Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae, Baptini), with descriptions of four new taxa and two status changes

313 Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae, Baptini), with descriptions of four new taxa and two status changes Bo Liu1, Dieter Stüning2, Hongxiang Han3 1 Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China 2 Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change-Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 127, D-53113 Bonn, Germany 3 State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China Corresponding author: Hongxiang Han ([email protected]) Copyright: © Bo Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International – CC BY 4.0). Research Article Abstract The genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979, is reviewed based on morphological characters and available molecular data of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. Four new taxa of this genus are described: E. supercostata sp. nov. and E. tigratoides sp. nov. from Hainan, China; E. xuei sp. nov. from N. Vietnam and Yunnan, China; and E. tigratoides leopardiformis subsp. nov. from Hubei and Sichuan, China. E. incrassata Xiang & Han, 2017 is downgraded to subspecies rank under E. languidata (Walker, 1862) (E. languidata incrassata Xiang & Han, 2017, stat. nov.). The subspecies E. languidata yakushimensis Inoue, 1976, is raised to species status (E. yakushimensis Inoue, 1976, stat. nov.). Adult males and females of all taxa mentioned above, including their genitalia, are illustrated, except for E. supercostata sp. nov. and E. xuei sp. nov., which are known only from males. An identification key and a geographic distribution map for all known taxa of Euryobeidia are presented. The systematics and mimetic relationships of Euryobeidia are briefly discussed. Key words: COI, Euryobeidia, mimicry, new species, new status, new subspecies Introduction The genus Euryobeidia, belonging to the subfamily Ennominae and, as we know today, to the tribe Baptini, was first completely diagnosed and described by Wehrli (1939: 269) on the basis of two nominal species, Abraxas languidata Walker, 1862, from Nepal and Rhyparia largeteaui Oberthür, 1884, from “Kouy Tchéou” (Prov. Guizhou, SW. China). Wehrli (1939) separated these from other species of Obeidia Walker, 1862 on the basis of their genitalic structures, but, unusually for him, did not designate a type species for his new genus Euryobeidia containing the two species in question. Leech (1897: 458) transferred Rhyparia largeteaui to Obeidia but was uncertain whether this treatment was reasonable and did not make any further comments. Prout (1915: 308) placed languidata and largeteaui into a separate group of Obeidia, Academic editor: Axel Hausmann Received: 3 May 2025 Accepted: 3 November 2025 Published: 21 November 2025 ZooBank: https://zoobank. org/2069CF50-6C1A-46DC-97AE5932C7BC40CC Citation: Liu B, Stüning D, Han H (2025) Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae, Baptini), with descriptions of four new taxa and two status changes. ZooKeys 1260: 313–343. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.1260.157773 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025) DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 314 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 based on wing-shape and venation. Many years later, a new taxon related to E. languidata from South Japan (Yakushima Island) was described by Inoue (1976: 20) as E. languidata yakushimenis, a subspecies with a wing pattern distinctly different from the nominate subspecies. Fletcher (1979: 84, 85) considered Euryobeidia Wehrli, 1939 to be not available under section 13(b) of the Code2 [now article 13.3 of Code-4] and validated the generic name Euryobeidia by designating Abraxas languidata Walker, 1862 as the type species. By the end of the 20th century, only two species and one subspecies were included in Euryobeidia (Parsons et al. 1999: 379). More recently, Sato (2011: 152) considered E. languidata yakushimensis to be a distinct species based on its markedly different external characters and differences in the male and female genitalia, compared to the nominate subspecies. This proposal was based on his comparative study of E. languidata languidata from the main islands of Japan and E. languidata yakushimensis from Yakushima Island, South Japan. However, he hesitated to provide a formal taxonomic treatment and argued that a comprehensive study, including more specimens from outside Japan, was needed to reach a definitive conclusion. Xiang et al. (2017) then reviewed the Chinese species of Euryobeidia, describing three new species: E. ellipsoidea and E. quadrata, both widely distributed, and E. incrassata, which is restricted to Hainan Island. They also recorded a few specimens of E. languidata from Southeast China and mentioned E. languidata yakushimensis, providing a figure of the holotype and a short diagnosis. However, they did not comment or investigate the status of yakushimensis by comparing the characters of their new findings to the latter. Rajaei et al. (2022) listed five taxa at the rank of species and two additional taxa at the rank of subspecies within Euryobeidia. To date, no additional Euryobeidia taxa have been recorded from their natural distribution range in East, Southeast, and South Asia. In this paper, the genus Euryobeidia Fletcher is reviewed, and four new taxa of Euryobeidia from China and Vietnam are described and illustrated. Additionally, we propose new status designations for E. incrassata Xiang & Han, 2017, and E. languidata yakushimensis Inoue, 1976. Material and methods Acronyms and collections CKY Collection of Katsumi Yazaki, Tokyo, Japan; CRICATAS Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China; CRS Collection of Rikio Sato, Niigata, Japan; IZCAS Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; KIZCAS Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; NHMUK Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; NIAES Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan; ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany; ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Germany. 