LIETUVIU
KALBOTYROS
KLAUSIMAI,
XXVIII
(1989)
KALBU
RYSIAI
IR
SAVEIKOS
SAKOBAC
TPH®OHOBAC
SBbIKOBbIE
TWECKIIPO
B
STHMYECKH
CMEDIAHBIX
CEMbAX
Onno
u3
Baxneimux
oco6enHoc eli
copeTcKo o
oOulecTBa
aBIAeTCA eTO
MHO oHalMOHabHOCTh.
Ona
xapakTepH3yeT
CaMble
pa3JIMYHEIe
COUMYMbI
—
OT
KpylHeiimmx,
Kak
HacesIeHHe
oTyenbHo
pecny6mmKH,
Kpas,
o6nacTH,
opona,
10
Meubuaiiimax
—
MpoM3sBoACTBeHHBI,
yueOHbIi
KOMNEKTHB
HT.
TI.
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‘TUBH3ANUA
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cTpa e
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BCe
B
GONbUei
CTeneH
3aTpa MBacT
H
MesIbualilily1o
eMHMIy
YenoBeyecKo o
ObulecTBa
—
ceMbIO.
STO
oMpeseAeTCA
MOCTOAHHBIM
ykpe sieHHeM
H
pa3BHTHeM
9KOHOMH4eCKHX
HM
KyJIbTYPHBIX
cBsa3eii
MexAy
Hapo-
TlaMu
Halleii
CTpaHbi,
4TO
BeeT,
C
OMHOM
CTOPOHBI,
K
BHYTpeHHeli
KOHCOJMIalHH
Hamui
HW
HapogHoc Teli
M
K
Mex3THMYeCKO
MHTe palMn,
C
apy o
(Baiinu eiin
1977,
122).
KonxpeTHbIm
mposBieHeM
Tako
HHTe payuH
sIBuIAeTCA
POCT
KouMYeCTBA
MexXKHALMOHAIbHBIX
Opakos,
a
CeMOBATEMbHO,
HW
STHMYCCKH
CMCIUAHHBIX
cemeii.
Tak,
10
HoBeiiMIMM
JaHbIM
IpHMepHo
Kaxkad
WiecTad
CeMbaA
Halle
cTpa-
HbI
OObCMMHAeT
HM
pasHoi
HanMOHaNbHOcTH
(MaxYHcKHii,
Ia6onaun
1987,
290).
B
pecny6muxke
na e
TombKo
3a
MepHog
c
1970
10
1978
.
KomMYeCTBO
TaKHX
ce-
Meii
Bo3pocm0
MOUTH
Ha
3%,
a
KONMYECTBO
AeTeli,
pORMBIINXCA
B
HHX,
COCTABHAIO
13,9%
Bcex
HoBoxyenHEx
(Gauéas
1981,
28).
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B
OMHOM
cembe
MpescTaBuTeneii
pasHbIx
HaWMOHaIbHOCTeH
H,
Kak
T1paBHsIO,
HOCHTeNei
Pa3HBIX
ASKIKOB
CO3MaeT
CHelMuyeCKHe
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ANA
pa3BUTHA
A3bIKOBBIX
Mpo eccos.
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Gobilloe
sHa eHHe
9TO
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ANT
dbopMuponaHHa
s3bIKOBOH
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TAKUX
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commanbHo-oGilecTBeHHBIMH
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AB-
JIMOTCA
eo
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ponHoli a3bIK.
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TO
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H
110
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paHbille,
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poh
B
ITOM
Mpouecce
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B
CeMbE, KOTOpBIii
nomapia omemM
B
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wHAMBHAyyMa.
[lenbio
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M3
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cemeii
poqHO O
A3bIKa,
a
BMOCMeACTBHM
H
HallMOHAIbHOCTH.
Visyyenue
s3pikopbix
Guo paduii
59
undhopManTos
—
He eii
cpemHe o
H
CTape o
WIKONBHOTO
BO3pacTa,
PONMBINHXCA
H
BOCIHTBIBAIOWIMXCA
B
CMCIIAHHBIX
ceMbax,
OubIa
YACTb
KOTOPHIX
(OKONO
80%)
MpoxkMBaeT
B
TOpOe,
BbLABHIO
149
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KAPTHHY,
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B3aHMOLelicTBHe
pa3JIM4HBIX
(akTOpoB. AsbIK
OGWIEHHA B
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A3KIKOM
pomuTeneii,
KOTOPbIii B CBOIO
OYepeb, KaK
NpaIOBus,
COBMagaeT Cc
HalMOHAaTbHOC-
THIO. Han6olee
MHOTOYHCHEHH-
Y!O Fpynily cpeh
H3yYeHHBIX
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CMeLAaHHBIX
CeMeii
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CEMbH,
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Ie U3
MpeACTAaBHTee-
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(OCHOBHOM)
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JaHHOH
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pyccKHx (50%,
Bcex cMelaHHBIX
cemei ).
