97s aipsniai / a icles
daLia sVide skienė
Ins i u e o Li huanian Language
Scien i ic esea ch a eas: onomas ics ( he c ea ion o eal wo ds,
kilmės y imai).
Cha ac e is ic ea u es o he o ma ion o ag onyms o an h oponymic o igin in Ma ijampolė
coun y anno a ion The a icle p o ides a de ailed analysis o he in e wa pe iod in Ma ijampolė
coun y o a class o ag onyms (ag onyms) o med om pe sonal names, su names, e hnonyms
and su names. F om he poin o iew o ag icul u al p oduc ion, hey a e in es iga ed by
applying he classi ica ion d awn up by he aqua is s, acco ding o which hey a e classi ied in o
p ima y and seconda y, and he la e in o edic (p ecede s, p ecep s, endings), mixed and
compound. In explaining he o igin, we look o a mo e p ecise oo wo d (e imono), om which we
de i e, wi h which we associa e ag onyms. pe sonal p onouns p edomina e among he la e . In
he a ea unde in es iga ion, hey can be bo h Li huanian (s ill unc ioning o al eady
disappea ed) and Polish, in some cases also a ac o he Ge man lexicon.
The a icle o e s a de ailed analysis o he o ma ion o place names (ag onyms) o one sub-class
in he in e wa pe iod in Ma ijampolė coun y, which ha e been o med om an h oponyms,
appella i e names o pe sons, e hnonyms, e c. Ag onyms a e examined in he con ex o
o ma ion, applying classi ica ion compiled o hyd onyms, by which hey a e di ided in o p ima y
and seconda y, and he la e a e u he di ided in o de i a i es (wi h p e ixes, su ixes o
endings). Essen ial wo ds: he in e wa pe iod, place names, occupa ion, o igin, pe sonal names.
keyWo ds: in e wa pe iod, place names, wo d-building, o igin, an h oponyms.
ALL_62_63_make as.indd 97 2011.06.17 08:24:04 The e a e e y ew wo ks ha gi e a de ailed analysis
o he p oduc ion o a single class o place names, a speci ic egion o place. The mos p oduc i e
ypes o hei manu ac u e and he mos equen sou ces o o igin ha e been iden i ied. A
98 o he Ac on
daLia sVide skienė
Li huanian Linguis ics LXII[…]LXIII
While cla i ying he o igin, he mos p ecise p ima y wo d (e ym) om which he ag onyms a e
de i ed and o which hey a e ela ed is sough . an h oponyms ma kedly p e ail among he
la e . in he in es iga ed a ea, hey may be he ac s o he Li huanian (s ill unc ioning o
al eady ex inc ) as well as o he Polish o in ce ain cases o he Ge man lexis.
0. ĮVadas
sepa a e a icle is published on he analysis o he ag onomes in he Telšiai dis ic (Mickienė 2006:
27-30). and he peculia i ies o he making o he class o oponyms unde conside a ion. Local
(Mickienė 2001) i ne ijos ba ku ės (ba ku ė 2008) dak a o dise acijos, ku iose
i iama a ealinė oponimija. g e a ki ų oponimų klasių (subklasių) da ybiškai y-
inė i elšių i joniškio ajonų ag onimai (ba ku ė 2008: 147–176; Mickienė 2001:
esea ch is complemen ed by he ag onomic su ey o no he n cen al Li huania (endzely ė 2004:
8089). This a icle discusses he cu en known and exis ing a ian s o he ionic, Pak uojo, Pas ali
ano au o ės, okie y inėjimai pa odo mik o egiono oponimų da ybos speci iką
dis ic s o ag icul u al and nume ical a ian s om he poin o iew o cons uc ion,
s uc u e, seman ics (endzely ė 2004a: 110). Acco ding o he au ho , place names assessed om
he poin o iew o p oduc ion and o igin a e eco ded in all place name classes: se lemen s,
wa e bodies and land names. In addi ion, he a icles o he h ea ened blaziness, which discuss
nimai. Šiau ės idu io Lie u os e i o ijos ie o a džiai su p iesaga -išk- (abiejų
he names o he ields o he Ki pėnai mano (blažienė 1986: 3742) and e iew he names o ields,
meadows, clones, o es s, hills, oads and o he objec s eco ded in he P ussian names
collec ions (blažienė 2005: 2741). The au ho sugges s ha hese oponyms, collec ed om w i en
sou ces, be called place names o names o uninhabi ed places. The in e na ional e m ag on[…]mas
is used in he Sla ic language oponymic e m sys em o e e o one o he oponymic species.
These a e he names o he di e en lands, plo s o land, plo s, plo s, plo s, plo s, plo s, plo s (g .
άγρος […] ield, plo s) (Podolska ja 1978: 27). In his a icle, we will discuss a single class o place
names, naming ce ain simila land su ace objec s (a imus, cul i a ed land, soil, pas u e, meadow,
plo s, land, e c.), o ag onyms, he e m ag onym is used consis en ly. I necessa y, he e ms
place name, oponym a e used synonymously. I is belie ed ha by u he s udying he ag onyms
de i ed om bo h appella i es and o he place names, by discussing he mos common ways o he
eme gence o de i a i es, by d awing conclusions abou he main ends in hei p oduc ion, e c.,
s ylis ically ALL_62_63_make as.indd 98 2011.06.17 08:24:04
Ma ijampolės apsk i ies asmen a dinės
kilmės ag onimų da ybos b uožai
In addi ion o he a o emen ioned, he e m 'land name' (zemė a džiai) will be used
in a na owe sense in he a icles o A icle 99.
s aipsnis pa ašy as ie ų a dų (ag onimų) kilmės pag indu, . y. jame pa ei-
kiami os pačios kilmės2, be į ai ių da ybos ipų bei būdų ie o a džiai. Pi miau-
p ima y and plu al ag onomies a e p esen ed, ollowed by […] all seconda y b anches,
p iesagų, p iešdėlio ediniai, sudu iniai i sudė iniai ag onimai3. okiu būdu sie-
which a e cla i ied in he in e wa pe iod om he w i en pe sonal p onouns o he
language o li e in he ag onomic p oduc ion o he polinki. In his a icle, an a emp is
made o de e mine he peculia i ies o he ypes and me hods o making men ioned in
he a ea, wha p e ixes a e used in he o ma ion o p eposi ional e bs, wha is hei
meaning, an a emp is made o highligh he ag onyms o he ag onyms o med by he
combina ion and composi ion, e c. The las is sough in he Li huanian pe sonal
an oponimijos šal iniuose – Lie u ių pa a džių žodyne (LPŽ), Lie u ių a dų kilmės
ocabula y (LVkŽ5), in he monog aph o Zygmun Zinke ičius Li huanian pe sonal
p onouns, i necessa y, in he e hnonym and o he simila cases. A pa icula ly
impo an sou ce o econs uc ed su names is he abėcėlinė his o ical su name
a chi e, kep in he unds o he Va dyno b anch o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e
(IAK). I was used on 48 occasions (~7%). I is p ecisely he collec ion o pe sonal names
ha is also used when i is necessa y o jus i y a econs uc ed pe sonal name4,
based on he name o he pe son on appeal, he p o ession, o igin, appea ance,
cha ac e is ics o he pe son, e c. (Dese nikowa, Kalwis, Kaameks, K ewcius, Kud ys,
Ryma , Szal yz, ziauciowa, e c.).
1 All single- illage place names in he Ma ijampolė dis ic acco ding o he ype o objec s named by he
au ho (s ide skienė 2005: 94) we e di ided in o h ee la ge g oups: wa e ma ks, names o se lemen s and
a ious o he land su ace objec s (a ms, heigh s, cul i a ed lands, soils, di ches, ma shes, pas u es,
moun ains, hills, oads, ields, meadows, o es s, plains, islands, pa hs, e c.). The la e place names, i.e. all o
hem, we e called land names in he a icle, belie ing ha his e m bes desc ibes he eal names o he
landscape […] bo h la ge (d imonimus, o onimus, e c.) and small (ag onimus, d omonimus, e c.). I is assumed
ha his p o ision will be complied wi h in he u u e. he e m land name will be used bo h in he b oad
(speaking o he whole o he land su ace objec s) and in he na ow (speaking o a single place name
subclass […] ag onym […] uni ) meanings. 2 F om he poin o iew o o igin, ag onyms a e assigned o clea
o igins (de i ed om pe sonal names, de i ed om he names o appella i e pe sons) and possible dual
o igins. 3 S uc u al and g amma ical classi ica ions we e compiled o s udy he wo ks o Alexande
Vanago's wa e colo s (Vanago 1970: 25).
4 Much a en ion is paid o he p e alence o bo h he appella ions and he names om which hey a e
de i ed and he ag onomic da a o he ag onomic names hemsel es. Recons uc ed su names a e
usually based on his o ical su names ixed in he same a ea o nea by places (see also Chap e 3).
