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Online a : h ps:// esea ch endsjou nal.com ISSN No: 2584-282X
Indexed Jou nal Pee Re iewed Jou nal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRENDS IN EMERGING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Volume 3; Issue 6; 2025; Page No. 08-13
Recei ed: 04-08-2025
Accep ed: 16-09-2025
Published: 04-11-2025
XR Technologies, Bene i s and Challenges Faced in Educa ion Sec o : A
C i ical Analysis wi h e e ence o U ban Bengalu u
1D . Naga aja C and 2Anu adha GS
1Associa e P o esso , Depa men o Comme ce, GFGC-Yelahanka, Bengalu u, Ka na aka, India
2Associa e P o esso , Depa men o Comme ce, Go e nmen A s College, Bengalu u, Ka na aka, India
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17518656
Co esponding Au ho : D . Naga aja C
Abs ac
Pu pose: The p eeminen in en ion o he p esen esea ch is o know how a he demog aphics impac on he s udy o XR Technologies, o
Ex ended Reali y o C oss Reali y. Fu he , he s udy p obed abou he bene i s o XR echnology and challenges aced in highe educa ion.
The immedia e de elopmen s in he domain o educa ion is compelling and in ce ain cases o cing o conside and implemen la es
echnologies, me hods and p ac ices in o de o a ain highe quali y o educa ion. Highe educa ion ins i u ions ha e s a ed using XR
echnologies which consis o i ual, augmen ed and mixed eali y. XR echnologies has in ensi y he way people expe ience he physical
and i ual en i onmen s om obse a ions o imme sions (S ephanic Hai - Wan Chauah, 2019). XR echnologies has he po en ial o help
acul y and s uden s anscend he bounda ies o class oom by p o iding new a ie y o en i onmen s o p esen ing, deli e ing ins umen al
con en and lea ned expe ience (Cindy Zike e al., 2021). XR is in ensi ely de eloping echnology ha p o ides use ul ools o displaying
and in e ac ing wi h a ious in o ma ion (Gup a e al, 2023). One o he key a eas o applica ion is educa ion and aining (Wang e al.,
2024).
App oach: A well d a ed p e iously es ed ques ionnai e was adminis e ed as schedule in o de o a oid delay, incomple eness and
ejec ion. P ima y da a ga he ed by isi ing di e en colleges o di e en s eams. x2, Con ingency Co-e icien , Weigh ed A i hme ic mean
and Summa ed Sco e quan i a i e echniques we e pe o med o measu e he a ia ion and weigh age o opinions o s uden s.
Findings: The s udy ound ha all demog aphic p o iles showing signi ican a ia ion in he da a wi h high deg ee o ela ionship. The s udy
ound bene i s o XR Technologies like widens s uden pa icipa ion, engages all s uden s and enhances lea ning ac i i y. The s udy also
ound challenges o XR echnology ha includes lack o ained pe sonnel, inding discom o while lea ning imme si e VR and limi ed
a ailabili y o eady- o-use XR con en .
