313
Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia
Fle che , 1979 (Lepidop e a, Geome idae, Ennominae, Bap ini),
wi h desc ip ions o ou new axa and wo s a us changes
Bo Liu1, Die e S üning2, Hongxiang Han3
1 Coconu Resea ch Ins i u e, Chinese Academy o T opical Ag icul u al Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China
2 Leibniz Ins i u e o he Analysis o Biodi e si y Change-Zoological Resea ch Museum Alexande Koenig, Adenaue allee 127, D-53113 Bonn, Ge many
3 S a e Key Labo a o y o Animal Biodi e si y Conse a ion and In eg a ed Pes Managemen , Ins i u e o Zoology, Chinese Academy o Sciences, No. 1
Beichen Wes Road, Chaoyang Dis ic , Beijing 100101, China
Co esponding au ho : Hongxiang Han ([email p o ec ed])
Copy igh : © Bo Liu e al.
This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde
e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion
License (A ibu ion 4.0 In e na ional – CC BY 4.0).
Resea ch A icle
Abs ac
The genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979, is e iewed based on mo phological cha ac e s
and a ailable molecula da a o cy och ome c oxidase subuni I. Fou new axa o his
genus a e desc ibed: E. supe cos a a sp. no . and E. ig a oides sp. no . om Hainan,
China; E. xuei sp. no . om N. Vie nam and Yunnan, China; and E. ig a oides leopa -
di o mis subsp. no . om Hubei and Sichuan, China. E. inc assa a Xiang & Han, 2017
is downg aded o subspecies ank unde E. languida a (Walke , 1862) (E. languida a
inc assa a Xiang & Han, 2017, s a . no .). The subspecies E. languida a yakushimensis
Inoue, 1976, is aised o species s a us (E. yakushimensis Inoue, 1976, s a . no .). Adul
males and emales o all axa men ioned abo e, including hei geni alia, a e illus a ed,
excep o E. supe cos a a sp. no . and E. xuei sp. no ., which a e known only om
males. An iden i ica ion key and a geog aphic dis ibu ion map o all known axa o
Eu yobeidia a e p esen ed. The sys ema ics and mime ic ela ionships o Eu yobeidia
a e b ie ly discussed.
Key wo ds: COI, Eu yobeidia, mimic y, new species, new s a us, new subspecies
In oduc ion
The genus Eu yobeidia, belonging o he sub amily Ennominae and, as we know
oday, o he ibe Bap ini, was i s comple ely diagnosed and desc ibed by
Weh li (1939: 269) on he basis o wo nominal species, Ab axas languida a
Walke , 1862, om Nepal and Rhypa ia la ge eaui Obe hü , 1884, om
“Kouy Tchéou” (P o . Guizhou, SW. China). Weh li (1939) sepa a ed hese
om o he species o Obeidia Walke , 1862 on he basis o hei geni alic
s uc u es, bu , unusually o him, did no designa e a ype species o his
new genus Eu yobeidia con aining he wo species in ques ion. Leech (1897:
458) ans e ed Rhypa ia la ge eaui o Obeidia bu was unce ain whe he his
ea men was easonable and did no make any u he commen s. P ou
(1915: 308) placed languida a and la ge eaui in o a sepa a e g oup o Obeidia,
Academic edi o : Axel Hausmann
Recei ed:
3 May 2025
Accep ed:
3 No embe 2025
Published:
21 No embe 2025
ZooBank: h ps://zoobank.
o g/2069CF50-6C1A-46DC-97AE-
5932C7BC40CC
Ci a ion: Liu B, S üning D, Han H
(2025) Fu he axonomic s udies
o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia
Fle che , 1979 (Lepidop e a,
Geome idae, Ennominae, Bap ini),
wi h desc ip ions o ou new axa and
wo s a us changes. ZooKeys 1260:
313–343. h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/
zookeys.1260.157773
ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025)
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773
314
ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773
Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
based on wing-shape and ena ion. Many yea s la e , a new axon ela ed o E.
languida a om Sou h Japan (Yakushima Island) was desc ibed by Inoue (1976:
20) as E. languida a yakushimenis, a subspecies wi h a wing pa e n dis inc ly
di e en om he nomina e subspecies. Fle che (1979: 84, 85) conside ed
Eu yobeidia Weh li, 1939 o be no a ailable unde sec ion 13(b) o he Code-
2 [now a icle 13.3 o Code-4] and alida ed he gene ic name Eu yobeidia
by designa ing Ab axas languida a Walke , 1862 as he ype species. By he
end o he 20 h cen u y, only wo species and one subspecies we e included
in Eu yobeidia (Pa sons e al. 1999: 379). Mo e ecen ly, Sa o (2011: 152)
conside ed E. languida a yakushimensis o be a dis inc species based on i s
ma kedly di e en ex e nal cha ac e s and di e ences in he male and emale
geni alia, compa ed o he nomina e subspecies. This p oposal was based
on his compa a i e s udy o E. languida a languida a om he main islands o
Japan and E. languida a yakushimensis om Yakushima Island, Sou h Japan.
Howe e , he hesi a ed o p o ide a o mal axonomic ea men and a gued
ha a comp ehensi e s udy, including mo e specimens om ou side Japan,
was needed o each a de ini i e conclusion. Xiang e al. (2017) hen e iewed
he Chinese species o Eu yobeidia, desc ibing h ee new species: E. ellipsoidea
and E. quad a a, bo h widely dis ibu ed, and E. inc assa a, which is es ic ed
o Hainan Island. They also eco ded a ew specimens o E. languida a om
Sou heas China and men ioned E. languida a yakushimensis, p o iding a
igu e o he holo ype and a sho diagnosis. Howe e , hey did no commen
o in es iga e he s a us o yakushimensis by compa ing he cha ac e s o hei
new indings o he la e . Rajaei e al. (2022) lis ed i e axa a he ank o
species and wo addi ional axa a he ank o subspecies wi hin Eu yobeidia.
To da e, no addi ional Eu yobeidia axa ha e been eco ded om hei na u al
dis ibu ion ange in Eas , Sou heas , and Sou h Asia.
In his pape , he genus Eu yobeidia Fle che is e iewed, and ou new axa
o Eu yobeidia om China and Vie nam a e desc ibed and illus a ed. Addi ion-
ally, we p opose new s a us designa ions o E. inc assa a Xiang & Han, 2017,
and E. languida a yakushimensis Inoue, 1976.
Ma e ial and me hods
Ac onyms and collec ions
CKY Collec ion o Ka sumi Yazaki, Tokyo, Japan;
CRICATAS Coconu Resea ch Ins i u e, Chinese Academy o T opical Ag icul-
u al Sciences, Wenchang, China;
CRS Collec ion o Rikio Sa o, Niiga a, Japan;
IZCAS Ins i u e o Zoology, Chinese Academy o Sciences, Beijing, China;
KIZCAS Kunming Ins i u e o Zoology, Chinese Academy o Sciences, Kun-
ming, China;
NHMUK Na u al His o y Museum, London, Uni ed Kingdom;
NIAES Ins i u e o Ag o-En i onmen al Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan;
ZFMK Zoologisches Fo schungsmuseum Alexande Koenig, Bonn, Ge -
many;
ZSM Zoologische S aa ssammlung München, Ge many.