ALL_62_63_make as.indd 99 2011.06.17 a 8:24:04 in he name o i inc eases he alue o he
100
daLia sVide skienė
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXII–LXIII
be jau minė ų a ejų, s a būs i ki i, kai ekons uo ą e imoną bu o galima
pag įs i ik u ė ais is o inės an oponimijos duomenimis, . y. neišlikusiais asmen-
ma e ial being published. In addi ion, many o he explana ions o he o igin o he
ag onomes desc ibed in his a icle a e published o he i s ime. The s udy showed
ha when sea ching o su names, appella i e pe sonal names, e c. based on he base
wo d (e imonu) also men ioned Polish (28 […] ~4%) sou ces, and in some cases Ge man (4 […]
~0.6%) sou ces o su names. Thus, he su names de i ed om he Ma ijampolė dis ic
in he in e wa pe iod a e no only Li huanian, bu also Polish o Ge man su names. The
ag onimai, unkcionuoja ne ik lie u ių, be i minė ų kalbų a dynuose – ai y a
main ocus o he ag onomic analysis is based on 725 insc ip ions o place names eco ded
ai, kad a ojan są okas lie u ių, lenkų, okiečių asmen a džiai, u ima gal oje
lie u ių, lenkų i okiečių asmen a džių isuma, o ne gene inė jų kilmė7 .
in he in e wa pe iod in h ee illages in he Ma ijampolė dis ic . The meaning and o igin
o 627 di e en place names a e explained in he a icle ( epea ed lexemes esuda o
~13% (98 n .)). I is belie ed ha he published base wo ds (e imones) could also be
conside ed as a e e ence o he e ymology o place names analyzed in his a icle, which
would complemen o e en suppo he unexplo ed explana ions o he o igin o o he
Li huanian place names.
he a icle publishes au hen ic su names, hei spelling and gende a ian s w i en in
he e nacula . i he place name is no c ossed ou o i s spelling is unclea , un eliable,
i is no spelled ou in he a icle. Each place name shall be accompanied by e e ences
o he named objec s and hei loca ion9. A e explaining he o igin o he ag onomic
name, only in isola ed cases, in o de o a oid epe i ion, e e ences o sou ces a e
p o ided.
This s udy o a eal oponymy begins wi h he analysis o p ima y and mul iple
ag onomy.
5 In his and o he cases, in o de o exp ess he esul s o he su ey no only in numbe s bu also in
pe cen ages, he b acke s indica e i s he numbe o ep esen a i es, ollowed by he pe cen age
exp ession o he numbe . 6 The i s a en ion o he Li huanian oponymic laye , which es i ies o he
close links be ween Li huanian and Polish oponymy, was d awn by Vi alija Maciejauskienė (Maciejauskienė
2006: 218[…]236). onomas ė desc ibed he impo ance o Polish su names and o he pe sonal names in explaining
he o igin o he pa o Li huanian place names in he ocabula y (www.l z).
See also 7. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion
in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. 8 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he da a o he Li huanian
in e -e hnic su eys, see s ide skienė (2005: 93). 9 based on he lis o abb e ia ions al eady d awn
10 eikiama abėcėlinės is o inių asmen a džių ka o ekos, saugomos Lie u ių kalbos ins i u o Va dyno
sky iaus onduose, nuo oda, ku ią a i inka san umpa iak, kele o lenkų i okiečių an oponimijos
up by he LVZ. In addi ion o he ocabula y o hese languages, he ocabula y o he appella i e
lexicon o hese languages, many o which a e plu al, e e ences. a lis o co esponding
abb e ia ions is p o ided a he end o he a icle wi h e e ences o o he sou ces.
Ma ijampolės apsk i ies asmen a dinės
kilmės ag onimų da ybos b uožai
101 a icles by a icles
1. Ag icul u al p oduc s o he Republic o A menia
The e a e 549 o hem in he Ma ijampolė dis ic (~76% o all place names
selec ed o he s udy).
1.1.P ima y ag onomes a e ag onomes wi hou addi ional o man s in he
manu ac u ing p ocess. These place names a e adequa e o pe sonal names,
om which we de i e: Ba bã a p . Lb : a d. *Ba ba a, plg. Lenk. This is he i s
ime I' e seen his. . Ba ba a (S.P. 44), which eads as ollows: o which: Ba ba a
(SnP i 171) and he amily The bagpipes p . gdl: p d. Bãgdžius, Bagdžiùs11; B ùžikas
lg. I is also known as Bãgdžius. V: he p d. B ushed 12. he plu al, called he plu alia
an um, he ag onym is ixed o one. i s o mal p oduc ion indica o is he numbe : Duõbiniai p . Ld n: he p d. I 's a duck.
The Vedic
1.2.1. galūnių ediniai. Šių edinių de i acinis požymis galūnė, ku i y a susijusi
ALL_62_63_make as.indd 100 2011.06.17 08:24:04 wi h a change o amily o w i e -a and -ė(s) o he las names, de i ed om pe sonal names:
- This is Kasčiuk-a p . he ollowing able is inse ed: Cinnamon and cinnamon- ee lowe s
- (sighs) Al iškė p . (sighs) Wha a e you doing? I 's called he Al i iškis. This
Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in
he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The Ba anauskas. he ollowing
able is added: I 's called a ba anaukas o some hing. ; The Delnick-e p .
*šma lakas a pan., plg. a d. Ju gis Szmo lak 1629 (iak); Šeškausk-ė p . kl :
P onuncia ion o The Delnick; I 's he same hing. gdl: p d. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion G ain o whea he ollowing able is inse ed: Con aining by weigh mo e han 0,25% o ca bon The G n-ė p . he ollowing able is inse ed: The G nius; Role-playing game K sn: he p d. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel The Šma lak-ės p . This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. A six-pack o some hing.
1.2.2. The wedding ings. Thei wo ks use 20 p eposi ions (coun ing bo h gen es
and numbe a ian s): 14 o Li huanian (Bal ic) o igin -ai ė, -ėlis, -iena, -ienė, -ija,
-inė(s), -inis, -ynė, -iškė(s), -iškiai, -iškis, -lė, - and 8 o Sla ic o igin -anas, -auca,
-okas, -a as, -ča aizna, -enk-, -k-, -o a. he ag onomes a e u he subdi ided
in o abėcėliškai, in acco dance wi h he ollowing annexes:
-Ai ė: Dibšk-ai ė p . (English p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Swedish
ac ess. Lb : a d. *Dibiška o o he , plg. a d. This Decision shall en e
in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. o which: Diba (snP ii 423); and I 's called K a uk-ai ė. V: by he way. *K a ukas o o he s, plg. p d. The K a iukas;
- This is Kališ-anas a . he ollowing able is added: O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o i on o
s eel 11 The name o he lawn could also be conside ed a de i a i e o he name o he lawn. I 's
he bagpipes. 12 Appa en ly, he name o he league could also be in e p e ed as a p e ix -ikas
edinys om p d. I 's a b uise. ALL_62_63_make as.indd 101 2011.06.17 08:24:04 Wha is he meaning o he wo d "make as"?

102
daLia sVide skienė
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXII–LXIII
D . Nan-auka Ld n: p d. is he name o he doc o . Nanis and Nanỹs; - This is
Scin-a à p . English: a d. *Scina o o he , plg. o which: O he , o a a
-a as: Kaspe -ã as p . Lb : a d. Kãspe as;
con en , by weigh - name: Dumaše -chzna o . This is he i s ime I' e seen him in public. *Dumaše as and o he s, plg. (Russian) o which: Two
The show (sa ii 364), p d. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o i on o s eel
- om Ma yn-lis illage. Ld n: he a d. The Ma ins; -en-: Zõj-enkos gn., p .
This is he name o he municipali y. clo e […] olded wi h a ope. he
ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on
he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o
he Eu opean Union. - he Glambok-iena p . he ollowing able is inse ed:
F esh o chilled, ozen Kabak-iena d . kz : p d. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. Cucumbe s and cucumbe s he ollowing able is inse ed: The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The humb; I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . o which: Auda (snP i 94), p d. is loca ed in he dis ic o Auda. Audaci y
- his is G ič-ijà p . he ollowing able is inse ed: G eys; - This is Ab om-[…]nė d b. M
P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. The Ab õmas; I 's
called Aiduk-[…]nė d b. o which: he ollowing able is inse ed: Help o some hing. ;
A minai -[…]nė i e and i e M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione
o his eply. A mini is and Bende -[…]nė L d. is a wholly owned subsidia y o
Bende -[…]nė. M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I should like o begin by
cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . The Beñde is; Bielsk-[…]nė
L d. is a wholly owned subsidia y o Bielsk-[…]nė. M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I
should like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . Belskis
o he like. ; The d b o Boguš-nė. M . P esiden , I would like o hank he
Commissione o his eply. God o some hing. ; B ažùk-inė p . (F ench p onuncia ion
(help·in o)) is a municipali y in Sweden. gdl: p d. F esh o chilled Bu -[…]nė p . The
Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle
26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o
his Regula ion. Bu che s The symbol o he p . he ollowing able is added: Cimbolà
o he like. ; The G ea Wall o China. M . P esiden , I would like o hank he
Commissione o his eply. D[…] wo; Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading,
excep ha o he p oduc . he ollowing able is added: A job o some hing. ; This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Ld n: he p d. Wha e e you wan . ; Eiduk-[…]nė d b. This is he name o he i e . o which: he ollowing able is inse ed: The Eidùkas; I don' know wha you' e alking abou . M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. […] The a en; G am-shaped d b. M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. The G am; Black o b own. he ollowing able is added: The black one. This is Kaz-nė p . Ld n: om Kazỹs; Kėle -nė i e M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. he cle gy; he ollowing able is added: he ollowing able is inse ed: O he , o a a con en , by weigh Kunk-inė is a i e . he ollowing able is inse ed: A abbi o some hing. ; I 's called Lapinsk-nė a . gdl: p d. A abbi o some hing. ; The Lãsa -inė p . O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel The Lasa à; The Lasa ič-inė i e M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. he ollowing able is added: O he , o a a con en , by weigh V: by he way. *Leibys o o he s, plg. by he way. And eæ Leybus (1685-1731), also known as This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. V: he p d. A lowe o some hing. ; M[…]liauck-in-d b. This is he name o he i e . M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. Millie o some hing. ; Fo he pu poses o his Regula ion, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply: kz : he p d. The Mu aška; O he , o a a con en , by weigh (See also he box "Wha Does he Bible Really Teach?") o which: The window, he window (snP Vii 40); This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Ld n: a d. *Palčakas o he like, plg. lenk. o which: O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e : The Pap ock-[…]nė p . English: p d. A oo hb ush o some hing. ; D . M j, Pe ušk-nė, also known as Pe ušk-inė.
