Recent Lithuanian Terminology and Terminography Literature (1991—1992)

Volume 31 of “Questions of Lithuanian Linguistics” contains an annotated index listing terminology dictionaries published in Lithuania in 1985—1990. The index presented here is a continuation of that work. Material was collected from “The Chronicle of the Press” (1991), “Bibliographic News” (1992, Nos. 1—7), and library catalogues. Most of the dictionaries listed here were examined de visu. The annotation indicates the languages of each dictionary, its type (explanatory, translational, etc.), its size, the order in which terms are presented, whether the terms are marked for stress, whether the dictionary has been reviewed by the Terminology Department of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language (only those reviewed are indicated), and the dictionary’s intended purpose. In addition, this index includes other publications devoted to terminology issues and additions to the previous index.

A. Terminology Dictionaries

1991

English–Lithuanian MS-DOS Glossary/ Comp. by V. Valujavičius, M. Dvorkin. — V.: Spectrum Lithuania, 1991. — 39 p.

The English–Lithuanian glossary presents terms from the MS-DOS operating system, along with brief explanations. Words from which the abbreviations are formed are given in parentheses alongside them. Some terms are explained in greater detail, and their fields of use are specified. Terms are presented in alphabetical order. The glossary is unaccented. It contains many literal translations from English. It is intended for school students, independent learners, and those interested in personal computers.

Auštrevičius P., Pupkevičius D., Treigienė D. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Contemporary Economic Terms in Lithuanian–English—German—Russian/ Lithuanian Free Market Institute. — V.: Lietuvos komersantas, 1991. — 512 p.

This four-language dictionary presents about 2,500 economic terms covering all the main areas of economics. The English equivalent is given alongside each Lithuanian term, together with a definition of the term and, sometimes, a formula, graph, diagram, or table. At the end of the dictionary are English,

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indexes of German and Russian terms; abbreviations of economic organizations, associations, funds, and economic terms; data on the issuance of world currencies; the international standard classification of economic sectors; discount tables; a table of systems of measurement; and time zones by Greenwich. The dictionary is unaccented. Terms are arranged in alphabetical order. Each term is accompanied by indexes that can be used to find terms in the indexes at the end. The dictionary is intended for a wide range of practitioners and learners.

Tests, certification, accreditation: Lithuanian–English–French–German–Russian glossary of terms/ State Institute of Information Technologies. – V.: VITI, 1991. -- 19 p.

General classification of agricultural machinery and definitions of terms: Teaching aid for students of the Faculty of Agricultural Mechanization/ LŽŪA, Department of Agricultural and Land Reclamation Machinery; Comp. V. Gerulaitis. -- Noreikiškės (Kaunas district): LŽŪA, 1991. -- 10 p.

This publication surveys types of classification, specifies the requirements for defining a term, and presents a classification of agricultural machinery: types of machinery, the terms describing them, and their definitions. Terms are unaccented. This teaching aid was prepared on the basis of terminology standards, St. Keinyo’s booklet “The Alphabet of Terminology,” and the publication “Terminological Work.”

Library science and bibliography dictionary of terms: Fasc. 2. Document. Publication. Publishing/ Lithuanian National Martynas Mažvydas Library; Authors: A. Balsienė, N. Kolesinskienė; Editorial board: V. Bulavas (editor-in-chief) et al. – V.: LNB, 1991. – 158 p.

The dictionary is explanatory and bilingual, providing Russian, English, and German equivalents for Lithuanian terms. It contains 561 numbered terms relating to publishing and related fields. Terms and their explanations are presented in a single alphabetical sequence. It includes a systematic index of Lithuanian terms and alphabetical indexes of Russian, English, and German terms, as well as a list of works cited at the end. Lithuanian terms are accent-marked. The dictionary’s special editor is St. Keinys. It is intended for librarians, publishers, and humanities students.

Ekonomikos teorijos žodynas/ Sud. J. Bagdonavičius. – V.: VU I-kla, 1991. – 48 p.

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This dictionary is explanatory. It presents economic terms, their definitions and, sometimes, more extensive explanations. Terms are arranged alphabetically. The dictionary is unaccented. It includes nonstandard terms. Its intended purpose is not stated.

Juškevičius A., Sūdžius V. Marketing handbook: Key concepts/ VU. – V.: VU l-kla, 1991. – 44, [2] p.

This explanatory dictionary presents key market terms and their definitions, covering business planning, organization, management, and control. Particular attention is devoted to marketing, commodity exchanges, and assortment. Terms are grouped into sections and arranged alphabetically within each section. The dictionary is unaccented. It contains many literal calques and language errors. The introduction includes statements that are unacceptable from the standpoint of terminological standardization. Its intended purpose is not stated.

