LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, III LIETUVOS TSR MOKSLŲ AKADEMIJA

LAKE NAMES

B. SAVUKYNAS

This article, which covers lake names beginning with the letter A, is only part of a larger work in preparation on Lithuanian ¹ lake names. That work is intended to consist of an etymological dictionary of lake names and a section examining in greater detail the more characteristic cases of their formation, morphology, and semasiology.

Etymologies are proposed according to the principle that place names should be compared first and foremost with place names and personal names. For each lake name, equivalents are first sought in Lithuanian, Latvian, and Old Prussian onomastics, and only then is the name being etymologized tentatively linked to corresponding common nouns in the Baltic languages. Where the semantics are not sufficiently clear from Baltic-language material, the lexicon of other Indo-European languages is also drawn upon.

The stems of place names are divided into derivational elements only after comparing various Baltic proper-name variants having the same root; consequently, a formant or suffix is sometimes not isolated if its identification is not supported by comparative onomastic material and is unnecessary for the etymology.

The toponymic material was taken from the onomastic collections of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Lithuanian SSR. Literary-language forms are provided throughout, and dialect forms only occasionally, since few lake names in the aforementioned collections were recorded in dialect. An effort is also made to give all names for the same lake and all regional variants of each name. A few lake names for which the available material did not allow the accent contours to be established are given without stress marks.

Abbreviations

Akm Akmenė district; av. Avestan; Al Alytus district; avd. personal name; An Anykščiai district; balt. Baltic; ang. English; BgEŽ K. Būga’s etymological dictionary card index in the manuscript collection of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language and Literature of the Lithuanian SSR Academy of Sciences; ap. locality; aps. county; Ar Ariogala district

¹Names of lakes of non-Lithuanian origin that have nevertheless conformed to the rules of the Lithuanian language are also considered Lithuanian here.

19. Kalbotyros klausimai, III

289

BgRR K. Būga, Rinktiniai Raštai, Vilnius, I t. 1958, II t. 1959.

BgŽ Lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Sudarė K. Būga, I ir II sąsiuvinis. Kaunas, 1924.

dial. marsh

Belarusian

Biržai District

former

CD Codex diplomaticus ecclesiae cathedralis necnon dioeceseos Vilnensis, Kraków, 1948.

Czech

Danish

former manor

frequent, more frequent

Eišiškės District

EnGF J. Endzelynas, Baltų kalbų garsai ir formos, Vilnius, 1957.

EnLV J. Endzelīns, Latvijas PSR vietvārdi, I daļa, Rīgā, 1956.

EnVV J. Endzelīns, Latvijas vietu vārdi, I daļa, Vidzemes vārdi, Rīgā, 1922.

EnKLV J. Endzelīns, Latvijas vietu vārdi, II daļa, Kurzemes un Latgales vārdi, Rīgā, 1925.

lake

small lake

FrLEW Ernst Fraenkel, prof. dr, Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg — Göttingen, 1955 irt.

FsEWG Sigmund Feist, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, Halle, 1909.

Germanic

GerON Die altpreußischen Ortsnamen von Dr. Georg Gerullis, Berlin und Leipzig, 1922.

Gothic

Ancient Greek

ditch

Indo-European

Indian

Icelandic

JbLŽ K. Jablonskis, Lithuanian Words in the Language of the Chanceries of Old Lithuania, Part I, Texts, Kaunas, 1941.

Jńš Joniškis District

Jon Jonava District

Jrb Jurbarkas District

Jz Jieznas District

village

Kdn Kėdainiai District

of roads

hill

Klp Klaipėda District

KILWK W. Kalvaitis, Lietuwiszku Wardų Klėtele, Tilžėje 1910.

Kvr Kalvarija district

Kn Kaunas district

Kp Kupiškis district

Kps Kapsukas district

Krtn Kretinga district

Kš Kaišiadorys district

KzR Kazlų Rūda district

Pol. Polish

Lat. Latvian

field; countryside

LAV Inhabited Places of Lithuania, Kaunas, 1925.

Lith. Lithuanian

literary language

LKŽ Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, vols. I—V, Vilnius, 1941—1959.

Lat. Latin

LsBN Die Bildung der Nomina in Litauischen von August Leskien, Leipzig, 1891.

LVV K. Mūlenbacha Latviešu valodas vārdnīca, Rediģējis, papildinājis, turpinājis J. Endzelīns, I—IV t, Rīgā, 1923—1932.

Lzd Lazdijai district

Mlt Molėtai district

city

town

forest

Mžk Mažeikiai district

Nmč Nemenčinė district

Norwegian

Pgg Pagėgiai district

Pkr Pakruojis district

marsh

cf.

hillfort

Pln Plungė district

Pn Panevėžys district

Pnd Pandėlys district

pr. Prussian

praef. praefixum, prefix

Prn Prienai district

Ps Pasvalys district

pv. meadow

ret. rare, less frequently

Rk Rokiškis district

Rs Raseiniai district

Rt Rietavas district

rus. Russian

290

RŽ Lietuvių kalbos rašybos žodynas, Kaunas, 1948. senovės.

SchmTL Raymond Schmittlein, Toponymie lituanienne (Etudes sur la nationalité des Aestii, I t.), Bade, 1948.

Skd Skuodas district.

Skdv Skaudvilė district.

skr. Sanskrit

SkŽD Pranas Skardžius, Lietuvių kalbos žodžių daryba, Vilnius, 1941.

sl. Slavic

SRP Scriptores rerum Prussicarum, Leipzig, 1861—1874.

suf. suffix, affix.

Šd Šeduva district.

Šk Šakiai district.

Šl Šiauliai district.

Šlčn Šalčininkai district.

Šlu Šilutė district.

Šr Širvintos district.

Švnč Švenčionys district.

Tl Telšiai district.

Trak Trakai district

TrAS Die altpreussischen Sprachdenkmäler von Dr. Reinhold Trautmann, Göttingen, 1910.

Trg Tauragė district

trm. dialectally

TrPN Die altpreußischen Personennamen von Dr. Reinhold Trautmann, Göttingen, 1925.