This is P d. Pe uškà, o me Minis e o Fo eign A ai s Pape and pape boa d
gdl: p d. The suppo ; Raduš-nė i e M . P esiden , I would like o hank he
a pan.; Senk-nė a . M j: p d. Señkus; Speč-inė p . kz : a d. *Spe čius a pan.,
Commissione o his eply. The Radus; Radz il-[…]nė p. . ( o me ly known as
Radz il-[…]nė) O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel he ci y o
Radz ila; I 's called Ru kausk. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel
Ru káuskas plg. p d. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . Speaking; S o koj-na p. . is
Tad-nė p . M j: . Tãdas, plg. p d. Tadáuskas; Vizba -nė (‖ Vizba pie ė) p . igl:
he name o he company. *S o kojis o o he , plg. lie. The big one, he big one, he big one, he big one. A cage is one o he pai ed pa s o he body h ough which a pe son o o he c ea u e walks. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion: This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I 's called a "smoo hie". he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. o which: A ase o some hing. ; Yellowish-whi e p . he ollowing able is added: G een o o he . ; This is D . Ži k-nė.
M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I should like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I:
ALL_62_63_make as.indd 102 2011.06.17 08:24:04
Ma ijampolės apsk i ies asmen a dinės
kilmės ag onimų da ybos b uožai
103 a icles by a icle
I 's called he Ab om-Nine. The Ab õmas; Alabu d-ynė d . V : p d. is loca ed in he
Alabù da; Aleksai -ỹnė a . kz : p d. Aleksái is; Ališausk-ỹnė p . ss: p d. Ališáuskas
dis ic o Alabu d. o ice e sa. ; And iulai -ỹnė d b. Wha a e you doing? See also
Ld n: p d. O he , o a a con en , by weigh And iuš-ỹnė ([…] Bačỹnė) also known as
And iuš-ỹnė ([…] Bačỹnė) kz : he p d. And ius, wha a e you doing? I 's called
An an-Nike. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in
(‖ And iušỹnė) a ., p . kz : p d. Bačỹs; Bal ai -ỹnė d b. ž. kz : p d. Bal ái is;
acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed
ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. kz : he illage o An ãnas; This
Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s
publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. A chicken o some hing. ;
I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. o which: p d. O he , o a a con en , by
weigh The name o he coun y is Babijon-Niyne. O he , o a a con en , by weigh
Bace ič-ỹnė o he ollowing able is added: F esh o chilled Bač-ỹnė Bal ukon-ỹnė
a ., also known as Bač-ỹnė Bal ukon-ỹnė M . P esiden , I would like o hank he
Commissione o his eply. O he , o a a con en , by weigh I 's called he
Baluk-ỹnė d . ss: a d. *Baluk o o he s, plg. p d. he ollowing able is added:
Ba isausk-ynė i e o which: kz : he p d. F esh o chilled Ba kausk-ynė p. . ( o me ly known as Ba kausk-ynė) he ollowing able is added: Ba codes and he like. ; The Ba ušk-ỹnė p. . is loca ed in he dis ic o Ba ušk-ỹnė. he ollowing able is inse ed: Ba uška; and Baumon-ynė l. ss. is he p d. F esh o chilled, ozen I 's called Bazil-Nine. KZR, p . he ollowing able is inse ed: F esh o chilled The Belick-Nyen D . ss: p d. is loca ed a : Belch; and Bubel-ynė p. . (also known as Bubel-ynė) o which: p d. The bu alo; Bùčai -ynė d . ss: p d. is loca ed in he dis ic o Bùčai -ynė. he buckwhea ; This is Bučinsk-ỹnė d b. M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. A bouque o lowe s o some hing. ; The ca . (See also oo no e.) o which: Ca is (SnP ii 13) and i s ibu a ies This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. o which: p d. A squi el o some hing. ; Damansk-Nyan p. . is he name o he company. he ollowing able is added: Damansk o he like. ; I 's called Degu -Nyen. kz : he p d. Bu ning, please. I 's bu ning, i 's bu ning, i 's bu ning wi h i e, i 's bu ning wi h i e. This is D . Dem binsk-ỹnė. o which: p d. o a kind used in he manu ac u e o goods o Chap e 87 This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. kz : he p d. A iend; I 's called he Do yd-Yne. This is A d. The Dõ ydas; D . Dubček-ynė, who is a doc o . o which: p d. Dubček o he like. ; This is Fe enc-ỹnė p .
he ollowing able is added: F ench o o he wise. ; This is F ank--Nice. kz : he p d.
F ank o some hing. ; D . Ga kausk-Niyne, also known as D . Ga kausk-Niyne, also
known as D . Ga kausk-Niyne, also known as D . Ga kausk-Niyne, also known as D .
Ga kausk-Niyne. O he , o a a con en , by weigh The ailway engine p . he
ollowing able is added: O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o i on o s eel D .
Gi ai -ỹnė, p.s. I'm no su e wha you mean. M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I
should like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . he
ollowing able is inse ed: G ažul-ỹnė p. . ( o me ly known as G ažul-ỹnė) he
Ju g-ỹnė d b. ž. kz : . Jù gis; Jū -ỹnė d ., p . igl: p d. J as; Ju gele ič-ỹnė d b.
ž. Lb : p d. Ju gelẽ ičius; Ju gel-ỹnė d . M j: p d. Jugelis a pan.; Ju kš-ỹnė d .
ollowing able is added: The beau y; The doc o o he G ig-ỹnė SS: a d. O he , o
ci cula c oss-sec ion The G in-Nice p . M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I should
like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . The G nius;
Kons an -ynė d b. ž. kz : a d. Kons an nas; K ie kausk-ynė a . kz : p d. K ie -
káus kas a pan.; Lazausk-ynė a . Šil: p d. Lazáuskas; Leib-ỹnė d . ss: a d. *Leibys
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s
Lis apẽdskas; Mač-ỹnė d . ss, d b. ž. kz : p d. Mačỹs; Ma uk-ynė d b. ž., p . kz :
publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. English: p d. O he , o a a
con en , by weigh I 's called he Gu ausk-ynė d b. he ollowing able is inse ed: A
goa o some hing. ; I 's called he Jakai -ỹnė l. Lb : p d. O he , o a a con en , by
weigh This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o
i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. F esh o chilled D . Janulai -ỹnė. She was bo n in he Uni ed S a es. M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. he ollowing able is added: Janu -ỹnė l. ss: p d. is he name o he i e . The Janus; Jãsai - -ynė d . ss: p d. I'm no su e wha you mean. O he , o a a con en , by weigh I 's called Jaudeg-ỹnė. M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I should like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . O he , o a hickness o This is D . M j. F esh o chilled, ozen Yes, please. o which: p d. F esh o chilled, ozen This is D . Jon-kai ỹnė Ld n: p d. he ollowing able is inse ed: o which: p d. A joke o some hing. ; Jusel-Nyan is a d b. M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. F esh o chilled D . Juškynė igl: p d. He is a membe o he Russian Academy o Sciences. The juice; The Kačion-ỹnė p . o which: p d. A ca o some hing. ; Kaspa ai -ynė is a i e . he ollowing able is inse ed: he ollowing able is inse ed: I 's called Kazl-Nine. kz : he p d. Cinnamon and cinnamon- ee lowe s Ke u -Nyen, o , as he case may be, D . Kz . O he , o a hickness o o o he , plg. a d. And eæ Leybus (1685-1731), also known as Lis ed ci y kz : he p d. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: The Ma ùkas; Mauš-ỹnė l. Ld n, p. . This is a lis o people who ha e been awa ded he Nobel P ize in Physiology o Medicine. M . Chai man o he Boa d o Di ec o s. Wojciech Maus 1662 was bo n in Wojciech. I 's a small hing. See also p d. small; The Meje -ynė slope. V: he p d. The mayo o he gen leman. ; This is Mendel-ỹnė p . English: p d. The Meñdelis; This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. he ollowing able is added: Migáuskas o he like. ; Miliausk-Nike (also known as Miliauc kỹ nė) d b. M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. Miliáuskas o ALL_62_63_make as.indd 103 2011.06.17 a 8:24:05 The ollowing is an exce p om he epo :
104 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXII[…]LXIII pan. This Regula ion shall en e in o
daLia sVide skienė
o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial
Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. ; I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no
su e wha you' e alking abou . small; Mokol-Nyan d b. Wha a e you doing? M .
P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. A cow o
some hing. ; The mo i e-d i en d b. he ollowing able is added: This is Na ik-ynė
p . This is P d. he ollowing able is added: I 's no a d b. See also p d. No less han € 5 This is a lis o ai po s in Es onia, so ed by loca ion. M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I should like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . The owl is lying. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . This is D . Ol-Niyen. M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I should like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils The Pilyp-Nine p . cl : he a d. O he , o a a con en , by weigh I 's called he Plēčkai -ynė d b. M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply.