315
ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773
Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
Mo phology
Te minology o wing ena ion ollows he Coms ock-Needham Sys em (Com-
s ock 1918) as adop ed o Geome idae by Scoble (1992) and Hausmann
(2001), and ha o he geni alia was based on Klo s (1970) and Skou and Si-
h onen (2015). Abdomens we e comple ely emo ed and b ie ly imme sed in
a boiling 10% KOH solu ion o mace a ion o he geni alia, which we e hen
dissec ed in a 10% e hanol solu ion and s ained wi h Chlo azol Black E. Pho-
og aphs o adul s and geni alia we e aken wi h digi al came as, hose o he
geni alia by a aching he came a o a mic oscope.
DNA ba coding
This s udy used bo h newly gene a ed sequences and publicly a ailable da a.
Two sequences we e downloaded om he Ba code o Li e Da a Sys ems (BOLD:
Ra nasingham and Hebe 2007), while he emaining sequences we e newly
ob ained du ing his s udy and deposi ed in GenBank. De ailed sampling da a
o molecula analyses a e p esen ed in Table 1. Fo new sequences, genomic
DNA was ex ac ed om he legs o d ied adul specimens. Sange sequencing
was hen pe o med on esh specimens using he p ime pai s: LCO-1490 and
HCO-2198, o LepF1 and LepR1 (Folme e al. 1994; Hebe e al. 2004). Only a
small numbe o olde museum specimens we e subjec ed o nex -gene a ion
sequencing. The molecula analysis in his s udy included mos known Eu yo-
beidia axa, wi h he excep ion o E. yakushimensis and E. supe cos a a. Ma e-
ial o E. yakushimensis was una ailable, and he single known E. supe cos a a
specimen ailed sequencing due o con amina ion. A neighbo -joining ee was
cons uc ed based on he Kimu a 2-pa ame e me hod using MEGA 12 (Sai ou
and Nei 1987; Kimu a 1980; Kuma e al. 2024). Gene ic dis ances wi hin and
among species a e epo ed as unco ec ed pai wise dis ances (p-dis ance).
Table 1. Sampling da a used o molecula analyses in his s udy.
Vouche /Sample ID Taxa locali y GenBank accession numbe s/
BOLD P ocess ID
CRICATAS00283 Eu yobeidia languida a languida a Fujian, China PQ083540
CRICATAS00220 Eu yobeidia languida a inc assa a Hainan, China PQ083537
CRICATAS00222 Eu yobeidia languida a inc assa a Hainan, China PQ083539
ARB00027908 Eu yobeidia xuei Yunnan, China QMA5626-13
IOZ LEP M 52355 Eu yobeidia ellipsoidea Gansu, China PX525429
CRICATAS00247 Eu yobeidia ig a oides ig a oides Hainan, China PQ083534
CRICATAS00239 Eu yobeidia ig a oides ig a oides Hainan, China PQ083538
IOZ LEP M 22920 Eu yobeidia ig a oides leopa di o mis Sichuan, China PX525430
CRICATAS00276 Eu yobeidia la ge eaui Hunan, China PQ083536
CRICATAS00263 Eu yobeidia la ge eaui Hunan, China PQ083541
CRICATAS00250 Eu yobeidia quad a a Hunan, China PQ083535
CCDB-11874-H01 Eu ycho ia la i up a Papua New Guinea PNGTY180-12
CRICATAS00211 Epobeidia ig a a Hainan, China PQ083279
No e: All he sequences gene a ed in his s udy a e a ailable in he Suppl. ma e ial 1.
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Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
Resul s
Taxonomic accoun
Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
Eu yobeidia Weh li, 1939, in Sei z, G oss-Schme . E de 4 (Suppl.): 269. Una ail-
able, ype species no designa ed.
Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979, The Gene ic Names o Mo hs o he Wo ld, 3: 84.
Type species: Ab axas languida a Walke , 1862.
Gene ic desc ip ion. Gene al appea ance. Medium-sized ennomine mo hs, o e-
wing leng h 17–27 mm. Included species a e sepa a ed in o he ollowing wo
g oups based on g ound colo : 1s g oup, including he ype-species E. langui-
da a, wi h g ound colo whi e o g ayish-whi e; 2nd g oup o ange, o en ading o
yellow o e ime. Wings wi h a la ge numbe o black, da k g ay o da k b own
spo s, a anged in a simila pa e n, wi h he excep ion o Eu yobeidia yakushi-
mensis s a . no . Head. An ennae ili o m in bo h sexes, lagellome es o a sho
p oximal pa cylind ical, mo e dis ally hey a e la e ally la ened, en ally elon-
ga ed, wedge-shaped, homogeneously co e ed wi h e y sho se ae and wi h
a pai o long, s aigh , spine-like se ae, a ising mid-la e ally on ei he side nea
dis al ma gin o each segmen . An ennae o emales simila , bu hinne . F ons
na ow, co e ed wi h sligh ly elonga ed o almos hai -like scales, he la e ba-
sally a anged a ound a iny, cen al p o usion o he head-capsule; a concen-
ic a angemen o scales on op o ons, be ween he bases o an ennae, has
been obse ed in some specimens o di e en species. Ve ex co e ed wi h
sligh ly longe and b oade , dis ally den a e, obliquely e ec scales. Labial palpi
slende , oundly cu ed upwa ds, jus eaching o p o uding sligh ly beyond he
ons, hi d join small, bu clea ly isible. P oboscis a he sho . Chae osema a
small, nea eye ma gin. Tho ax. Do sum o ange, yellow o g ayish-yellow, ypi-
cally wi h black do s: one on each pa agium, wo on each egula, and wo on
meso ho ax; sligh a ia ion occu s among species o indi iduals. Pa agia and
egulae wi h lamella , pa ly elonga ed scales, egulae in addi ion wi h long hai -
scales. Legs slende , pale yellow o o ange, wi h a ew da k g ay o black do s.