TŽ Tauta ir Žodis, publication of the Faculty of Humanities, vols. I—VII, Kaunas, 1923—1931.

Ukm Ukmergė district

up. river

upl. stream

Ut Utena district

Užv Užventis district

va. German High German (Hochdeutsch)

Varn Varniai district

Viln Vilnius district

Vlkj Vilkija district

Vlkv Vilkaviškis district

vls. municipality

WlVW Alois Walde, Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-European Languages, edited and revised by Julius Pokorny, Berlin and Leipzig, 1927—1930.

German German

Vrn Varėna district

single homestead single homestead

place name place name

Vvs Vievis district

Low German Low German (Niederdeutsch)

Zr Zarasai district

see see

< = a hydronym derived from the name of a settlement; the word is derived from (what).

Ⅱ = used alongside as an equivalent.

A

Abis-avas (BgŽ6) Drobai Žr. Plg. Abis-tà up. Al, Abiz-dra (z < s prieš d) Žvirgždėnai Daugų ap. Al; pr. vv. Abis-wange GerON 7, avd. Abs-ico ir Abes-tik Tr PN 11. Suf. -ava-, plg. Säg-avas ež. Seirijai Lzd, žr. SkŽD 379.

Abramaučiznos ežeras < Abramaučizna village, Giedraičiai district Mlt. A place name of Slavic origin.

Abrōm-iškio ežeras < Abrōm-iškis village, Užpaliai district Ut: personal name Abrōmas + suffix -iškja-.

Abrōm-iškių ežeras < Abrōm-iškės village, Pakalniškiai district Vvs. Cf. Abrōmiškio ežeras.

Ac-intas Pabradė district, Nmč, cf. surname Ačys BgŽ 11. Suffix -inta-, cf. Gáil-intas lake, Savilionys district, Al, Živv-intas lake, Padovinys district, Kps.

Adamāvo ežeras < Adamāvas village, Kirkutai district Švnč. A place name of Slavic origin.

Adom-aitis Mindūnai district Mlt: surname Adom-aitis BgŽ 14: personal name Adōmas + suffix -aitija-.

Agar-ynė Didžiasalis district Ign.: āgaras ‘water chestnut, Trapa natans’ (LKŽ I 21) + suffix -ynė. Cf. Latvian Agarina En LVI.

291

Agar-inis 1. Pakniškiai parish. See; 2. Ign. Cf. Agar-iniai village, Šventežeris parish. Lzd. See Agaryńė. Suffix -inja-.

Aginsko ežeras, Pavirinciai village, Kurkliai parish. Kvr. <personal nameAginskas <, cf. Ogiński.

Aguónio ežeras < Aguònis village, Liubavas parish, Klvr; cf. Aguoną personal name, BgŽ 18: Lithuanian aguonà ‘poppy’. See FrLEW 2.

Ai-būtis, Labanoras parish, Švnc, BgŽ 20. Cf. Aibut-óžys village, BgŽ 20, Ez-butas personal name, RŽ 393; Prussian Ey-buth TrPN 27. Ai- < Ei-.

Ai-but-iškis, Labanoras parish, Švnc. See Aibutis. Suffix -iškja-.

Aik-úotas, Galminiai village, Degučiai parish. See. Cf. Eik-in-iškis village, Čedasai parish, Pnd; personal names: Aika, Aik-inas, Aikÿs, Eikÿs; Latvian hydronyms Ažka ir Ažkas EnLV I 6, Eikáu-ežers, Eikava EnLV I 267; Prussian place names Eyke-medie GerON 33, personal name Aycke TrPN 11. Aik (< *Eik)- + suffix -uota-. See Sk ŽD 345—50.

Ais-età BgŽ 24 || Ais-etas || Ais-etai, Labanoras parish, Švnc; 1429 Ise-to CD 747, and Oyszyero CD 133; Ais-età river nearby. Cf. Aisė river, Klp; 14th c. Ayse SRP II 667, Ais-énai village, Pėžaičiai parish, Klp, personal name Eis-inas; Latvian hydronyms Ais-iņi EnLV I 6 and Eis-purw EnLV I 268; Prussian place names Ayssen GerON 8 and personal name Eis-utte TrPN 27. Suffix -eta. K. Būga (RR I 503—5) believes that river names with Ais- or Eis- are to be associated with Sanskrit eša-h ‘swift’ and Old Icelandic eisa ‘to rush rapidly forward’. Cf. also Lithuanian aisùs ‘thunderous, gloomy; bitter, poignant’ LKŽ I 34.

Aj-òčis, Ajóčiai, Samaniai parish. See. Cf. Ej-účiai lake, Karklėnai parish, Varn, Aj-ut-iškis lake, Aukštadvaris parish, Pnd, Aj-utis personal name, BgŽ 28; Latvian hydronyms Ajas-puros EnLV I 13 and Ej-ušas EnLVI 268. Suffix -otja-, cf. Karp-óčius river, KzR, Drag-óčiai village, Jon.

Ak-ėlė 1. Menčtrakiai, Kps, BgŽ 30, 2. Semeliškės parish, Vvs. See Akis. Suffix -elė.

Ak-ėlės du ež., Gečialaukis, Nemunaitis parish, Al. See Ak-ėlė.

Ak-inis, Garbūnai, Zuikai parish, Ign. See Akis. Suffix -inja-.

Akis 1. Talokis, Al, BgŽ 37, 2. Gelvonai parish, Šr, 3. Rečionys parish, Kš, 4. same place; cf. Ak-jà river, Užv, Ak-ilnà river, Jz, Akis river, Kp; Latvian Acis lake, Acireņģe ravine, EnLV I 4; Prussian Akicz lake, GerON 8: Lithuanian akis ‘eye; lake hollow’, áras, akà, aketė; Latvian aka ‘well’.

Akių ežerėlis, Likiškiai, Al. See Akis.