315 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Morphology Terminology for wing venation follows the Comstock-Needham System (Comstock 1918) as adopted for Geometridae by Scoble (1992) and Hausmann (2001), and that of the genitalia was based on Klots (1970) and Skou and Sihvonen (2015). Abdomens were completely removed and briefly immersed in a boiling 10% KOH solution for maceration of the genitalia, which were then dissected in a 10% ethanol solution and stained with Chlorazol Black E. Photographs of adults and genitalia were taken with digital cameras, those of the genitalia by attaching the camera to a microscope. DNA barcoding This study used both newly generated sequences and publicly available data. Two sequences were downloaded from the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD: Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007), while the remaining sequences were newly obtained during this study and deposited in GenBank. Detailed sampling data for molecular analyses are presented in Table 1. For new sequences, genomic DNA was extracted from the legs of dried adult specimens. Sanger sequencing was then performed on fresh specimens using the primer pairs: LCO-1490 and HCO-2198, or LepF1 and LepR1 (Folmer et al. 1994; Hebert et al. 2004). Only a small number of older museum specimens were subjected to next-generation sequencing. The molecular analysis in this study included most known Euryobeidia taxa, with the exception of E. yakushimensis and E. supercostata. Material for E. yakushimensis was unavailable, and the single known E. supercostata specimen failed sequencing due to contamination. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed based on the Kimura 2-parameter method using MEGA 12 (Saitou and Nei 1987; Kimura 1980; Kumar et al. 2024). Genetic distances within and among species are reported as uncorrected pairwise distances (p-distance). Table 1. Sampling data used for molecular analyses in this study. Voucher/Sample ID Taxa locality GenBank accession numbers/ BOLD Process ID CRICATAS00283 Euryobeidia languidata languidata Fujian, China PQ083540 CRICATAS00220 Euryobeidia languidata incrassata Hainan, China PQ083537 CRICATAS00222 Euryobeidia languidata incrassata Hainan, China PQ083539 ARB00027908 Euryobeidia xuei Yunnan, China QMA5626-13 IOZ LEP M 52355 Euryobeidia ellipsoidea Gansu, China PX525429 CRICATAS00247 Euryobeidia tigratoides tigratoides Hainan, China PQ083534 CRICATAS00239 Euryobeidia tigratoides tigratoides Hainan, China PQ083538 IOZ LEP M 22920 Euryobeidia tigratoides leopardiformis Sichuan, China PX525430 CRICATAS00276 Euryobeidia largeteaui Hunan, China PQ083536 CRICATAS00263 Euryobeidia largeteaui Hunan, China PQ083541 CRICATAS00250 Euryobeidia quadrata Hunan, China PQ083535 CCDB-11874-H01 Eurychoria flavirupta Papua New Guinea PNGTY180-12 CRICATAS00211 Epobeidia tigrata Hainan, China PQ083279 Note: All the sequences generated in this study are available in the Suppl. material 1. 316 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Results Taxonomic account Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Euryobeidia Wehrli, 1939, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 4 (Suppl.): 269. Unavailable, type species not designated. Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979, The Generic Names of Moths of the World, 3: 84. Type species: Abraxas languidata Walker, 1862. Generic description. General appearance. Medium-sized ennomine moths, forewing length 17–27 mm. Included species are separated into the following two groups based on ground color: 1st group, including the type-species E. languidata, with ground color white to grayish-white; 2nd group orange, often fading to yellow over time. Wings with a large number of black, dark gray or dark brown spots, arranged in a similar pattern, with the exception of Euryobeidia yakushimensis stat. nov. Head. Antennae filiform in both sexes, flagellomeres of a short proximal part cylindrical, more distally they are laterally flattened, ventrally elongated, wedge-shaped, homogeneously covered with very short setae and with a pair of long, straight, spine-like setae, arising mid-laterally on either side near distal margin of each segment. Antennae of females similar, but thinner. Frons narrow, covered with slightly elongated or almost hair-like scales, the latter basally arranged around a tiny, central protrusion of the head-capsule; a concentric arrangement of scales on top of frons, between the bases of antennae, has been observed in some specimens of different species. Vertex covered with slightly longer and broader, distally dentate, obliquely erect scales. Labial palpi slender, roundly curved upwards, just reaching or protruding slightly beyond the frons, third joint small, but clearly visible. Proboscis rather short. Chaetosemata small, near eye margin. Thorax. Dorsum orange, yellow or grayish-yellow, typically with black dots: one on each patagium, two on each tegula, and two on mesothorax; slight variation occurs among species or individuals. Patagia and tegulae with lamellar, partly elongated scales, tegulae in addition with long hairscales. Legs slender, pale yellow or orange, with a few dark gray or black dots. Index of spurs 0-2-4, hind tibia not dilated and without scent-brush (hair-pencil) in males. Forewing not or slightly elongate, arched at basal part of costa, apex angled, termen smoothly curved. Fovea absent. Hindwing with a large white area at the basal ⅔–¾ (except for E. tigratoides tigratoides and E. yakushimensis), and a broad, rarely narrow, yellow, submarginal band with multiple black streaks or dots. Marginal line with black dots at vein-ends, absent in forewing of 1st group, absent or strongly reduced in species of 2nd group. Apex of hindwing rounded, termen minutely concave between vein-ends, posterior margin slightly truncated from the end of vein 3A to tornus and also on termen from vein-end of CuA2 to tornus. Venation (Fig. 1). Forewing: