Elena Chiocche i Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol: New App oaches,
New Te mbase, New Con en s
6
doi.o g/10.35321/ e m26-01
Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol:
New App oaches, New Te mbase,
New Con en s
ElEna ChioCChE i
Ins i u e o Applied Linguis ics, Eu ac Resea ch
AbST ACT
The pape gi es an o e iew o he de elopmen o legal e minology wo k in
Sou h Ty ol. Wo king me hods ha e e ol ed. Mic o-compa ison be ween he
I alian and he Ge man-speaking sys ems (Aus ia, Ge many and Swi ze land)
has become a hallma k o ou e minology wo k. The online sys em bis o
(h p://bis o.eu ac.edu/) has also been enewed o accommoda e changing use
needs, e.g. p o iding ad anced il e ing and a eedback unc ion. A policy o
g owing a en ion o a ge use s has led us o include wo k on legal colloca-
ions. Fu he use eques s conce n domains like occupa ional heal h and
sa e y. This implies ea ing ele an echnical, medical and o he scien i ic e -
minology. Doing his while emaining consis en wi h he me hods applied o
legal e minology poses a no able me hodological challenge.
Keywo ds: legal e minology, Sou h Ty ol, mic o-compa ison, bis o, legal colloca ions,
e minology use needs.
ANoTACIjA
S aipsnyje apž elgiama eisės e minologijos da bo aida Pie ų Ti olyje. Me-
odai y a pa obulėję. Išski inis a liekamų e minologijos s i ies da bų b uo-
žas – i ališkos i okiškos (naudojamos Aus ijoje, Vokie ijoje i Š eica ijoje)
kalbų sis emų lyginimas mik olygmeniu. A siž elgian į kin ančius a o ojų
po eikius, a naujin a in e ne inė sis ema bis o (h p://bis o.eu ac.edu/), pa-
yzdžiui, im a aiky i obulesnė il a imo i g įž amojo yšio unkcija. Vis
daugiau dėmesio ski ian iksliniams a o ojams, eko į auk i eisės s i ies
kolokacijas. Jau kyla a o ojų po eikių, susijusių su p o esinės s eika os i
saugos s i imis, adinasi, eikia im is i echninės, medicininės bei ki ų s ičių
mokslinės e minijos. Tai sude in i su eisės e minijai aikomais me odais –
didelis me odologinis iššūkis.
esminiai žodžiai: eisės e minija, Pie ų Ti olis, lyginimas mik olygmeniu, bis o, eisės
s i ies kolokacijos, e minijos a o ojų po eikiai.
7Te minologija | 2019 | 26
INT oDUCTIoN
by building upon and condensing p e ious esea ch which illus a es
he beginnings o e minology wo k in Sou h Ty ol (Maye 1997, 2000),
he wo king me hods adop ed o e a ime span o abou 25 yea s (Sand-
ini 1998; Maganzi Gioeni d’Angiò, alli 2010; Chiocche i, alli 2016;
Chioc che i e al. 2017, 2019; Chiocche i 2019) and he ools de eloped
o dissemina e esul s (S ei e e al. 2004; alli, And ea a 2018), he
pape aims o gi e an o e iew o he de elopmen o legal e minology
wo k in Sou h Ty ol since Wo ld Wa II.
Sou h Ty ol (Süd i ol – Al o Adige) is a mul ilingual p o ince in No h-
e n I aly, wi h abou 525,000 inhabi an s (ASTAT 2018: 9). Two hi ds o
he local popula ion a e speake s o a mino i y language: 70% ha e Ge -
man as hei i s language while 4.5% a e Ladin1 na i e speake s (ASTAT
2018: 15). Today, bo h languages a e o icially ecognised a local le el,
albei o di e en deg ees and in a eas o di e en size.
