Co esponding au ho : ADINLEWA BISODUN JOSEPH
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A i ude o mass communica ion ainees o joseph Ayodele Babalola Uni e si y
(JABU) and Adeyemi College o Educa ion (ACE) owa ds jou nalism as a ca ee
BISODUN JOSEPH ADINLEWA *
Depa men o mass communica ion, acul y o communica ion, Adeyemi college o Educa ion Ondo, Nige ia.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1781-1796
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 16 July 2025; e ised on 24 Augus 2025; accep ed on 26 Augus 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.27.2.3061
Abs ac
This s udy is aimed a examining he a i ude o mass communica ion ainees o Joseph Ayo Babalola Uni e si y (JABU)
and Adeyemi College o Educa ion (ACE) owa ds jou nalism as a ca ee . The pe cep ion and social cogni i e heo ies
we e used as heo e ical ounda ion. The esea che adop ed pu posi e sampling echnique and as a esul ; a o al
numbe o 347 esponden s illed he ques ionnai e 110 (JABU Mass communica ion ainees) and 237 (ACE Mass
communica ion ainees). Findings e ealed ha Mass communica ion ainees chose o s udy he cou se due o hei
pe sonal decision bu majo i y o hem do no wan o choose jou nalism as a ca ee . The s udy ecommends ha school
managemen and depa men boa d should in oduce mo e p ac ical o ien ed cou ses o mass communica ion
cu iculum, Go e nmen should no in e e e in he ac i i ies o jou nalis s, and Ca ee jou nalis s should discha ge
hei du ies wi hou ea o a o .
Keywo ds: Mass Communica ion; T ainee; Ca ee ; Jou nalism; A i ude
1. In oduc ion
Jou nalism a guably is a p o ession ha is mos widely sough a e ac oss he wo ld. While i has been disco e ed also
ha mos emales p e e s udying jou nalism as a cou se, he same canno be said o hem making ca ee in he
p o ession a e g adua ion. Apke (2016) ci ed in Pa icia, Samuel, Calusa, Fisayo, I eoluwa and Omolayo (2015) s a es
ha since he incep ion o jou nalism as an a ea o specializa ion in mass communica ion s udies among Nige ian
uni e si ies in he 1960s, en ollmen s ha e been la gely popula ed by emale s uden s. Howe e , u he s udies ha e
equally e ealed ha only e y ew emale s uden s usually en u e in o he p ac ice o jou nalism a e g adua ion.
Jou nalism is he collec ion, p epa a ion and dis ibu ion o news, ela ed commen a y and ea u e ma e ials h ough
he media such as pamphle s, newsle e s, magazines, adio, ele ision, billboa ds, in e ne and books. Jou nalism as a
p o ession is an essen ial pa o he socie y. Apa om news and in o ma ion dissemina ion, i in ol es going ex a
miles in ge ing news wo hy in o ma ion by way o in es iga i e and in e p e a i e jou nalism in o de o b ing ou
hidden ac s and in o ma ion h ough he media o he people (Ali, 2010). Oko o and Chiweobo – Onuoha (2013) de ine
jou nalism as a e i able ool o in o ma ion dissemina ion, social mobiliza ion and con ol. A means o educa ing he
socie y and sensi izing hem on e y impo an issues a ec ing he li es o he people.
His o ically, jou nalism as a cou se o s udy s a ed in Nige ia in he ea ly 1960s, wi h only wo Fede al Uni e si ies
o e ing cou ses in jou nalism. While Uni e si y o Nige ia, Nsukka s a ed in 1961, he Uni e si y o Lagos, comme cial
hese p og ammes in 1967 wi h he in oduc ion o Diploma in Mass Communica ion which allowed s uden s o ake
cou ses in jou nalism. P esen ly, almos all highe ins i u ions o lea ning in Nige ia o e mass communica ion cou ses
leading o he awa d o a ious deg ees and ce i ica es and well as diplomas a Na ional and Highe le els up o
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Bachelo and Mas e s and Ph.D Deg ees le el. This is in a sha p con as o wha i used o be when candida es we e
eluc an o en oll in jou nalism as he p e e ed ca ee choice as agains cou ses such as Medicine, Accoun ing, Law
and A chi ec u e.
Jou nalism is a e y impo an ins i u ion in e e y socie y. I is he p ac ice o in es iga ing and epo ing newswo hy
e en s o human in e es as hey occu h ough he mass media. Jou nalis s can be said o mi o he socie y h ough
hei epo s and discou se o issues which span om di e se a eas o he policy (Chioma, 2015).
