necesi aban se ap obadas po an o el gobie no
local y el ep esen an e local de la gobie no cen al an es de se publicadas
en el o icial Gaze e. This mean a sys ema ic delay o six mon hs. o keep
The lack o ime and he leng hy p ocedu e in he end made i di icul
up wi h new legisla ion, he designa ion o new concep s and he necessa y
e isions in case o legal e o ms. Indeed, i happened ha p e iously
s anda dised e ms became ou da ed qui e soon. Finalmen e, si
conside amos que he e minological needs became u gen in 1972 cuando he
New S a u e o Au onomy was passed and ha he i s s anda disa ion
esul s we e published in 1994, a delay o o e 20 yea s becomes e iden . In he
mean ime, e minological de elopmen kep happening in an uncoo dina ed and
unplanned way, making subsequen s anda disa ion e en mo e challenging
(Chiocche i e al. 2017: 262263). A pesa de odos es os obs áculos, he
s anda disa ion e o s ha e p o ided a ai amoun o es ablished
e minology in se e al subdomains o law and mos impo an ly d awn
a en ion o he quali y o language, ansla ion and e minology as well as o
he exis ing e minological eposi o ies. No all s anda dised e ms we e
accep ed by he use s, e minological a ia ion s ill exis s and he e emain
se e al domains which would need some sys ema ic e minology wo k (e.g. ax
law). Tal abajo sis emá ico es oda ía hecho cuando new domains a e
explo ed, bu a no able sha e o he e minological ac i i ies a Eu ac
esea ch oday a e ex - ela ed (po ejemplo, cuando new legisla ion is
passed on impo an opics) and ad-hoc (po ejemplo, cuando new concep s
become ele an o speci ic eques s a e pos ed). In addi ion, he exis ing
s ock o e minology is egula ly checked
Elena Chiocche i Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol: New App oaches, 1 4 and, i
New Te mbase, New Con en s
necessa y, upda ed. Today, main enance and upda ing a e essen ial s eps o
p ese e he quali y and eliabili y o any e minological esou ce o i s end
use s (D ewe , Schmi z 2017: 37; Zanola 2018: 77). S anda disa ion wo k was
always based on essen ially desc ip i e e minological en ies. Wi h he las
no ma i e s ep being abandoned, he desc ip i e app oach emained in place. En
addi ion, since i is now easie o dissemina e e minology widely (e.g. ia he
In e ne ) and he aim o e minology wo k oday is no jus de eloping Sou h
Ty olean legal language anymo e, bu acili a ing and os e ing ansna ional
communica ion, s anda disa ion is no needed wi h he same u gency as
be o e. When he e a e s ill doub s on which e m, among a se o wo o mo e
concu ing ones, should be used in Sou h Ty ol, he e minologis s a Eu ac
esea ch consul wi h he o ice o Language Issues, which is esponsible o
he ansla ion and e ision o local legisla ion, and wi h domain expe s, so
ha a join ecommenda ion may se dada. Howe e , his ecommenda ion is in
no way legally binding and he use s emain ee o choose based on he
in o ma ion made a ailable in he e minological en ies. The hi d and las
change in wo king app oach conce ns coope a ion wi h end-use s. En he 1990s,
he mos u gen domains had been selec ed on a needs basis, a ou ing he
subdomains ha we e mo e ele an o he Sou h Ty olean public
adminis a ion and he judicia y, while essen ially lea ing ou some o he s such
as, o example, ma i ime law and chu ch law. En las úl imas es décadas el
gobie no local ha adqui ido adicionales pode es legisla i os p ima ios y
secunda ios y algunos subdomains han ganado ele ancia, po ejemplo
occupa ional heal h and sa e y. Consequen emen e, he cu en app oach o
e minology wo k is e y ocused on he needs exp essed by he end use s. Po
ejemplo, he eques o e minology wo k in he domain o occupa ional heal h
and sa e y was oiced by he esponsible o ices wi hin he local
adminis a ion. Te minology wo k on li ing wills was igge ed by a new law
app o ed in 2017 in I aly. Va ias solici udes ad-hoc ue on pos uladas po o as
local public o p i a e o ganisa ions, e.g. he Cou o Audi o s, he Cus oms
Agency and p i a e use s o associa ions. Tales solici udes son analizadas,
answe ed and he esul s a e made a ailable o he gene al public.
Paying g ea e a en ion o he eal needs o use s allows he
e minology wo k a Eu ac esea ch o be ocused on cu en opics and,
same ime, o dissemina e wo k mo e easily among speci ic p o essional
a he communi ies. Wo king on p esen -day legisla ion and deba ed opics as
2 1Te minología | 2019 | 26
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Te minoLoGijos da bas PieTų Ti oLyje: nauji Požiū iai, nauja Te minų bazė, naujas Tu inys
San auka
S aipsnyje ap ašoma eisės e minologijos da bo aida Pie ų Ti olyje nuo An ojo
pasaulinio ka o laikų iki šių dienų. Pie ų Ti olis y a daugiakalbė Šiau ės I alijos p o in-
cija, ku ioje kaip mažumų kalbos y a į eisin os okiečių kalba i ladinų kalba. Daugiau-
sia dėmesio ski iama okiškos e minijos a kybai, a skleidžiami me odų i požiū ių
pokyčiai. Sis eminį, į s anda iza imą o ien uo ą požiū į neseniai pakei ė labiau ap ašo-
mojo pobūdžio me odas, suda an is sąlygas specialesnei, į eks ą o ien uo ai e minolo-
gijai. Esmine Eu ac Resea ch a liekamų e minologijos s i ies da bų me odologine ypa-
ybe y a apęs i ališkos i okiškos (naudojamos Aus ijoje, Vokie ijoje, Š eica ijoje)
kalbų sis emų lyginimas mik olygmeniu. In e ne e pa eikiamoje eisės e minijos in o -
macinėje sis emoje (h p://bis o.eu ac.edu/) kiek ienas e minas p iski iamas ienai a
kelioms konk ečioms eisės sis emoms i aip pa odomas sis eminis eisės e minijos
pobūdis. Ku ian Pie ų Ti olio okiečių kalbos e miniją, oks sis emiškumas padeda iš-
eng i pe didelio ie inės eisės kalbos egioniškumo, nes kai ik galimi p iim ini a i-
ik menys užsienio kalba, e minai gali bū i adap uojami i a ojami Pie ų Ti olyje. Ša-
lims bend ada biaujan i p ekiaujan , ai ge ina a p als ybinius I alijos i okiškai kal-
bančių šalių san ykius. Siekian enkin i ikslinių a o ojų po eikius i eikala imus,
2016 m. sis ema bis o bu o iš esmės a naujin a. Daba inė apima eisines kolokacijas,
obulesnes il a imo unkcijas, išplės inį kon eks ą, p ieigą p ie isos bibliog a inės in-
o macijos, g įž amojo yšio unkciją. Va o ojų pageida imu į aukiama naujų s ičių,
pa yzdžiui, p o esinė s eika a i sauga, o ai kelia nemažų me odologinių iššūkių. Kad
e minologijos da bai i oliau u ė ų e ę, jie u i bū i aikomi p ie eisinių, echnolo-
ginių i isuomenės pokyčių. Taikomieji me odai, p iemonės i u inys u i a i ik i kin-
ančius ikslinių a o ojų g upių po eikius, ska in i e minijos sklaidą.
Recibió 2019-08-19
Elena Chiocche i
Eu ac esea ch
Ins i u e o Applied Linguis ics
Viale D uso 1, I-39100 Bolzano
E-mail elena.chiocche i@eu ac.edu