Keywo ds: Imme si e, challenge, bene i s, eye s ain, discom o , echnology, mul i-senso y, implemen , ela ionship, highe educa ion,
imme sion
In oduc ion
The concep s o Ex ended Reali y (XR) echnologies (XRs)
such as Vi ual Reali y (VR), Augmen ed Reali y (AR) and
Mixed Reali y (MR) oday is e y p omising echnological
ools o educa ion (Ahmed Alnag a e al. 2022) [1]. XR
echnologies is becoming mo e common in e e y day
wo king li e (Vasa aimen e al., 2021) [22]. These
echnologies a e use iendly and a ailabili ies o hese
echnologies g ow and in es in 3 echnologies a e o en
expec ed o widen bo h wo k and e iciency and
p oduc i i y (Du e al., 2018; S an on e al. 2020) [8, 20] and
adequa ely esea ch on hese echnologies also inc eased
(Radian i, e al. 2020) [17]. These echnologies a e no jus
impo an om indi iduals poin o iew, bu hey o en
ans o m ways o o ganising wo k and wo king oge he
(O likowski, 2007) [14]. The upcoming 5G allows he use s
o ans e big da a ins an ly and each success ul Compu ed
Radiog aphy (CR) con en means a huge echnical leap. AR
and VR can d ama ically imp o e he educa ional
expe ience o p o iding a compu e gene a ed 3D
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en i onmen ha can be explo ed and in e ac ed wi h he
s uden s. Educa o s should be looking o ways o le e age
exis ing ools o c ea e meaning ul in e ac ions using XR
echnologies while con inuing o explo e new oppo uni ies
ha ha e no ye been in en ed (Zike e al., 2021) [6]. They
c ea e new oppo uni ies o s uden s and eache s and assis
in he p esen a ion o con en s in he class oom a low cos
(Ahmed Alnag a , 2022) [1]. XR echnologies a e
ans o ming a ious ields including a ia ion, ma i ime
anspo logis ic, au onomous ehicles (AVs), pedes ian
sa e y and In elligen T anspo Sys em (ITS). Now XR
echnologies a e used in he a eas like pilo and d i e
aining, eal ime na iga ion assis ance and complex
simula ions o e ing solu ions o longs anding challenges in
anspo a ion sa e y, e iciency and decision making. Wi h
su icien suppo XR has he po en ial o help acul y and
s uden s anscend he limi s o class oom by p o iding new
ype o en i onmen o p esen ing and deli e ing
ins umen al con en and c ea ing lea ned expe ience (Cindy
Zukie e al., 2021) [26]. Uni e si ies can gene a e mo e
income when compa e o p ima y and seconda y schools
and many p i a e managemen s a e de eloping and adop ing
a ge cu iculum ha ollows XR echnologies in speci ic
domains like heal h, enginee ing and comme ce which helps
o p epa e he nex gene a ion o he ma ke . XR
echnologies desc ibe all eal and i ual conside ed
en i onmen s be ween human and compu e inpu (Ahmed
Jannah Ahmed Alphag an , 2022) [18].
S a emen o he p oblem
XR echnologies a e be e o enhancing ins uc ions and
lea ning expe iences in ou o classes and a be e sys em
hem adi ional educa ion sys em based on ememb ance
and boa d eaching which is la gely ollowed in +2 g ade,
deg ees and pos g adua ion. Some o he bes ins i u ions in
Bengalu u a emp ed o adop echnology based eaching a
he uni e si y le el. VR Simula ions ha e been shown o
p o ide e ec i e ins uc ions and ools ha can ans e so
skills o he class oom and wo kplace (Souza, V. e al.
2020) [19]. XR helps o educe he o e all cos and whe eas
he cogna e lea ning expe ience was expensi e in di e en
espec s. XR echnologies ouches wide audience o
lea ne s and o e newe oppo uni ies o he s uden s.
Resea che s conduc ed p e iously e eal ha he usage o
XR echnologies ha e link wi h imp o emen in s uden
academic pe o mance and mo i a ion, XR echnologies
imp o es he s uden s pe o mance and hence many p i a e
ins i u ions a e implemen ing he XR echnologies
labo a o y.
Re iew o Li e a u e
Ma yam Biognah e al. (2025) [13] s a ed ha ag icul u al
sec o con on s c i ical challenges like clima e change, o e
popula ion and esou ce sho age compelling u gen
inno a e solu ions. The esea che s u he , cla i ied ha XR
echnologies eme ged as a ans o ma i e echnology
o e ing g ound b eaking app oaches o la es a m
p ac ices. The s udy conduc s a ho ough li e a u e e iew o
explo e he in eg a ion o XR echnologies in ag icul u e,
li es ock a ming and aquacul u e. The analysis is e ealed
a signi ican inc ease in XR echnology adop ion o e he
p e ious wo yea s. The indings sugges ha XR
echnology can enhance p oduc i i y, imp o e aining
me hods and acili a e emo e collabo a ion.