Ge man has co-o icial s a us in he en i e P o ince (P esiden ial Dec ee
No. 670/1972, A . 99–100). The local public adminis a ion and he
judicia y a e obliged o o e hei se ices in he language p e e ed by
he ci izen and o publish legisla ion and o he o icial documen s in bo h
I alian and Ge man. All public employees mus p o e knowledge o hese
wo languages by passing an exam which has ou di e en le els and con-
sis s o an o al and a w i en pa . The e a e schools o all deg ees wi h
ei he I alian o Ge man as a main medium o ins uc ion and he o he
language augh as a second language. Place names a e sys ema ically
bilingual (Pale mo, Woelk 2011: 301; Albe , Pale mo 2012: 291–293).
The Ladin language is o icially ecognised in he alleys o Ga dena
and badia in Sou h Ty ol. Ladin speake s a e en i led o use hei na i e
ongue wi h he local public adminis a ion in he wo alleys (e.g. he
municipali ies) and wi h p o incial o ices loca ed ou side he co e a ea,
p o ided ha he la e mainly wo k in he in e es o he Ladin commu-
ni y (e.g. he Ladin school boa d). ele an legisla ion is made a ailable
also in he local Ladin a ian o , a p o incial le el, al e na ely in one o
1 Ladin is an ancien hae o- omance language spoken in i e alleys o he Dolomi es ha a e pa o
h ee di e en p o inces in I aly: bolzano, T en o and belluno. The e a e app oxima ely 30,000 speake s
in he en i e a ea (Ve a 2005: 115). Abou 20,000 li e in Sou h Ty ol (ASTAT 2018: 15), u he 8,000
in T en ino (Lanza ame 2014: 6) and he emaining ew in he p o ince o belluno. In his pape we
shall no deal wi h he his o y and language o he Ladin mino i y in de ail. Fo mo e in o ma ion con-
sul , o example, Pescos a 2010.
Elena Chiocche i Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol: New App oaches,
New Te mbase, New Con en s
8
he wo a ian s (Resolu ion o he P o incial Go e nmen No. 210/2003).
Employees in he Ladin adminis a ion mus p o e he knowledge o all
h ee o icial languages o he ex en equi ed o hei speci ic posi ion.
In Ladin schools, I alian and Ge man a e equally used as a medium o
ins uc ion and al e na ed egula ly. Ladin is also augh o a ew hou s
pe week (Ve a 2005: 120). Place names in Ga dena and Badia a e i-
lingual in Ladin, Ge man and I alian (Ve a 2005: 118).
This b ie o e iew illus a es a si ua ion in which he wo Sou h Ty-
olean mino i y communi ies enjoy a high deg ee o p o ec ion and many
essen ial igh s, de ini ely being he bes sa egua ded mino i ies in I aly
(Albe , Pale mo 2012: 290). Ye oday’s s a e is he esul o decades o
social, economic and poli ical s uggles, including e en e o is a acks
(Fo che , Pe e lini 2010: 338–362). Sou h Ty ol had become pa o I a-
ly in 1919 a e Wo ld Wa I. Despi e all he p omises made a he ime
by he King o I aly, he ascis egime ha ook powe in 1922 sys em-
a ically supp essed he Ge man p ess and place names, ully I alianised
he school sys em, he public adminis a ion and he judicia y, and basi-
cally o bade he use o Ge man in public (Fo che , Pe e lini 2010: 267–
273; Pescos a 2010: 366–368). Ladin was delibe a ely conside ed a dialec
o I alian (Pescos a 2010: 383).
Fi s mino i y igh s we e g an ed wi h he Pa is Peace T ea ies a e
Wo ld Wa II. Howe e , he ensuing Fi s S a u e o Au onomy (Cons i-
u ional Law No. 5/1948), passed by he I alian epublic in 1948, le he
Sou h Ty olean mino i ies la gely unsa is ied. Some language igh s and
mino i y p o ec ion we e es ablished, such as Ge man language p ess and
schools and he possibili y o eaching some Ladin a elemen a y school
(Cons i u ional Law 5/1948, A . 15, 87). Ne e heless, he public ad-
minis a ion as well as he legisla i e and judicial powe s emained la ge-
ly I alian-speaking and basically inaccessible o membe s o he local
mino i y communi ies (see Alcock 2001 o a mo e de ailed his o ical
accoun in English). In addi ion, he use o Ge man o legisla ion, cou
p oceedings and public adminis a ion emained a me e possibili y (Con-
s i u ional Law 5/1948, A . 85), hus sca cely pu in p ac ice (Albe ,
Pale mo 2012: 293).