Index o spu s 0-2-4, hind ibia no dila ed and wi hou scen -b ush (hai -pencil)
in males. Fo ewing no o sligh ly elonga e, a ched a basal pa o cos a, apex
angled, e men smoo hly cu ed. Fo ea absen . Hindwing wi h a la ge whi e
a ea a he basal ⅔–¾ (excep o E. ig a oides ig a oides and E. yakushimen-
sis), and a b oad, a ely na ow, yellow, subma ginal band wi h mul iple black
s eaks o do s. Ma ginal line wi h black do s a ein-ends, absen in o ewing o
1s g oup, absen o s ongly educed in species o 2nd g oup. Apex o hindwing
ounded, e men minu ely conca e be ween ein-ends, pos e io ma gin sligh ly
unca ed om he end o ein 3A o o nus and also on e men om ein-end o
CuA2 o o nus. Vena ion (Fig. 1). Fo ewing: cos al a ea e y b oad a basal ⅔; Sc
e enly cu ed, bu a he ab up ly ben upwa ds nea he dis al 1/5 (mos clea ly
no iceable in E. ig a oides, see Fig. 1); R1 a ising om uppe ein o cell a he
close o he common s em o R2-5; R1 also o en exhibi s a dis inc cu a u e op-
posi e o he basal ends o R2 and R5 and a second cu a u e mo e dis ally and
he e o e eaches he cos a close o he apex; R2, as a ypical cha ac e o he
ibe Bap ini, a ises om he common s em o R3-5; s em R2-5 a ising on a a he
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Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
Figu e 1. Wing ena ion o Eu yobeidia ig a oides sp. no .
la ge dis ance om an e io angle o cell (o igin o M1); M2 om he middle o
he discocellula s; CuA1 widely sepa a ed om pos e io angle o cell; CuP ep-
esen ed by a a he dis inc old, bu wi h a e y sho and weak scle o ized ein
nea he base. Hindwing: Sc+R1 unning closely pa allel bu no anas omosing
wi h uppe ein o cell a base (a common cha ac e o mos ennomine mo hs);
Rs a ising a a a he small dis ance om an e io angle o cell; M2 absen ; CuA1
a ising a a longe dis ance om pos e io angle o cell; 3A p esen . P egeni-
al abdomen. Abdomen densely co e ed wi h ine, whi ish, o ange, o pale yel-
low scales. Do sal side usually wi h da k spo s o ans e se bands on each
segmen om T1 o T8, he spo s a y in colo a ion and size be ween species
and also indi idually, and a ely may e en be absen in some o all segmen s
(e.g. Eu yobeidia ig a oides ig a oides). La e ally, a ow o da k spo s p esen ,
educed o absen . Ven al side o en wi h a small numbe o da k spo s and
pa ches o a ious size and shape, especially in he species-g oup wi h whi e
o g ayish-whi e g ound colo , ewe o e en absen in he g oup o o ange/yel-
low specimens. In egumen wi h mos e gi es and s e ni es no conspicuously
modi ied. T1 na owe han T2, appendages o in e segmen al e gal ph agma
T1/T2 e y long, s ap-like. The 8 h segmen in males sligh ly elonga e, b oade
han he 7 h segmen , pos e io ly sligh ly scle o ized. In emales, he 7 h segmen
dis inc ly enla ged, 8 h segmen e y small, e gi e T8 a he memb anous, wi h
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Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
a cup-shaped, ound o o al in agina ion o unknown unc ion (See he black
a ow on Fig. 50; isible on do sal side, behind he igh a m o lamella pos -
aginalis; so a only obse ed in E. languida a). Tympanal o gans o mode a e
size, shallow, wi hou lacinia. Se al comb on hi d s e ni e and s e no- ympanal
p ocess bo h absen , which is consis en wi h he absence o dila ed hind- ibiae
wi h scen -b ushes. Co ema a no de eloped.
Male geni alia. Ve y he e ogeneous, especially he uncus wi h a ious pecu-
lia shapes among species. I may exhibi he shape o a bi d’s head, densely
co e ed wi h se ae, wi h a small o la ge beak-shaped apex, poin ed in la -
e al iew, and a na ow neck o di e ing leng h. In addi ion, la ge, pla e-like
appendages om “head” may be p esen . The base o he uncus mos ly is a
ans e se s aigh o iangula ba , wi h la e al socii, co e ed wi h ine se ae.
Only one species (E. la ge eaui) exhibi s a a he unmodi ied uncus. Common
cha ac e s a e a e, e.g. he weak gna hos, educed o ine, scle o ized la e al
a ms, no used a middle, o he la ge egumen, consis ing o wo na ow,
elonga e a ms, which a e a he common also in o he gene a o Bap ini. In
Eu yobeidia, he egumen some imes is swollen dis ally and cu ed en ad,
in o he species i is no swollen, bu s onge dis ally and na owe caudally.
T ans illa sinuous, b oad, band-shaped, sligh ly o hea ily scle o ized. Vincu-
lum sho and s ong, used la e ally wi h egumen. Saccus sho , ounded.
Jux a g oo e-like. Val a long and slende , wi h a well-de eloped cucullus,
eaching om apex back o cen e o al a, ending wi h a small, se ose knob.
Val a dis ally s ongly cu ed do sad, apex wi h a smalle o la ge , some imes
lobe-like p o usion, esul ing in a mo e en al no ch. Cos a smoo h o sligh -
ly p o uding o wi h a la ge, b oad p ocess. Base o sacculus o en wi h a
lamella , o al o iangula p ojec ion, do sally mo e o less den a e and a i-
able in size among species. Aedeagus elonga e, apically na owed, and scle-
o ized en ally, o en wi h a poin ed p ocess o a iable leng h (ex emely
long in E. la ge eaui). Co nu i spine-like o eplaced by scle o ized olds and
pa ches o esica o a ious shapes. Bulbus ejacula o ius sho e han he ae-
deagus sha ; p oximal pa (nea aedeagus) ube-like and sho ; cen al pa
U-shaped, open en ally; dis al pa cap-shaped, la ge, wi h a long ec angula
ex ension dis ally (Figs 40, 45, 46, 49).
Female geni alia. O iposi o sho , papillae anales sligh ly elonga ed,
densely and sho ly se ose, ip ounded. Pos e io apophyses long and na ow,
an e io apophyses sho e , s ong, ~⅓–½ he leng h o pos e io apophyses,
hei bases dila ed o na ow. A iangula scle i e p esen be ween he bases
o pos e io apophyses, i s size and shape a y conside ably be ween species
and subspecies. S e igma well de eloped, scle o ized; lamella an e aginalis
spined on pos e io ma gin and mo e s ongly so la e ally; lamella pos agi-
nalis a scle o ized pla e o di e en shape, consis ing o wo laye s o pla es,
connec ed p oximally. In oi us bu sae s ongly scle o ized, mo e o less
wis ed, usually placed asymme ically on le side in en al iew (si ua ed
in he cen e in E. la ge eaui only). Duc us seminalis a ising close o he end
o he sho , na ow, s ongly scle o ized pos e io pa o bu sa copula ix
(duc us bu sae o au ho s). An e io pa o bu sa la ge, o al o py i o m, dis-
al ½–¾ abundan ly spined inside, emaining p oximal po ion memb anous,
wi hou spines.
Dis ibu ion. China, Ko ea, Japan, India, Nepal, Vie nam (new eco d).
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Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
Diagnosis. Eu yobeidia species a e e y simila in appea ance o ce ain spe-
cies and subspecies o he Obeidia-complex (Inoue, 2003) o gene a (mainly o
he genus Epobeidia Weh li, 1939) and he genus Ab axas Leach, [1815], which
p obably se e as models in a mimic y ela ionship. Howe e , hey a e easi-
ly dis inguished om he p e iously men ioned gene a by hei less elonga e,
basally a ched o ewings and ma kedly di e en geni alic s uc u es. Wi hin
he ibe Bap ini, Eu yobeidia species can be easily iden i ied by he pa e n o
p ominen da k spo s on he wings and he dis inc i e geni alic s uc u es, pa -
icula ly he peculia uncus o he male geni alia.