The s udy by Baichuan Zeng (2025) [3] examine he cu en
s a e o XR echnology, i s applica ions ac oss a ious
domains, and explo es u u e di ec ions, wi h a pa icula
ocus on AI powe ed spa ial in elligence migh add ess
exis ing limi a ions and enable new capabili ies. The
analysis o amewo k componen s and showcasing
comme cial p oduc s, his s udy in ends o p o ide a
comp ehensi e e iew o whe e XR s ands oday and whe e
i migh be headed in he u u e. Fu he , he esea che
exp essed ha XR's applica ion span indus ies om
wo k o ce de elopmen and heal hca e o en e ainmen and
design, demons a ing hei e sa ili y in sol ing he eal
wo ld p oblem and c ea ing a new oppo uni ies o
inno a i e expe iences.
Resea ch pape del e in o he po en ial ad an ages and
di icul ies o suing XR echnology in enginee ing
educa ion. The pape also examines he ac o s in luencing
he accep ance and in en ion o con inue using XR in
eaching p ac ice om ins uc o s' iew poin s. The s udy
iden i ied 5 hemes ha a ec he use o XR in eaching
p ac ice. As pe he esea ch, p o essional de elopmen ,
echnical suppo , XR and in as uc u es a e c ucial
con ex ual ac o s ha posi i ely in luence he use XR in
eaching p ac ice. The pape s ess on he need o
add essing echnical and in as uc u e di icul ies and
p o iding adequa e p o essional de elopmen and social
suppo o acili a e.
Sen hil Kuma Jaga heesa Pe umal e al. (2022) [18]
conduc ed a su ey o e iew o XR solu ions and
associa ed challenges in educa ion, aining and skill
enhancemen in di e en ields h ough In e ne o
E e y hing (IoE) applica ions om he Me a e se
p ospec i e. The s udy highligh ed he impo an ideas
in ol ed in XR and 10E echnology as well as i al ea u es
inco po a ed o ob aining and skill enhancemen h ough
Me a e sa. The esea che s con ibu ion helps o know he
s a e o a ea u es o XR and 10E de ices and hei
applica ion capabili ies.
Valen in Kule o e al. (2021) [21] exp ess ha colleges,
uni e si ies and o he educa ional ins i u ions like Ed Tech
companies can gain compe i i e ad an age o e he i als.
These ins i u ions will ha e o implemen in o de o mee
he g owing demand o adop i e and pe sonalised
educa ion. Fu he , he esea che s a ed ha Y&2 g oup o
s uden s a e c i ical o highe educa ion ins i u ions and in
o de o add ess and sha ing he alues equi es he use o
XR echnologies on hei con en .
Ma e ils and Me hods
Da a Sou ce: The cu en esea ch wo k depends upon bo h
p ima y and seconda y da a. P ima y da a ga he ed by
p ope adminis a ion o p e iously known ques ionnai e.
In e iews held in a na u al condi ion i.e., in he di e en
college campuses. The seconda y sou ces include e-
jou nals, books and magazines.
Line o Analysis: The s udy is desc ip i e in na u e. x2,
con ingency co-e icien , weigh ed a i hme ic mean and
summa ed sco e we e pe o med.
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Pa icipan s: The pa icipan s o his p esen s udy belongs
o U ban Bengalu u's a eas like Yelahanka he upcoming
educa ion hub o Bengalu u, Basa anagudi, Indi anaga and
Jayanaga a ea in each a ea 25 s uden s o di e en s eams
and ha e me he necessa y da a was ga he ed. The s uden s
esponden s belongs o he s eams o gene al deg ee and
PG, Medical, Enginee ing, Cha e ed Accoun an s and cos
accoun an s.
Sample and sampling echnique: The sample o he s udy
is 100 and con enien sampling echnique is ollowed. The
sample esponden s om di e en s eams is shown below:
Deg ee and PG 61, Enginee ing 15, Medical 13, cha e ed
accoun an s 6, and cos accoun an s 5. All hese s uden s a e
s udying in di e en semes e s o hei selec ed s eams.
Su ey Ins umen : A well designed and p e- es ed
ques ionnai e was adminis e ed as schedule in addi ion o
Google o m ques ionnai e. Bo h a e well adminis e ed and
eminds we e sen o he s uden s o comple e he
ques ionnai e and o submi online and ga he ed
ques ionnai e which was used a schedule keeping in mind
he possible delay, incomple eness, ejec ion and ime
conscious o esponden s.
S udy a iable: Independen and dependen a iables
The selec ed demog aphics cons i u e he independen
a iable and XR echnologies becomes depended a iable.