costal area very broad at basal ⅔; Sc evenly curved, but rather abruptly bent upwards near the distal 1/5 (most clearly noticeable in E. tigratoides, see Fig. 1); R1 arising from upper vein of cell rather close to the common stem of R2-5; R1 also often exhibits a distinct curvature opposite to the basal ends of R2 and R5 and a second curvature more distally and therefore reaches the costa closer to the apex; R2, as a typical character for the tribe Baptini, arises from the common stem of R3-5; stem R2-5 arising on a rather 317 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Figure 1. Wing venation of Euryobeidia tigratoides sp. nov. large distance from anterior angle of cell (origin of M1); M2 from the middle of the discocellulars; CuA1 widely separated from posterior angle of cell; CuP represented by a rather distinct fold, but with a very short and weak sclerotized vein near the base. Hindwing: Sc+R1 running closely parallel but not anastomosing with upper vein of cell at base (a common character of most ennomine moths); Rs arising at a rather small distance from anterior angle of cell; M2 absent; CuA1 arising at a longer distance from posterior angle of cell; 3A present. Pregenital abdomen. Abdomen densely covered with fine, whitish, orange, or pale yellow scales. Dorsal side usually with dark spots or transverse bands on each segment from T1 to T8, the spots vary in coloration and size between species and also individually, and rarely may even be absent in some or all segments (e.g. Euryobeidia tigratoides tigratoides). Laterally, a row of dark spots present, reduced or absent. Ventral side often with a small number of dark spots and patches of various size and shape, especially in the species-group with white or grayish-white ground color, fewer or even absent in the group of orange/yellow specimens. Integument with most tergites and sternites not conspicuously modified. T1 narrower than T2, appendages of intersegmental tergal phragma T1/T2 very long, strap-like. The 8th segment in males slightly elongate, broader than the 7th segment, posteriorly slightly sclerotized. In females, the 7th segment distinctly enlarged, 8th segment very small, tergite T8 rather membranous, with 318 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 a cup-shaped, round or oval invagination of unknown function (See the black arrow on Fig. 50; visible on dorsal side, behind the right arm of lamella postvaginalis; so far only observed in E. languidata). Tympanal organs of moderate size, shallow, without lacinia. Setal comb on third sternite and sterno-tympanal process both absent, which is consistent with the absence of dilated hind-tibiae with scent-brushes. Coremata not developed. Male genitalia. Very heterogeneous, especially the uncus with various peculiar shapes among species. It may exhibit the shape of a bird’s head, densely covered with setae, with a small or larger beak-shaped apex, pointed in lateral view, and a narrow neck of differing length. In addition, large, plate-like appendages from “head” may be present. The base of the uncus mostly is a transverse straight or triangular bar, with lateral socii, covered with fine setae. Only one species (E. largeteaui) exhibits a rather unmodified uncus. Common characters are rare, e.g. the weak gnathos, reduced to fine, sclerotized lateral arms, not fused at middle, or the large tegumen, consisting of two narrow, elongate arms, which are rather common also in other genera of Baptini. In Euryobeidia, the tegumen sometimes is swollen distally and curved ventrad, in other species it is not swollen, but stronger distally and narrower caudally. Transtilla sinuous, broad, band-shaped, slightly to heavily sclerotized. Vinculum short and strong, fused laterally with tegumen. Saccus short, rounded. Juxta groove-like. Valva long and slender, with a well-developed cucullus, reaching from apex back to center of valva, ending with a small, setose knob. Valva distally strongly curved dorsad, apex with a smaller or larger, sometimes lobe-like protrusion, resulting in a more ventral notch. Costa smooth or slightly protruding or with a large, broad process. Base of sacculus often with a lamellar, oval or triangular projection, dorsally more or less dentate and variable in size among species. Aedeagus elongate, apically narrowed, and sclerotized ventrally, often with a pointed process of variable length (extremely long in E. largeteaui). Cornuti spine-like or replaced by sclerotized folds and patches of vesica of various shapes. Bulbus ejaculatorius shorter than the aedeagus shaft; proximal part (near aedeagus) tube-like and short; central part U-shaped, open ventrally; distal part cap-shaped, large, with a long rectangular extension distally (Figs 40, 45, 46, 49). Female genitalia. Ovipositor short, papillae anales slightly elongated, densely and shortly setose, tip rounded. Posterior apophyses long and narrow, anterior apophyses shorter, strong, ~⅓–½ the length of posterior apophyses, their bases dilated or narrow. A triangular sclerite present between the bases of posterior apophyses, its size and shape vary considerably between species and subspecies. Sterigma well developed, sclerotized; lamella antevaginalis spined on posterior margin and more strongly so laterally; lamella postvaginalis a sclerotized plate of different shape, consisting of two layers of plates, connected proximally. Introitus bursae strongly sclerotized, more or less twisted, usually placed asymmetrically on left side in ventral view (situated in the center in E. largeteaui only). Ductus seminalis arising close to the end of the short, narrow, strongly sclerotized posterior part of bursa copulatrix (ductus bursae of authors). Anterior part of bursa large, oval or pyriform, distal ½–¾ abundantly spined inside, remaining proximal portion membranous, without spines. Distribution. China, Korea, Japan, India, Nepal, Vietnam (new record). 