O he , o a a con en , by weigh Rapuk-ynė p. . is he name o he i e . I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. Daniel Rapukien was bo n in 1678.
(whispe ing) Red-eyed p . he ollowing able is added: Red o some hing. ; This is
Raul-ỹnė d b. o which: KZR, please. M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I should
like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . F esh o
chilled The illage o Ražansk-ynė, p. This is P d. F esh o chilled Rubinsk-ỹnė D . V :
p d. He is a membe o he Russian Academy o Sciences. Rubens o some hing. ;
Rupeik-Nyan d b. Wha a e you doing? he ollowing able is inse ed: A
handke chie o some hing. ; Rūšk-ynė is a d b. o which: kz : he p d. F esh o
chilled Ru kausk-ynė is a i e . o which: kz : he p d. A a lesnake o some hing.
; I 's called Senk-ynė d b. o which: kz : he p d. Signs This Decision shall en e in o
o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he
Eu opean Union. M Sil es as o he like. ; The skin-nickel is d ibbling. M .
P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. Skinkis, also known
as skinkis; I 's called Skuč-ỹnė d b. o which: kz : he p d. Skulls o some hing. ; I 's
called a smile. kz : he p d. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel
Smalensk-Nyan d b. (English p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Swedish ele ision
se ies. M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. F esh
o chilled This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s
publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. O he , o ci cula
c oss-sec ion: This is he case in he case o he Uni ed Kingdom. o which: p d. he ollowing pa ag aph is added: I 's called a shell ish. he ollowing able is added: shi o some hing. ; This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. kz : a d. *sme kys o he like, plg. lenk. o which: This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I is also known as he "Sna sk-ỹnė" o "Sna sk-ỹnė". kz : he p d. o a kind used in mo o ehicles This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. kz : he p d. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o i on o s eel D . Šil om Šumausk-ynė: I 's a sh ub o some hing. ; Tamoš-Nikė l. M j: A d. He was bo n in Tamoš-Nikė. F esh o chilled This is D . Tapu -Nyan. o which: p d. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o i on o s eel I 's called a awle . kz : he p d. F esh o chilled Ulčinsk-ỹnė d . ss: p d. is loca ed in he dis ic o Ulčinsk-ỹnė. A s ee o some hing. ; The doc o o he Vai ke ič-ỹnė SS: p d. O he , o a a con en , by weigh This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. English: p d. Vasilius o some hing. ; I 's called he G ea -G andmo he 's D . Igl. La ge Membe o he Boa d o Di ec o s o he Eu opean Cen al Bank O he , o a a con en , by weigh Vi bick-Nyan d b. Wha a e you doing? M . P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. O he , o a a con en , by weigh Fo me Minis e o Fo eign A ai s o he Czech Republic Whispe ing o some hing. ; Zelik-ynė o p. . I 's called Zelikis o some hing. o which: Zelik (snP X 476), also plg. a d. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Zeb ask-ỹnė d . ss: Zeb ask o he like. ;
- he name: Bazil-[…]nis d . ss: a d. F esh o chilled - I know. I know. I know. gdl: he
a d. The Ab õmas; Adm-sc eening p . Ld n: he a d. The Adamas; The Aino -Ishkes
p . P onuncia ion o The Ainõ is; I 's called he Akl-Iskene P . Ld n: he p d. The
ž. kl : p d. Aksónas; Aleksyn-iškė a . Šil: p d. Aleksnas; Ančiõ -iškės p . Ld n:
a d. *Ančio is a pan., plg. p d. Jančio a, lenk. p d. Ancza (snP i 44); An džión-
-iškė p . Ld n: a d. *Andžionis, plg. a d. Ch is opho us Andzionis 1679 (iak);
Apa kin-iškė a . Šil: a d. *Apa kinis a pan., plg. us. p d. Апаткин (sa i 370);
eye; The axon-shaped d b. Ap aim-iskė p . Wha is he name o he i e ? This is a
lis o ai po s in Es onia, so ed by loca ion. Eph aim (also known as 322); I'm no
going o lie o you. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Ma hias A. Minskas (1685-1731), also known as Ma hias A. Minskas D . M j: Wha a e
you alking abou ? ♪ Oh, my God, oh, my God ♪ I 's called Ausen-Icke. o which: p d.
*Ba bėnas, plg. . Babė; Bá el-iškė d b. ž. kl : p d. Bá elis; Bau -iškė p . kl :
F esh o chilled I 's called Bagdõn-iskė. he ollowing able is added: The Bagdõns; Bagdž-škė p . (English p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Tu kish ele ision se ies. he ollowing able is inse ed: Bags o some hing. ; I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. he ollowing able is added: Whale This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. he ollowing able is added: Fea o some hing. ; I 's called Bal ok. This is P d. O he , o a a con en , by weigh I 's called Bal ái . K sn: he p d. O he , o a a con en , by weigh The ba beque-shaped d b. M P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. ALL_62_63_make as.indd 104 2011.06.17 a 8:24:05 The ollowing is an exce p om he epo :
Ma ijampolės apsk i ies asmen a dinės
kilmės ag onimų da ybos b uožai
105 a icles o he Cou o Audi o s. * Bau us o o he s, pl. o he Cou o
Audi o s. Ca ha ine Bau ucia (1691-1672) was bo n in I aly. I 's going o ain. This is
P d. F esh o chilled This is D . Belgi d. O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he
d y ma e The company's d ., d b. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no
su e wha you' e alking abou . Ma inus Benda is (1652-1672) was bo n in Vienna.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in
he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o
s ainless s eel he ollowing able is inse ed: Benedik -Iskene gn. Wha a e you
doing? This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s
publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This is Be gel-Icke. he
ollowing able is added: Begelis and he like. ; The B- -k is p . gdl: p d. B[…] is; and
D . Beno -iskė: p d. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . No no e o any hing. ;
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion.
gdl: p d. he ollowing able is added: The Bgel-skė p . cl , p , and sklp. Ld n: he
p d. O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils Bilbõk-iškė p. . ( o me ly
known as Bilbõk-iškė) English: p d. O he , o a a con en , by weigh Biž-škė p. .
(Spanish p onuncia ion) Ld n: he p d. F esh o chilled, ozen D . Blionc, please.
*Blioncius o o he s, plg. (?) p d. he ollowing able is added: Bòbin-iškė a ., p. .
This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o a e o he wise closely
associa ed wi h Bòbin-iškė a . he ollowing able is added: I 's ei he ha o
ha . ; This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha
o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. gdl, p . he
ollowing able is added: O he , o a a con en , by weigh B až-iškė p . (English
Iman (siP 178); Ind-iškė p . kz : p d. Ìnda; I oš-iškė p . kl : a d. *I ošius a
pan., plg. p d. I oškà; Jùc-iškė p . kl : p d. Jùcius a pan.; Jakučion-iškė sklp.
p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Swedish ele ision se ies. (See also he box "Wha
Does he Bible Really Teach?") Nicholas o B aban (1604-1604) and I 's called he
B auk-Ske D . Kl : p d. B aukỹs o he like. ; B l-skė p . (English p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Swedish ele ision se ies. English: p d. F esh o chilled I 's called he Bukaun-isk. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . The bookkeepe o he o he . ; I 's called Bulo -Ikses. he ollowing able is inse ed: A ball o some hing. ; I 's called Buñk-iškė p . he ollowing able is added: Bunkis o some hing. ; This is a e y impo an poin . K sn: he p d. The Czech Republic; I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. he ollowing able is added: The Dapkin; Think abou i . Ld n: he p d. he Denkẽ ičius; I 's called he D-ball. Lb : a d. *Didbalis, plg. p d. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. Dishwashe Dmš-iškė p . (English p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Tu kish ele ision se ies. Ld n: he p d. The Commission shall be assis ed by a commi ee composed o ep esen a i es o he Membe S a es. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. gdl: p d. O a hickness no exceeding 0,2 mm I 's he end o he wo ld. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel The Gaum; I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. he ollowing able is added: The cal ; I 's all igh . I 's all igh . he ollowing able is added: […] The a en; I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. o which: p d. Gold o o he . ; The G eek language I 's called he G ig-Sky. o which: a d. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion D . Shil, please. P onuncia ion o The G igónis; I 's called a g ub. Ld n: a d. *G ūbis o o he , plg. (?) p d. G ubis and G ubis; I 's called Gu e ič-škė. K sn: he p d. O he , o a a con en , by weigh I'm no su e wha you mean. P onuncia ion o O he , o a a con en , by weigh Yl-shaped p . P onuncia ion o O he , o a a con en , by weigh I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. V: by he way. P onuncia ion o The Yakuchiónis; This is Jenkel. K sn: he p d. O he , o a hickness I 's called Kačiul-iškė. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel O he , o a a con en , by weigh I 's called Kald-iskė. Ld n: he p d. Ch is mas; This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Lb : a d. *Kamenčius o o he s, plg. (?) Polish o which: O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e : The King-Child o he P.V. he ollowing able is added:
Ka ãlius; Kã a -iškė d ., p . M j: a d. *Ka a is, plg. a d. S anisław Ka a unes 1638
(iak); Ka aliauč-iškė (< *Ka aliauciškė < *Ka aliauckiškė < *Ka aliauskiškė) p .