All he bene i s and challenges and hei d i e s becomes
independen a iable in his s udy.
Objec i es
1. To s udy he impac o demog aphics p o ile o he
esponden s.
2. To analyse he bene i s o XR echnology.
3. To analyse he challenges aced by esponden s
s uden s o highe educa ion.
Hypo heses
1. The e exis no signi ican a ia ion in he demog aphics
o s uden esponden s and hence do no impac on he
s udy.
2. The e a e no bene i s om XR echnologies.
3. S uden s o highe educa ion is no acing any
challenges.
Resea ch ques ions
1. Wha a e he easons behind demog aphics no
impac ing on he s udy?
2. Wha a e he bene i s o XR echnology?
3. Wha a e he challenges aced by highe educa ion
s uden s a Bengalu u?
Limi a ion
1. The s udy is e y limi ed o selec colleges o
Bengalu u U ban.
2. The sample is small.
3. Any dependency on he s udy needs u he s udy.
Su ey Findings
Table 1 - di ulge he demog aphics o highe educa ion
s uden s. The e a e 21 males and 79 emale s uden s and ou
o 100, 19 only ma ied and 81 emained single. The age
de ails e eal ha 61 s uden s belong o 22-26 yea s
ollowed by 35 be ween 18-22 yea s and 4>26 yea s. The
educa ion s a us o s uden del e ha 35 a e s udying
deg ee, 26 PG 15 enginee ing, 13 medical, 6 cha e ed
accoun an s and 5 cos accoun an s. The amily income
e eal ha 38 amily membe s all in he ange o 40K-50K
pe mon h ollowed by 22 in be ween 50K-60K, 18>60K, 15
in be ween 30K-40K, 4 be ween 20K-30K and 3 in be ween
10K-20K. 80 a e isi ing lib a y, 81 a e pa icipa ing XR
echnology con e ences and web semina s. All he
demog aphics a e highly signi ican ly a ying wi h high
deg ee o ela ionship.
Table - 2 p oclaim abou bene i s o XR echnology. To
measu e he bene i s weigh ed a i hme ic mean was
pe o med. Like 3 poin scale wi h co esponding weigh s
we e conside ed o he s udy. The opinions o s uden s is
de ined as and weigh s as "w". The sum o " w" is di ided
by sum o "w" i.e., 3 + 2 + 1 = 6. To ge "WA" he sum o
" w" is di ided by sum o "W". Based on he highes "WA"
anking is pe o med. Acco dingly he i s ank was
awa ded o he bene i o widens s uden pa icipa ion,
ollowed by second ank i.e., engages all s uden s and hi d
ank enhances lea ning ac i i y. The emaining bene i s a e
anked as pe he s eng h o "WA".
Table - 3 discloses da a abou challenges aced in highes
educa ion applica ion. To measu e he challenges summa ed
sco e (SS) was pe o med. In o de o p esen bipola
opinions o he s uden esponden s 5 poin Like scale was
pe o med wi h a ying om "s ongly ag ee" o "s ongly
disag ee". The mul iplica ion o weigh s wi h he co e ed
sum o bipola has been pe o med and he summa ed sco e
has been de i ed. 400 and abo e ac o s wi h summa ed
sco e a e be e pe o med one and below 400 no pe o med
well. All he SS > g ea e han 400 excep esou ce
limi a ion o buy equipmen . Summa e scale was de eloped
by Renis Like (1932) [25].
Summa y & Discussion
The main mo o o he p esen s udy is o know whe he
demog aphics impac s on he s udy o no . Fu he , he s udy
also conduc ed o p obe he bene i s and challenges o XR
echnologies. The demog aphic p o ile o s uden
esponden s e eal signi ican a ia ion in he da a wi h high
deg ee o ela ionship. The bene i s o XR echnologies
include widens s uden pa icipa ion, engages all s uden s
and enhances lea ning ac i i y. The challenges o XR
echnologies measu ed by pe o ming summa ed sco e ha
all he ac o s a y signi ican ly excep esou ce limi a ion
o buy equipmen . The su ey echnique was ollowed in he
p esen s udy and he esponden s uden s we e in e iewed
in hei espec i e colleges and collec ed he da a equi ed.