319 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Diagnosis. Euryobeidia species are very similar in appearance to certain species and subspecies of the Obeidia-complex (Inoue, 2003) of genera (mainly of the genus Epobeidia Wehrli, 1939) and the genus Abraxas Leach, [1815], which probably serve as models in a mimicry relationship. However, they are easily distinguished from the previously mentioned genera by their less elongate, basally arched forewings and markedly different genitalic structures. Within the tribe Baptini, Euryobeidia species can be easily identified by the pattern of prominent dark spots on the wings and the distinctive genitalic structures, particularly the peculiar uncus of the male genitalia. Key to all known species of Euryobeidia based on characters of external appearance and male genitalia 1 Ground color of wings white or grayish-white .............................................2 – Ground color of wings orange or yellow (when faded) ...............................7 2 Costa of valva in male genitalia smooth, narrow ........................................3 – Costa of male genitalia dilated .....................................................................4 3 Smaller in average size; color of gray-black pattern elements deep when fresh; yellow marginal band on hindwing broad (Figs 2–8, 56) ................... ..................................................................................E. languidata languidata – Larger in average size; color of gray-black pattern elements much paler when fresh; yellow marginal band on hindwing narrow (Figs 10–13, 57) ... ................................................................. E. languidata incrassata stat. nov. 4 Costa of valva in male genitalia significantly large and broad (Fig. 44) ...... .................................................................................. E. supercostata sp. nov. – Costa of valva in male genitalia only slightly dilated ..................................5 5 Uncus apically strongly modified, with a large plate on a short stem; wing pattern featuring the typical dark spots .......................................................6 – Uncus apically not or only slightly dilated, without a plate-like process; wing pattern without dark spots, except on hindwing margin (Figs 16, 17, 42, 43) ............................................................... E. yakushimensis stat. nov. 6 White area on hindwing smaller and yellow distal band broader; apex of valva strongly curved, terminal lobe of costa large; stalk supporting the large dorsal plate of uncus very short (Figs 9, 18; figures of genitalia see Xiang et al. 2017) ......................................................................E. ellipsoidea – White area on hindwing larger and yellow distal band narrower (Fig. 19); apex of valva more strongly curved, terminal lobe of costa much larger (see dotted circle on Fig. 45); stalk supporting the large dorsal plate of uncus long and narrow, shape of plate different .................E. xuei sp. nov. 7 Basal process of sacculus broad; apical lobe and neighboring notch of valva conspicuous ......................................................................................... 8 – Basal process of sacculus narrow; apical lobe and neighboring notch of valva inconspicuous or absent .....................................................................9 8 Larger in average size; hindwing entirely orange, without white basal area; uncus slightly shorter, with the stem strongly curved (Figs 32–37, 46, 47) ... ......................................................................................... E. tigratoides sp. nov. – Smaller in average size; hindwing with a large white basal area; uncus slightly longer, with the stem straight or only slightly curved (Figs 27–31, 48, 49) .........................................E. tigratoides leopardiformis subsp. nov. 320 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 9 Aedeagus short, apex broad and truncate; uncus irregularly shaped, with a large, quadrate plate posteriorly; hindwing with a white basal area, in addition, forewing with a white, but often indistinct area near hind margin, also present on underside (see Figs 25, 26; figures of genitalia see Xiang et al. 2017: figs 19, 24, 29) ...........................................................E. quadrata – Aedeagus long, with a long, hook-like extension apically; uncus elongate, semi-circularly extended on dorsal side, densely setose, without further modifications; forewing without white or with traces of white in a few individuals only, but always present on underside (see Figs 20–24; figures of genitalia see Xiang et al. 2017: figs 18, 23, 28) ........................ E. largeteaui Euryobeidia languidata (Walker, 1862) Figs 2–8, 38, 39, 50, 56 Abraxas languidata Walker, 1862, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 24: 1122. Holotype, Nepal. (NHMUK) Euryobeidia languidata: Wehrli 1939, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 4 (Suppl.): 269. Unavailable. Euryobeidia languidata: Fletcher 1979, The Generic Names of Moths of the World 3: 84; Stüning, D. 2000, Moths of Nepal, part 6: 110; Xiang et al. 2017, Zootaxa 4317 (2): 371. Type material examined. Holotype. Nepal • ♀; ‘Nepal’; Hardwicke Bequest; NHMUK. (Abdomen lost; see Fig. 2) Additional material examined. Nepal • 1 ♀; Kathmandu Valley, Godavari; 1600–1800 m; 5 Jun.1967; leg. Dierl-Schacht; ZSM. India • 1 ♂; Khasis; May 1896; Nat. Coll.; coll. Wehrli, ZFMK. China – Fujian Province • 1 ♂; Quanzhou City, Dehua County, Jiuxianshan; 1200 m; 12 May 2024; C. L. Huang & Z. Peng leg.; GenBank no.: PQ083540; gen. prep. no. CRICATAS00283; CRICATAS – Taiwan • 1 ♂; Nantou, Sang-Gan nr. Pu-li; 23°58'N, 120°55'E; Apr.