Ld n: he p d. Ca alie o o he wise. ; This is Kazel-Iskena p . he ollowing able
is inse ed: F esh o chilled, ozen I 's called he Kazlauch-Sky, o he
Kazlauch-Sky. V: he p d. I 's called a Kazlaukas o some hing. ; M P esiden ,
ladies and gen lemen, I should like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on
his excellen epo . Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha
o he p oduc . I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. he ollowing able is
added: F esh o chilled I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. he ollowing
able is added: O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o i on o s eel Kubelč-iškė
(Kubelč-škė) o Kubelč-škė (Kubelč-škė) is a illage and municipali y in he dis ic
o Kubelč. gdl: p d. A cup o some hing. ; Whe e's he p ? he ollowing able is
added: he ollowing able is added: This is D . Kuk-skaya, Ph.D. kz : he p d.
112 ac a Linguis ica
daLia sVide skienė
Li huanica LXII[…]LXIII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Low-p oduc i i y limb eins (10 […] ~2.5%), only one an e io ein is eco ded.
Cucumbe s and cucumbe s I 's going o be a good one. Ld n: he p d. The Labùlis;
This is D . V : p d. F esh o chilled Lank-[…]škė p . is he name o a illage in
Poland. he ollowing able is added: O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion Lã -iškė d . V : p d. Wha is he meaning o he name? La ian; I 's called he Lebed-Isk. P onuncia ion o The li e o some hing. ; I 's going o ain. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . The lemon; L-sc eened d b. See also: The lens; I 's he Li huanian language. Ld n: a d. *Lie u nis o o he , plg. p d. he Li huanian; Lipinskaya (Lipinskaya) is he name o a illage in he sou he n pa o he coun y. ALL_62_63_make as.indd 105 2011.06.17 08:24:05 Ra ely spoken g oups o ag onomes a e o med by welding (134 […] ~24%) 18 and welding (20 […] ~4%) me hods. A small numbe o ag onomes we e eco ded wi hou addi ional a ming ools (4 < < 0.7%).
2. Pe sons wi h disabili ies
PaVadiniMų kiLę ag oniMai
Ma ijampolė Coun y has 76 o hem (~10% o all place names selec ed o he s udy).
The names o he people who a e conside ed o ha e o igina ed om he names o
he people analyzed in his chap e a e: ag onome, c a , occupa ion, appea ance,
cha ac e is ics, o igin (e hnici y)19 and so on. This is how he subsec ions a e
a anged. In e ms o p oduc ion, hese ag onomes a e di ided in o g oups:
p ima y, seconda y, compound and compound. The wedding ings a e a anged
acco ding o he p e ix abeced, he wedding ings […] acco ding o he second sand
abeced. he compound ag onomes o his g oup a e me ely ossils. All o hem ha e
a possessi e meaning: he speake in hem indica es he place's belonging o he
pe son, said by he appella i e (see sa ukynas 1963: 239). 2.1. om he names o he
appellan s, indica ing occupa ion, occupa ion, e c., de i ed om ag onyms
2.1.1. F esh o chilled ish, sal ed o in b ine
- I 's a doc o o some hing. This is a lie. he doc o , he doc o , he doc o , he
doc o . Dãk a as, Dak a is20; -iskė: G un ãk-iskė p . This is a lis o people who
we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h G un ãk. Lb […]
o Ge manic o igin, silen wi h oc. G een ock is a hun e -ga he e (C ys als
1992: 457) Cap ain o he boa . This is a lie. cap ain ‚ mili a y ank; an o ice o
ha ank.
2.1.2. Ag icul u al e ilise s and e ilise s:
-ball-: The dance o he ball. Ld n […] is mos likely ela ed o lenk. The Bible does no
say ha God's name is o be aken li e ally, bu i does say ha i is o be used. S ielč-ia-balė p. . ( o me ly known as S ielč-ia-balė) This is a lie.
he a bo is ; I 's he eggs.
18 on he sou ce o o igin o he seconda y sands, hei p oduc i i y and so on. 19 o he e m see gai enis,
keinys (1990: 60, 208). 20 In his and o he cases, he su names o med om he names o he pe sons
conce ned in he appeal a e used o compa ison. Acco ding o LPŽ, hey a e no widesp ead in he a ea unde
in es iga ion, bu hey do unc ion in ou a ea. ALL_62_63_make as.indd 112 2011.06.17 a 8:24:06 The ollowing is an
exce p om he epo :

Ma ijampolės apsk i ies asmen a dinės
kilmės ag onimų da ybos b uožai
113 a icles by a icle
2.2. o he names o he pe sons appealed agains , all he names o he places
iš aizdos, būdo b uožus a pan., kilę ag onimai
insc ibed […] he names o he wi nesses: - This is he Šmàkš-inė p . This is a
lie. he smell o he "plepys, a škalas"; - he daugh e : Kibyz-ỹnė p . M . Lie,
please. A kibyza is a woodsman, a all man; he s yle; - I 's called Google. This is
a lie. a googlĩs wi h a long ail; The Mu mul-Iskene p . This is a lie. mu mu ing
‘while mu mu ing, in an unclea language, plg. p d. I 's called a mu mu . 2.3.
om he names o he pe sons appealed agains , descending om e hnic
g oups o he like, descending om ag onomy
2.3.1. The i s ag onomis w o e one: Cigankà p . English: lie. he gypsy
I 's called "chigon".
2.3.2. F esh o chilled ish, sal ed o in b ine
- This is D . Dzūk-nė. dzkas, - he ep esen a i e o he ėdzūkų a mės; The
P ussian p . he ollowing pa ag aph is added: b eas , -ė21; b eas , -ė21; b eas ,
-ė21; b eas , -ė21; b eas , -ė21; b eas , -ė21 See also Ld n: lie. Tu k, - he man o he
Tu kic people, plg. p d. The Tukas; I 's called he "A -A -A -A ". KZR, LBV, and Sklp.
Ld n: o lie. he wo d, -ė; - he animal: he animal p . he ollowing pa ag aph is
added: I is also known as he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle". he wo d, -ė; - I 's called Moze -I 's called D . P n: lie. I 's called a mozza ella. I 's called a mozza ella. F esh o chilled I 's called a spide . he ollowing pa ag aph is added: D . Gdl: I'm going o lie down. I 's a wo d.
2.3.3. Ag icul u al e ilise s and e ilise s:
- he Cigõn-balles gn. I 's a lie. he swan, -ė; Maskõl-balė p . (English
p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Polish ele ision se ies. I'm no going o lie o you.
The mask, he mask, he mask. Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading,
excep ha o he p oduc . I 's called he Moz -balle . he ollowing
pa ag aph is added: I 's called a mozza ella. I 's called a mozza ella. F esh o
chilled F ench balle p. . Lb , M j: lie. Wha a e you doing? F ench, -ė; The P ussian balle . The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. b eas , -ė; The ballad o 2 p.m. he ollowing able is added: K sn, Lb : lie. Wha a e you doing? he wo d, -ė; I 's called a "da jeel". gdl, Šil; I 's called a gypsy. I 's called a gypsy. he ollowing able is added: D . Zyd-a-Da jis, p.s. I'm going o ake a look a his. he ollowing able is added: he wo d, -ė;
- The moun ain: he moun ain o Maskõl. This is a lie. The mask, he mask, he mask. o which: Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc .
The F ench moun ain d . kz : lie. F ench, -ė;
- cap ain: F ench-cap ain's l. M j: lie. F ench, -ė;
- I'm no going o lie o you. he wo d, -ė;
21 in o de o a oid epe i ions o he equen ly used appella i e names o pe sons, gypsies, -ė ‘chigons -ė
au ybės žmogusʻ, maskõlis, maskõlius ‚ usasʻ, moz as, -ė ‚mozū ų e ninės g upės žmogusʻ, p anczas,
‘F ench people's man, p sas, -ė was an inhabi an o eas e n P ussia, a esiden o he Klaipėda egion, a
ocalis ; The meanings o "Lu he " and "Jew" - " he man o Jewish na ionali y" - a e no gi en in he
ollowing a icle (see 2.3). ALL_62_63_make as.indd 113 2011.06.17 a 8:24:06 The ollowing is an exce p om he epo :
114 ac a Linguis ica
daLia sVide skienė
Li huanica LXII[…]LXIII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
- Polish: Žỹd-lankė p . M . Lie, please. he wo d, -ė; - Wai , wai , wai , wai . Wha
a e you doing? I 's a lie. he wo d, -ė; - Rais -: Cigon- ais is p . Wha a e you
-pie -: Cigõn-pie ė 2 p . b b: lie. cigõnas, -ė; Maskõl-pie ė p . Lb : lie. mas-
kõlis, maskõlius, plg. p d. Maskõlis; Žỹd-pie ė 2 d . igl, 3 p . kl , p . Lb , 2 p .
Ld n, p . M j, Šil, V ; Žỹd-pie ės p . Lb : lie. žỹdas, -ė;
doing? This is a lie. he swan, -ė; The Jewish people. he ollowing pa ag aph is
added: he wo d, -ė; - e : Zydd- e is a newspape . o which: I 's a lie. I 's a wo d.
už ašy as ienas sudu inis pie os a das, ku io an asis sandas – upės a das
M j o he illage (LueV 163): Žỹd-šešupė p . M . Lie, please. I 's a wo d. 2.3.4.
Compound kilmining a ms: F ench Cape. c […]zas, […]p ė and he g a e[…]; I 's he
doc o 's o ice. I 's a wo d, and i 's a lie. The ma sh is a we land.
