1
Table 1. All published Commo io co dis spo s cases (1980 – 2024)
Au ho
Yea
Desc ip ion
# o Cases and Ca ego y
Sho e e
al. (1)
2024
Commo io co dis cases om a hle es in he
USA om 1982-2023; 34 a al and 30 non-
a al. Female cases a e 2 O he , and 2 Socce .
17 cases aged 11-15, 26 cases aged 16-18, 5
cases aged 19-21, 4 cases aged 22+, 12 cases
age is unknown.
20 Baseball, 17 Lac osse,
13 Foo ball, 12 O he , 2
Socce
Ma on e
al. (2)
2023
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 24-yea -
old male NFL playe om a oo ball ackle
1 Foo ball
Spi ale e
al. (3)
2023
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 32-yea -
old male socce playe
1 Socce
Ma on e
al. (4)
2023
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in an 18-
yea -old male baske ball playe
1 Baske ball
Egge e
al. (5)
2022
Fa al Commo io co dis case se ies o 14 cases
om 2014 o 2018 (96% male). Ages
unknown.
14 Socce
Casula e
al. (6)
2022
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 22-yea -
old male playing socce
1 Socce
Alkhamisi
e al. (7)
2021
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 20-yea -
old male playing baske ball
1 Baske ball
Coope e
al. (8)
2019
Fa al Commo io co dis case se ies, 5 male
ic ims in c icke , 5 male ic ims in socce ,
and 1 12-yea -old emale ic im in ugby.
Ages a e 12, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24,
and 47.
5 C icke , 5 Socce , 1
Rugby
Connellan
e al. (9)
2019
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 13-yea -
old eenage boy om a slio a
1 O he
Bugeja e
al. (10)
2018
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 14-yea -
old male doing a some saul
1 O he
Da ey e
al. (11)
2018
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 16-yea -
old male playing socce
1 Socce
Zelde z e
al. (12)
2018
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 35-yea -
old male socce playe
1 Socce
2
K exi e
al. (13)
2018
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 16-yea -old
male playing oo ball
1 Foo ball
Jones e al.
(14)
2017
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 15-yea -
old male playing lac osse
1 Lac osse
Ali e al.
(15)
2017
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 12-yea -
old male while skiing
1 O he
Ludmi e
al. (16)
2016
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 9-yea -
old male playing baseball
1 Baseball
Chen e al.
(17)
2016
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 32-yea -
old male playing baske ball
1 Baske ball
Spence e
al. (18)
2015
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 25-yea -
old male playing c icke
1 C icke
O a e al.
(19)
2015
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 16-yea -
old male oo ball playe
1 Foo ball
Alp e al.
(20)
2015
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 12-yea -
old emale playing oo ball
1 Foo ball
Ma on e
al. (21)
2015
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 14-yea -
old male being s uck wi h a ennis ball illed
wi h coins
1 O he
Ma on e
al. (22)
2013
113 a al (a e age age o 16), and 54 non-
a al (a e age age o 14) Commo io co dis
cases in spo (95% male).
84 Baseball, 18 Foo ball,
13 Hockey, 2 Ka a e, 13
Lac osse, 6 Socce , 18
So ball, 13 O he
Thaka e
al. (23)
2012
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 23-yea -
old male playing socce
1 Socce
Solbe g e
al. (24)
2011
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a male
socce playe . Age unknown.
1 Socce
Dougles e
al. (25)
2011
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 33-yea -old
male c icke playe
1 C icke
Ngai e al.
(26)
2010
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 14-yea -
old male ugby playe
1 Rugby
3
Be kson e
al. (27)
2010
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 17-yea -
old male baseball playe
1 Baseball
Sha ma e
al. (28)
2009
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 22-yea -old
male so ball playe
1 So ball
Lue e al.
(29)
2008
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 14-yea -
old male baseball playe
1 Baseball
Salib e al.
(30)
2005
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 13-yea -
old male baseball playe
1 Baseball
Pea ce e
al. (31)
2005
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 17-yea -
old male hockey playe
1 Hockey
Ma on e
al. (32)
2005
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 22-yea -old
male lac osse playe
1 Lac osse
Koehle e
al. (33)
2004
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 32-yea -old
male so ball playe
1 So ball
Thako e e
al. (34)
2000
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 19-yea -old
male playing socce
1 Socce
Wang e
al. (35)
2000
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 7-yea -
old male
1 Baseball
Deady e
al. (36)
1999
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 15-yea -old
male hockey playe
1 Hockey
Me a e al.
(37)
1998
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 17-yea -
old male di ing in o a olleyball pos in a
game
1 O he
Link e al.
