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THE POLITICAL AND ETHNIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHAYBONI
PEOPLE
Tu diye Ilyos Ulugbek ugli
Sama kand S a e Uni e si y named a e Sha o Rashido i
E-mail:ilyos u diye [email protected]
ANNOTATION
Be o e he Shaybanid s a e es ablished i s ule in he oases be ween he Amu Da ya
and Sy da ya i e s, including he Jizzakh oasis, he main poli ical and e hnic p ocesses
associa ed wi h he Shaybanid dynas y ook place in he eas e n pa o he Dash i-
Kipchak - he middle and lowe basins o he Sy da ya, he U als, Wes e n Sibe ia and
Balkhash. The ibes and peoples li ing in hese egions, such as he "Kung'i a ",
"Man'i ", "Naiman", "Bu gu ", "Qa luq", and "Boy ak", played a signi ican ole in he
poli ical ac i i ies o Genghis' ule s.
In oduc ion. Du ing he eign o Muhammad Shaybani Khan and his descendan s,
hey mig a ed o he Amu Da ya-Sy Da ya in e lu e and adjacen e i o ies, c ea ing
he basis o he eme gence o dozens o e hno oponyms associa ed wi h he name "92-
bowl Uzbek ibe" in a numbe o oases o Cen al Asia, including he Jizzakh oasis
and i s componen s.
Main pa . The Shaybanid dynas y (1501-1601), which b ough abou majo changes
in he e hnic composi ion o he popula ion o he Cen al Asian egion, g ew up in he
poli ical en i onmen o he Blue Ho de, and he eme gence o his dynas y was
associa ed wi h he middle and lowe basins o he Sy da ya Ri e , ha is, he e i o ies
o he Eas e n S eppe Kipchak. The s a e o Abulkhai Khan (Uzbek ulus - 1428-1468),
which s e ched om he Lowe Volga basin in he no heas o he Caspian Sea o
Wes e n Sibe ia and Lake Balkhash in he eas , and whose co e e i o ies we e he
Middle Sy da ya basins, was inhabi ed by hund eds o Tu kic and Tu kicized Mongol
clans, who mig a ed ac oss hese as e i o ies.
Abulkhai Khan was a descendan o Shayban, he 5 h son o Jochi, and acco ding o
w i en sou ces, a e his a he died, he wen o his g and a he Genghis Khan wi h his
b o he s O da-Ijan and Ba u. Genghis Khan o de ed Ba u o build he "Whi e Ho de
wi h he Golden Th eshold", and O da-Ijan o build he "Blue Ho de wi h he Sil e
Th eshold", while Shayban ecei ed he o de o build he "G ay Ho de wi h he S eel
Th eshold". The b o he s e u ned o Dash i Kipchak om Genghis Khan's p esence
and, o his dedica ion in comple ely conque ing his land, his b o he Sayin Khan
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(Ba u) ga e Shaybon he "Kushchi", "Qa luq", "Bey ak" (kidney) and "Naiman" ibes
along wi h 10 housand nomadic people, saying, "All he lands be ween me and my
b o he , he Ho de-Ijan possessions a e you s. In he summe , om he I giz, Sa uk,
O and Ilek i e s o he U al Moun ains, in he win e , win e in he Ka akum, O akum
s eppes and he Sy da ya, Sa ysu and lowe eaches o he Chu i e s." These
e i o ies we e gi en o him.
The ounde o he Boz-O da, Shayban Khan, had 12 sons: Baynal, Bahodi , Qadak,
Balqa, Chi ik, Me gan, Ku qa, Ayochi, Sayilga , Sancha , Maja , and Kuyinchi. When
Shayban Khan died, his second son, Bahodi , became he khan o he Shayban ulus
(Boz-O da). He had sons named Jochi-Buga and Ku luk-Buga, and a e he dea h o
Bahodi Khan, his eldes son Jochi-Buga ook o e he eign. Jochi-Buga had 4 sons
named Bodakul, Bek-Temu , Yangicha (Nikcha ), and Yisun-Buga. A e he dea h
o Jochi-Buga, his eldes son Bodaqul became he ule o he Shayban ulus in his place.
He had one son, whose name was Ming-Temu . When Bodaqulkhan died, his p ince
ook his place. Ming-Temu had 6 sons, and Abulgozi Bakhodi khan gi es he
ollowing in o ma ion abou hem: “Elpak (Ibak), Jan a, Pulod, Se inch Timu ,
Tungabek, Kundi. A e his a he Ming Temu died, his son Pulod succeeded him. He
had wo sons, Ib ahim and A abshah. The Uzbeks call bo h o hem Abyo A ab.”