The si ua ion changed adically in 1972, when he New S a u e o Au-
onomy (P esiden ial Dec ee No. 670/1972) was app o ed by he Pa lia-
men in ome. F om ha momen on, he Sou h Ty olean mino i ies
ecei ed a g owing numbe o igh s and ample au onomy, including
9Te minologija | 2019 | 26
p ima y and seconda y legisla i e powe s in many domains o adminis a-
ion, which lead o he cu en asse and, no su p isingly, o an inc eased
need o legal e minology. Due o space cons ain s, he ollowing Sec-
ions will concen a e on he e minological de elopmen o Ge man bu
no o Ladin in Sou h Ty ol.
1. THE BEGINNINGS OF TERMINOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT IN GERMAN
Legal language poses a speci ic e minological challenge in Sou h Ty ol.
Designa ing I alian legal concep s in Ge man equi es pa icula e o s
e en oday, o se e al easons. Fi s , in he pas , Ge man had ne e been
used o exp ess he I alian legal sys em and i s concep s; he e o e, no
e e ence e minology was a ailable (Coluccia 2000: 381). Second, o
many decades he de elopmen o a Ge man legal e minology o he
abo e-men ioned pu pose was hampe ed bo h by he ascis ban on he
Ge man language in Sou h Ty ol and la e , un il he 1970s, by he ma -
ginalised s a us o he mino i y language in he judicia y sys em and in
adminis a ion. Thi d, he e a e o he na ions in Eu ope whe e Ge man
is an o icial language a na ional o egional le el (Ammon e al. 2016:
XXXIX). Howe e , due o he di e ences be ween legal sys ems and he
esul ing sys em-bound na u e o legal concep s (de G oo 1999: 12),
Aus ian, Ge man o Swiss e ms, o example, canno simply be bo owed
o exp ess he concep s o he I alian legal sys em (Albe , Pale mo
2012: 300–310; Chiocche i, Ralli 2016: 103–105). An e iden case in
poin is he ede al o ganisa ion o Aus ia, Ge many and Swi ze land ha
is e lec ed in hei e minology. Such e ms a e la gely inadequa e o
designa e he mo e cen alised I alian o m o go e nmen .
Un il hal a cen u y ago, he de elopmen o Ge man legal e minol-
ogy in Sou h Ty ol was uncoo dina ed and no a ely ad-hoc. Mainly in
he 1970s and 1980s, di e en eams o local academics, lawye s and
judges wo king in speci ic domains joined e o s o ansla e he I alian
legal codes pe aining o hei espec i e ields o ac i i y om I alian
in o Ge man. The esul ing pa allel ex edi ions o he Ci il Code, C im-
inal P ocedu e Code, Insol ency Code, e c. we e p in ed and dis ibu ed
by a local publishing house (Zanon 2001: 178). In he a e ma h o he
New S a u e o Au onomy and due o he new s a us o Ge man as co-
o icial language, many o he ex s, such as laws and adminis a i e doc-
umen s o all kinds, we e ansla ed in o Ge man by public o icials, cle ks
Elena Chiocche i Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol: New App oaches,
New Te mbase, New Con en s
1 0
and p o essional ansla o s o bo h in e nal and public use. eg e ably,
all hese e o s we e no di ec ed by a cen al o ice and lacked he nec-
essa y s a egic language and e minology planning. T ansla ions we e
o en d a ed on a needs basis o le o he (p i a e) ini ia i e o o ices,
cle ks, associa ions, e c. conce ned wi h speci ic opics (Maye 1997: 128;
Pale mo, P ös l 1997: 53; Woelk 2000: 213; Chiocche i e al. 2017: 258).
As a consequence, he same concep s o en ended up being designa ed
by di e en e ms in Ge man (Maye 1997: 128–129; Sand ini 1998: 399–
400; Zanon 2001: 178; Chiocche i e al. 2013: 261; Chiocche i, alli
2016: 105; Chiocche i 2019: 178), c ea ing concu ing designa ions, con-
usion and e minological unce ain y. Fo example, beni e edi a i (p op-
e y belonging o a deceased pe son’s es a e) was ende ed E bscha sgü e
in he ansla ed Ci il Code and Nachlassgü e o Ve lassenscha sgü e in
he Ci il P ocedu e Code.