2.4. om o he appellan s
pa adinimų kilę ag onimai
2.4.1. Bób-iškis p . (English: Bób-iškis p .) is he name o a species o bi d in he genus
P iesagos. M . Lie, please. an elde ly woman; he old woman, he old woman, he old
woman, he old woman, he old woman; I 's called Ubag-isk. This is a lie. I 's called an
"elge a". 2.4.2. one compound ag onomy o his subg oup is w i en: - he song: Meg-a- he
song p . M . Lie, please. an elde ly widowed woman, a gi l; The a me , he maid, he maid,
he maid, he maid. 2.4.3. compound kilmining ag onomes: Diédo ugien[…]lė d . ss, Diédo ský
nimas d ., p . This is he name o he ag onome. P n […] i s coa s o mail. he
g and a he o he a he o he g and a he o he mo he ; The old man, he old man,
he second piece o clo h: he old man's clo hes. The ield, whe e he ye g ew, is he
skin om he ly e. skinned, cu o o es a ea; The child en's play will be in he
a e noon. he ollowing pa ag aph is added: A lady is a p i ileged pe son. he ich man,
he landlo d, he landlo d; he owne ; who doesn' wo k physically, he manage . he
s udy showed ha ag onyms de i ed om he names o appellan s a e mos commonly
made by combining (48 < < < 63%). In his sec ion, he i s h ee o he compound
ag onomic names a e in all cases appeal names o pe sons, he second ou a e mos
o en opog aphical e ms (balà, dažas, kálnas, kãpinės, lankà, laũkas, pe a, as as),
o he h ee a e names o objec s ela ed o he human en i onmen o he like
(ka g ei sie inas ka i, kã ia, ko i, ko i, ne i, on a s ing o on a leg and hen on a
ope).
klis, g io a, daubaʻ). P oduk y iausi dū iniai su leksema balà i pe a an ajame
sande (15 i 16 – po ~31%).
The e a e ewe Vedas in his g oup o ag onomis s (21 […] ~28%), in his a ea hey
a e all made wi h addi i es. P oduc i i y-enhancing p ope ies pe o ming he
unc ion ALL_62_63_make as.indd 114 2011.06.17 08:24:06 e en less ag onomous is o med
Ma ijampolės apsk i ies asmen a dinės
kilmės ag onimų da ybos b uožai
115 a icles in scien i ic
p iesagos -inė(s), -iškė, -iškis (8 – ~38%; 7 – ~33%; 2 – ~9%;); p iesagos -ynė
jou nals w i en 4 […] ~19%
by addi ion (6 < < 28%). All w i en compound place names a e su names. one p ima y
ag onomis has been eco ded. he names o he pe sons appealed agains a e no
longe alid o he ag icul u al holdings o he a ea unde in es iga ion, and he
names o he pe sons appealed agains a e no longe alid o he ag icul u al
holdings o he a ea unde appeal. In Ma ijampolė coun y, he e a e 100 o hem
3 . gaLiMos dVejoPos kiLMės ag oniMai
(~14% o all place names selec ed o he s udy).
These ag onyms may be associa ed ei he wi h a pe sonal name o med om he
appellan 's name o wi h he appellan 's name. Since bo h possibili ies o o igin a e
equally likely, can be o equal alue, hey a e also p o ided side by side by
dis inguishing one om he o he by a con ac ual sign, indica ing o he o he side
ha i can be de i ed om. The choice o ma k was p ecisely due o he desi e o
a oid he e y common use o his wo d combina ion in he a icle.
In he case o a pe son o en i y whose su name is de i ed om a pe son's i s name
o su name, he au ho gi es p e e ence o he op ion o appealing he o igin, which in
mos cases p o ides he i s op ion. In de e mining he base wo d (e imon), much
a en ion is paid o he a ea sp ead o bo h he appella i e pe sonal name and he
pe sonal name, om which he ag onomy o he Ma ijampolė dis ic could be de i ed.
da a on he p e alence o appella i e pe sonal names, as, by he way, o he common
wo ds (appella i es) ound in he Li huanian ocabula y. As al eady men ioned, he
elec onic edi ion o his sou ce is also used i necessa y. da a on he p e alence o
Li huanian su names a e sough by LPŽ. Howe e , he sou ces men ioned a e no
su icien o explain he o igin o he oponyms o his sec ion. In 20 cases (~20%) he
his o ical pe sonal name ile had o be used. The mos commonly econs uc ed basic
wo ds a e based on his o ical an h oponymic da a eco ded in he same a ea o nea by
loca ions, en e ed in o his ile om he lis s o inhabi an s belonging o many
pa ishes, he combined egis a ion books o Lankeliškio pa ishes (Vilka iškio .)22, he
egis a ion books o he pa ish c icke e s, he k osnos bažny inių, he in en o ies o
he Valkinų senio s and o he sou ces.
22 Fo a mo e de ailed desc ip ion o he sou ce, see This Decision
shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. ALL_62_63_make as.indd 115 2011.06.17 a 08:24:06 Wha is he meaning o he name Make as?
116 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIILXIII he compound ag onyms o his g oup a e
daLia sVide skienė
only pa en heses. They all ha e a special meaning. The i s le e o he i s name
da ybiniu aspek u ap a iamieji Ma ijampolės apsk i ies ag onimai ski iami į
g upes: pi minius, galūnės i p iesagų edinius, sudu inius i sudė inius. P iesagų
ediniai išdės omi pagal p iesagų abėcėlę, dū iniai – pagal an ųjų sandų abėcėlę.
is he su name o he p e ious owne o he place whe e hey a e ma ked, o he
su name in hem indica es he belonging o he place o he pe son e e ed o by
he appella i e (plg. sa ukynas 1963: 238, 239). 3.1. om pe sonal names o om he
names o appealing pe sons, indica ing occupa ion, occupa ion
a pan., kilę ag onimai
3.1.1. The ag onomic name o he p imi i e (plu alia an um o mae) is Pinčiùkai p . The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
čiukas, plg. a d. Symon Pinczuk 1777 (iak) / lie. pinčiùkas ‚sielių pluk dy ojasʻ.
3.1.2. P iesagų ediniai:
- This is K iauc-ina. The K iaučius, plg. o he a d. Adam K zychu (1604-1604) was bo n in
Poland. he seams ess; Launink-[…]nė p. . (also known as Launink-[…]nė) I'm no su e
wha you' e alking abou . Adam and E e in he yea 1625 (Yea o he Lion) he
shephe d, he shephe dess, he shephe dess; elde ly pe son; The old man's assis an .
- mo he : mo he -in-law p . o which: p d. Beñdo ius is lying. he beñdo ius is a kubilius;
I 's called he Dielinck-Yne d b. o which: kz : he p d. The dia y is lying. he ca pen e
is a ca pen e , a ca pen e , a ca pen e ; This is D . Ka il-Nyan. M P esiden , ladies
and gen lemen, I should like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen
epo . The ca is lying. boile ‘boile wo ke , epai e o selle ; I 's called he Kubil-ỹnė. kz : he p d. Kublius is lying. a wo ke o he kublius ‚kubilų; he selle o he cubi s; This is D . Lb , D . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . English: p d. The wo ds a e lying. wo ds ‘wood wagon pa s, wheel wo ke ; This is D . Teko -ynė. o which: p d. I 's a lie.
I 's called "wha goes a ound comes a ound".
I 's called he Dese nink-Ske ch. I 's called he Dese nink o wha e e .
Deschamps-en-Laye, 1678-1693 (also known as Deschamps-en-Laye) Lieu enan -Colonel,
senio o ice ; I 's called he Gelãž-iškė p . K sn: he p d. I 's called a gela in lie. he
gelãž, he geläž; Cal -shaped p . Lb : a d. *Kal is, plg. a d. This is he i s ime I' e
seen his. 1630 - Thomas he Younge a pe son who is engaged in he c a o
me alwo king; The ca -o'-nine- ails. he ollowing able is inse ed: The ca is lying.
boile ‘boile wo ke , epai e o selle ; I 's called he K ač-Škė. Lb : a d. *K aučius
o o he , plg. a d. Nicholas o Cusa, 1639 - he yea o his dea h. he ailo ; Kubil-škė
a , bo n Ld n, Kubil-škės p . K sn: he p d. Kublius is lying. a wo ke o he kublius
‚kubilų; he selle o he cubi s; I 's called he Kud -Ska D . P n: a d. *Kud ys, plg.
a d. Ba holomew Kud ya se ich (1835 - 1931) was bo n in O he , o ci cula
c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel decei ul, decei ul; I 's a was e, i 's a was e, i 's
no a was e. I 's a piece o cake. This is P d. Whe e's he cu y? The cook, he cook. I 's called Küme -İşke. he ollowing able is added: I 's been a while. he enan is an employee o he landlo d o buye , wo king o a la and emune a ion in kind; ALL_62_63_make as.indd 116 2011.06.17 a 8:24:06 The ollowing is an exce p om he epo :
Ma ijampolės apsk i ies asmen a dinės
kilmės ag onimų da ybos b uožai
117, he a icles o he ga dene , he ga dene , he ga dene , he ga dene , he
ga dene , he ga dene , he ga dene , he ga dene , he ga dene , he ga dene ,
he ga dene , he ga dene , he ga dene . I 's called Mélnyk. M P esiden , ladies
1675 (iak) / sie inas su lenk. młyna z ‚malūnininkasʻ (sjP ii 1013); Pakul-iškė
sklp. P n: p d. Pakùlis / lie. pakùlius, -ė ‚kas e čiasi pakulomis; kas susi ėlęs,
and gen lemen, I should like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his
excellen epo . I 's called Melnyk's lie. I 's called melnykas ‚malū ni nin kas ́; Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc . The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. And eas Mlyna has disappea ed, he's a ne wa ke . I 's called a pu pas y. Ld n: he p d. I 's called a "pudding". a po e 's wo ke ; The ibs a e exposed. he ollowing able is added: The ibs lie. he bounda y […] ish, ishe man[…];
The R-mo -skene p . *Rimo ius o o he s, plg. a d. Sebe[…] hian Ryma […] 1552 He was he son o a weal hy me chan .