Àklas 1. Vepriai parish, Ukm, 2. Liubavas parish, Klvr. Cf. Latvian Aklajs ezeriņš EnLV I 14; Lithuanian áklas ‘blind person’.

Àklas ežerėlis, Činčikai, Švnc.

Aklÿs 1. part of Lake Ežeriekių, Vrn, 2. Ditkūnai, Kovališkiai parish. See. Cf. Latvian Aklis lake, EnLV I 14. See Aklas.

Aklà-ežeris Laukuva county, Rt. See Aklàžeris.

Aklàžeris 1. an overgrown lake, VIkv; 2. Ulišiškiai village, Vindeikiai county, Šr; 3. Baltrakys village, Gižai county, VIkv; 4. Raišeliai village, Juodupė county, Rk; 5. Subartonys village, Merkinė county, Vrn; 6. Skaiščiai village, Liubavas county, Klvr; 7. marshland, Būriškiai village, Butrimonys county, Jz; 8. wasteland, Pivašiūnai county, Jz; 9. meadow, Svėdasai county, An. Cf. Latvian Aklęzers EnLV I 14. See Aklas.

Aklėžeris 1. Imbradas county, Žr; 2. Antazavė county, Žr; 3. Trumsiškiai village, Duo-kiškis county, Rk; 4. Vilkaičiai village, Rimučiai county, Tl. See Aklàžeris.

292

Akležerys 1. Kalučiškis village, Jūžintai county, Rk; 2. Ščiūris village, Kriaunos county, Rk. See Aklažeris.

Akl-ėlis 1. Lynežeris village, Dubičiai county, Vrn; 2. Puščia forest, Leipalingis, Lzd. See Aklas. Suffix -ėl-ja-.

Akl-ikas Marcinkonys county, Vrn, BgŽ 40. See Aklas. Suffix -ika-.

Akl-inis 1. Kurtuvėnai, ŠI, BgŽ 41; 2. (1. Oklin lake genitive. Kuków, BgŽ 41). See Aklas. Suffix -inja-.

Akl-in-ūkas (1. Oklinek) Akliniai village (1. village Okliny), Vižainis district, Suwałki County, BgŽ 41. See Aklinis. Suffix -uka-.

Akl-iūkas Lukojas village, Klm. See Aklas. Suffix -jūka-.

Akulioriai two lakes, near Jat-kuniškiai village, Sadūnai county. See: akulioriai ‘eyeglasses’ < 1. eyeglasses ‘spectacles’ < Latin ocularis.

Akulėriai Šilėnai village, Ign. See Akulioriai.

Akmenà Viln, RŽ 383; cf. Akmenà 1. river, Viln; 2. river, Šiluva, Klm; 3. river, Kp; 4. river, Trg; Latvian Akmen̨-iškų-ežers EnLV I 15: Lithuanian akmuõ, Latvian akmens ‘stone’.

Akmenis 1. Šiukščiai village, Degučiai county, Zr; 2. Obeliai county, Rk; cf. Akmenė town, Akmeniai village, Subačius county, Kp, Miškiniai county, Lzd; Akmenyš name, BgŽ 43. See Akmenà.

Akmenių Lake < Akmeniai village, Miškiniai county, Lzd. See Akmenis.

Ākmeno Lake || Āpvalasai Juodupė county, Rk: stone (dialectal ākmenas).

Akminių small lake < Akminiai village, Vaiguva county, Užv.: dialectal ā˙kminc ~ ākmīnas ‘stone’; cf. Akmenių Lake.

Akn-ystõs lake < Akn-ystà townlet, Rk district, and Akn-ystà 1. river in the same place; 2. river, Debeikiai rural district, An. Compare also Akn-ysčiai village, Debeikiai rural district, An; Latvian Akn-iša or Akn-iste, Akn-upe EnLV I 7, 18. Suffix -ysta; compare Lok-ystà river, Trg.

Akn-yst-ėlis Leliūnai rural district, Ut. See Aknystos lake.

Akuōtis Peleliai village, Krasnavas district, Seinai County; compare Akuočiai village, Meteliai rural district, Lzd, Latvian Akuoti EnLV I 18, Prussian place-names Akotin GerON 8: Lithuanian akuõtė ‘roach, red-eye, dace, leuciscus rutilus’, ā́kūotas ‘Granne’; Latvian akots ‘Granne’; Prussian ackons ‘Grane’; Latin acus ‘thorn’, FrLEW 5.

Alaušai Balninkai, Uk m. See Ālaušas.

Ālaušas 1. Svėdasai, Rk; 2. Sudeikiai, Ut; Alaušà river, Užpaliai, Ut. Compare Latvian Alauksts EnLV I 19; compare also Āl-ovė townlet, Al.

Ald-ikis Paaldikis village, Mlt; compare Ald-ij-ėlės marsh, BgŽ 51, Ald-ōnas meadow, BgŽ 52; Aldos birch grove, Mockai village, Punksas district, Seinai County; Latvian Alde EnLV I 19; Prussian personal names Aldegut ir Aldewisse TrPn 11, 12; compare also Audrėlis ir Audėnis.

Aleinikai (?) < Aleinikai village, Kiviškiai rural district, Zr, Aleinikai village, Šeimyniškiai village, An; Latvian Aleimiki EnLV I 20; compare also Alejà.

Alejà (dialectal Alajà; lake and marsh), Subačius rural district, Kp (< *Eleja BgŽ 50); compare Al-ėjà river, Viduklė rural district, Rs, Al-ėjai village, Rs, BgŽ 53; Latvian Alejas-kalns EnLV I 19, El-eja river, EnLV I 268. K. Būga (Ž 53) connects this root with Lithuanian alėti ‘to be washed by water’. Suffix -eja; compare Asv-eja lake, Nmn.

Alekn-iškis Polekniškiai village, Daugailiai rural district, Ut: Aleknà meadow, < Belarusian Oaex-ho BgŽ 53. Suffix -iškja-.

Aleksandrāvo lake < Aleksandrāvas village and former manor, Pajevonys rural district, Vlkv. Of Slavic origin.