Systems of design documentation and documents of the state standardization system: Russian–Lithuanian glossary of terms/ Scientific Research Institute of Computing and Informatics. – V.: STIMTI, 1991. – 16 p.

This bilingual translation glossary presents document titles from the system of design documentation and the standards of the state standardization system. Terms are arranged alphabetically and are unaccented. An effort was made to provide Lithuanian equivalents for international terms. International words are written in parentheses after the Lithuanian term. It is intended for production designers.

Basketball: Explanatory dictionary/ Republican Sports Informatics Center. Basketball Federation of the Republic of Lithuania; Author: St. Stonkus. – V., 1991. – 56 p.

Single-word terms in the dictionary are arranged alphabetically, while compounds are grouped into nests; the terms are explained. Some explanations are encyclopedic in nature. Russian and English equivalents are given after the explanations. Terms are unaccented. The dictionary is intended for basketball players, coaches, teachers, journalists, and basketball enthusiasts.

Medical encyclopedia/ Editorial board: V. Grabauskas (chair) et al. -- V.: State Encyclopedia Publishing House, 1991. – Vol. 1. A–M. – 544 p.

The first volume of the encyclopedia contains 2,100 articles arranged alphabetically,

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part includes illustrations. It provides a broad introduction to the structure of the human body, diseases, their causes and symptoms, and the care of patients; describes commonly used medicines and medicinal plants, as well as the most popular sports; and devotes considerable attention to psychology, genetics, and sexology. Headwords are marked for stress.

Dictionary of the Study of Religion/ Prepared by the group of authors; Comp. R. Petraitis; Ed. A. Rybelis. — V.: Mintis, 1991. — 410, [2] p.

This explanatory dictionary contains nearly 3,000 terms, concepts, and personal names from the study of religion. It surveys the branches and sects of various religions, canonical religious literature, explains terms relating to the practice of religious life, and introduces the schools of religious philosophy and the ideas of their representatives. The dictionary describes mythological figures of the peoples of the ancient world, with particularly extensive attention devoted to Baltic mythology. The dictionary entries were prepared according to principles similar to those used in encyclopedias published in Lithuania. Terms are arranged alphabetically, with etymologies provided and surnames given in their original spelling. Terms are not marked for stress. The dictionary is intended for all readers wishing to learn about mythology, the history of religion, the fundamentals of the Christian faith, and its main concepts.

Russian–Lithuanian Dictionary of Garment-Making Terms/ Resp. State Scientific and Technical Center for Household Services; Prepared by A. Mičėnienė. — V.: RVBPMTC, 1991. — 59 p.

Russian and Lithuanian Dictionary of Trade Terms/ MTP Implementation Center of the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Lithuania. — V.: LRPMMTPDC, 1991. — Issue 8: Finance, accounting, etc. — 70, [2] p.

This Russian–Lithuanian dictionary is a translation dictionary. The eighth fascicle presents terms relating to finance and accounting. They are arranged alphabetically by nests. The dictionary is not marked for stress. Its purpose is not stated.

Russian and Lithuanian Dictionary of Fish Names/ Implementation Center of the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Lithuania — V.: LRPMMTPDC, 1991. — 13, [1] p.

This bilingual dictionary lists fish names and several word combinations describing methods of processing fish, and the like. The dictionary is a translation dictionary. Next to the Lithuanian name, in parentheses, is given

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A Latin name. The terms are arranged alphabetically and are unaccented. The glossary was reviewed by the Terminology Department. Its purpose is not stated. Printed circuit boards: Lithuanian–Russian–English–French glossary of terms/ State Institute of Computing Technology and Informatics. – V.: VSTIMTI, 1991. – 20 p.

Šakys V. Microsoft Excel for Economists: Spreadsheet with Database and Business Graphics for IBM PC AT Personal Computers. English–Lithuanian glossary of terms/ KTU, Department of Management Informatics. – K.: Technologija, 1991. – 14 p.

This bilingual translation and explanatory glossary presents almost all the words found in Microsoft Excel windows, dialog boxes, and messages. More than 500 terms are included. They are arranged alphabetically. Most terms have explanations. The terms are unaccented. Intended for economists who do not know English.

Velička J. Jūreivystės terminų trumpas enciklopedinis žodynas. – Klaipėda, 1991. – 441 p.

This dictionary explains various maritime terms. Russian and English equivalents of the terms are given in parentheses. The origin of a term is sometimes explained. The dictionary is unaccented. Intended for seafarers. It bears the entry “for official use.”

1992

Angliškų terminų aiškinamasis žodynas: Verslas. Komercija. – V.: Balticon, 1992. – 55 p.