Key o all known species o Eu yobeidia based on cha ac e s o
ex e nal appea ance and male geni alia
1 G ound colo o wings whi e o g ayish-whi e .............................................2
– G ound colo o wings o ange o yellow (when aded) ...............................7
2 Cos a o al a in male geni alia smoo h, na ow ........................................3
– Cos a o male geni alia dila ed .....................................................................4
3 Smalle in a e age size; colo o g ay-black pa e n elemen s deep when
esh; yellow ma ginal band on hindwing b oad (Figs 2–8, 56) ...................
..................................................................................E. languida a languida a
– La ge in a e age size; colo o g ay-black pa e n elemen s much pale
when esh; yellow ma ginal band on hindwing na ow (Figs 10–13, 57) ...
................................................................. E. languida a inc assa a s a . no .
4 Cos a o al a in male geni alia signi ican ly la ge and b oad (Fig. 44) ......
.................................................................................. E. supe cos a a sp. no .
– Cos a o al a in male geni alia only sligh ly dila ed ..................................5
5 Uncus apically s ongly modi ied, wi h a la ge pla e on a sho s em; wing
pa e n ea u ing he ypical da k spo s .......................................................6
– Uncus apically no o only sligh ly dila ed, wi hou a pla e-like p ocess;
wing pa e n wi hou da k spo s, excep on hindwing ma gin (Figs 16, 17,
42, 43) ............................................................... E. yakushimensis s a . no .
6 Whi e a ea on hindwing smalle and yellow dis al band b oade ; apex o
al a s ongly cu ed, e minal lobe o cos a la ge; s alk suppo ing he
la ge do sal pla e o uncus e y sho (Figs 9, 18; igu es o geni alia see
Xiang e al. 2017) ......................................................................E. ellipsoidea
– Whi e a ea on hindwing la ge and yellow dis al band na owe (Fig. 19);
apex o al a mo e s ongly cu ed, e minal lobe o cos a much la ge
(see do ed ci cle on Fig. 45); s alk suppo ing he la ge do sal pla e o
uncus long and na ow, shape o pla e di e en .................E. xuei sp. no .
7 Basal p ocess o sacculus b oad; apical lobe and neighbo ing no ch o
al a conspicuous ......................................................................................... 8
– Basal p ocess o sacculus na ow; apical lobe and neighbo ing no ch o
al a inconspicuous o absen .....................................................................9
8 La ge in a e age size; hindwing en i ely o ange, wi hou whi e basal a ea;
uncus sligh ly sho e , wi h he s em s ongly cu ed (Figs 32–37, 46, 47) ...
......................................................................................... E. ig a oides sp. no .
– Smalle in a e age size; hindwing wi h a la ge whi e basal a ea; uncus
sligh ly longe , wi h he s em s aigh o only sligh ly cu ed (Figs 27–31,
48, 49) .........................................E. ig a oides leopa di o mis subsp. no .
320
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9 Aedeagus sho , apex b oad and unca e; uncus i egula ly shaped, wi h
a la ge, quad a e pla e pos e io ly; hindwing wi h a whi e basal a ea, in
addi ion, o ewing wi h a whi e, bu o en indis inc a ea nea hind ma gin,
also p esen on unde side (see Figs 25, 26; igu es o geni alia see Xiang
e al. 2017: igs 19, 24, 29) ...........................................................E. quad a a
– Aedeagus long, wi h a long, hook-like ex ension apically; uncus elonga e,
semi-ci cula ly ex ended on do sal side, densely se ose, wi hou u he
modi ica ions; o ewing wi hou whi e o wi h aces o whi e in a ew indi-
iduals only, bu always p esen on unde side (see Figs 20–24; igu es o
geni alia see Xiang e al. 2017: igs 18, 23, 28) ........................ E. la ge eaui
Eu yobeidia languida a (Walke , 1862)
Figs 2–8, 38, 39, 50, 56
Ab axas languida a Walke , 1862, Lis Specimens lepid. Insec s Colln B . Mus.
24: 1122. Holo ype, Nepal. (NHMUK)
Eu yobeidia languida a: Weh li 1939, in Sei z, G oss-Schme . E de 4 (Suppl.):
269. Una ailable.
Eu yobeidia languida a: Fle che 1979, The Gene ic Names o Mo hs o he
Wo ld 3: 84; S üning, D. 2000, Mo hs o Nepal, pa 6: 110; Xiang e al. 2017,
Zoo axa 4317 (2): 371.
Type ma e ial examined. Holo ype. Nepal • ♀; ‘Nepal’; Ha dwicke Beques ;
NHMUK. (Abdomen los ; see Fig. 2)
Addi ional ma e ial examined. Nepal • 1 ♀; Ka hmandu Valley, Goda a i;
1600–1800 m; 5 Jun.1967; leg. Die l-Schach ; ZSM. India • 1 ♂; Khasis; May 1896;
Na . Coll.; coll. Weh li, ZFMK. China – Fujian P o ince • 1 ♂; Quanzhou Ci y, De-
hua Coun y, Jiuxianshan; 1200 m; 12 May 2024; C. L. Huang & Z. Peng leg.; Gen-
Bank no.: PQ083540; gen. p ep. no. CRICATAS00283; CRICATAS – Taiwan • 1 ♂;
Nan ou, Sang-Gan n . Pu-li; 23°58'N, 120°55'E; Ap .–Jul. 2008; local coll.; ZFMK.
Vie nam • 1 ♂; N. Vie nam, Vinhu, Tam Dao; 900 m; 29 May 1997; B. Tanaka leg.;
CKY. Japan – • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ‘Japon, Wileman, 1898’; male gen. p ep. Weh li no. 5525,
emale gen. p ep. no. 2460-DS; ZFMK – Tokyo • 1 ♂; Tokio; 17 Jun. 1910; gen.
p ep. Weh li. no. 5517; ZFMK • 1 ♂; Abiko, Chiba P e . n . Tokyo; May 1914; ZFMK
• 1 ♂; Chiyoda, Kokyo; 21 May 1998; Y. Kishida leg.; gen. p ep. no. RS8877; CRS/
NIAES (shown by Sa o 2011, pl. 1-015-9) • 1 ♀; Chiyoda, Kokyo; 11 Jun. 1998; Y.
Kishida leg.; gen. p ep. no. RS8878; CRS/ NIAES (shown by Sa o 2011, pl. 1-015-
10) – Niiga a P e ec u e • 1 ♀; Niiga a Ci y, Nishikan-ku, Iwamu o, Pa king o Ya-
hiko; 23 Jul. 2007; R. Sa o leg.; CRS/ NIAES (shown by Sa o 2011, pl. 1-015-11).
