Global Repository of Sporting and Non-Sporting Events in Commotio cordis 1980-2024

1 Table 1. All published Commotio cordis sports cases (1980 – 2024) Author Year Description # of Cases and Category Shore et al. (1) 2024 Commotio cordis cases from athletes in the USA from 1982-2023; 34 fatal and 30 nonfatal. Female cases are 2 Other, and 2 Soccer. 17 cases aged 11-15, 26 cases aged 16-18, 5 cases aged 19-21, 4 cases aged 22+, 12 cases age is unknown. 20 Baseball, 17 Lacrosse, 13 Football, 12 Other, 2 Soccer Maron et al. (2) 2023 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 24-yearold male NFL player from a football tackle 1 Football Spitaler et al. (3) 2023 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 32-yearold male soccer player 1 Soccer Maron et al. (4) 2023 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in an 18year-old male basketball player 1 Basketball Egger et al. (5) 2022 Fatal Commotio cordis case series of 14 cases from 2014 to 2018 (96% male). Ages unknown. 14 Soccer Casula et al. (6) 2022 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 22-yearold male playing soccer 1 Soccer Alkhamisi et al. (7) 2021 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 20-yearold male playing basketball 1 Basketball Cooper et al. (8) 2019 Fatal Commotio cordis case series, 5 male victims in cricket, 5 male victims in soccer, and 1 12-year-old female victim in rugby. Ages are 12, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, and 47. 5 Cricket, 5 Soccer, 1 Rugby Connellan et al. (9) 2019 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 13-yearold teenage boy from a sliotar 1 Other Bugeja et al. (10) 2018 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 14-yearold male doing a somersault 1 Other Davey et al. (11) 2018 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 16-yearold male playing soccer 1 Soccer Zeldetz et al. (12) 2018 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 35-yearold male soccer player 1 Soccer 2 Krexi et al. (13) 2018 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 16-year-old male playing football 1 Football Jones et al. (14) 2017 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 15-yearold male playing lacrosse 1 Lacrosse Ali et al. (15) 2017 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 12-yearold male while skiing 1 Other Ludmir et al. (16) 2016 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 9-yearold male playing baseball 1 Baseball Chen et al. (17) 2016 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 32-yearold male playing basketball 1 Basketball Spencer et al. (18) 2015 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 25-yearold male playing cricket 1 Cricket Ota et al. (19) 2015 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 16-yearold male football player 1 Football Alp et al. (20) 2015 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 12-yearold female playing football 1 Football Maron et al. (21) 2015 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 14-yearold male being struck with a tennis ball filled with coins 1 Other Maron et al. (22) 2013 113 fatal (average age of 16), and 54 nonfatal (average age of 14) Commotio cordis cases in sport (95% male). 84 Baseball, 18 Football, 13 Hockey, 2 Karate, 13 Lacrosse, 6 Soccer, 18 Softball, 13 Other Thakar et al. (23) 2012 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 23-yearold male playing soccer 1 Soccer Solberg et al. (24) 2011 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a male soccer player. Age unknown. 1 Soccer Dougles et al. (25) 2011 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 33-year-old male cricket player 1 Cricket Ngai et al. (26) 2010 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 14-yearold male rugby player 1 Rugby 3 Berkson et al. (27) 2010 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 17-yearold male baseball player 1 Baseball Sharma et al. (28) 2009 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 22-year-old male softball player 1 Softball Lue et al. (29) 2008 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 14-yearold male baseball player 1 Baseball Salib et al. (30) 2005 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 13-yearold male baseball player 1 Baseball Pearce et al. (31) 2005 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 17-yearold male hockey player 1 Hockey Maron et al. (32) 2005 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 22-year-old male lacrosse player 1 Lacrosse Koehler et al. (33) 2004 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 32-year-old male softball player 1 Softball Thakore et al. (34) 2000 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 19-year-old male playing soccer 1 Soccer Wang et al. (35) 2000 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 7-yearold male 1 Baseball Deady et al. (36) 1999 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 15-year-old male hockey player 1 Hockey Mera et al. (37) 1998 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 17-yearold male diving into a volleyball post in a game 1 Other Link et al. (38) 1998 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 14-yearold male playing football 1 Football Maron et al. (39) 1997 3 Non-fatal Commotio cordis cases, 2 in baseball with a 14-year-old male and a 12year-old male, and 1 in softball with a 29year-old male 2 Baseball, 1 Softball Kaplan et al. (40) 1993 2 Fatal Commotio cordis cases in hockey with 2 15-year-old males 2 Hockey Abrunzo et al. (41) 1991 1 Fatal and 1 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case. Fatal in a 10-year-old male playing 2 Baseball 4 baseball, and non-fatal in the 11-year-old male Edlich et al. (42) 1987 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 14-year-old male lacrosse player 1 Lacrosse Frazer et al. (43) 1984 2 Fatal Commotio cordis cases, 1 in an 11year-old male playing baseball, 1 in a 17year-old male boxing with friends 1 Baseball, 1 Other Green et al. (44) 1980 2 Fatal Commotio cordis cases in males playing softball, ages 20 and 28. 