293

Alionių lake < Aliōnys village, Šr, cf. personal name Aliō-nis, Alit village, Mackenų district, Ut; Latvian Alenis EnLV I 20.

Alkà Dubingiai Nmc BgŽ 57, Alkà village, Imbarė district, Krtn, Alkas village, Rt; cf. Alk-upỹs river, Vanduogala Kn, Elk-evičė personal name Bg AV 25; Latvian Ėlk-ezars EnLV I 269; Prussian place names Alk-ayне GerON 8, personal names Alke, Alk-ethe TrPN 12: Lithuanian alkas, alkà ‘sanctuary, hillock overgrown with trees’, alkà ‘waterlogged hollow, pond’ LKŽ I 84, Latvian ęlks ‘the idol, the false god’ LVV I 567, Gothic alhs ‘temple’ FsEWG 27.

Alkas Kareivonys, Jokenų district, Vrn. See Alka.

Alksnà Rimšė district, Ign. BgŽ 59, Alksnà tributary, BgŽ 59 (location unspecified), Latvian Alksna stream EnLV I 20; cf. Alksnė tributary and Alks-n-ėnai village, Vlkv; Prussian place names Alxowe ir Alxwangen GerON 9: Lithuanian alksnà ‘alder grove’, alksnis ‘alder’, Latvian aleksnis ‘alder’, Prussian alskande TrAS 295 see abskande.

Alksn-aitis 1. Salų II village, Motiejūnai district, Svnč, 2. Čižiūnai village, Medeišiai district, Ign. Cf. Alksnaitė river, Užpaliai district, Ut. See Alksna. Suffix -aitja-.

Alksnas 1. Salų II village, Motiejūnai district, Svnč, 2. Perkasynė village, Mlt, 3. Daugilis village, Bikūnai district, Ut. See Alksna

Alksn-ėlis Antalksnė village, Motiejūnai district, Svnč. See Alksnas. Suffix -elja-.

Alksnis Pūšliai village, Bainiai district, Zr: alksnis ‘alder’. Cf. Alksnà, Alksnas.

Alkus Pašiliai village, Vlkj. Cf. Alka.

Alm-ajas Ginučiai village, Palūšė district, Ign, Alm-ajà river, same place; cf. Almė river, An BgŽ 62, Almis personal name BgŽ 62; Latvian Almji place names EnLV I 22; Prussian Alm-oyn GerON 9: Lithuanian almėti ‘to flow continuously, drip, suppurate’ LKŽ I 88. For etymology, see also BgŽ 62 and FrLEW 8. Suffix -aja-, cf. Indr-ajas lake, Labanoras district, Svnč, Kam-ajà river, Čiobiškis district, Šr.

Alm-enas Svnč BgŽ 62, cf. Alm-ajas and Lithuanian almuõ, -enìs ‘pus’ LKŽ I 88. Suffix -ena-, cf. Dėm-enas lake, Lzd.

Al̃nas Kučiūnai village, Gudeliai district, Lzd, Alnà river, same place, Alnaĩ former estate, same place; cf. Aln-upis tributary, Varn BgŽ 63; Latvian Aln-ava village EnLV I 22; Prussian Alna river, Alnow place names GerON 9: Lithuanian álnis ir élnis ‘deer’, Latvian alnis ‘elk’, Prussian alne ‘calf’; see GerON 9. K. Būga (Ž 63), on the basis of the accent, considers this place name to be Yotvingian.

Al̃nis Mindūnai district, Mlt, Alnė village, same place, Alnės upėlis stream, same place BgŽ 63: Lithuanian dialectal álnis ‘deer’ LKŽ I 88. Cf. Alnas.

Āl-ovės lake < Āl-ovė town, Al, Al-ov-ėlė river, same place; cf. Prussian Al-owe See GerON 9. Cf. also Āl-au-žas lake (suffix -auša-, cf. Lōk-auša river, Rm) and Al-ytùs < *Al-yta (1503 AD Olyte CD 654₂₈ and Olita CD 669₅,₁₂ and personal name Al-ytà, suffix -yta, cf. also Ap-ytà river, Dieveniškės Ščn, see Sk ŽD 355).

Al-sėdžių lake (1421 AD lacus Olsedy CD 741) < Al-sėdžiai town, Al+sėdžiai; cf. Trak-sėdžiai village, Šlu, Mō-sėdis town, Skd. Cf. also place names with Al-: Āl-ovė town, Al, Al-ytùs town.

Als-età || Ruopiškis lake Ruopiškis village, Rk; Als-età river, forest, same place; cf. Alsà river, Jrb., Rs, Alsė Šveikšna district, Šlu, Als-aitis river, Rs, Als-iina river, Juodupė Rk, Als-ūnė tributary, Mlt, Als-ēja stream, Aukštadvarýs Jz, Als-ut-ura forest, BgŽ 65; cf. also personal names Als-butas, Als-ežiba, Als-aitis (Ян Алсайтисъ 1583. Акты Виленской Археолог. Комиссии XIV 268) and Alsiai village, Akm, Als-iōnys Adutiškis district, Svnč; Latvian Als-ava, Alsi, Als-upes villages, Alsin-kalns EnLV I 22; Prussian place names Als-itten, personal names Als-utte GerON 9, Als-aute, Alse-but, Als—une, Als-uthe TrPN 12.

294

Als-uōdis Paalsuodės I village, Salduškis parish, Ut. Cf. Als-etā. Suffix -uodja- (?). See BgŽ 65.

Alšià || Pieštuvėnai Lake < Pieštuvėnai village, Jz; Alšià river, same place. Cf. Alš-iena river, Upytė parish, Pn; Latvian Alši village, Alš-eni village. EnLV I 23.

Al-uonà (lake and river), Rūdiškės, Trak; Al-uonà river, Josvainiai, Kdn. Cf. Al-uotis river, Svedasai, An; Latvian Al-uot-ava village. EnLV I 25. See also Al-ovė. Suffix -uona; see SkŽD 283.