Rema ks. Eu yobeidia languida a ob iously is ex emely a e a i s ype
locali y, Nepal. The emale holo ype a NHMUK is he only specimen among
a collec ion o ~50 specimens, hal o hem o igina ing om NE India, As-
sam-Meghalaya egion, he second hal om Japan. The olumes 1–5 o he
“Mo hs o Nepal”-se ies do no men ion i and se e al housand specimens
om many locali ies in Nepal a ZFMK de ini ely do no con ain i . The doub
abou he co ec ness o he ype locali y has a isen, bu was answe ed by
he ac ha a second specimen was ound a he ZSM collec ion, Munich, a
emale collec ed nea Ka hmandu, he specimen men ioned abo e (S üning
321
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Figu es 2–19. Adul s o Eu yobeidia species. 2–8. E. languida a (Walke ): 2. The holo ype o Ab axas languida a, emale,
Nepal, NHMUK; 3. Female, Nepal, uppe side, ZSM; 4. Di o, unde side; 5. Male, Khasi Hills, India, ZFMK; 6. Male, N. Vie -
nam, CKY; 7. Male, Tokyo, Japan, CRS/ NIAES; 8. Female, Niiga a, Japan, CRS/ NIAES; 9. E. ellipsoidea, un ypical pa e n,
emale, Sichuan, China, ZFMK; 10–13. E. languida a inc assa a Xiang & Han, s a . no ., Hainan Is., China: 10. The holo ype
o E. inc assa a Xiang & Han, male, IZCAS; 11. Non- ype, male, uppe side, CRICATAS; 12. Di o, unde side; 13. Non- ype,
emale, CRICATAS; 14, 15. E. supe cos a a sp. no ., holo ype, male, Hainan, China, IZCAS: 14. Uppe side; 15. Unde side;
16, 17. E. yakushimensis Inoue, s a . no ., Yakushima Is., Japan: 16. The holo ype o E. languida a yakushimensis Inoue,
male, NHMUK; 17. Non- ype, emale, CRS/ NIAES; 18. E. ellipsoidea, pa a ype, emale, Sichuan, China, ZFMK; 19. E. xuei
sp. no ., pa a ype, male, Fansipan, Vie nam, ZFMK. Scale ba : 10 mm.
328
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o he uncus, which indica es a a he close ela ionship o he wo axa. Dis-
inguishing cha ac e s a e he ound, apical lobes o he al e cos a which is
ma kedly la ge in xuei and he s alk connec ing he cen al, beak-shaped pa
o uncus and he la ge do sal pla e is longe and na owe , he pla e i sel has
a di e en shape. Mo eo e , he 3% gene ic dis ance based on molecula da a
sepa a es his axon om E. ellipsoidea, jus i ying i s ecogni ion as a dis inc ,
bu closely ela ed species.
Desc ip ion. Fo ewing leng h 19–21 mm in males. Simila o E. languida a,
bu wing-shape di e en : wings sho e , b oade , apex and o nus o o ewing
and hindwing mo e ounded.
Head. An ennae ili o m, ag eeing wi h gene ic desc ip ion, sha do sal-
ly co e ed wi h sil e y-g ay scales. Labial palpus da k g ay, wi h a ew yellow
scales a base o i s segmen , he la e wi h mode a ely long, obliquely up-
igh scales. Second join a he smoo h, hi d join e y small, ape ing. F ons
na ow, co e ed wi h da k b ownish-g ay scales, hose on do sal ½ smoo h,
sligh ly elonga ed, basal ½ wi h a b ush o mo e s ongly elonga ed scales, co -
e ing a small, ounded p o usion o he in egumen . Ve ex small, consis ing o
la ge, da k g ay, obliquely up igh scales, o ming a iangle. Pos e io o i and
a ound he head uns a conspicuous, yellow colla . Chae osema a p esen , nea
eye-ma gin, consis ing o a ew sensillae only. Tho ax. Do sum as desc ibed in
he gene ic desc ip ion, an e io ly yellow, pos e io ly g ayish yellow, wi h wo
e y la ge, almos black spo s behind each o he . Pa agia yellow wi h la ge, da k
g ay spo s, egulae wi h a yellow ans e se band, a basal da k g ay spo and a
second spo and ligh e g ay hai -scales pos e io ly. Legs yellow and yellowish
g ay, wi h some black do s. Tibia o hind-leg no dila ed, wi hou scen pencil.
Wings wi h g ound colo clea whi e. Pa e n o e y da k, a he la ge, ound
spo s, compac and pa ly used nea base o o ewing. The mo e in e nal do s
a e su used wi h b own scales, while he la ge apical pa ch and na ow bands
along cos a and an e io ⅔ o e men a e da k sil e y g ay. A la ge spo in he
middle o he hind ma gin absen , esul ing in a b oad, whi e band s e ching
obliquely h ough he o ewing om nea apex o hind ma gin. This seems o
be he mos ob ious dis inguishing elemen and is p esen in all known speci-
mens. The e a e small yellow s eaks nea o nus. F inge almos en i ely black.
Spo s on hindwing educed in size o absen , ende ing he whi e a ea he la g-
es o all species. Discal do ound, a he la ge. Base o hindwing wi h a g oup
o e y small do s. Yellow band along hindwing e men na ow, only spa sely
do ed, inge yellow wi h black, almos ound do s. Unde side wi h pa e n e y
simila , bu much pale . Vena ion ag eeing wi h gene ic desc ip ion, excep ha
CuP is ep esen ed by a e y ain old, wi hou a weakly scle o ized basal po -
ion. P egeni al abdomen. G ound colo o p oximal ¾ o do sal side pale yel-
lowish g ay, dis al ¼ deeply yellow. All e gi es wi h spo s o pa ches o di e en
sizes, shapes, and colo s: T1 pale g ay, wi h a deep incision p oximally in he
middle. Spo s om T2 o T8 almos black. T2, T3 smalle , almos semici cula ,
T4-T6 ec angula , ans e se bands (T6 smalle ), T7 a e y small spo , T8 a
pai o a he la ge, quad a e pa ches (see Figs 19, 58). La e ally a ow o black,
i egula spo s, dec easing in size owa ds ip o abdomen. La e al and en al
sides deep yellow, wi h mode a ely elonga ed scales and i egula ly dis ibu ed
black spo s o di e en size and shape. Shape and numbe o hese spo s is
due o ample a ia ion. In egumen wi hou dis inc a ia ions, e gi e 8 na ow-
329
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Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
ly ec angula , s e ni e 8 much la ge , la e ally and dis ally ounded. Tympanal
o gans o mode a e size, shallow, wi hou lacinia. Se al comb on s e ni e 3 and
s e no- ympanal p ocess absen . Te gal ph agma T1/T2 long, s ap-like.
Male geni alia. Uncus wi h a cen al, beak-shaped pa , ca ied by a long and
na ow “neck” which combines i wi h he o ked base and he semici cula
connec ion wi h he egumen. F om he cen al pa , a long and na ow, spined
s alk a ises which suppo s a la ge pla e o unknown unc ion. I is ounded
pos e io ly and ape ing o a sligh ly na owe end an e io ly (Fig. 45). The gna-
hos consis s o iny, scle o ized la e al a ms, which a e widely sepa a ed om
each o he . Val es long and na ow, wi h he cos a smoo h, sligh ly p o uding
on bo h sides. Apex o al a s ongly cu ed back, wi h a la ge, ound, ans-
pa en , scle o ized pla e (bu ha dly isible). Sacculus wi h a la ge, o al, basal
pla e, i s ma gin i egula ly inden ed and co e ed wi h minu e spines. Aedeagus
mode a ely long, he scle o ized dis al ½ la and e mina ing wi h a sho spine
a he a he b oad apex. Vesica wi h wo co nu i o di e en shape which a e
used a one end.