–Jul. 2008; local coll.; ZFMK. Vietnam • 1 ♂; N. Vietnam, Vinhu, Tam Dao; 900 m; 29 May 1997; B. Tanaka leg.; CKY. Japan – • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ‘Japon, Wileman, 1898’; male gen. prep. Wehrli no. 5525, female gen. prep. no. 2460-DS; ZFMK – Tokyo • 1 ♂; Tokio; 17 Jun. 1910; gen. prep. Wehrli. no. 5517; ZFMK • 1 ♂; Abiko, Chiba Pref. nr. Tokyo; May 1914; ZFMK • 1 ♂; Chiyoda, Kokyo; 21 May 1998; Y. Kishida leg.; gen. prep. no. RS8877; CRS/ NIAES (shown by Sato 2011, pl. 1-015-9) • 1 ♀; Chiyoda, Kokyo; 11 Jun. 1998; Y. Kishida leg.; gen. prep. no. RS8878; CRS/ NIAES (shown by Sato 2011, pl. 1-01510) – Niigata Prefecture • 1 ♀; Niigata City, Nishikan-ku, Iwamuro, Parking of Yahiko; 23 Jul. 2007; R. Sato leg.; CRS/ NIAES (shown by Sato 2011, pl. 1-015-11). Remarks. Euryobeidia languidata obviously is extremely rare at its type locality, Nepal. The female holotype at NHMUK is the only specimen among a collection of ~50 specimens, half of them originating from NE India, Assam-Meghalaya region, the second half from Japan. The volumes 1–5 of the “Moths of Nepal”-series do not mention it and several thousand specimens from many localities in Nepal at ZFMK definitely do not contain it. The doubt about the correctness of the type locality has arisen, but was answered by the fact that a second specimen was found at the ZSM collection, Munich, a female collected near Kathmandu, the specimen mentioned above (Stüning 321 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Figures 2–19. Adults of Euryobeidia species. 2–8. E. languidata (Walker): 2. The holotype of Abraxas languidata, female, Nepal, NHMUK; 3. Female, Nepal, upperside, ZSM; 4. Ditto, underside; 5. Male, Khasi Hills, India, ZFMK; 6. Male, N. Vietnam, CKY; 7. Male, Tokyo, Japan, CRS/ NIAES; 8. Female, Niigata, Japan, CRS/ NIAES; 9. E. ellipsoidea, untypical pattern, female, Sichuan, China, ZFMK; 10–13. E. languidata incrassata Xiang & Han, stat. nov., Hainan Is., China: 10. The holotype of E. incrassata Xiang & Han, male, IZCAS; 11. Non-type, male, upperside, CRICATAS; 12. Ditto, underside; 13. Non-type, female, CRICATAS; 14, 15. E. supercostata sp. nov., holotype, male, Hainan, China, IZCAS: 14. Upperside; 15. Underside; 16, 17. E. yakushimensis Inoue, stat. nov., Yakushima Is., Japan: 16. The holotype of E. languidata yakushimensis Inoue, male, NHMUK; 17. Non-type, female, CRS/ NIAES; 18. E. ellipsoidea, paratype, female, Sichuan, China, ZFMK; 19. E. xuei sp. nov., paratype, male, Fansipan, Vietnam, ZFMK. Scale bar: 10 mm. 328 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 of the uncus, which indicates a rather close relationship of the two taxa. Distinguishing characters are the round, apical lobes of the valve costa which is markedly larger in xuei and the stalk connecting the central, beak-shaped part of uncus and the large dorsal plate is longer and narrower, the plate itself has a different shape. Moreover, the 3% genetic distance based on molecular data separates this taxon from E. ellipsoidea, justifying its recognition as a distinct, but closely related species. Description. Forewing length 19–21 mm in males. Similar to E. languidata, but wing-shape different: wings shorter, broader, apex and tornus of forewing and hindwing more rounded. Head. Antennae filiform, agreeing with generic description, shaft dorsally covered with silvery-gray scales. Labial palpus dark gray, with a few yellow scales at base of first segment, the latter with moderately long, obliquely upright scales. Second joint rather smooth, third joint very small, tapering. Frons narrow, covered with dark brownish-gray scales, those on dorsal ½ smooth, slightly elongated, basal ½ with a brush of more strongly elongated scales, covering a small, rounded protrusion of the integument. Vertex small, consisting of large, dark gray, obliquely upright scales, forming a triangle. Posterior of it and around the head runs a conspicuous, yellow collar. Chaetosemata present, near eye-margin, consisting of a few sensillae only. Thorax. Dorsum as described in the generic description, anteriorly yellow, posteriorly grayish yellow, with two very large, almost black spots behind each other. Patagia yellow with large, dark gray spots, tegulae with a yellow transverse band, a basal dark gray spot and a second spot and lighter gray hair-scales posteriorly. Legs yellow and yellowish gray, with some black dots. Tibia of hind-leg not dilated, without scent pencil. Wings with ground color clear white. Pattern of very dark, rather large, round spots, compact and partly fused near base of forewing. The more internal dots are suffused with brown scales, while the large apical patch and narrow bands along costa and anterior ⅔ of termen are dark silvery gray. A large spot in the middle of the hind margin absent, resulting in a broad, white band stretching obliquely through the forewing from near apex to hind margin. This seems to be the most obvious distinguishing element and is present in all known specimens. There are small yellow streaks near tornus. Fringe almost entirely black. Spots on hindwing reduced in size or absent, rendering the white area the largest of all species. Discal dot round, rather large. Base of hindwing with a group of very small dots. Yellow band along hindwing termen narrow, only sparsely dotted, fringe yellow with black, almost round dots. Underside with pattern very similar, but much paler. Venation agreeing with generic description, except that CuP is represented by a very faint fold, without a weakly sclerotized basal portion. Pregenital abdomen. Ground color of proximal ¾ of dorsal side pale yellowish gray, distal ¼ deeply yellow. All tergites with spots or patches of different sizes, shapes, and colors: T1 pale gray, with a deep incision proximally in the middle. Spots from T2 to T8 almost black. T2, T3 smaller, almost semicircular, T4-T6 rectangular, transverse bands (T6 smaller), T7 a very small spot, T8 a pair of rather large, quadrate patches (see Figs 19, 58). Laterally a row of black, irregular spots, decreasing in size towards tip of abdomen. Lateral and ventral sides deep yellow, with moderately elongated scales and irregularly distributed black spots of different size and shape. Shape and number of these spots is due to ample variation. Integument without distinct variations, tergite 8 narrow- 329 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 ly rectangular, sternite 8 much larger, laterally and distally rounded. Tympanal organs of moderate size, shallow, without lacinia. Setal comb on sternite 3 and sterno-tympanal process absent. Tergal