(Laugh e ) mo ius ‘who sews he lace; The hi d is he second p . English: p d.
Wha 's he hi d hing? a hi d, - a ‘ assal who con ols a hi d pa o a alley; - I
is, - i is common: i is common. K sn: he p d. Beñdo ius is lying. he beñdo ius is a
kubilius; Kál -iskiai 2 p. . and o he Ld n: a d. *Kal is, plg. a d. Wha is he name o he
ci y? 1630 - Thomas he Younge a pe son who is engaged in he c a o
me alwo king; I 's called a "shu -up". M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I should like
o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . Wha he hell is
his? This is he son o Ba siu io. 3.1.3. ag icul u al p oduc s o a kind used in he
manu ac u e o oods u s o human consump ion: -bal-: Kažemk-a-balė p . The
K iauč-ia-balė p . kl : a d. *K iaučius, plg. a d. Adam K ewcius 1604 (iak) / lie.
Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle
26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o
his Regula ion. Pe y Kaczama ek (1691-1719) was bo n in Vienna. I say a wo ke o
he odes, a smi h, a smi h, a smi h; he seams ess; I 's called a ball oom. B ing i in.
Med isas (Zinke ičius 2008: 114) is a w i e . he bea , he hun e , he hun e ; The
ski-ball is p . he ollowing able is inse ed: The skies a e alling. a skie , a skie
alsčiaus ado aujan is
wo ke and a salesman; - he moun ain: he moun ain o Shal ysh. In he case o a Membe S a e, he Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Simon Szalczyk (1685-1731) was bo n in Vienna, Aus ia. cold-blooded illage elde s; - Wai , wai , wai , wai , wai , wai , wai , wai , wai , wai . I 's a lie. o ice , o ice , o ice
ʻ;
-ma g-: This is he Ma g. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no
su e wha you' e alking abou . 1678 - The dea h o Hélène. he
ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed:
Skedž-ia-pie ė p . (English p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Swedish ele ision se ies.
Ld n: a d. *Ske džius, plg. a d. This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his. Lau en ius o
Cilicia (c.1667 - c.1697) was a skedžis is he oldes shephe d, he he d o e see , he
ke džis; The hi d piece o he puzzle. he ollowing able is added: The hi d lie. a hi d-pa y […] s a e ha con ols a hi d-pa y land[…];
- ais -: Kál -ia- ais is ([…] Kã a ais is) also known as Kál -ia- ais is The Commission
shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o
supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his
Regula ion. 1630 - Thomas he Younge a pe son who wo ks as a me alwo ke . 3.1.4.
Compound kilminking ag onomes: The cal o he Ba nik. igl, Ba[…] inin is an old man.
ss […] i s pieces o p d. The p isone is lying. The woodcu e , he woodcu e ,
he woodcu e , he second piece o clo hing is old. he old 'old manu e ield'; I 's
called he Kál io Dažas D . M j. 1630 - Thomas he Younge a pe son who is engaged in he c a o me alwo king; The handw i ing o he p ies is p . V: he p d. The wo ds a e lying. ãčius ‘wo ke o wooden ca pa s, wheels; The ballad o Shinko . he ollowing able is added: The chickens a e lying down.
This is a small clinic.
ALL_62_63_make as.indd 117 2011.06.17 a 8:24:07 The ollowing is an exce p om he epo :

118
daLia sVide skienė
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXII–LXIII
3.2. om pe sonal names o om he names o
appealing pe sons, dis espec ul appea ance, cha ac e is ics
a pan., kilę ag onimai
3.2.1. The i s (plu alia an um o m) ag onym is Tupika, b b: p d. Tupic is lying.
"I 's all igh , i 's all igh , i 's all igh , i 's all igh ". Whoe e s ays in place, wo ks slowly, wo ks slowly.
3.2.2. F esh o chilled ish, sal ed o in b ine
- The blue one. Ld n, p . This is a lis o ai po s in Es onia, so ed by loca ion. V: he p d.
Blussius o he like. A blush ha has a lo o blushes; A small, weak, weak, poo man. This
is a p . English: p d. I'm going o lie down. "I'm going o kill you, I'm going o kill you, I'm going
o kill you". The black-headed d agon ly. o which: kz : he p d. The black one is lying.
black, -ė wi h a black op; he black back; I 's called a d b. The name o he species is
de i ed om he name o he genus in which i is ound. WALIEL ZWAYRIS 1610 (YAK) is
loca ed a : "The eyes o a glu on, he eyes o a glu on, he eyes o a glu on". - I know.
I know. I know. Bablius is lying. he bu e ly ‘s o ulis; The Czech Republic, p. K sn, l.
Ld n: p d. This is a lis o people by su name. I 's a lie. a woman who is hi s y; I 's called
Juodsnuk. I 's going o be black. The black sno , he black ace; no o be washed; D . Shil
om Kup . I 's a lie. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e
alking abou . Cucumbe s and cucumbe s Ld n: he p d. I 's a lie. - I'm no su e. he
emainde , - ‘he does no ecei e; he blind, he lame, he og; M[…]sl-skė p . (English
p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Swedish ele ision se ies. he ollowing able is added:
We' e going o lie down. A man who is unclean, a man who is unclean, a man who is unclean,
a man who is unclean, a man who is unclean. I didn' come up. o which: p d. I 's called a
nausea. A man who is sel -su icien , a man who is sel -su icien , a man who is
sel -su icien . Py ag-[…]škė p . (also known as Py ag-[…]škė) Ld n: he p d. I'm going o
lie down. he py agic ‘py agic lo e ; Šlub-škė D . Šil: a d. *šlubis o he like, plg. a d.
Jasius Szlubius (1637-1648) was bo n in Vienna. "Slubis" is a slang e m o a slum.
Ve ksn-[…]škės p . ( o me ly known as Ve ksn-[…]škės p .) he ollowing able is added:
I 's a wo k o ic ion. "Anyone who c ies all he ime o c ies a lo , c ies a lo ". The
yellow-eyed peacock. M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I should like o begin by
cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . Yellow o b own. old, - an elde ly
man, an old man; - I 's called Klp-i 's called d b. See also Klip-iškis p . This is A d. Klipà
p . k sn: a d. *Pampa a pan., plg. ok. a d. Pampe (go schald 1954: 458) / lie.
(zinke ičius 2008: 565) o he like. "Clips", he says, "is whe e he clips a e". I 's called a
Riõgl-iškis lg. V, he Riogl-Iskis p . The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed
ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed
ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Valen inus, who died in 1639, was a ioglỹs, -
-ža d-: Gab-a-ža dė p . igl: a d. *Gabas a pan., plg. a d. Michulis Gaba 1678–
[…] a pe son who is un uly, un uly, un uly, un uly; 3.2.3. ag icul u al p oduc s o a kind
used in he manu ac u e o oods u s o human consump ion: -bal- Bindõk-balė p . he ollowing able is added: Bindokas is lying down. I 's like, you know, i 's like, you know, i 's like, you know, i 's like, you know, i 's like, Dund-a-ball is p . he ollowing able is added: I 's a lie. I 's called a "pabalda, padauža". The ball- o-ball is hick, i 's swollen. S álg-ia-balė p. . ( o me ly known as S álg-ia-balė) K sn: he p d. I 's called a s allion's ail. "I'm no going o be able o do i ", he said. "I'm no going o be able o do i ". The S ung-a-ball is p . P n […] possibly om p d. I 's called "S un Song". A oolish man, a oolish man, a oolish man. - he song: Dumč-ia- he song p . M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I should like o begin by cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . The dumplings a e alling. I'm hinking abou hem, and I'm hinking abou hem. 1693 (i.e. be o e o a e ). A man who is p oud, a man who is p oud, a man who is p oud. ALL_62_63_make as.indd 118 2011.06.17 a 8:24:07 The ollowing is an exce p om he epo :
Ma ijampolės apsk i ies asmen a dinės
kilmės ag onimų da ybos b uožai
119s aipsniai / a icles
3 .3 . pe sonal names o appella ions o pe sons
who do no speak he language o e hnici y
a pan., kilę ag onimai
3.3.1. F esh o chilled ish, sal ed o in b ine
- This is Gud-[…]nė p . he ollowing pa ag aph is added: gùdas23 p d. is
loca ed a : Cinnamon and cinnamon- ee lowe s I 's called D . V : lie. Kazakh, -ė p d. o The Kazakh;
-ynė: Li huanian-bo n d . ss, d b. I don' know wha you' e alking abou .
Lie ù ininkas; Paliok-ỹnė d b. ž. M j: lie. paliõkas, -ė ‚lenkasʻ / p d. Paliõkas;
Li huanian, -ė lie u is, p d. - I know, I know. This is a lie. he p d. gùdas Cinnamon and cinnamon- ee lowe s I 's going o happen. This is a lie.
Kazakh, -ė p d. o I 's called Kazõkas.
3.3.2. Ag icul u al e ilise s and e ilise s:
- he ball: he Kazõk-ball. he ollowing pa ag aph is added: Kazakh, -ė p d. o
The Kazakh; -kaln-: Kazõ-kalnis (< *Kazõk-kalnis) d . ss: lie. This is he i s ime
I' e seen his. Kazakh, -ė p d. o The Kazakh; - he Bajõ -piece p . I 's a lie.