Female. Unknown.
Dis ibu ion. Vie nam, China (Yunnan).
E ymology. The speci ic epi he is hono ing he enowned Chinese axonomis
P o . Dayong Xue o his ou s anding con ibu ions o he s udy o Geome idae.
Eu yobeidia la ge eaui (Obe hü , 1884)
Figs 20–24, 59
Rhypa ia la ge eaui Obe hü , 1884, É udes en . 10: 32, pl. 1, ig. 5. holo ype ♂,
China: Kouy-Tchéou, in coll. ZFMK.
Eu yobeidia la ge eaui: Weh li 1939, in Sei z, G oss-Schme . E de 4 (Suppl.):
269. Una ailable.
Eu yobeidia la ge eaui: Fle che 1979, The Gene ic Names o Mo hs o he
Wo ld 3: 84; Xiang e al. 2017, Zoo axa 4317 (2): 373.
Type ma e ial examined. Holo ype. China – Guizhou P o ince • ♂; Kouy-Tchéou
(Guizhou); Abbé La ge eau leg.; gen. slide Weh li no. 5578; ex coll. Obe hü , ex
coll. Weh li, ZFMK. (le o ewing absen ; see Fig. 20)
Addi ional ma e ial examined. China – Hunan P o ince • 20 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀;
Huaihua Ci y, Xupu Coun y, Taojinping Township, Shannaoao Village, Moun ain
woodland; 800 m; Jul. 2022; Chao Dai leg.; GenBank nos: PQ083536, PQ083541;
CRICATAS, CRICATAS00251 o CRICATAS00282. – Hubei P o ince • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀;
W. Hubei P o ince, Wu eng, Yizhuxiang M .; 1560 m; Jun. 1998; Wang & Li leg.;
ZFMK. Fu he 26 ♂♂♀♀ in ZFMK om Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong,
mainly ex coll. Weh li, Obe hü , Höne. Vie nam – • 1 ♂; N. Vie nam, Lao Cai, Sa
Pa; 1500 m; 25–28 May 1997; B. Tanak leg.; CKY • 6 ♂♂; N. Vie nam, Cha-pa, M .
Fan-Si-Pan; 22°15'N, 103°46'E; 1600–1800 m; leg. Sinjae & Simono ; ZFMK.
Diagnosis. This widesp ead and abundan species is p esen ed he e o com-
pa ison wi h E. ig a oides leopa di o mis subsp. no ., due o hei nea ly iden ical
appea ance. Diagnos ic cha ac e s a e gi en unde he desc ip ion o he la e .
Dis ibu ion. China (Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan,
Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou), Vie nam.
330
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Figu es 20–37. Adul s o Eu yobeidia species. 20–24. E. la ge eaui (Obe hü ): 20. The holo ype o Rhypa ia la ge eaui
Obe hü , male, Guizhou, China, ZFMK; 21. Male, Hunan, China, uppe side, CRICATAS; 22. Di o, unde side; 23. Female,
Hunan, China, CRICATAS; 24. Male, N. Vie nam, CKY; 25. E. quad a a Xiang & Han, male, Hunan, China, uppe side, CRI-
CATAS; 26. Di o, unde side; 27–31. E. ig a oides leopa di o mis subsp. no .: 27. Holo ype, male, Sichuan, China, IZCAS;
28. Pa a ype, male, W. Hubei, China, uppe side, ZFMK; 29. Di o, unde side; 30. Pa a ype, emale, W. Hubei, China, uppe -
side, ZFMK; 31. Di o, unde side; 32–37. E. ig a oides sp. no ., Hainan Is., China, CRICATAS/ IZCAS: 32. Holo ype, male,
uppe side; 33. Di o, unde side; 34. Pa a ype, male; 35. Pa a ype, emale, uppe side; 36. Di o, unde side; 37. Pa a ype,
emale. Scale ba : 10 mm.
331
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Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
Rema ks. A specimen om Baoxing, Sichuan, China, iden i ied by Xiang e al.
(2017) as E. la ge eaui, is desc ibed in he p esen s udy as a new subspecies
o E. ig a oides sp. no ., and is designa ed as he holo ype.
Eu yobeidia quad a a Xiang & Han, 2017
Figs 25, 26, 60, 61
Eu yobeidia quad a a Xiang & Han, 2017, Zoo axa 4317 (2): 374.
Type ma e ial examined. The desc ip ion was based on a la ge se ies o male
and emale specimens, he holo ype designa ed om Zhejiang. De ailed ype
ma e ial da a om IZCAS and ZFMK, see Xiang e al. (2017).
Addi ional ma e ial examined. China – Hunan P o ince • 1 ♂; Huaihua Ci y,
Xupu Coun y, Taojinping Township, Shannaoao Village, Moun ain woodland; 800 m;
Jul. 2022; Chao Dai leg.; GenBank no.: PQ083535; CRICATAS, CRICATAS00250.
Diagnosis. This species is also shown o compa ison wi h E. ig a oides sp.
no . and E. ig a oides leopa di o mis subsp. no ., pa icula ly he la e . Diag-
nos ic cha ac e s a e p o ided unde E. ig a oides leopa di o mis subsp. no .
Dis ibu ion. China (Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guang-
dong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan).
Eu yobeidia ig a oides Liu, S üning & Han, sp. no .
h ps://zoobank.o g/9BDF3320-09C3-45E7-8629-9BF41FE1D955
Figs 32–37, 46, 47, 54, 63, 64
Type ma e ial. Holo ype. China – Hainan P o ince • ♂; Lingshui, Diaoluoshan;
922 m; 01–03 Ap . 2024; Bo Liu, Wei Lin & Miao eng Xu leg.; CRICATAS/ IZCAS,
CRICATAS00230. Pa a ypes (19 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀). China – Hainan P o ince • 2 ♂♂,
3 ♀♀; same locali y as o holo ype; 20 Ap . 2023; Bo Liu leg.; gen. p ep. nos.
CRICATAS00243, CRICATAS00244; CRICATAS/ IZCAS/ ZFMK • 2 ♂♂; same lo-
cali y as o holo ype; 10 May 2023; Bo Liu leg.; GenBank no. PQ083534; gen.
p ep. no. CRICATAS00247; CRICATAS/ IZCAS • 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collec ion da a
as o holo ype • 7 ♂♂; same locali y as o holo ype; 07–12 May 2024; Bo Liu
& Wei Yan leg.; GenBank no.: PQ083538; CRICATAS, IZCAS /ZFMK • 1 ♂; Ling-
shui, Diaoluoshan; 997 m; 21 Ap . 2025; Bo Liu & Wei Yan leg.; CRICATAS • 2 ♀;
Lingshui, Diaoluoshan; 974 m; 10 Jun. 2025; Bo Liu & Wei Yan leg.; CRICATAS.