phragma T1/T2 long, strap-like. Male genitalia. Uncus with a central, beak-shaped part, carried by a long and narrow “neck” which combines it with the forked base and the semicircular connection with the tegumen. From the central part, a long and narrow, spined stalk arises which supports a large plate of unknown function. It is rounded posteriorly and tapering to a slightly narrower end anteriorly (Fig. 45). The gnathos consists of tiny, sclerotized lateral arms, which are widely separated from each other. Valves long and narrow, with the costa smooth, slightly protruding on both sides. Apex of valva strongly curved back, with a large, round, transparent, sclerotized plate (but hardly visible). Sacculus with a large, oval, basal plate, its margin irregularly indented and covered with minute spines. Aedeagus moderately long, the sclerotized distal ½ flat and terminating with a short spine at the rather broad apex. Vesica with two cornuti of different shape which are fused at one end. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Vietnam, China (Yunnan). Etymology. The specific epithet is honoring the renowned Chinese taxonomist Prof. Dayong Xue for his outstanding contributions to the study of Geometridae. Euryobeidia largeteaui (Oberthür, 1884) Figs 20–24, 59 Rhyparia largeteaui Oberthür, 1884, Études ent. 10: 32, pl. 1, fig. 5. holotype ♂, China: Kouy-Tchéou, in coll. ZFMK. Euryobeidia largeteaui: Wehrli 1939, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 4 (Suppl.): 269. Unavailable. Euryobeidia largeteaui: Fletcher 1979, The Generic Names of Moths of the World 3: 84; Xiang et al. 2017, Zootaxa 4317 (2): 373. Type material examined. Holotype. China – Guizhou Province • ♂; Kouy-Tchéou (Guizhou); Abbé Largeteau leg.; gen. slide Wehrli no. 5578; ex coll. Oberthür, ex coll. Wehrli, ZFMK. (left forewing absent; see Fig. 20) Additional material examined. China – Hunan Province • 20 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Huaihua City, Xupu County, Taojinping Township, Shannaoao Village, Mountain woodland; 800 m; Jul. 2022; Chao Dai leg.; GenBank nos: PQ083536, PQ083541; CRICATAS, CRICATAS00251 to CRICATAS00282. – Hubei Province • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; W. Hubei Province, Wufeng, Yizhuxiang Mt.; 1560 m; Jun. 1998; Wang & Li leg.; ZFMK. Further 26 ♂♂♀♀ in ZFMK from Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, mainly ex coll. Wehrli, Oberthür, Höne. Vietnam – • 1 ♂; N. Vietnam, Lao Cai, Sa Pa; 1500 m; 25–28 May 1997; B. Tanak leg.; CKY • 6 ♂♂; N. Vietnam, Cha-pa, Mt. Fan-Si-Pan; 22°15'N, 103°46'E; 1600–1800 m; leg. Sinjaev & Simonov; ZFMK. Diagnosis. This widespread and abundant species is presented here for comparison with E. tigratoides leopardiformis subsp. nov., due to their nearly identical appearance. Diagnostic characters are given under the description of the latter. Distribution. China (Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou), Vietnam. 330 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Figures 20–37. Adults of Euryobeidia species. 20–24. E. largeteaui (Oberthür): 20. The holotype of Rhyparia largeteaui Oberthür, male, Guizhou, China, ZFMK; 21. Male, Hunan, China, upperside, CRICATAS; 22. Ditto, underside; 23. Female, Hunan, China, CRICATAS; 24. Male, N. Vietnam, CKY; 25. E. quadrata Xiang & Han, male, Hunan, China, upperside, CRICATAS; 26. Ditto, underside; 27–31. E. tigratoides leopardiformis subsp. nov.: 27. Holotype, male, Sichuan, China, IZCAS; 28. Paratype, male, W. Hubei, China, upperside, ZFMK; 29. Ditto, underside; 30. Paratype, female, W. Hubei, China, upperside, ZFMK; 31. Ditto, underside; 32–37. E. tigratoides sp. nov., Hainan Is., China, CRICATAS/ IZCAS: 32. Holotype, male, upperside; 33. Ditto, underside; 34. Paratype, male; 35. Paratype, female, upperside; 36. Ditto, underside; 37. Paratype, female. Scale bar: 10 mm. 331 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Remarks. A specimen from Baoxing, Sichuan, China, identified by Xiang et al. (2017) as E. largeteaui, is described in the present study as a new subspecies of E. tigratoides sp. nov., and is designated as the holotype. Euryobeidia quadrata Xiang & Han, 2017 Figs 25, 26, 60, 61 Euryobeidia quadrata Xiang & Han, 2017, Zootaxa 4317 (2): 374. Type material examined. The description was based on a large series of male and female specimens, the holotype designated from Zhejiang. Detailed type material data from IZCAS and ZFMK, see Xiang et al. (2017). Additional material examined. China – Hunan Province • 1 ♂; Huaihua City, Xupu County, Taojinping Township, Shannaoao Village, Mountain woodland; 800 m; Jul. 2022; Chao Dai leg.; GenBank no.: PQ083535; CRICATAS, CRICATAS00250. Diagnosis. This species is also shown for comparison with E. tigratoides sp. nov. and E. tigratoides leopardiformis subsp. nov., particularly the latter. Diagnostic characters are provided under E. tigratoides leopardiformis subsp. nov. Distribution. China (Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan). Euryobeidia tigratoides Liu, Stüning & Han, sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/9BDF3320-09C3-45E7-8629-9BF41FE1D955 Figs 32–37, 46, 47, 54, 63, 64 Type material. Holotype. China – Hainan Province • ♂; Lingshui, Diaoluoshan; 922 m; 01–03 Apr. 2024; Bo Liu, Wei Lin & Miaofeng Xu leg.; CRICATAS/ IZCAS, CRICATAS00230. Paratypes (19 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀). China – Hainan Province • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype; 20 Apr. 2023; Bo Liu leg.; gen. prep. nos. CRICATAS00243, CRICATAS00244; CRICATAS/ IZCAS/ ZFMK • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for holotype; 10 May 2023; Bo Liu leg.; GenBank no. PQ083534; gen. prep. no. CRICATAS00247; CRICATAS/ IZCAS • 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype • 7 ♂♂; same locality as for holotype; 07–12 May 2024; Bo Liu & Wei Yan leg.; GenBank no.: PQ083538; CRICATAS, IZCAS /ZFMK • 1 ♂; Lingshui, Diaoluoshan; 997 m; 21 Apr. 2025; Bo Liu & Wei Yan leg.; CRICATAS • 2 ♀; Lingshui, Diaoluoshan; 974 m; 10 Jun. 2025; Bo Liu & Wei Yan leg.; CRICATAS. Diagnosis. Euryobeidia tigratoides is the only entirely orange/ yellow species without a white pattern or area on the hindwing. This external character, together with its large body size, makes it very easy to distinguish from all other congeners. In addition to its distinct appearance, this species can also be readily differentiated from all other congeneric species (except for the next new subspecies to be described: E. tigratoides leopardiformis subsp. nov.) by the following two features of the male genitalia: 1.There is a protruding, rounded lobe bare of setae at the apex of valva, with a neighboring evident notch in E. tigratoides, while in other species, it is absent or inconspicuous. 