When he New S a u e o Au onomy was app o ed in 1972, i was soon
ealized ha he implemen a ion o he new language p o isions needed
o be based on consis en , comple e and uni ocal legal e minology. I
ook o e a decade o u he uncon olled de elopmen be o e a dedi-
ca ed Te minology Commission was es ablished by P esiden ial Dec ee
574/1988. The Te minology Commission was se up in 1991 and con-
sis ed o six expe s (bilingual judges, lawye s and ansla o s). I s manda e
was o o icially alida e legally binding couples o I alian and Ge man
e ms in he main subdomains o law (e.g. ci il law, c iminal law, p oce-
du e law, adminis a i e law, e c.). The Commissione s’ aim was o de-
elop a consis en se o well- esea ched Ge man e ms designa ing he
mos impo an legal concep s o he I alian legal sys em, which had o
be used by he Sou h Ty olean legisla u e, judicia y and adminis a ion.
These e ms we e in ended as one- o-one co esponden s o he legal
e minology in I alian and as a means o os e ing legal ce ain y and
educing e minological a ia ion in Sou h Ty olean Ge man (Albe ,
Pale mo 2012: 97–298; Chiocche i e al. 2013: 266–268; 2019: 176–177;
Chiocche i, Ralli 2016: 105–106).
The I alian and Ge man e m couples we e published p og essi ely in
he local o icial Gaze e in o m o pa allel lis s. F om he momen o
hei publica ion, he o icially s anda dised e minology became legally
binding in Sou h Ty ol. In abou 20 yea s o ac i i y, he Te minology
Commission managed o s anda dise app oxima ely 7,400 couples o e ms.
The i s lis was published in 1994, he las in 2012. In addi ion, u he

1 1Te minologija | 2019 | 26
e minology was al eady a ailable in he pa allel ex edi ions o he main
I alian legal codes. The e minology con ained in hese ansla ions was
ba ch s anda dised, b inging he amoun o o icially alida ed e ms in
Sou h Ty ol o an es ima ed numbe o 15,000 o 20,000 (Chiocche i e
al. 2017: 265; 2019: 187).
The Commissione s we e suppo ed in hei s anda disa ion wo k by a
eam o e minologis s and legal expe s a Eu ac esea ch (h p://www.
eu ac.edu/linguis ics) aking ca e o he p elimina y esea ch ac i i ies.
The in e disciplina y eam s a ed wo king wi h a sys ema ic and domain-
o ien ed app oach by delimi ing e e y subdomain unde analysis and
acqui ing ele an sou ce ma e ial. F om he e hey ex ac ed, selec ed
and o de ed he mos impo an e ms wi hin he key subdomains o he
I alian legal sys em (e.g. c iminal law, amily law, labou law) in I alian.
Then hey collec ed exis ing Ge man designa ions o hese na ional legal
concep s in Sou h Ty olean ex s. De ini ions and con ex s o use om
ele an and au ho i a i e books o no ma i e ex s we e added, oge he
wi h in o ma ion on hei sou ces (Maye 1997: 126; Chiocche i e al.
2019: 177–178). These ully- ledged e minological en ies elabo a ed
acco ding o e minological p inciples and me hods (A n z e al. 2014: 211–
219) se ed as a basis o he decisions o he Te minology Commission
ha o icially alida ed one Sou h Ty olean designa ion o e e y legal
concep ea ed. In his way s anda disa ion wo k con ibu ed g ea ly o
supp essing old imp omp u o inco ec e ms and o educing e mino-
logical a ia ion in Sou h Ty olean legal Ge man. Fo example, he s and-
a dised e m E bscha sgü e is now he only designa ion used o ende
beni e edi a i in local legisla ion. The sys ema ic app oach allowed o c e-
a e a s ock o cohe en Ge man e minology o he mos impo an
domains o ac i i y o he local legisla u e, ju isdic ion and adminis a ion.