2 Softball 5 Table 2. All published non-sporting Commotio cordis cases (1984-2024) Author Year Description # of Cases and Category Hanna et al. (45) 2023 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 67-year-old male due to an MVA 1 MVA Goncalves et al. (46) 2022 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 35-year-old male due to violence 1 Violence Humble et al. (47) 2021 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 17-year-old female due to violence 1 Violence Solano et al. (48) 2020 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 13-year-old female due to an MVA 1 MVA Cooper et al. (8) 2019 4 Fatal Commotio cordis cases, 2 due to violence in a 15-year-old male, and a 21-year-old male. 1 case in a 9-yearold male from a horse kick, and 1 case in a 12-year-old male from a swing 2 Violence, 2 Daily activity Krexi et al. (13) 2018 2 Fatal Commotio cordis cases, 1 in a 38-year-old male due to violence, 1 in a 23-year-old male due to play fighting 1 Violence, 1 Daily activity Rudert et al. (49) 2016 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 13-year-old male due to violence 1 Violence Mu et al. (50) 2015 37 Fatal and 2 non-fatal Commotio cordis cases in 37 males and 2 females due to violence 39 Violence Montgomery et al. (51) 2015 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 22-year-old male due to projectile ejected from lawnmower 1 Daily activity Hiquet et al. (52) 2014 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 20year-old female due to a fall 1 Daily activity Jo et al. (53) 2014 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 20-year-old male due to MVA 1 MVA 6 Murphy et al. (54) 2014 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 43-year-old male due to violence 1 Violence Carlson et al. (55) 2013 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 33-year-old male due to accidental chest blow from fire extinguisher 1 Daily activity Zheng et al. (56) 2013 2 Fatal Commotio cordis cases in two 15-year-old males due to violence 2 Violence Maron et al. (22) 2013 43 Fatal and 6 non-fatal Commotio cordis cases in day-to-day activities 49 Daily activity Zheng et al. (57) 2012 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 19year-old male due to violence 1 Violence Fujita et al. (58) 2011 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 2-year-old female due to a fall 1 Daily activity Wong et al. (59) 2011 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 27-year-old male due to violence 1 Violence Yeh et al. (60) 2010 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 17-year-male involved in an MVA 1 MVA Kutsukata et al. (61) 2010 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 6-year-old female due to MVA 1 MVA Tibballs et al. (62) 2008 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 2-year-old male due to a fall 1 Daily activity Miyazaki et al. (63) 2008 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 15year-old male due to MVA 1 MVA Lucena et al. (64) 2008 Fatal Commotio cordis case of a 20year-old male due to violence 1 Violence Tome et al. (65) 2006 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 4-year-old male from an MVA 1 MVA Hamilton et al. (66) 2005 3 Fatal Commotio cordis cases in a 31-year-old male, 26-year-old male, and a 22-year-old male all due to violence 3 Violence 7 Lee et al. (67) 2005 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 14-month-old male during a fall 1 Daily activity Baker et al. (68) 2003 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 7week-old male due to violence 1 Violence Thakore et al. (34) 2000 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 15year-old male from violence 1 Violence Denton et al. (69) 2000 2 Fatal Commotio cordis cases in a 3year-old male and 14-month-old male due to violence 2 Violence Boglioli et al. (70) 1998 Fatal Commotio cordis case in a 2year-old male from violence 1 Violence Mera et al. (37) 1998 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 36-year-old male due to MVA 1 MVA Michalodimitrakis et al. (71) 1997 2 Fatal Commotio cordis cases from MVA’s. 34-year-old male and 21year-old male 2 MVA Crown et al. (72) 1997 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in a 38-year-old male in an MVA 1 MVA Cotter et al. (73) 1996 1 Fatal, 1 Non-fatal Commotio cordis case in 2 MVA’s. Fatal case in a 16year-old male, non-fatal case in a 21year-old male 2 MVA Frazer et al. (43) 1984 2 Fatal Commotio cordis cases, 1 in an 18-year-old male from violence, 1 in a 20-year-old male in an MVA 1 Violence, 1 MVA 8 References 1. Shore E, Moseley GA, DeLong R, Register-Mihalik J, Drezner JA, Dickey GJ, et al. Incidents and patterns of Commotio cordis among athletes in the USA from 1982 to 2023. 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