This dictionary covers more than 650 key English terms related to entrepreneurship and trade. English terms are listed alphabetically. Lithuanian equivalents are provided for some terms, along with explanations. The dictionary is unaccented. It includes nonstandard anglicisms. Intended for entrepreneurs and students.

Būda V., Skirmantas R., Štaras A. Russian–Lithuanian–English dictionary of computational mathematics terms/ Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, VU. – V.: VU Press, 1992. – 74, [1] p.

This dictionary is the first attempt to collect and standardize the Lithuanian computational mathematics terms in wider use. Lithuanian equivalents of international terms are provided. The glossary is trilingual and transla-

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…[truncated word]. Russian terms are arranged alphabetically. Compound terms are listed alphabetically under the headword. Cross-references are provided to the more commonly used term. In some places, words supplementing the terms are given in parentheses. Lithuanian terms are marked for stress. The glossary was reviewed by the Terminology Department. Its purpose is not stated.

Economics theory glossary: A teaching aid for students specializing in economics / VU; compiled by J. Čičinskas, R. Lazutka. — V.: VU 1-kla, 1992. — 55, [1] p.

This explanatory glossary covers the principal concepts and categories of the economics theory course. English equivalents are given in parentheses alongside the Lithuanian terms. The terms are arranged alphabetically and are not marked for stress. Some terms are nonstandard. This glossary is a reference aid for students taking the economics theory course.

Kavaliauskas Č. A Short Dictionary of Theology. — V.: “Lumen” Foundation 1-kla, 1992. — 384 p.

This is more an encyclopedia than a dictionary. In addition to terms, it includes proper names (Aaron, Adam, Babylonia and Israel, Yahweh, Jesus Christ, Melchizedek, Zion), common assertions or other extended word combinations, and names of events (archaeological searches in Palestine, cogito ergo sum, proofs of the existence of God, disputes over the veneration of images, description of the pre-operational consciousness of Jesus, the Ecumenical Council of Constance, the question of the soul in philosophy, ordinations in the early Church, etc.), as well as periphrases (servus servorum Dei). Explanations are generally extensive, often spanning several, and sometimes a dozen or even several dozen pages. Headwords (unmarked for stress) are arranged alphabetically (some phrases are ordered by the alphabetical position of the modified word). Some terms need linguistic correction. The dictionary’s purpose is not stated.

Kivilša J., Kudzys A., Rosinas A. Russian–Lithuanian Dictionary of Construction Terms / VTU; special editor A. Kudzys. — V.: Lietuvos ūkis, 1992. — 560 p.

This bilingual translation dictionary contains about 23,000 terms relating to civil, industrial, transport, hydraulic and sanitary construction. The editors sought to refine international words, restore old Lithuanian construction terms, and replace compound terms with single-word ones. Terms are arranged alphabetically in a nest-based system. Lithuanian terms are marked for stress. The glossary was reviewed by the Terminology Department.

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School Dictionary of Mathematical Terms / Ministry of Culture and Education of the Republic of Lithuania / Compiled by L. Klimkevičienė, A. Nevierienė, J. Tijušienė, N. Urbonienė. — V.: Publishing Centre, 1992. — 32 p. The glossary lists only stress-marked Lithuanian terms in nests, making it a dictionary of term spelling and stress. Its compilers—teachers at Panevėžys Secondary School No. 18—won an incentive prize in the 1991 republican competition for teaching aids for this glossary. The glossary is intended for teachers and pupils in general education, vocational and higher schools; its aim was to help “develop correct language.” It contains errors in stress marking and printing.

Nakas R., Stundžia B. Maritime Names / A Short Dictionary. — 1940 — Toronto: Šventosios uostas, 1992. — 53 p. This glossary of maritime terms, published by emigrants, was written in 1940 and has now been expanded and edited. It is an explanatory translation dictionary; English equivalents are provided for most Lithuanian terms. It contains distinctive neologisms, and some terms differ from those commonly used in Lithuania. Some terms need linguistic correction, and the explanations contain language errors.

Key Economic and Financial Terms and Concepts: A Collection / Prepared by E. Misiūnas. — K.: Spindulys, 1992. — 16, [4] p. This explanatory glossary presents some of the most important economic and financial terms and concepts. Terms are arranged alphabetically; some compound terms are listed under the first letter of the headword. The glossary is not marked for stress. Its purpose is not stated.

Paknys A. Instrument Manufacturing Technology: Concepts / KTU, Department of Instrument Manufacturing. — K.: Technologija, 1992. — 30 p.