2. NEW APPROACHES
The i s change in wo king app oach conce ns legal compa ison. This
me hod allows o compa e di e en legal sys ems agains each o he o
de ec simila i ies and di e ences. The compa ison can in ol e en i e
legal amilies and legal sys ems wi h ega d o hei gene al me hods and
app oaches o legal issues, legisla i e p ac ice, legal in e p e a ion, ju is-
p udence, e c. (mac o-compa ison). I can also conce n speci ic concep s
o p oblems. In he la e case he me hod is e med mic o-compa ison
(Zweige , Kö z 1996: 4–5; Pomme 2006: 84–85) and becomes ele an
Elena Chiocche i Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol: New App oaches,
New Te mbase, New Con en s
1 2
o e minology wo k in he domain o law (Sand ini 1996: 160–166;
Maye 1997: 126–127; de G oo 2002: 222; Chiocche i 2019: 180–182).
Mic o-compa ison allows o unde s and whe he wo designa ions belong-
ing o di e en legal sys ems e e o he same legal concep o no , i.e.
o check whe he he ele an cha ac e is ics o he gi en concep s coin-
cide o o de ec impo an concep ual disc epancies (see e.g. Chioc-
che i, Ralli 2016: 107–110 o examples). In ela ion o e minology wo k
in Sou h Ty ol, applying mic o-compa ison means looking o legal con-
cep s in Aus ia, Ge many and Swi ze land ha a e concep ually equi a-
len o he I alian legal concep s unde analysis and which ha e a simila
unc ion wi hin hei espec i e legal sys ems (Maye 2000: 299; Chioc-
che i, Ralli 2016: 106–111).
A he onse o e minological ac i i ies in Sou h Ty ol, i soon became
clea ha e minology wo k was no possible wi hou cas ing a look ac oss
he bo de . Sou h Ty ol has only o e 300,000 speake s o Ge man (ASTAT
2018: 9), while he e a e almos 100,000,000 o he na i e speake s in Eu ope,
mainly esiding in Aus ia, Ge many and Swi ze land (bie e 2017: 22). In
addi ion, Sou h Ty ol has always main ained h i ing social, cul u al, com-
me cial and poli ical con ac s wi h hese coun ies (Woelk 2000: 213–214).
The e o e, o a oid an excessi e egionalisa ion o Sou h Ty olean Ge man
and o os e ansna ional communica ion wi h he o he Ge man-speaking
a eas (Sand ini 1998: 408), conside ing he e minology used in he neigh-
bou ing coun ies would ha e been an ad an age. Also, on e y p ac ical
e ms, he Te minology Commission could adop wo s a egies o ill any
e minological gaps: ei he p oduce neologisms o bo ow o eign Ge man
designa ions used o equi alen concep s. This implied in oducing mic o-
compa ison o concep s wi h non-exis ing o inadequa e designa ions in
Sou h Ty olean Ge man (Maye 1997: 129; 2000: 299). A i s , his a he
“labo ious and ime-consuming me hod” (Maye 2000: 297) was applied
spo adically o ill e minological gaps o p opose be e i ing designa ions.
A he beginning o he new millennium, howe e , an EU- inancing allowed
o ex end he me hod o a g owing numbe o concep s. o e he yea s,
legal compa ison became a undamen al p ac ice o ensu e a high deg ee
o e minological quali y in Sou h Ty ol (Maye 2000: 297), p ima ily by
educing imp omp u and o en li e al ansla ions om I alian and inade-
qua e Ge man designa ions. Today, legal compa ison be ween he I alian
legal sys em and he neighbou ing Ge man-speaking sys ems i is he hall-
ma k o e minology wo k a Eu ac esea ch (Chiocche i e al. 2019: 178).