The ime o Pulod Khan's ule in he Shayban ulus coincides wi h he yea s when
he ule o he descendan s o Ba u Khan ended in he Whi e Ho de (Golden Ho de) in
1359. A e Pulod Khan died, he Shayban ulus was uled by Ilik (Ilg'aq) son o Ming-
Temu (Malik-Temu ) son Qonboy. The yea s o his ule coincided wi h he eign o
U us Khan (1368-1375), ano he son o Jochi, who was om he lineage o Toqai-
Temu . Pa o he Shayban ulus, including he middle basin o he Sy da ya, had
al eady passed in o he hands o he descendan s (dynas y) o Toqai-Temu . When
Tokh amysh Khan (1380-1395), a membe o he Togay-Temu dynas y, asked Qanboy
o help agains Mamai, a membe o he Qiya clan, his ule o he Shayban ulus did
no help him.
Tokh amysh Khan ecei ed help om Qanboy's cousin, Pulod Khan's son A ab-Oglan,
and a e elimina ing Mamai in 1381, he eplaced Qanboy on he h one o he Shayban
ulus.
Bo h sons o Pulod Khan - A ab-Oglan (A abshah) and Ib ahim (Ayba) join ly uled
he Shayban ulus. A e hem, Qanboy Khan's son Mahmudak Khoja ook o e he ule
o his ulus, de ea ing he powe ul "Kungi a " and "Sijuu " dis ic s o he Tu a egion
in Wes e n Sibe ia, and his egion became his co e e i o y. A e Abulkhai , he
g andson o Ib ahim (Ayba), he son o Tugli-Shaykh (Da la -Shaykh), ough and
killed his uncle Mahmudak Khoja, he ule o he Shayban ulus passed o Abulkhai .
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A e Mahmudak Khoja ma ied his widow Janaq Beg, his poli ical in luence inc eased
e en mo e. Because Janaq Beg was om he "mangi " clan, and ep esen a i es o his
clan we e one o he la ges Tu ko-Mongol clans in he Dash i-Kipchak.
Bo n in 1413 and dying in 1469, Abulkhai Khan uled o 40 yea s be ween 1428 and
1468, es ablishing he Abulkhai Khan Ho de, also known as he "Uzbek ulus", in a
la ge pa o he Shayban ulus. He had 3 wi es, om whom he had 11 sons. F om he
"Bu ku " clan, Aganak bekadin Shah Budak and Khoja Muhammad (Khojagam), om
he "Kongi o " clan, Hayda , Sayid Baba, Sanja Sul an, Sheikh Ib ahim, Mi zo
Ulugbek's daugh e Rabiya Kho un Kuchkunchi, Se inkhozha and Ak-bu un Sul an
we e he sons o Abulkhai Khan.
Abulkhai Khan h ee imes seized he "Takh egion" - he main adminis a ion o he
Golden Ho de, and p eached se mons in his name in O du-baza . He seized a numbe
o e i o ies unde he con ol o he Timu ids - he Sy da ya basins. A e he dea h o
Abulkhai Khan, Yodgo Khan om he A ab-Oglon clan came o he head o he
Uzbek ulus, bu du ing his ule, his ulus became much weake , and mos o i s
e i o ies we e occupied by he Kazakh khans. Du ing he eign o Shaybak Khan
(Muhammad Shaybani Khan - 1500-1510), he g andson o Abulkhai Khan and son
o Shah Budak, he Uzbek ulus es o ed i s dominance, and a signi ican pa o he
Eas e n S eppe o he Kipchaks, he Middle Sy Da ya basin, he e i o y o he
Timu id Empi e - he Amuda ya - Sy Da ya in e lu e (Mo a unnah ), a la ge pa o
Kho asan, and he main e i o ies o he A ghan egion passed in o he hands o
nomadic Uzbeks.
A e he Sa a id ule o I an, Shah Ismail, killed Muhammad Shaybani Khan in 1510,
and he la e ule 's uncles and cousins, Kochkunchi Khan, Se inkhodja Khan,
Ubaydullah Khan, and o he s, main ained Shaybani ule in he middle and lowe
eaches o he Sy da ya, as well as in T ansoxiana, Shah Ismail appoin ed his ice oys
( ice oys) o Kho ezm. Howe e , sho ly a e ha , in 1515, Elba s Khan (1515-1525),
a descendan o he uling dynas y o he Shayban ulus (Uzbek ulus), came o Kho ezm
and expelled he I anian ice oys, and ano he b anch o he Shayban ulus es ablished
i s ule he e. Li e a u e
1. 1. Kashga i, Mahmud. Dic iona y o Tu kic Wo ds (De onu-lugo i - u k) /
T ansla o and edi o S. M. Mu allibo . 3 olumes. T. I. – Toshken : Fan, 1960. – B.
64, 314, 440.
2. Axmedo B. A. Историко-географическая литература Средней Азии XVI–
XVIII вв.: письменные памятники. Tashken : Fan, 1985. – S. 130-131.
3. 181. h p://www. sogdcoins. na od. u – Sogd coins
4. 180. h p://www. zeno. u – P e-IslamicCen alAsia, Sogd
5. Ka alı M. Ö emiş Hacı’ya Gö e Cuci Ulusu’nun a ihi. – S. 58-64