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TO
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apoli BTO pyncb
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TH
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(KMe Ap Ap Ap
Apko) Ten
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pyunbl,
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NIpeACHMBHNAB-
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(KPIMBTAE
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4 TpeT pynmax)
HalMoHaHaHaHa-
HaHaHHHO
WaMuKu
(CanyKaa,
Tepen besa 481),
CocBea BaBe o
MJBeca Yac0TY
Yac0B is also
known as ceM. A
TpeTbeli 10
MHOTOYMCEHHO-
CTH OKa3asach
YeTBepTas
pynna (11,9%%).
B6 ocoy o pynny
BEmens- ¥OTCA
CEMbH,
COCTABJICHbIe
H3
MpecTaBuTeneli
ykpawHcKoli u
GenopyccKoli
HaIHOHATIBHOCT-
eH, OAHOM
C
CTOPOHLI,
H
Apy ux
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(KpOMe
KOpeHHOi
W
pyccKoli)
c Apy oii,
KouMYe-
CTBO
KOTOpBIX
Takoe xe,
KaK H BO
BTOpPoli
pymmne
(cm.
Ta6m. 1).
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u ee
Buuanne
Ha
BEIGOp
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HA B
CeMbe, a
TEM
CaMBIM H
pod-
HOFO
A3bIKa
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A3bIK
MaTepH.
B
Tpex
43
NATH
BbIeeHHBIX
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copnaweHHA
9TUX
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—
oT
60
no
100.
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nepsoii
pynne
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BbIOOp
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MH
13bIKOM
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HO
BO
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—
u
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0
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B
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CeMbe,
ABJIAETCH
ASBIKOBOe
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Tak,
y
NOaBAs OMe o
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pynMbl,
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poxTeHHA
MpMBAOKIOMIMX
B
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JIMTBEL,
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HTOBCKOE
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oGycnoBseHO
caMuM
xapakTepoM
ceMeii
WaHo o
Tuna: cemeii
73,3%
oObeqMHAeT pycCKHX
MYXxK4HH,
TMIpeMMyllecTBeHHO
H3
YuCua
pyccKHxX
cTapoxH0B
JIMTBEI,
M
WHTOBOK.
Kak
0Ka-
3aHO paOM
uccHenoBaTeneii
(Hem4eHKo
1960;
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1984;
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1979
uw
pycckoe
c apoxusbyeckoe
HacejeHHe
XapakTepH3yeTCA
BbICOKOIi
CTENCHbIO
PYCCKO-JIMTOBCKOFO
JBYASKIMMA,
MOCTHTAOleH
B
OTCJIbHBIX
A3bIKOBbIX
kosseKTUBaXx
92—98
%,
(Tpuoxopac,
1978,
221),
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ucnosb30BaHHeM
JIHTOBCKOFO
A3bIKa
B
Pa3IMYHBIX
ccbepax
OGUIeHUA
—
NpPOM3BOACTBEHHO!,
eN0BO; i, kysIbTypHOH.
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9T0 cocobc Bye
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NOMOKUTENbho o
OTHOMIEHHA
K
MIPOHHKHOBCHHIO
JaHHOTO
A3bIKa
MU
B
CeMeliHy o
cchepy,
Yemy
B
Goubilei
cTeneHu
cloco6c ByeT
pe3KOe
YBeJIMYeHHe
MMTOBCKOTO
A3EIKOBOTO
OKPY2KeHHA
3a
CueT
POZCTBEHHHKOB,
3HAKOMBIX,
COCJIY2KHBIIEB
2%KeHBI.
Bui6op
pyccko o
A3bIKa. B
KaYeCTBe
a3bIKa
CeMeiiHO o
O6MIeHUA
onpezesse ca
BO3HeHCTBHEM
OObEKTHBHBIX
U
CYOLCTHBHBIX
(bakTOpos
AByA3BI4NA
(MuxaJIbYeHKO
150
1984,
108).
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no
2aHHBIM
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NepellHcH
HacesIeHHA,
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Ha
Ca-
MOOMUeHKAX,
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€.
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(pakTOpe
UBYASBIMHA,
BI.
Illi ayna
pycckoe
Haceylenue
coc apnae
11
°/,,
HO
B
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pycckui
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aBwaeT-
cs
(YHKIMOHATbHO
TepBbIM,
Hamip.,
B
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C
PYCCKUM
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B
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pycckui
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H
MHUPOBOM
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pyilax
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ceMeli,
B
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mipescTapuTesel
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pecnyO/IMKH,
a
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BTOpOH
pymme
cemeii,
ae
pycckuii
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@opmupopanne
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(baKTOPOB,
Ba%KHeHIIMMH
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B
pesybTa Te
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pyMb
(90%)
cu a o
ce6a
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Tipu
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%),
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bakTOpaMH
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NOpsAAKa,
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Kak
MeCTO
pOxJeHUA
HIM
*Ke aHHe
pozUTeneii.