Diagnosis. Eu yobeidia ig a oides is he only en i ely o ange/ yellow species
wi hou a whi e pa e n o a ea on he hindwing. This ex e nal cha ac e , o-
ge he wi h i s la ge body size, makes i e y easy o dis inguish om all o he
congene s. In addi ion o i s dis inc appea ance, his species can also be ead-
ily di e en ia ed om all o he congene ic species (excep o he nex new
subspecies o be desc ibed: E. ig a oides leopa di o mis subsp. no .) by he
ollowing wo ea u es o he male geni alia: 1.The e is a p o uding, ounded
lobe ba e o se ae a he apex o al a, wi h a neighbo ing e iden no ch in
E. ig a oides, while in o he species, i is absen o inconspicuous. 2. The basal
p ocess o he sacculus is b oade han in any o he congene ic species.
332
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Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
Desc ip ion. Fo ewing leng h 21.5–24.4 mm in males, 25.2–26.1 mm in e-
males. G ound colo o ange o yellow a e ading, densely co e ed wi h nume ous
da k spo s. Mo e de ailed gene al ea u es see he p e ious gene ic desc ip ion.
Head. An ennae ili o m in bo h sexes, en o-la e ally wi h a pai o long, spine-like
se ae on each segmen . F ons na ow, co e ed wi h smoo h, na ow, ligh o ange
scales, wi h a small, ounded, cen al p o usion nea he base. Labial palpus sligh -
ly ex ending beyond ons. Ve ex co e ed wi h e ec , lamella , ligh o ange scales.
Chae osema a small, nea eye ma gin. P oboscis sho . Tho ax. Do sum b igh o -
ange, wo la ge sepa a e black do s p esen on meso ho ax. Pa agia and egulae
b igh o ange, pa agium wi h a small black spo in mos indi iduals, egula wi h a
small black spo a base and a la ge black spo a middle. Legs o ange, a ew small
black spo s mainly on he base, middle and end o he emu and ibia segmen s.
Index o spu s 0-2-4. Hind ibia no dila ed, wi hou scen -b ush in males. Wings
en i ely o ange, wi hou whi e pa e n. Fo ewing no elonga ed, a ched a basal
pa o cos a, apex angled, e men smoo hly cu ed, o ea absen . Fo ewing sca -
e ed wi h nume ous small s eaks o spo s on basal, cos al and e minal a eas;
an emedial line ep esen ed by h ee la ge da k spo s, he la ge s eaked pa ch on
he middle o he cos al ae a, ex ending om he cos a down o nea he cell- old
(weak o ba ely isible in ew indi iduals); six sepa a e da k spo s p esen ou side
he discal spo , ge ing la ge om uppe o lowe ; discal spo appea ing as a la ge
da k do ; inges ma ching he g ound colo , in e spe sed wi h black. Hindwing
sca e ed wi h nume ous iny spo s o s eaks on basal and e minal a eas; he i s
wo spo s o pos medial line always used, he second and hi d pai s a e ypically
sepa a e, he wo spo s wi hin he second pai o wi hin he hi d pai , e y close
o e en connec ed only in ew indi iduals; discal spo la ge, ounded. Unde side
o wings almos iden ical o uppe side, bu sligh ly da ke . A ea o wing-coupling
pale. P egeni al abdomen. Abdomen co e ed wi h ine, o ange scales; do sal da k
spo s ewe han hose o o he congene s, and inconspicuous o absen in some
indi iduals. Te gi es and s e ni es no conspicuously modi ied. The 8 h segmen in
males sligh ly elonga e, b oade han he 7 h segmen , pos e io ly sligh ly scle o-
ized, pos e io edge sligh ly conca e in he cen e . Tympanal o gans o mode a e
size, wi hou lacinia. S e no- ympanal p ocess, se al comb and co ema a absen .
Male geni alia. Uncus sho , “bi d-headed”, do sal apical pa ma kedly dila -
ed, densely co e ed wi h se ae, “beak” pa poin ed in la e al iew, s em sho ,
s ongly cu ed do sad. Socii small, wi h ine se ae. Gna hos weak, wi h a pai
o sho , ine scle o ized la e al a ms only. T ans illa long, b oad, scle o ized,
band-shaped. Tegumen la ge, wi h long, s ou la e al a ms, dis ally signi ican ly
swollen, cu ed en ad. Val a slende , apex s ongly cu ed do sad a a igh
angle, wi h a la ge, ound, non-se ose ex ension o cos a, o ming a conspicu-
ous no ch en ally. Cos a na ow, smoo h. Cucullus well de eloped, om apex
eaching back o cen e o al a. Basal p ocess o sacculus qui e b oad, lamel-
la , do sal edge wi h minu e den icles. Jux a b oad, hea ily scle o ized, g oo e-
like. Saccus small, ounded. Aedeagus slende , apically sligh ly ape ing and
idge-like. Co nu us small, wi h a cen al g oo e. Bulbus ejacula o ius sho e
han he aedeagus sha , wi h a a he la ge cap.
Female geni alia. O iposi o e y sho , papillae anales small, densely se ose.
Apophyses an e io es sligh ly sho e han apophyses pos e io es, basal ¼ sligh -
ly b oadened. A na ow, iangula scle i e p esen be ween he bases o pos e io
apophyses. Lamella an e aginalis well de eloped, wi h la ge i egula se a ions.
333
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Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
Figu es 38–43. Male geni alia o Eu yobeidia species. 38, 39. E. languida a (Walke ): 38. Fujian, China, gen. p ep. no. CRICA-
TAS00283; 39. Tokyo, Japan, gen. p ep. no. RS8877; 40, 41. Eu yobeidia languida a inc assa a Xiang & Han, s a . no ., Hainan
Is., China: 40. The holo ype o E. inc assa a Xiang & Han, IOZ-CAS slide no. Geom-7235; 41. Non- ype, gen. p ep. no. CRICA-
TAS00220; 42, 43. E. yakushimensis Inoue, s a . no ., Yakushima Is., Japan, gen. p ep. nos. RS7407, RS7411. Scale ba s: 1 mm.
334
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The en al cen al pla e o lamella pos aginalis la ge, b oad a op, na ow a
bo om, apical cen e sligh ly conca e; do sal laye wi h a pai o la ge, scle o ized,
i egula ly shaped, la e al p ojec ions. In oi us bu sae sligh ly displaced o le
side, s ongly scle o ized. Pos e io pa o bu sa ine, s ongly scle o ized and
wis ed, connec ed o he duc us seminalis a middle, p oximally swollen close
o he bu sa copula ix. An e io pa o bu sa py i o m, he dis al ½ wi h many
spines inside, he p oximal ½ memb anous, wi hou spines.
Dis ibu ion. China (Hainan).
E ymology. The speci ic name is de i ed om i s po en ial mimic y model,
he nomino ypical subspecies o Epobeidia ig a a (Guenée).