Ām-alvas || Am-alv-iškiai Lake < Am-alv-iškiai village, Padovinio parish, Kps; Am-alvė river, same place; cf. Am-alė river and Am-ālai village, Kužiai parish, Šl; Am-ālis river, Josvainiai parish, Kdn; Am-ālai Kn; Am-ata river, Pūšalotas parish, Ps; personal names: Ām-alas, Am-āliūs, Ām-aras; Am-ule, Am-uļi, Am-alkra, Am-ata || Am-ada, Am-eļi, Am-uoli villages, Am-eliņk, Amit river. GerON 9, 110. Cf. Lithuanian āmālas ‘a parasitic plant, viscum album’, āmālas, āmāras ‘plant lice, aphididae’; Latvian amu(o)ls ‘mistletoe’; see FrLEW 9. Suffix -alva-; see Sk. ŽD 389.

Ambraz-iškiai Lake < Ambraz-iškiai former manor, Giedraičiai parish, Mit; cf. Ambraz-iūnai village. BgŽ 72: Ambraziejus (Slavic) < Latin Ambrosius; see BgŽ 72. Suffix -iškja-

Amērikos Lake < Amērika part of Šarnelė village, Žemaičių Kalvarija parish, Pln: Amerika ‘name of a continent’.

Ānčia Veisiejai, Lzd; Baltōji Ānčia river, Kapčiamiestis, Lzd; Juodōji Ānčia Seinai; Ānčia river, Kražiai, Klm; Ānčia Skdv; cf. Anč-iupis Šilavotas, Prn; Anta Rt; Antē² Alko parish, Rt; Ant-ýt-upis river, Rimiškiai parish, Šd; Ant-ininkai village, Skdv; Ant-in-iškių village, Eiš; personal names: Anča, Ančas, Anč-iūlis, Ančius, Ant-inis; Latvian Antes village, Ant-ene lake, Ant-inu-plava lake, Ant-inenes lake, etc. EnLV I 33, 34; Prussian place names Antetau, Antiken GerON 10; personal names: Ant-evke, Ant-ewe, Ant-ix, Anth-ike TrPn 13: Lithuanian antis; see FrLEW 11, WIVW 60. Hydronyms with ant- are etymologized differently by R. Schmittlein, TL 110.

Ang-ininkų Lake < Ang-ininkai village, Simnas, Al; cf. Ang-er-ingis lake Merkinė, Vrn; Latvian Ang-ere lake, Angar-lama former lake, Ang-aza ravine, Ang-eri village. EnLV I 30; Prussian Ang-etete, Ang-erow GerON 10: Lithuanian angis ‘snake’, anginas ‘grass snake, mythical large snake’; Prussian angurgis ‘eel’; see FrLEW 10. Suffix -ininka-

Āngl-inis (dialect form Ūnglini.s), 1. Bajoriškiai village, Pakalniai parish, Ut; 2. Salakas, Zr; cf. Āngl-inē forest, Lapės, Kn; Angl-ytė bog, Pedžiai village, Vandžiogala, Kn; Prussian place names Angil-nyken, Angl-iten GerON 10: Lithuanian anglis, Latvian uogle, Prussian anglis; see FrLEW 10. Suffix -inįa-

An-ýkščiai Kš; An-ýkštis lake, Butrimonys, Jz; An-ýkšta river, An; An-ýkščiai town; cf. Ān-iškio Lake Ūdrija, Al, and personal names: Anys, An-āitis, An-iūškšis, An-ýkštis, An-eikà; Latvian place names An-eni, Ani. EnLV 30; Prussian personal names: An-eyde, Anno TrPn 12. Suffix -ykštja-; cf. Luod-ýkštis lake, Salakas, Zr; Ligaj-ýkštis lake, same place; Nemun-ýkštis stream, Švendubrė, Vrn.

An-ýkštis Butrimonys, Jz; see An-ýkščiai

^²Anta and Antē relate to Ānčia in the same way as Bāla river, Vrn, relates to Bāldžia river, Skdv.

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An-iškis Lake < An-iškis former manor, Ūdrija, Al. See An-yksčiai. Suffix -iškja-.

Ant-akšiai < Ant-akščiái village, Alantos eldership. Mlt. Prefix ant- + akstis: Lithuanian akstis || akstis ‘piercing weapon, spit, fishbone, thorn, awl’ LKŽ I 71, ákstinas; Latvian aksa|laks ‘quick, swift, nimble’. Compare also Akštinai village, Trg, Klm, and surname Ákštinas.

Antā-pusnė Lake < Antā-pusnė village, compare Pusnė village, Mlt. Pusnėliai village, Antaplaškiai eldership, Kvr. Prefix antā-.

Antā-veršis Lake < Antā-veršis village, Užuguostis eldership, Jz.; compare Verš-ėlis lake, Ažubaliai village, Verksnionys eldership, Rk; Verš-upis stream, Kiduliai, Šk; Verš-upys stream, Veluona, Vilk; Veršiai village, Leipalingis eldership, Lzd, and Žiūriai eldership, Jnš; Prussian place names Wersz-niken, personal name Vers-enik GerON 200: Lithuanian veršis, Latvian vēršis ‘ox’, Prussian verstian ‘Kalb’. Prefix antā-.

Ant-āvìlis Lake < Ant-āvīlis village, Nmč; compare Avilys. Suffix ant-.

Antā-kolis Lake < Antā-kolis village, Krokialaukis eldership, Al., adapted to Slavic from Antā-kalnis; compare Antakalnis, a suburb of Vilnius > 1. Antokol.

Ap-eik-iškis Lake < Ap-ēk-iškis village, Antanašė eldership, Rk; Ap-eikė stream, same location; compare surnames Ap-ēkis, Ap-on-iškis village, Sugintai eldership, Mlt; Latvian Ap-ani village, EnLV I 36; Prussian personal name Apus Tr. PN 13. Suffix -eikja- + -iškja-.