2. The basal process of the sacculus is broader than in any other congeneric species. 332 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Description. Forewing length 21.5–24.4 mm in males, 25.2–26.1 mm in females. Ground color orange or yellow after fading, densely covered with numerous dark spots. More detailed general features see the previous generic description. Head. Antennae filiform in both sexes, ventro-laterally with a pair of long, spine-like setae on each segment. Frons narrow, covered with smooth, narrow, light orange scales, with a small, rounded, central protrusion near the base. Labial palpus slightly extending beyond frons. Vertex covered with erect, lamellar, light orange scales. Chaetosemata small, near eye margin. Proboscis short. Thorax. Dorsum bright orange, two large separate black dots present on mesothorax. Patagia and tegulae bright orange, patagium with a small black spot in most individuals, tegula with a small black spot at base and a large black spot at middle. Legs orange, a few small black spots mainly on the base, middle and end of the femur and tibia segments. Index of spurs 0-2-4. Hind tibia not dilated, without scent-brush in males. Wings entirely orange, without white pattern. Forewing not elongated, arched at basal part of costa, apex angled, termen smoothly curved, fovea absent. Forewing scattered with numerous small streaks or spots on basal, costal and terminal areas; antemedial line represented by three large dark spots, the large streaked patch on the middle of the costal aera, extending from the costa down to near the cell-fold (weak or barely visible in few individuals); six separate dark spots present outside the discal spot, getting larger from upper to lower; discal spot appearing as a large dark dot; fringes matching the ground color, interspersed with black. Hindwing scattered with numerous tiny spots or streaks on basal and terminal areas; the first two spots of postmedial line always fused, the second and third pairs are typically separate, the two spots within the second pair or within the third pair, very close or even connected only in few individuals; discal spot large, rounded. Underside of wings almost identical to upperside, but slightly darker. Area of wing-coupling pale. Pregenital abdomen. Abdomen covered with fine, orange scales; dorsal dark spots fewer than those of other congeners, and inconspicuous or absent in some individuals. Tergites and sternites not conspicuously modified. The 8th segment in males slightly elongate, broader than the 7th segment, posteriorly slightly sclerotized, posterior edge slightly concave in the center. Tympanal organs of moderate size, without lacinia. Sterno-tympanal process, setal comb and coremata absent. Male genitalia. Uncus short, “bird-headed”, dorsal apical part markedly dilated, densely covered with setae, “beak” part pointed in lateral view, stem short, strongly curved dorsad. Socii small, with fine setae. Gnathos weak, with a pair of short, fine sclerotized lateral arms only. Transtilla long, broad, sclerotized, band-shaped. Tegumen large, with long, stout lateral arms, distally significantly swollen, curved ventrad. Valva slender, apex strongly curved dorsad at a right angle, with a large, round, non-setose extension of costa, forming a conspicuous notch ventrally. Costa narrow, smooth. Cucullus well developed, from apex reaching back to center of valva. Basal process of sacculus quite broad, lamellar, dorsal edge with minute denticles. Juxta broad, heavily sclerotized, groovelike. Saccus small, rounded. Aedeagus slender, apically slightly tapering and ridge-like. Cornutus small, with a central groove. Bulbus ejaculatorius shorter than the aedeagus shaft, with a rather large cap. Female genitalia. Ovipositor very short, papillae anales small, densely setose. Apophyses anteriores slightly shorter than apophyses posteriores, basal ¼ slightly broadened. A narrow, triangular sclerite present between the bases of posterior apophyses. Lamella antevaginalis well developed, with large irregular serrations. 333 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Figures 38–43. Male genitalia of Euryobeidia species. 38, 39. E. languidata (Walker): 38. Fujian, China, gen. prep. no. CRICATAS00283; 39. Tokyo, Japan, gen. prep. no. RS8877; 40, 41. Euryobeidia languidata incrassata Xiang & Han, stat. nov., Hainan Is., China: 40. The holotype of E. incrassata Xiang & Han, IOZ-CAS slide no. Geom-7235; 41. Non-type, gen. prep. no. CRICATAS00220; 42, 43. E. yakushimensis Inoue, stat. nov., Yakushima Is., Japan, gen. prep. nos. RS7407, RS7411. Scale bars: 1 mm. 334 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 The ventral central plate of lamella postvaginalis large, broad at top, narrow at bottom, apical center slightly concave; dorsal layer with a pair of large, sclerotized, irregularly shaped, lateral projections. Introitus bursae slightly displaced to left side, strongly sclerotized. Posterior part of bursa fine, strongly sclerotized and twisted, connected to the ductus seminalis at middle, proximally swollen close to the bursa copulatrix. Anterior part of bursa pyriform, the distal ½ with many spines inside, the proximal ½ membranous, without spines. Distribution. China (Hainan). Etymology. The specific name is derived from its potential mimicry model, the nominotypical subspecies of Epobeidia tigrata (Guenée). Euryobeidia