Eu yobeidia ig a oides leopa di o mis Liu, S üning & Han, subsp. no .
h ps://zoobank.o g/25680A5F-1A5D-421C-B916-AC92F486F9E5
Figs 27–31, 48, 49, 55
Eu yobeidia la ge eaui: Xiang e al. 2017, Zoo axa 4317 (2): 374 (pa ).
Type ma e ial. Holo ype. China – Sichuan P o ince • ♂; Baoxing Coun y,
Dashuigou; 1591 m; 1–5 Aug. 2016; Le Cui leg.; gen. p ep. no. Geom-04555;
IZCAS, IOZ LEP M 22920. Pa a ypes. China – Hubei P o ince • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; W.
Hubei P o ince, Wu eng, Yizhuxiang M .; 1560 m; Jun. 1998, Wang & Li leg.;
gen. p ep. nos. 2449-DS, 2450-DS; ZFMK.
Diagnosis. This new subspecies is signi ican ly smalle han he nomina e
subspecies and exhibi s a s ikingly dis inc appea ance, cha ac e ized by he
basal ⅔ o he hindwing being whi e. Howe e , he highly simila male and e-
male geni alia and a minimal gene ic di e gence o 0.94% (see Table 2) s ong-
ly indica e a close axonomic ela ionship, he eby suppo ing he ea men o
leopa di o mis as a new subspecies o E. ig a oides. In addi ion o he ma k-
edly di e en wing pa e ns, he o me can also be clea ly dis inguished om
he la e by he ollowing cha ac e s o male and emale geni alia: he uncus is
clea ly longe wi h i s s em s aigh o only sligh ly cu ed when obse ed om
a la e al aspec , he spines on he pos e io pa o bu sa a e mo e concen a -
ed compa ed o he nomina e subspecies, and he la e al p ocess o lamella
pos aginalis is less scle o ized han in he nomina e subspecies.
Fu he mo e, Eu yobeidia ig a oides leopa di o mis closely esembles he sym-
pa ic E. la ge eaui (Obe hü ) in size, habi us, colo a ion, and wing pa e n, ende -
ing hem nea ly indis inguishable by appea ance alone. Ano he sympa ic species,
E. quad a a Xiang & Han, also simila in appea ance o he wo species men ioned
abo e, can be dis inguished by a combina ion o cha ac e s: a whi e pa ch o a ea
on he o ewing ( his single ea u e is also p esen in some indi iduals o E. la ge-
eaui) and he nea ly used second pai o do s o he pos medial line on he hind-
wing. The new subspecies can be eadily di e en ia ed om E. la ge eaui and E.
quad a a by he ollowing geni alic cha ac e s: 1. Uncus is small, bi d-headed, while
in E. la ge eaui i is la ge, semici cula ; in E. quad a a, i is also la ge , wi h an elon-
ga ed apex and an ex emely dila ed, somewha squa e, lake-like p o usion on he
do sal side. 2. Basal p ocess o sacculus is qui e b oad wi h minu e den icles along
he do sal edge, whe eas in bo h E. la ge eaui and E. quad a a, i is na ow and lacks
den icles. 3. The al al apex bea s a conspicuous lobe and a neighbo ing no ch,
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Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
Figu es 44–49. Male geni alia o Eu yobeidia species. 44. E. supe cos a a sp. no ., holo ype, Hainan, China, IOZ-CAS slide
no. Geom-4140; 45. E. xuei sp. no ., holo ype, male, Fansipan, Vie nam, gen. p ep. no. 2458-DS; 46, 47. E. ig a oides sp.
no ., pa a ypes, Hainan Is., China, gen. p ep. nos. CRICATAS00247, CRICATAS00243; 48, 49. E. ig a oides leopa di o mis
subsp. no .: 48. Holo ype, Sichuan, China, IOZ-CAS slide no. Geom-04555: 49. Pa a ype, W. Hubei, China, gen. p ep. no.
2449-DS. Scale ba s: 1 mm.
336
ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773
Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
Figu es 50–55. Female geni alia o Eu yobeidia species. 50. E. languida a (Walke ), Japan, gen. p ep. no. 2460-DS; 51,
52. E. languida a yakushimensis Inoue, Yakushima Is., Japan, gen. p ep. nos. RS7412, RS8879; 53. Eu yobeidia languida a
inc assa a Xiang & Han, s a . no ., Hainan Is., China, gen. p ep. no. CRICATAS00223; 54. E. ig a oides sp. no ., pa a ype,
Hainan Is., China, gen. p ep. no. CRICATAS00244; 55. E. ig a oides leopa di o mis subsp. no ., pa a ype, W. Hubei, China,
gen. p ep. no. 2450-DS. Scale ba s: 1 mm.
337
ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773
Bo Liu e al.: Fu he axonomic s udies o he mime ic genus Eu yobeidia Fle che , 1979
Figu es 56–64. Li ing imagos o Eu yobeidia species in es ing posi ion. 56. E. languida a (Walke ), Fujian, China; 57.
E. languida a inc assa a Xiang & Han, s a . no ., Hainan, China; 58. E. xuei sp. no ., Yunnan, China; 59. E. la ge eaui
(Obe hü ), Guizhou, China; 60. E. quad a a Xiang & Han, Hong Kong, China; 61. E. quad a a Xiang & Han, Anhui, China;
62. E. ig a oides leopa di o mis subsp. no . o E. la ge eaui, Guangdong, China; 63. E. ig a oides sp. no ., male, Hainan,
China; 64. E. ig a oides sp. no ., emale, Hainan, China.
which is absen o inconspicuous in he o he wo species. 4. Apex o aedeagus is
mode a ely long, sligh ly ape ing, and idged; in con as , i is a he long and od-
like in E. la ge eaui, and sho and b oad in E. quad a a. 5. Lamella an e aginalis is
well-de eloped wi h la ge, i egula se a ions, whe eas in E. la ge eaui, i is la ge
and iangula wi h an up igh scle i e in he cen e , and in E. quad a a, consis s o
wo semici cula scle i es. 6. Lamella pos aginalis is a he la ge and M-shaped,
wi h a pai o la ge, sligh ly scle osed la e al p ocesses, whe eas i is much smalle
in E. quad a a and qui e small, ba ely isible, in E. la ge eaui.
Desc ip ion. Fo ewing leng h 18–20 mm in males, 21 mm in he single e-
male. Adul s o E. ig a oides leopa di o mis a e almos iden ical o E. la ge-
eaui in habi us, colo a ion, pa e n and size, he e a e no consis en ea u es o
dis inguish hem. Typically, he six spo s o pos medial line a e used in pai s,
wi h he second and hi d pai s some imes also sligh ly used in ce ain spec-
imens. Howe e , he wing pa e n obse ed in all ou known ype specimens
o E. ig a oides leopa di o mis is also ound in specimens wi h nea ly iden ical
pa e ns wi hin he ex ensi e E. la ge eaui collec ion. Cu en ly, we belie e ha
he wo axa canno be accu a ely dis inguished based on adul ex e nal mo -
phological cha ac e s o he han geni alia.
Male and emale geni alia. The male and emale geni alia a e s ikingly
simila o hose o E. ig a oides ig a oides (see he p e ious desc ip ion o