Baj as, he p d. o -ė. F esh o chilled, ozen Good-bye o you. he ollowing
pa ag aph is added: he p d. gùdas Cinnamon and cinnamon- ee lowe s Swedish l. gdl: p d. The ligh is on. Swedish […] Swedish people's man ( o me ly […] Swedish soldie ) […];
- Rais -: Bajõ -a- ais is p . This is he i s ime I' e seen his. Ld n: o lie.
Baj as, he p d. o -ė. F esh o chilled, ozen Gùd-a- ais is p . Wha is i ? he ollowing pa ag aph is added: he p d. gùdas I 's good.
3.3.3 Compound kilmining a ms: Gùdo skymines p . he ollowing pa ag aph is added:
Wha 's he ma e wi h you? God is lying. sknimai, plg. sknimas is a place whe e a
o es has been clea ed; The low-pi ched whis le. Ld n: o lie. a man om he land
o he lowlands. I 's a shame. 3.4. ag onyms de i ed om pe sonal names o om
he names o o he appellan s
3.4.1. he end o he essel: Bobin-ė p . he ollowing able is inse ed: Bòbina, Bòbinas24. Wha a e you
doing? 3.4.2. The ollowing de ini ions shall apply: P onuncia ion o I 's a lie. a sca ec ow ha sca es
child en, a sca ec ow; Ragan-[…]škis p. . also known as Ragan-[…]škis p. . Ld n: a d. *Raganis o he like,
plg. p d. Ragano ić is lying. A wi ch is a "neg o, a bad man". The meaning o he wo ds "Bal a ian"
23 siekian iš eng i pasika ojimų, dažnai a ojamų apelia y inių asmenų pa adinimų bajõ as, -ė ‚p i i-
legijuo as žemdi bys, pp . p i ilegijuo as idu inis d a ininkas; p i ilegijuo os kilmės žmogus, šlėk aʻ,
(some imes Polish o Russian) and "Kazakh", "Vals ie is", "Pa ia ch o he o me Done sk, Kuban,
Te ek, O enbu g and o he mili a y egions", is no speci ied in he a icle. 24 The ac ha he
place-name may be a p e ix -inė edinys om lie is no o be o e looked. an elde ly woman; e en less
sena mo e is, senėʻ, bõbė ‚boba, senė; žmona, pa i, bobaʻ.
ALL_62_63_make as.indd 119 2011.06.17 08:24:07
120 ac a Linguis ica
daLia sVide skienė
Li huanica LXII[…]LXIII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
3.4.3. ag icul u al p oduc s o a kind used in he manu ac u e o oods u s o human
consump ion: -bal-: Diẽd-balė p . (See also he box "Wha Does he Bible Really Teach?") Pe i
Diedis (1780-1740) was bo n in I aly. he g and a he o he a he o he g and a he o
he mo he ; The old man, he old man. - Rais -: Vaik-a- ais is p . Wha a e you doing? The
child o he o he , plg. a d. Anna Waikelicia was bo n in 1668. a child is he son o daugh e o
a a he . The s udy showed ha he mos p oduc i e in he g oup o possible wo-speed
ediniai (65 – 65%). absoliučią daugumą iš jų suda o p iesagų ediniai (64 – ~99%).
ag icul u al p oduc s a e he addi i es […] -iskė(s) (33 […] ~52%) and […] -ynė […] ~25%), he less
p oduc i e […] -inė […] (12 […] 5%) and […] -iskė (7 […] ~11%). The end o he ledge is ixed alone.
he non-speaking ag icul u al g oup o he p e ious ines. a less o en hese ag onomes
a e made by compos ing (26 < 26%). In his chap e , he i s syllables o he compound
ag onomic names discussed can be ei he om pe sonal names o med om he names o
appella e pe sons o om he names o appella e pe sons. seconda y […] mos commonly
(24 […] ~92%) physiog aphic, opog aphical e ms (balà, kálnas, laũkas, pe a, as as), o he (2
[…] ~8%) […] names o objec s ela ed o he human en i onmen o he like (má gas […]
žažemės ma as […] and […]disap a as gy uliams […]). The mos p oduc i e ducks a e he
leksema balà (11 […] ~42%), he p[…]e a and (6 […] ~23%) and he a[…]s as
(5 […] ~20%) in he second syllable.
spoken ag onyms a e o med by addi ion (7 […] 7%), all compound ag onyms […] pa en heses.
wi hou addi ional means o p oduc ion, wo ag onomes ha e been eco ded. I has
been obse ed ha simila pa e ns o c a ing me hods and ypes a e also
cha ac e is ic o he g oup o ag onyms ( om pe sonal p onouns) o clea o igin
discussed in he i s a icle. I could he e o e be assumed ha he basis o he
p oduc ion o he ag onomic p oduc s analysed in his g oup (possibly o wo o igins)
is mo e o en a pe sonal name han an appella i e pe sonal name. The s udy o he
pe sonal name-de i ed ag onomis s o he Ma ijampolė dis ic , w i en in he
in e wa pe iod om he li ing language, ends in able 2 (see annex). summa izing he
analysis o hese place names om he poin o iew o making, se e al conclusions can be d awn.
4. he ollowing pa ag aphs a e inse ed:
4.1. he analysis o he land use o he land selec ed o he s udy showed ha
he absolu e majo i y is made up o seconda y ag onomes wi h de i a i e
cha ac e is ics (~99%). Mo e han hal o hem a e ma ied couples (~64%). 21
p e ixes a e used in hei wo ks (including bo h geni i e and nume ical a ian s):
13 Li huanian (Bal ic) o igin -ai ė, -ėlis, -iena, -ienė, -ija, -inė(s), -inis, -ynė, -iškė(s), -iškis, -iškiai, -lė, -
(~97% isų p iesagų edinių), 8 sla iškos kilmės -anas, -auka, -a a, -a as, -čizna,
ALL_62_63_make as.indd 120 2011.06.17 08:24:07
Ma ijampolės apsk i ies asmen a dinės
kilmės ag onimų da ybos b uožai
121 a icles by a icle
-enk-, -k-, -o a (~3% o all p eposi ions o he Vedic). In e ms o p oduc i i y, he -iskė
and -ynė weddings s and ou he e, accoun ing o ~45% and ~31% o all weddings. The
ag onomy o he a ea unde s udy is mo e o en composed o wo mo e Li huanian
(Bal ic) p e ixes -inė(s) (~13%) and -iškis, -iškiai (~7%). This explains he mos
p oduc i e model o making p eposi ional ag onyms: pe sonal name, appella i e -isk- →
asmens pa adinimas i pan. + posesy inę unkciją a liekančios p iesagos -in-,
ag onym, deno ing possessi eness in ela ion o he oo wo d. Thus, he su ey
-ynė ediniai, pada y i iš asmen a džių, i iamame a eale žymi žmonių gy enamą-
sias a gy en as ie as.
showed ha Li huanian (Bal ic) p eposi ions p e ail in he ag onomic p ocess (~97%),
wi h Sla ic p eposi ions made up o li le (~3%). In second place, acco ding o he
analysis o he ac o ies, a e he ag icul u al a ms, which accoun o abou a
hi d o he a ms su eyed (~28%). eco ded a pa icula ly high numbe o du s wi h
leksem balà (~40%) and pe a (~27%) in an h opous boxes. This sugges s ha a one
ime hese place names ma ked objec s di ec ly by hei opog aphical e m. O e
ime and wi h changing landscapes, many we lands (in his case swamps) likely
acqui ed ano he objec i e s a us and became pa o he g oup o objec s unde
s udy ha name o he su ace objec s. Ag o-mining (~5%), non-li ing galle ies (~1.5%)
and p ima y ag o-mining (~1%) a e less cha ac e is ic o his a ea. 4.2 he majo i y
(625 […] ~86%) o he a ms in he Ma ijampolė dis ic a e o clea o igin. ~14% o he
po en ial ag onomes a e o bila e al o igin. In summa izing hei analysis in e ms o
p oduc ion and o igin, i was obse ed ha he p oduc ion ends o he las place
names a e close o he p oduc ion ends o he ag onomic g oup a ising om
pe sonal names han om he names o appella i e pe sons. So i 's sa e o assume
ha he i s name is p obably he mos common sou ce o hei o igins. 4.3.
Pe sonal names based on he basic wo ds (e imons) o he ag onomy o his a ea a e
ound no only in Li huanian an h oponymy sou ces, among which he his o ical
pe sonal name a chi e plays an impo an ole, bu also in Polish, in some cases in
Ge man pe sonal name sou ces. This con i ms he obse a ion o a ce ain laye o
Li huanian oponyms, indica ing a close connec ion be ween Li huanian (bal ) and
Polish (Sla ic) o e en Ge man onomies (see Maciejauskienė 2006: 234). polinkius, he
da a o he su ey will be used o de e mine he gene al o igin and p oduc ion ends
okie y a Ma ijampolės apsk i ies asmen a dinės kilmės ag onimų da ybos b uo-
žai. iš y us iš apelia y ų i ki ų ie o a džių kilusių šios g upės oponimų da ybos
o he ag onomic a ea. I is hoped ha his will help no only o cla i y he
peculia i ies o his class o place names, bu also o e eal some o he
cha ac e is ics o Ma ijampolė.
k i ies ie o a džių klasių (subklasių) panašumus bei ski umus.
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