Api-demė, Straciūnai village, Šauliai eldership, Lzd; compare Apý-demė stream, Seredžius eldership, Vlkj; Āp-demis field, Mžk; Āp-demės meadow and field, Seda eldership, Mžk; Āp-demis meadow, Plaušiniai village, Skd; Api-dėmes (locally Api-damas) meadow, Mažionys village, Jūžintai eldership, Rk; Api-demės field, Remeikiai village, Juodupė eldership, Rk; Api-demė meadow, Šadžiūnai village, Lzd; Api-demė (locally Api-dama), Šiaudinė village, Mielagėnai eldership, Ign; Api-demės field, Gatakiemis village, Linkmenys eldership, Švčn. Compare JbLŽ I 1 and 330, field names from the 16th–17th centuries: Anudeme, Anudema, opideme, Abdeme, opidoma, Anudemicъ Старе. Compare common nouns: apidėmė ‘(evil) deity’ WP 85”, apidėmė || apýdėmė ‘common plot of land between two homesteads’, apidėmės ‘pastures overgrown with bushes; graves’ and apýdėmis ‘surrounding area’ LKŽ I. Prefix apy-.

Apidemis || Apidmis, Bernotiškiai eldership, Žr. See, see Apidemė.

Apyn-ėlis, Stelmūžė, Zr; compare Apýnė stream, Stagariai village, Kriukai eldership, Jnš; Apyn-ėliai shrubland, Zybalai village, Rk; Latvian Apinis village, Apiņi village, EnLV I 37: Lithuanian apynys, Latvian apiņi.

Api-ritýs, Degučiai eldership, Zr. Prefix api-; compare Ap(i)-vardai lake, Rimšė eldership, Ign. Compare Rit-iškis lake and Rit-iškė stream, Mlt; Rit-inės stream, Pikėliai eldership, Mžk; Rit-inai village, Šk; Rit-rikiai village, Baisogala, Šd; Rit-ul-iškiai village, Meižiškiai eldership, Klm; surnames: Ritas, Rit-ikis, Rit-ēnas; Prussian place names Rytt-eym, Ritt-in and personal name Rit-il GerON 142; personal names Ritt-aw, Ritt-auwe TrPN 83: Lithuanian rìsti, riẽsti, Latvian ritens ‘wheel’, Lithuanian rãtas; Indo-European *reth- ‘run, roll, tumble’ WIVW II 368; Baltic rat-: rit-; compare Ratà stream, Tauručiai village, Paliepiai eldership, Ar.

Apskritas, Vepriai, Ukm: āpskritas.

Apskrityš, Joniškis, Nmč; see Apskritas.

Apskrit-eilis, Jutkiškiai and Vainiai villages, Apso eldership, Vidžiai district, BTSR. See Apskritas. Suffix -eilja-.

Āpsas Lake < Āpsas town, Vidžiai district, BTSR; compare Aps-ingė stream, Merkinė, Vrn; Aps-uonà river, Kruonis, Kš; Āpus-inas stream, Viduklė, Rs; and Āpšė stream, Skd;

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Latvian Apsa lake, Apšas lake EnLV I 39; Prussian Abs-owe, Abs-wangen, Appos-yn GerON 10: Latvian apse, Prussian abse, Lithuanian apušė || epušė (see BgRR II 251).

Ap-šlavas lake in Stabulankiai village, Leliūnai parish, Ut; prefix ap-, cf. Ap-vardai lake, Ign. The root šlav- occurs in the following place names: Šlav-ínas lake, Joniškis, Nmč; Šlav-anìtas lake, Šventas lake, Lzd; Šlav-antà river, Igliškėliai parish, Kps; Šlavė river, An; Latvian Slav-ašas, Slav-ieši, Slav-iešas, Slav-eka, Slav-ites EnVV 15, 24, 25, 26, 27. Place names with this root are related to Lithuanian šlioti, šluostyti, Latvian slaucīt ‘to sweep’. Šluoti is related to šlav- as duobė is to dauba. The semantics of hydronyms with this root become clear from cognates in other Indo-European languages: Latin cluo ‘I cleanse’, clocāca ‘underground channel for draining waste’, Greek χλύζω ‘to rinse, wash, wash off, clean’, Gothic hlūtrs ‘clear, pure’, Czech klouditi ‘to clean’, Russian клúdь ‘order’; PIE *klōu- ‘to wash, rinse, clean’. See WIVW I 496.

Apval-ainis in Denioniai village, Svedasai parish, An: apvalis ‘round’. Suffix -ainja-.

Apvalas || Akmeno ežeras in Juodupė parish, Rk. A form with the definite adjective ending; see EnGF 139. Cf. Apvalainis.

Ap-vardai in Rimšė parish, Ign. < Apy-vardai, cf. Apý-vardė river in the same locality. Prefix ap(y)-, cf. Ap-šlavas lake, Leliūnai parish, Ut. The root vard- is found in many Lithuanian hydronyms: Vard-uva river, Mžk; Vard-ikšnė river, Baisogala parish, Šd; Vardas stream, Želva parish, Ukm; Vard-auka river, Vrn; Vardàžis stream, Anykščiai, Al; Anu-vardė Jrb; personal name Ne-vard-ėlis, cf. Latvian Vard-upe place names, Prussian Wardo GerON 195. K. Būga (RR I 136) connects the root vard- in proper names with Lithuanian vardas, Latvian vārds, Prussian wirds, German Wort, Latin verbum.

Arim-aičių ežeras < Arim-aičiai village, Sadūnai parish, Rd, cf. Arim-ėnys village, Triškonys parish, Pkr, personal name Arim-ėvi-čius.

Ar-inas Joniškis, Nmč, cf. Arió-gala, Ar-iškė village, Zarėnai parish, Tl, personal names Arýš, Arius; Latvian Aruona river, EnLV I 43; Prussian Ar-yngine lake, Arys GerON 11. Suffix -ina-, cf. Šlav-inas lake, Joniškis, Nmč.

Arklia-šūdis in Laugagalis village, Labanoras parish, Švnč: arklys + šūdas ‘horse + dung’.

Arm-ėlis in Palivarkas village, Bikėnai parish, Zr; see Arm-onà. Suffix -elja-.