1 3Te minologija | 2019 | 26
The second change in wo king app oach, abou a decade la e , was a
shi om a sys ema ic and basically s anda disa ion-o ien ed o a mo e
desc ip i e app oach, which also allows o ad-hoc and ex -o ien ed e -
minology wo k. This ansi ion became necessa y when he ac i i ies o
he Te minology Commission we e discon inued in 2012 due o se e al
easons. All he Commissione s we e employed ull- ime in o he posi-
ions, so ha hey could wo k on e minology issues only occasionally
and s anda disa ion wo k did no p oceed a high speed. In addi ion,
only h ee ou o six Commissione s we e na i e Ge man speake s. These
h ee had a highe wo kload han hei I alian-speaking colleagues, espe-
cially when neology was necessa y. The o mal p ocedu e o s anda disa-
ion u he hampe ed ac i i ies, because he lis s alida ed by he Te mi-
nology Commission needed o be app o ed by bo h he local go e nmen
and he local ep esen a i e o he cen al go e nmen be o e being pub-
lished in he o icial Gaze e. This mean a sys ema ic delay o six mon hs.
The lack o ime and he leng hy p ocedu e in he end made i di icul
o keep up wi h new legisla ion, he designa ion o new concep s and he
necessa y e isions in case o legal e o ms. Indeed, i happened ha
p e iously s anda dised e ms became ou da ed qui e soon. Finally, i we
conside ha he e minological needs became u gen in 1972 when he
New S a u e o Au onomy was passed and ha he i s s anda disa ion
esul s we e published in 1994, a delay o o e 20 yea s becomes e iden .
In he mean ime, e minological de elopmen kep happening in an un-
coo dina ed and unplanned way, making subsequen s anda disa ion e en
mo e challenging (Chiocche i e al. 2017: 262–263).
Despi e all hese obs acles, he s anda disa ion e o s ha e p o ided a
ai amoun o es ablished e minology in se e al subdomains o law and –
mos impo an ly – d awn a en ion o he quali y o language, ansla ion
and e minology as well as o he exis ing e minological eposi o ies. No
all s anda dised e ms we e accep ed by he use s, e minological a ia ion
s ill exis s and he e emain se e al domains which would need some
sys ema ic e minology wo k (e.g. ax law). Such sys ema ic wo k is s ill
done when new domains a e explo ed, bu a no able sha e o he e mi-
nological ac i i ies a Eu ac esea ch oday a e ex - ela ed ( o example,
when new legisla ion is passed on impo an opics) and ad-hoc ( o ex-
ample, when new concep s become ele an o speci ic eques s a e pos -
ed). In addi ion, he exis ing s ock o e minology is egula ly checked
Elena Chiocche i Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol: New App oaches,
New Te mbase, New Con en s
1 4
and, i necessa y, upda ed. Today, main enance and upda ing a e essen ial
s eps o p ese e he quali y and eliabili y o any e minological esou ce
o i s end use s (D ewe , Schmi z 2017: 37; Zanola 2018: 77).
S anda disa ion wo k was always based on essen ially desc ip i e e mi-
nological en ies. Wi h he las no ma i e s ep being abandoned, he de-
sc ip i e app oach emained in place. In addi ion, since i is now easie o
dissemina e e minology widely (e.g. ia he In e ne ) and he aim o
e minology wo k oday is no jus de eloping Sou h Ty olean legal lan-
guage anymo e, bu acili a ing and os e ing ansna ional communica ion,
s anda disa ion is no needed wi h he same u gency as be o e. When he e
a e s ill doub s on which e m, among a se o wo o mo e concu ing
ones, should be used in Sou h Ty ol, he e minologis s a Eu ac esea ch
consul wi h he o ice o Language Issues, which is esponsible o he
ansla ion and e ision o local legisla ion, and wi h domain expe s, so
ha a join ecommenda ion may be gi en. Howe e , his ecommenda ion
is in no way legally binding and he use s emain ee o choose based on
he in o ma ion made a ailable in he e minological en ies.