Velička A. Jūreivystės, žvejybos ir politechnikos terminų žodynas. — Klaipėda, 1992. — D. 1—2. — 445 p. Šiame dvikalbiame verčiamajame rusų—lietuvių kalbų žodyne pateikiami jūreivystės, žvejybos ir politechnikos terminai. Žodynas lizdinis, lizduose terminai išdėstyti pagal abėcėlę. Antrojoje žodyno dalyje yra lietuvių—rusų kalbų terminų rodyklė. Čia pateikiami tik antraštiniai lietuviški terminai. Žodynas nekirčiuotas. Paskirtis nepasakyta. Turi įrašą „naudotis tarnyboje“.

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Vokiečių–lietuvių rinkos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas. – V.: Balticon, 1992. – 52 p.

The glossary contains more than 1,000 German terms relating to the market economy, business, and commerce, with explanations in Lithuanian; some also have Lithuanian equivalents (these are unaccented and not distinguished as terms). The glossary is anonymous; the three sentences of the preface are signed by the editorial team. The compilers do not follow the conventions for compiling dictionaries; it contains inadmissible terms and language errors. It is intended for industrial workers, businesspeople, those wishing to go into business, and students at higher education institutions.

B. Other publications

Būda V. Lithuanian Passive Participle Phrases: A Textbook and Dictionary for a Higher Technical School/ Vilnius Technical University. – V.: Technika, 1992. – 112 p.

Apart from the preface, the book consists of two parts. The first presents a systematic overview of passive participle phrases, examines their structural features and the grammatical and semantic relations between their components, discusses expressions that compete with these phrases in terminology, their meanings and usage differences, and explains errors in competing expressions. The larger part of the book is a dictionary comprising four sections. In the first section, phrases are arranged alphabetically by the words they modify (nouns); in the second, alphabetically by the passive participles functioning as modifiers; in the third, by the head word of expanded phrases (also alphabetically); and in the fourth, phrases with substantivized participles. The phrases were collected from dictionaries (including terminological dictionaries), works of fiction, scientific and other literature, the periodical press, spoken language, and other sources. The publication is intended for students, lecturers, and specialists in the technical sciences.

Problems of Lithuanian Lexis and Terminology: Issues in Lithuanian Linguistics. Vol. XXIX/ Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Institute of the Lithuanian Language; Editorial board: Z. Babickienė, K. Gaivenis (ed.-in-chief), et al. – V.: Mokslas, 1991. – 232 p.

The book contains the following articles on issues in the language of science and terminology: K. Gaivenis. On the Question of the Figurative Quality of Lithuanian Terms (p.

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26–31); A. Kaulakienė. The Beginnings of the Language of Science in „Keleivis“ (p. 80–91); J. Klimavičius. Several Microsystems of Hydrological Terms (Water Flow) (p. 99–112).

Ralytė A., Rimša V. The Development and Standardization of Lithuanian Library Science Terminology: From Its Origins to 1989/ Lithuanian National Martynas Mažvydas Library; Scientific editor J. Baltušis. – V.,1989. – 114 p.

The book surveys the development of Lithuanian library science terminology, beginning with the first Lithuanian book. It examines in detail issues concerning the standardization of these terms, their introduction and discussion in the press, the organization of terminology-standardization work, and other problems of library science terminology and its development, and seeks ways to resolve them. A substantial bibliography (176 items) in Lithuanian and other languages is included at the end.

Principles and Methods of Terminology. Standard of the Republic of Lithuania: Lithuanian RST 1115–90 (ISO-704–87)/ Department of Standardization and Quality under the Government of the Republic of Lithuania. – V. – 31 p.

This is a translation of the International Organization for Standardization’s terminology standard, adapted to the Lithuanian language and its requirements. The standard explains the concept of a notion, relations between notions, systems, definitions and their types and principles of formulation, the concept of a term and the creation of terms, their systems and requirements, abbreviations, and other issues. No publication year is given. The standard came into force on January 1, 1990.

Terminology Corrections/ Institute of the Lithuanian Language; compiled by K. Gaivenis et al. – V.: Mokslas, 1992. – 160 p.

The publication presents approximately 3,500 incorrect terms from various fields, together with recommended replacements. The inadmissible terms are classified as follows: words with incorrect formation or pronunciation; words used with an inadmissible meaning; foreignisms; inadmissible hybrids; calques; partial calques; semantic calques; slang terms; and obsolete terms. All these corrections are marked with abbreviations indicating the reason for correction. The terms to be corrected are listed alphabetically and without accent marks. Multiword terms are presented in nests. The recommended term is given with accent marks in parentheses after an equals sign; usage-field labels are also provided. The publication is intended for lecturers, teachers, researchers and technical staff, editors, and anyone interested in Lithuanian terminology and the language of science.

Compiled by J. GAIVENYTĖ and St. KEINYS

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