Arm-onà (lake and river) in Šinkūnai village, Meilūnai parish, Ukm, cf. Arm-enà river, Veliuona, Vki; Arm-en-ūkas river, Seredžius, Vlkj; Arm-ukšna river, Kvr; Arm-ul-iškis river, Pavešėtai village, Pn; Arm-on-iškis river, Vabalninkas, Brž: Lithuanian armėnys ‘depth, chasm, abyss’; armuō ‘quagmire, marsh, chasm, depth’; arma ‘horsetail plant, equisetum arvense; muddy road, quagmire’ LKŽ I 251—2. Suffix —oma.

Arm-onių ežeras < Armonys village, Lukštai parish, Rk. See Armona. Suffix -oni-.

Arm-ud-iškių ežeras <Armudiškiai village, Dotamai parish, Klvr. See Armona. Suffix -ud- + -iškja-.

As-alnai Linkmenys parish, Švnč, cf. As-asà river, Žirmūnai parish, Rodūnė district, BTSR; As-ėha river, Linkmenys parish, Švnč; As-upis Smilgai parish, Šd; As-upýs Eržvilkas parish, Skdv, personal name As-ýris; Latvian Aši lakes, Ašene river, As-upe river, As-ūne village, As-uote lakes EnLV I 45; Prussian Ase-lauken, As-initen, Assa-kayn, Ass-echen, Ass-un GerON 12, district As-ayde TrPN 14: Lithuanian ašys ‘horsetail, goat’s beard, equisetum’, Latvian aši ‘equisetum’. Suffix -alna-; see SkŽD 291.

As-aln-ykštis in Salos I village, Motiejūnai parish, Švnč. See Asalnai. Suffix -ykštja-.

As-ėkas in Ginčiai village, Palūšė parish, Ign. See Asalnai. Suffix -ėku-; see SkŽD 126.

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As-õnas in Liaukiškės village, Beižionys district, Vvs. See Asalnai. Suffix -ona-.

Asv-ejā in Dubingiai, Nmč; compare Latvian Asva lake, EnLV I 45; Prussian Assuenus lake, Aswin lake Asswene river, GerON 12. See Bg RR I 500, TŽ I 34. Suffix -ėja; compare Alėja lake.

Atāvaras in Kruopiai, Kd; compare Lithuanian Atãvarai meadow in Rukeliai village, Rk; Latvian Atvars small lake, Atvarums river bend, EnLV I 49: Lithuanian atãvaras ‘deep part of a river, deep pool, whirlpool; an unfrozen, open place in a river or lake; quagmire’ LKŽ I 294; Latvian atvars ‘the abyss, the depth in a river, the eddy, whirlpool; a deep place formed by a river and surrounded by shrubs’ LVV I 207.

At-esýs in Atesninkai village, Simnas district, Al; compare At-ēzas meadow in Užmelnýčis, Vrn; Latvian Ata lake, EnLV I 47; Prussian personal name Aete, TrPN 15: Lithuanian atīs ‘a soft-finned fish of the flounder family, rhombus maximus’ LKŽ I; Latvian āte ‘rhombus maximus’; see BgRR II 299, FrLEW 21. Suffix -esja-.

Aud-r-èlis in Rudeliai village, Ragelai district, Rk; compare Ald-rà || Aud-rà river in Jūžintai, Rk, Aud-r-uvė river in Iñš, derivative Aud-r-inis; Latvian Aud-r-uve river, Aūd-r-up-(j)i small lake, EnLV I 50: Lithuanian audra || aldra ‘storm’; see FrLEW 6. Compare also Aud-ēnis lake, Ign.

Aud-ēnis in Ožionys village, Ign; compare Aud-upė in Nemunėlio Radviliškis, Brž, Aud-iniai village in Užv, Aud-en-ėlė stream in Tverečius, Ign, derivative Aud-ēnis; Latvian Aūda small lake, Audēns small lake, EnLV I 49–50; Prussian Aude, Audda field, GerON 13: Lithuanian aūdenis, audinis ‘winter wind’ LKŽ I 374–5. Compare also Lithuanian aud-rà and hydronyms: Aud-rà river in Jūžintai, Rk; Audrelis lake, Rk; see WÜW I 222.

Au(j)-ēdas (locally Aujiedas) in Žiežmariai, Kš; compare Au(j)-ēdà (locally Aujiedà || Spengla river in the same area; Latvian Aūjas-plava, EnLV I 53; Prussian hydronym Azw-eidin, GerON 14, personal names Awyorth, Auw-yot, Au-yot, TrPN 15. Suffix -ēda-; see SkŽD 100.

Aūk-rakštis in Daugai village, Al; compare Aukãi meadow in Surviliškis, Kd, Aūkai meadow in Antanašė, Rk, Aukūpė stream in Taučiūnai district, Kd, derivative Auk-ūnas; Latvian Aukas small lake, Aūkas small lake, Aūkas-ežers, EnLV I 53; Prussian Auco, Aucken, GerON 12: Lithuanian aukà. Compare, for the second component, Rakšt-ėliai lake at Rakšteliai village, Ign; Rakščioji swamp in Pagranda village, Bikėnai district, Zr, meadow at Meškaraištis, Lzd; Rākščios forest in Papiškiai village, Suginčiai district, Mlt, meadow in Kapčiamiestis, Lzd; Rākš(t)-daubis river in Laukuva; Rākšt-uoĭs meadow in Andriūnai village, Daugai district, Al; Rakšt-ulė meadow in Bajorai village, Musteikiai district, Ut; Prussian Raxite, Raxow; see GerON 140: Lithuanian rakštis ‘pit, grave’, rãkti ‘to dig, excavate’ BgRR II 195; Latvian rakt ‘to dig’.

Aukšl-inis 1. in Aukšlinė village, Bagdononys district, Vvs; 2. lake in Kaltanėnai district, Švnč: Lithuanian aukštlė ‘bleak, surface-swimming fish’ LKŽ I 393; Latvian aukšlēja (aūslēja) LVV I 223; Russian уклейка ‘Alburnus lucidus’. Suffix -inįa-.