The hi d and las change in wo king app oach conce ns coope a ion
wi h end-use s. In he 1990s, he mos u gen domains had been se-
lec ed on a needs basis, a ou ing he subdomains ha we e mo e ele an
o he Sou h Ty olean public adminis a ion and he judicia y, while
essen ially lea ing ou some o he s such as, o example, ma i ime law
and chu ch law. In he las h ee decades he local go e nmen has acqui ed
addi ional p ima y and seconda y legisla i e powe s and some subdomains
ha e gained ele ance, o example occupa ional heal h and sa e y. Con-
sequen ly, he cu en app oach o e minology wo k is e y ocused on
he needs exp essed by he end use s. Fo example, he eques o e -
minology wo k in he domain o occupa ional heal h and sa e y was oiced
by he esponsible o ices wi hin he local adminis a ion. Te minology
wo k on li ing wills was igge ed by a new law app o ed in 2017 in I -
aly. Se e al ad-hoc eques s we e pos ed by o he local public o p i a e
o ganisa ions, e.g. he Cou o Audi o s, he Cus oms Agency and p i a e
use s o associa ions. Such eques s a e analysed, answe ed and he esul s
a e made a ailable o he gene al public.
Paying g ea e a en ion o he eal needs o use s allows he e minol-
ogy wo k a Eu ac esea ch o be ocused on cu en opics and, a he
same ime, o dissemina e wo k mo e easily among speci ic p o essional
communi ies. Wo king on p esen -day legisla ion and deba ed opics as
2 1Te minologija | 2019 | 26
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Te minoLoGijos da bas PieTų Ti oLyje: nauji Požiū iai, nauja Te minų bazė, naujas Tu inys
San auka
S aipsnyje ap ašoma eisės e minologijos da bo aida Pie ų Ti olyje nuo An ojo
pasaulinio ka o laikų iki šių dienų. Pie ų Ti olis y a daugiakalbė Šiau ės I alijos p o in-
cija, ku ioje kaip mažumų kalbos y a į eisin os okiečių kalba i ladinų kalba. Daugiau-
sia dėmesio ski iama okiškos e minijos a kybai, a skleidžiami me odų i požiū ių
pokyčiai. Sis eminį, į s anda iza imą o ien uo ą požiū į neseniai pakei ė labiau ap ašo-
mojo pobūdžio me odas, suda an is sąlygas specialesnei, į eks ą o ien uo ai e minolo-
gijai. Esmine Eu ac Resea ch a liekamų e minologijos s i ies da bų me odologine ypa-
ybe y a apęs i ališkos i okiškos (naudojamos Aus ijoje, Vokie ijoje, Š eica ijoje)
kalbų sis emų lyginimas mik olygmeniu. In e ne e pa eikiamoje eisės e minijos in o -
macinėje sis emoje (h p://bis o.eu ac.edu/) kiek ienas e minas p iski iamas ienai a
kelioms konk ečioms eisės sis emoms i aip pa odomas sis eminis eisės e minijos
pobūdis. Ku ian Pie ų Ti olio okiečių kalbos e miniją, oks sis emiškumas padeda iš-
eng i pe didelio ie inės eisės kalbos egioniškumo, nes kai ik galimi p iim ini a i-
ik menys užsienio kalba, e minai gali bū i adap uojami i a ojami Pie ų Ti olyje. Ša-
lims bend ada biaujan i p ekiaujan , ai ge ina a p als ybinius I alijos i okiškai kal-
bančių šalių san ykius. Siekian enkin i ikslinių a o ojų po eikius i eikala imus,
2016 m. sis ema bis o bu o iš esmės a naujin a. Daba inė apima eisines kolokacijas,
obulesnes il a imo unkcijas, išplės inį kon eks ą, p ieigą p ie isos bibliog a inės in-
o macijos, g įž amojo yšio unkciją. Va o ojų pageida imu į aukiama naujų s ičių,
pa yzdžiui, p o esinė s eika a i sauga, o ai kelia nemažų me odologinių iššūkių. Kad
e minologijos da bai i oliau u ė ų e ę, jie u i bū i aikomi p ie eisinių, echnolo-
ginių i isuomenės pokyčių. Taikomieji me odai, p iemonės i u inys u i a i ik i kin-
ančius ikslinių a o ojų g upių po eikius, ska in i e minijos sklaidą.
Gau a 2019-08-19
Elena Chiocche i
Eu ac esea ch
Ins i u e o Applied Linguis ics
Viale D uso 1, I-39100 Bolzano
E-mail elena.chiocche i@eu ac.edu