tigratoides leopardiformis Liu, Stüning & Han, subsp. nov. https://zoobank.org/25680A5F-1A5D-421C-B916-AC92F486F9E5 Figs 27–31, 48, 49, 55 Euryobeidia largeteaui: Xiang et al. 2017, Zootaxa 4317 (2): 374 (part). Type material. Holotype. China – Sichuan Province • ♂; Baoxing County, Dashuigou; 1591 m; 1–5 Aug. 2016; Le Cui leg.; gen. prep. no. Geom-04555; IZCAS, IOZ LEP M 22920. Paratypes. China – Hubei Province • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; W. Hubei Province, Wufeng, Yizhuxiang Mt.; 1560 m; Jun. 1998, Wang & Li leg.; gen. prep. nos. 2449-DS, 2450-DS; ZFMK. Diagnosis. This new subspecies is significantly smaller than the nominate subspecies and exhibits a strikingly distinct appearance, characterized by the basal ⅔ of the hindwing being white. However, the highly similar male and female genitalia and a minimal genetic divergence of 0.94% (see Table 2) strongly indicate a close taxonomic relationship, thereby supporting the treatment of leopardiformis as a new subspecies of E. tigratoides. In addition to the markedly different wing patterns, the former can also be clearly distinguished from the latter by the following characters of male and female genitalia: the uncus is clearly longer with its stem straight or only slightly curved when observed from a lateral aspect, the spines on the posterior part of bursa are more concentrated compared to the nominate subspecies, and the lateral process of lamella postvaginalis is less sclerotized than in the nominate subspecies. Furthermore, Euryobeidia tigratoides leopardiformis closely resembles the sympatric E. largeteaui (Oberthür) in size, habitus, coloration, and wing pattern, rendering them nearly indistinguishable by appearance alone. Another sympatric species, E. quadrata Xiang & Han, also similar in appearance to the two species mentioned above, can be distinguished by a combination of characters: a white patch or area on the forewing (this single feature is also present in some individuals of E. largeteaui) and the nearly fused second pair of dots of the postmedial line on the hindwing. The new subspecies can be readily differentiated from E. largeteaui and E. quadrata by the following genitalic characters: 1. Uncus is small, bird-headed, while in E. largeteaui it is large, semicircular; in E. quadrata, it is also larger, with an elongated apex and an extremely dilated, somewhat square, flake-like protrusion on the dorsal side. 2. Basal process of sacculus is quite broad with minute denticles along the dorsal edge, whereas in both E. largeteaui and E. quadrata, it is narrow and lacks denticles. 3. The valval apex bears a conspicuous lobe and a neighboring notch, 335 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Figures 44–49. Male genitalia of Euryobeidia species. 44. E. supercostata sp. nov., holotype, Hainan, China, IOZ-CAS slide no. Geom-4140; 45. E. xuei sp. nov., holotype, male, Fansipan, Vietnam, gen. prep. no. 2458-DS; 46, 47. E. tigratoides sp. nov., paratypes, Hainan Is., China, gen. prep. nos. CRICATAS00247, CRICATAS00243; 48, 49. E. tigratoides leopardiformis subsp. nov.: 48. Holotype, Sichuan, China, IOZ-CAS slide no. Geom-04555: 49. Paratype, W. Hubei, China, gen. prep. no. 2449-DS. Scale bars: 1 mm. 336 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Figures 50–55. Female genitalia of Euryobeidia species. 50. E. languidata (Walker), Japan, gen. prep. no. 2460-DS; 51, 52. E. languidata yakushimensis Inoue, Yakushima Is., Japan, gen. prep. nos. RS7412, RS8879; 53. Euryobeidia languidata incrassata Xiang & Han, stat. nov., Hainan Is., China, gen. prep. no. CRICATAS00223; 54. E. tigratoides sp. nov., paratype, Hainan Is., China, gen. prep. no. CRICATAS00244; 55. E. tigratoides leopardiformis subsp. nov., paratype, W. Hubei, China, gen. prep. no. 2450-DS. Scale bars: 1 mm. 337 ZooKeys 1260: 313–343 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.157773 Bo Liu et al.: Further taxonomic studies of the mimetic genus Euryobeidia Fletcher, 1979 Figures 56–64. Living imagos of Euryobeidia species in resting position. 56. E. languidata (Walker), Fujian, China; 57. E. languidata incrassata Xiang & Han, stat. nov., Hainan, China; 58. E. xuei sp. nov., Yunnan, China; 59. E. largeteaui (Oberthür), Guizhou, China; 60. E. quadrata Xiang & Han, Hong Kong, China; 61. E. quadrata Xiang & Han, Anhui, China; 62. E. tigratoides leopardiformis subsp. nov. or E. largeteaui, Guangdong, China; 63. E. tigratoides sp. nov., male, Hainan, China; 64. E. tigratoides sp. nov., female, Hainan, China. which is absent or inconspicuous in the other two species. 4. Apex of aedeagus is moderately long, slightly tapering, and ridged; in contrast, it is rather long and rodlike in E. largeteaui, and short and broad in E. quadrata. 5. Lamella antevaginalis is well-developed with large, irregular serrations, whereas in E. largeteaui, it is large and triangular with an upright sclerite in the center, and in E. quadrata, consists of two semicircular sclerites. 6. Lamella postvaginalis is rather large and M-shaped, with a pair of large, slightly sclerosed lateral processes, whereas it is much smaller in E. quadrata and quite small, barely visible, in E. largeteaui. Description. Forewing length 18–20 mm in males, 21 mm in the single female. Adults of E. tigratoides leopardiformis are almost identical to E. largeteaui in habitus, coloration, pattern and size, there are no consistent features to distinguish them. Typically, the six spots of postmedial line are fused in pairs, with the second and third pairs sometimes also slightly fused in certain specimens. However, the wing pattern observed in all four known type specimens of E. tigratoides leopardiformis is also found in specimens with nearly identical patterns within the extensive E. largeteaui collection. Currently, we believe that the two taxa cannot be accurately distinguished based on adult external morphological characters other than genitalia. Male and female genitalia. The male and female genitalia are strikingly similar to those of E. tigratoides tigratoides (see the previous description of