B
TTBpeeli
pynne
BBIGOp
HallHOHasIb-
HOCTH
MOMHOCTbio
COOTBETCTBYeT
TPaMI/[MOHHOMY:
3a
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ge u
x3
Ta6nuua
1.
Coo nomense
poquo o
a3bIKa
H*HOPMAHTOB
C
A3bIKOM
poau eneli
H
A3bIKOM
o6yyeHua
e
B
TOM
4HCuIe
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|
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TayaeT
c
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|
SI3BIK
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cemMbH
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%
; |
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|
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|
JIu oscxo-pyccxue
30
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83,3
84
16
70
pycckni
16,7
40
60
30
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6
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16,7
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=-
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=
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60
40
100
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-
-
-
=
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P
pycckni
100
28,6
71,4
100
HalMonasbHoc eii
ap.
Ha . (em inglês)
-
-
-
-
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6ap.-apy ux
6
pycckHii
100
-
100
HalMOHaTIBHOCTEei
151
Ta6Onuya
2.
Coo nomenne
naynonasbuoc n
HH(POpMaHTOB
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Kon-80
Hanwonans-
¢
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uudopMan-
|
HocTs
mHdop-
%
TOB
MaHTOB
Ma enn
a.
Jiu oscKo-pycckue
30
JIMTOBIEI
90
81,5
18,5
pycckue
10
-
100
JIm oncko-yxp.,
6p.
6
JIMTOBUBI
33,3
50 50
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50 -
100
6enopycs
16,7
100
-
Pyccxo-ykpamuckue
10
pycckne
80
75 25
ykpaHHup
20
100
-
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cTaTUCTH4ecKOi
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qaHHEIx,
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OCHOBe
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MO
aHKeTe
CONMONOTH
ASKIKOB,
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pynmo
pyccKoa3bika upH
To
Muc u y e
mu oscKo o
s3bIka
HM
uMTepa ypp
AH
JIu oscxo
CCP
p
1983
.
TaKHX
CeMeii
Yale
H30Mpa oT
pyccky!O
HallMoHambHOc s
(Canukas,
Tepen besa
1977,
480).
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ueTBep oi
pynme
Takxe
mpeoOnanae T
pycckaa
HAaNMOHANbHOCTD,
a
B
NOCHeqHeH
OMHAKOBO
MpeyCTaBseHbI
BCe
HAIMOHANbHOCTH,
TO,
110-BHyIMMOMY,
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BJIMAHHeM
YacTHBIX
bakTOpos.
Tipu o606ujeHHu
aHanu3a
ucc eqoBaHHo o
MaTepHasa
MpeycTaBmseTca
Bo3-
MOXHBIM
IpeHMOOXKHTb,
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Pa3sBUTHe
ASKIKOBEIX
H
MeXKITHMYECKHX
MpoMeccoB
Ha
oOcieqoBaHHON
Teppu opun
(B
.
Kypuienai ,
IWsyna
u
aynsiicxom
p-ne)
B
OCHOBHOM
HallpaBieHO
B
CTOpoHY
cOmMxKeHMA
MpescTaBuTeneli
pyccKoii
Hanuo-
HaJIbHOCTM
C
KOPeHHBIM
HaCesIeHMeM
pecnyOMHKU,
a
MpeycTaBuTenel
mpy ux
Ha-
UMOHAIbHOCTeH
—
Ha
ToqO6HOe
B3aNMoselicTBHe
Cc
pycCKHMH.
JIATEPATYPA
Baiimu eiin
C.
WM.
Connanpuo-sxonomuueckue
mpegnocbiiku
1
@axTopbi
3THHYecKHX
npoueccos
B
CCCP
//
Cospemenusie
s Hu4eckue
mponecce
B
CCCP.
2-e u3n.
M.,
1977.
C.
105—122.
Tanyxas
O.
A.,
Tepen sesa
JL.
H.
Mexnanmonanbusie
OpakH
4
HX
poub
B
9THHYeCKHX
Npouecc-
ax
//
CoppemMeHHbie
sTHAYeCKHe
Mponecch!
B
CCCP.
2-e u3a.
M.,
1977.
C.
460—483.
Gauéas
P.
Daba iniai
e niniai
p ocessai
Li uânia
//
Mokslas
i
gy enimas,
1981.
N .
3.
P.
27—28.
Muxasyenxo
B.
10.
Tpo6nema
bynxunonmposanna
4
B3aMMoOzelicTBnA
JIMTOBCKOTO
H
pyccKO O
s3bIKOB.
BumbHioc,
1984.
Hemuenxo
B.
H.
Tosop
pyccxux
c apoxanos
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CCP:
Tuc.
...KaH.
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Hayk.
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Cusunxene
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CCP
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Tpudonosac
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PYCCKO O
H
JIHTOBCKOTO
A3bIKOB
B
JIu oscxo
CCP:
[Iuc.
...
kann. (em inglês)
cbunon.
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M.,
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152