Aukšta-giris in Akmenynai district, Klvr: aukštà + girìa.

Aukšta-kalnis < Aukšta-kalniai village in Diviliškiai district, Lzd: aūkštas + kálnas.

Aukšta-kalnių ežeras <Aukšta-kalniai village in Mickūnai district, Rk. Compare Aukštā-kalnis.

Aukšl-kalnių ežeras < Aukšl-kalniai village in Parvalkai district, Ps. Compare derivative Aukšl-kalnis. For the linking vowel -i-, see SkŽD 419. Compare Aukštā-kalnis.

Aus-ièn-iškių ežeras<Aus-ièn-iškės village, Vvs; compare derivatives: Aus-eikà, Aus-iējus, Aus-iōnis. Suffix -ienja- + -iškė.

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Aũslas Lake Aũslo in Girsių eldership, Zr. Cf. Latvian aũsl-eja ‘bleak, alburnus lucidus’ LVV I 227; cf. Aukš-linis Lake.

Av-ik-inis Joniškis Nmč., cf. Avikinės village, Kegų village, Janapolė eldership, Varn; Latvian av-ik-inė ‘sheepfold, sheep pen’ LKŽ I 425.

Avil-ãitis Kovališkių eldership, Zr. See Avilys Lake. Suffix -aitja-.

Avilỹs||Aviliai Imbradas eldership, Zr, cf. Avilà marsh near Vaškučiai, Degučiai eldership, Zr; Avil-ėliai village, Juknėnai eldership, Ut; Avil-ikỹs marsh, Stebuliai village, Teizai eldership, Lzd, stream Avil-tis; also Aulė river, Kl LWK 68, Aul-amas river, Pn; Latvian Aulà lake, Aũli village, Aũleni village. En LVV I 53: Lithuanian aũlas; aulỹs || avilỹs; Latvian aũlis, aũle, avelis ‘beehive’, aũrins ‘nest box’. Lithuanian avilýs is remodeled from aulio on the model of derivatives with -ila-, -ilja-; see LsBN 483, SkŽD 181. The meanings of cognates in other Indo-European languages may explain the semantics of place names containing this root: Greek αὐλός ‘tube, flute, tube-shaped body’, αὐλών ‘ravine, valley’, Slavic ulica ‘street’, Norwegian dialect aul ‘pipe, stalk’; Indo-European * aulo-s ‘long hollow, pipe’; see Fr LEW 25. WIVW I 25.

Avi-n-ėlis Lake, Runionys village, Alanta eldership, Mlt; cf. Av-in-ėlis river, Tl; Av-in-upis river, Židikai Mžk; Av-in-iškė river, Šilavotas Prn; Latvian Aveni || Avini village. EnLV I 58 cites Av-yne-medien GerON 14. Lithuanian ãvinas, Latvian avins, avens: Prussian awims. Suffix -ėlja-.

Av-in-úostas Maniuliškiai village, Samaniai eldership, Zr; cf. river Av-in-úosta in the same place; see Avinėlis; avinas + suffix -uosta-; see SkŽD 372, cf. Grab-uosta river, Mlt.

Av-in-uost-ėlis Gruodiškiai village, Baibiai eldership, Zr; cf. Avinėliostas. Suffix -ėlja-.

Av-iris Leipalingis eldership, Lzd; river Av-ire in the same place, flows into the Nemunas. Suffix (?) -irja-.

Ažãgis Vilkanastrai village, Didžiasalis eldership, Lzd. K. Būga (RR II 100) associates it with Prussian assegis ‘Bartsch’ and Lithuanian ėžegỹs ‘ruffe, acerina cernua’, and regards it as Yotvingian; cf. Lithuanian Ažagis || Ažagỹs river, Šd; Ažag-ėlė river, Smilgiai Šd; Prussian Asege-wad lake, GerON 11.

Ažù-balių ežeras <Ažù-baliai village, Obeliai eldership, Pnd; prefix ažu- + balà. Cf. Ažù-baliai village, Rk, Kp, Mlt, Kvr.

Ažù-kalnis Želva village, Mikėnai eldership, Zr; prefix ažù- + kálnas. Cf. Ažù-kalniai village, Tabariškiai eldership, Šlčn; Už-kalniai village, Al, Klvr, stream, Už-kalnis.

Ažuol-inis Vajasiškis II village, Baibiai eldership, Zr; cf. Ažuol-upis Vlki, Jnš: ąžuolas ‘oak’ + suffix -inja-.

Ažũo-žerių ežeras (<Ažù-ažerių) < Ažùožeriai village, An.; prefix -ažù- + ãžeras ‘lake’, cf. Pa-ežerių ežeras VIkv.

Až-vìntis Ažvinčiai village, Salakas, Zr. K. Būga (Ž CXXIX), associating it with Ventà river, Mžk, and Ventė village, Kintai eldership, Šlu, derives it from *Až-véntis, and further connects it with the Baltic root vėnt- ‘bend, curve’, found in appellatives: Lithuanian vénteris, ven-terỹs, Latvian vénteris, Old English windel ‘basket’, Gothic wandus ‘rod’, Indo-European * ṷendh- ‘bend, twist’ Bg RR II 325. Cf. also Lithuanian Vint-arà (< Ventara?) river, Pabaiskas, Ukm; Prussian Winerinen GerON 203. Prefix až-.

NAMES OF LAKES OF THE LITHUANIAN SSR

Б. И. САВУКИНАС

Summary

This article, which offers etymological interpretations of lake names, is part of a more extensive work on Lithuanian lake names currently in preparation.

After comparison with the corresponding Lithuanian, Latvian, and Prussian proper names, the lake names are also connected with Baltic common nouns. Where the material from the Baltic languages does not sufficiently explain the semantics of a lake name, vocabulary from other Indo-European languages is also drawn upon.

The article explains about 140 lake names, that is, almost all Lithuanian lake names beginning with the letter A.