Google o m ques ionnai e was also ci cula ed o he
s uden . Conce ned quan i a i e echniques we e pe o med
like x2, con ingency co-e icien , Kendall's co-e icien o
conco dance, summa ed sco e and weigh ed a i hme ic
mean was pe o med o analyse he da a. The da a collec ed
was p esen ed in p ope ables and pa icula quan i a i e
echniques we e pe o med o analyse and p esen he da a.
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Table 1: Demog aphic p o ile o Responden s
Demog aphics
x2
TV @ 0.05
d
Resul o x2
"c"
Resul o c
Gende
33.64
3.841
1
Signi ican
0.50
High Deg ee
Ma i al s a us
38.44
3.841
1
Signi ican
0.52
High Deg ee
Age in yea s
48.86
5.991
2
Signi ican
0.57
High Deg ee
Educa ion (S udying)
41.32
11.070
5
Signi ican
0.54
High Deg ee
Family Income (Rs)
50.07
11.070
5
Signi ican
0.57
High Deg ee
Visi ing Lib a y & Compu e Labo a o y
36.00
3.841
1
Signi ican
0.51
High Deg ee
Visi ing XR Labo a o y
38.44
3.841
1
Signi ican
0.52
High Deg ee
Pa icipa ion in XR con e ences and webina s
46.24
3.841
1
Signi ican
0.56
High Deg ee
Sou ce: Field Su ey
No e: x2 = Chi-squa e
'c' = √(x2 / x2 + N)
Whe e 'c' = Con ingency Co-e icien , N = Numbe o Obse a ions
When he alue 'c' is equal o nea e o 1, i means ha he e is high deg ee o associa ion be ween a ibu es. Con ingency co-e icien will
always o be less han 1. High deg ee is conside ed he e i 'c' is 0.50 and abo e.
Table 2: Bene i s o XR Technology
Bene i s
Weigh
3
2
1
T
WA
Like Scale
SA
A
SWA
Widens s uden pa icipa ion
85
15
-
100
I
w
255
30
-
285
47.50
Imp o ed and enhanced memo y
75
18
7
100
X
w
225
36
7
268
44.67
Engages all s uden s
82
13
5
100
II
w
246
26
5
277
46.17
No geog aphical limi a ion
71
11
18
100
XXI
w
213
22
18
253
42.17
All pu pose and can be used o each any opic
72
19
9
100
XV
w
216
38
9
263
43.83
P o ides in e ac i e lesson o s uden s
75
10
15
100
XVII
w
225
20
15
260
43.33
Enhances lea ning ac i i y
80
15
5
100
III
w
240
30
5
275
45.83
Uni e sal appo ach and igno es socio economic and geog aphical dispu es
75
20
5
100
VII
w
225
40
5
270
45.00
Con ex ual lea ning
77
15
8
100
XIX
w
231
20
8
259
4317
Ac i e au onomy
74
17
9
100
XIII
w
222
34
9
265
44.17
Mul i senso y expe iences
79
10
11
100
VII
w
239
20
11
270
45.00
Vi ual ehea sal
80
14
6
100
IV
w
240
28
6
274
45.67
Focused imme sion
81
8
11
100
VII
w
243
16
11
270
45.00
In luences emo ion & sel espec
75
15
10
100
XIV
w
225
30
10
265
44.16
C ea es un exci emen s o s uden s, de elops lea ning p ocess
70
10
10
100
XVII
w
210
40
10
260
43.33
B eaks physical laws & do be e in a eas which canno be done in eal wo ld
65
32
3
100
XVI
w
195
64
3
262
43.67
Visi ing he pas , p esen & u u e
65
16
19
100
XXII
w
195
32
19
246
41.00
AR in educa ion imp o es and enhances senso y de elopmen s
78
12
10
100
XX
w
224
24
10
258
43.00
Do no equi ed hea y esou ces as hey do no ge damage, los o s olen
79
14
7
100
VI
w
237
28
7
272
45.33
Remo e p esence
81
11
8
100
V
w
243
22
8
273
45.50
Global elepo a ion isi ing places abo e he means
76
14
10
100
XII
w
228
28
11
266
44.33
Fo wa d wo ld whe e s uden s and eache can go back in ime in e ac ing wi h objec s, animals and
human beings.