(38)
1998
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a 14-yea -
old male playing oo ball
1 Foo ball
Ma on e
al. (39)
1997
3 Non- a al Commo io co dis cases, 2 in
baseball wi h a 14-yea -old male and a 12-
yea -old male, and 1 in so ball wi h a 29-
yea -old male
2 Baseball, 1 So ball
Kaplan e
al. (40)
1993
2 Fa al Commo io co dis cases in hockey wi h
2 15-yea -old males
2 Hockey
Ab unzo
e al. (41)
1991
1 Fa al and 1 Non- a al Commo io co dis
case. Fa al in a 10-yea -old male playing
2 Baseball
4
baseball, and non- a al in he 11-yea -old
male
Edlich e
al. (42)
1987
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 14-yea -old
male lac osse playe
1 Lac osse
F aze e
al. (43)
1984
2 Fa al Commo io co dis cases, 1 in an 11-
yea -old male playing baseball, 1 in a 17-
yea -old male boxing wi h iends
1 Baseball, 1 O he
G een e
al. (44)
1980
2 Fa al Commo io co dis cases in males
playing so ball, ages 20 and 28.
2 So ball
5
Table 2. All published non-spo ing Commo io co dis cases (1984-2024)
Au ho
Yea
Desc ip ion
# o Cases and Ca ego y
Hanna e al. (45)
2023
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
67-yea -old male due o an MVA
1 MVA
Goncal es e al.
(46)
2022
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
35-yea -old male due o iolence
1 Violence
Humble e al. (47)
2021
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
17-yea -old emale due o iolence
1 Violence
Solano e al. (48)
2020
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
13-yea -old emale due o an MVA
1 MVA
Coope e al. (8)
2019
4 Fa al Commo io co dis cases, 2 due
o iolence in a 15-yea -old male, and
a 21-yea -old male. 1 case in a 9-yea -
old male om a ho se kick, and 1 case
in a 12-yea -old male om a swing
2 Violence, 2 Daily
ac i i y
K exi e al. (13)
2018
2 Fa al Commo io co dis cases, 1 in a
38-yea -old male due o iolence, 1 in
a 23-yea -old male due o play
igh ing
1 Violence, 1 Daily
ac i i y
Rude e al. (49)
2016
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
13-yea -old male due o iolence
1 Violence
Mu e al. (50)
2015
37 Fa al and 2 non- a al Commo io
co dis cases in 37 males and 2 emales
due o iolence
39 Violence
Mon gome y e
al. (51)
2015
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
22-yea -old male due o p ojec ile
ejec ed om lawnmowe
1 Daily ac i i y
Hique e al. (52)
2014
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 20-
yea -old emale due o a all
1 Daily ac i i y
Jo e al. (53)
2014
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
20-yea -old male due o MVA
1 MVA
6
Mu phy e al. (54)
2014
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
43-yea -old male due o iolence
1 Violence
Ca lson e al. (55)
2013
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
33-yea -old male due o acciden al
ches blow om i e ex inguishe
1 Daily ac i i y
Zheng e al. (56)
2013
2 Fa al Commo io co dis cases in wo
15-yea -old males due o iolence
2 Violence
Ma on e al. (22)
2013
43 Fa al and 6 non- a al Commo io
co dis cases in day- o-day ac i i ies
49 Daily ac i i y
Zheng e al. (57)
2012
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 19-
yea -old male due o iolence
1 Violence
Fuji a e al. (58)
2011
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
2-yea -old emale due o a all
1 Daily ac i i y
Wong e al. (59)
2011
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
27-yea -old male due o iolence
1 Violence
Yeh e al. (60)
2010
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
17-yea -male in ol ed in an MVA
1 MVA
Ku suka a e al.
(61)
2010
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
6-yea -old emale due o MVA
1 MVA
Tibballs e al. (62)
2008
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
2-yea -old male due o a all
1 Daily ac i i y
Miyazaki e al.
(63)
2008
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 15-
yea -old male due o MVA
1 MVA
Lucena e al. (64)
2008
Fa al Commo io co dis case o a 20-
yea -old male due o iolence
1 Violence
Tome e al. (65)
2006
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
4-yea -old male om an MVA
1 MVA
Hamil on e al.
(66)
2005
3 Fa al Commo io co dis cases in a
31-yea -old male, 26-yea -old male,
and a 22-yea -old male all due o
iolence
3 Violence
7
Lee e al. (67)
2005
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
14-mon h-old male du ing a all
1 Daily ac i i y
Bake e al. (68)
2003
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 7-
week-old male due o iolence
1 Violence
Thako e e al.
(34)
2000
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 15-
yea -old male om iolence
1 Violence
Den on e al. (69)
2000
2 Fa al Commo io co dis cases in a 3-
yea -old male and 14-mon h-old male
due o iolence
2 Violence
Boglioli e al. (70)
1998
Fa al Commo io co dis case in a 2-
yea -old male om iolence
1 Violence
Me a e al. (37)
1998
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
36-yea -old male due o MVA
1 MVA
Michalodimi akis
e al. (71)
1997
2 Fa al Commo io co dis cases om
MVA’s. 34-yea -old male and 21-
yea -old male
2 MVA
C own e al. (72)
1997
Non- a al Commo io co dis case in a
38-yea -old male in an MVA
1 MVA
Co e e al. (73)
1996
1 Fa al, 1 Non- a al Commo io co dis
case in 2 MVA’s. Fa al case in a 16-
yea -old male, non- a al case in a 21-
yea -old male
2 MVA
F aze e al. (43)
1984
2 Fa al Commo io co dis cases, 1 in an
18-yea -old male om iolence, 1 in
a 20-yea -old male in an MVA
1 Violence, 1 MVA
8
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