77
13
10
100
XI
w
231
26
10
267
44.50
Sou ce: Field Su ey
Like scale: 3 Poin - SA - S ongly Ag ee, A - Ag ee, SWA - Somewha Ag ee
Weigh s = 3 + 2 + 1 = 6
WA = w o al / sum o weigh s, e.g. 262 / 6 = 43.67
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Table 3: Challenges o XR Technologies Applica ion
Di e en Challenges
SA
A
N
DA
SDA
SS
XR Technology can be p e y p icey
82
10
-
4
4
410
40
-
8
4
462
Lea ning o use i akes ime
75
20
-
3
2
375
80
-
6
2
463
E hical and heal h conce ns
80
12
-
5
3
400
48
-
10
3
461
Technological ailu e
75
16
2
4
3
375
64
6
8
3
456
Need o specialised ha dwa e
73
18
2
3
4
365
72
6
6
4
453
Lack o ained pe sonnel
82
10
8
-
-
410
40
24
-
-
474
Use esis ance
76
14
2
3
5
380
56
6
6
5
448
Resou ce limi a ion o buy equipmen
50
14
18
18
10
250
56
54
16
10
386
Inc eased eaching leads
73
12
5
6
4
365
48
15
12
4
444
Cons ain s owa ds a ailabili y o equipmen
70
14
4
5
7
350
56
12
10
7
435
In e ne Bandwid h
76
14
-
3
7
380
56
-
6
7
449
Dedica ed campus space o XR lab
61
8
17
7
7
305
32
51
14
7
409
Di icul y o ge XR lea ning con en ha i hei speci ic cou se
75
18
3
2
2
375
72
9
4
2
462
Finding discom o while lea ning imme si e VR
76
14
8
4
4
380
56
24
8
4
472
Limi ed a ailabili y o eady o ake XR con en
74
16
10
-
-
370
64
30
-
-
464
Female lea ne s eel s ange s ha assing beha iou s
70
15
10
3
2
350
60
30
6
2
448
Dange o eye s ain simula o sickness and eali y blu ing
69
10
12
3
2
345
56
36
6
2
445
VR headse s migh c ea e some discom o o dange o any
lea ne s
68
15
10
4
3
340
60
30
8
3
441
Sou ce: Field Su ey
No e: (1) In he case simula ed Sco e (SS) s a is ics ool only he sum o mul iplica ion is shown be ween he sum o obse a ion in each
case and mul iplied by conce ned "w".
(2) The weigh s a e 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
Conclusion o he s udy
One o he key a eas o applica ion is educa ion and aining
(Wong e al., 2024) [16]. The o he a eas o XR applica ion
includes T anspo a ion, Educa ion, IoT, Robo ics and Ind
4.0, Medical, Enginee ing. Highe Educa ion a Bengalu u
equi es highly in e ac i e, lea ning expe iences belonging
o s uc u ing in o ma ion and syn hesizing in o ma ion
om di e en sou ces. VR can be used in he a eas whe e i
is di icul o each physically and expe ience in educa ion.
Teaching acul y need o unde go expe ience o ins all XR
s a egies in he class oom. Innume able challenges has o
be aced a he ime o le e aging he XR echnologies
applica ion. XR echnologies o e ing bene i s o di e en
s uden s o na ional and in e na ional le el. The s udy ound
ha all he cha ac e is ics o s uden esponden s a e
signi ican ly a ying wi h high deg ee o ela ionship. The
bene i s o XR echnologies include widens s uden
pa icipa ion, engages all he s uden s and enhances lea ning
ac i i y. The challenges o XR applica ion includes all he
challenges ha c osses a Summa ed Sco e (SS) o 400 ha
and abo e and only one challenge all below 400 is esou ce
limi a ion o buy equipmen . SS is used o simpli y he
ep esen a ion o sums, especially dealing wi h money
e ms, enable calcula ions in ol ing sequence o numbe s
and acili a e ma hema ical analysis and p oblem sol ing.
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