In con ibu ion, Oko o and Chinweobo-Onuoha (2013) as ci ed in Chioma (2015) de ines jou nalism o be “a e i able
ool o in o ma ion dissemina ion, social mobiliza ion, and con ol. I is a means o public educa ion and sensi iza ion
on impo an issues a ec ing he li es o he people”. This means ha Jou nalism is he collec ion, p epa a ion and
dis ibu ion o news and ela ed commen a y and ea u e ma e ials h ough such media as a pamphle , newsle e ,
magazines, adio, mo ion pic u es, ele ision, Bill Boa ds, he in e ne and Books (Ali, 2010).
Jou nalism is he collec ion, p epa a ion and dis ibu ion o news, ela ed commen a y and ea u e ma e ials h ough
he media such as pamphle s, newsle e s, magazines, adio, ele ision, billboa ds, in e ne and books. Jou nalism as a
p o ession is an essen ial pa o he socie y. Apa om news and in o ma ion dissemina ion, i in ol es going ex a
miles in ge ing news wo hy in o ma ion by way o in es iga i e and in e p e a i e jou nalism in o de o b ing ou
hidden ac s and in o ma ion h ough he media o he people (Ali, 2010). Oko o and Chiheb – Onuoha (2013) de ine
jou nalism as a e i able ool o in o ma ion dissemina ion, social mobiliza ion and con ol. A means o educa ing he
socie y and sensi izing hem on e y impo an issues a ec ing he li es o he people.
His o ically, jou nalism as a cou se o s udy s a ed in Nige ia in he ea ly 1960s, wi h only wo Fede al Uni e si ies
o e ing cou ses in jou nalism. While Uni e si y o Nige ia, Nsukka s a ed in 1961, he Uni e si y o Lagos, comme cial
hese p og ammed in 1967 wi h he in oduc ion o Diploma in Mass Communica ion which allowed s uden s o ake
cou ses in jou nalism (Apuke, 2016). P esen ly, almos all highe ins i u ions o lea ning in Nige ia o e mass
communica ion cou ses leading o he awa d o a ious deg ees and ce i ica es and well as diplomas a Na ional and
Highe le els up o Bachelo and Mas e s Deg ees le el. This is in a sha p con as o wha i used o be when candida es
we e eluc an o en oll in jou nalism as he p e e ed ca ee choice as agains cou ses such as Medicine, Accoun ing,
Law and A chi ec u e.
Jou nalism a guably is a p o ession ha is mos widely sough a e ac oss he wo ld. While i has been disco e ed also
ha mos emale p e e s udying jou nalism as a cou se, he same canno be said o hem making ca ee in he
p o ession a e g adua ion while mo e men ake i as a p o ession. Apuke (2016) ci ed in Pa icia, Samuel, Celuwa,
Fisayo, I eoluwaandOmolayo (2015) s a es ha since he incep ion o jou nalism as an a ea o specializa ion in mass
communica ion s udies among Nige ian uni e si ies in he 1960s, en ollmen s ha e been la gely popula ed by emale
s uden s. Howe e , u he s udies ha e equally e ealed ha only e y ew emale s uden s usually en u e in o he
p ac ice o jou nalism a e g adua ion.
Al hough he e a e a mo e emale s uden s in he discipline o mass communica ion, s udies ha e e ealed ha only a
ew o hese ladies become jou nalis s. Ali (2010p.5) submi ha
Almos all ins i u ion o highe lea ning in Nige ia o e s mass communica ion cou ses leading o he awa d o a ious
deg ees and ce i ica es, including Na ional Diploma, highe Na ional Diploma, Bachelo , and Mas e s Deg ees. The
inc ease in he numbe o emale g adua es om all hese Ins i u ions is no e lec ed in he media o communica ion in
he coun y. Each Yea , hund eds o emale s uden s g adua e as mass communica o s. A close look shows ha he
numbe o emale Jou nalis s s uden s su passed he numbe o males. Bu in he ield oday, a good numbe o hese
emale g adua es a e no seen wo king in he a ious media houses sca ed all o e he coun y
Schola s o all s ipes ha e examined he s a us o women in jou nalism h ough he p isms o hei own disciplines,
om his o ians documen ing he ca ee s o pionee s o cul u al s udies expe s heo izing abou how women wee
(McCluskey, 2011) in (Rauhala, and Lindg en 2012). In addi ion, Sociologis s and communica ion schola s ha e
measu ed he gende gap in news ooms and in es iga ed he media’s ein o cemen o s e eo ypes. Resea che s ha e
ga he ed da a on con en , ex ac ing meaning om clippings and ideo by coun ing bylines o conduc ing in e iews.
As in so many a eas, he mul idisciplina y o jou nalism schola ship, while en iching, mixes me hodologies and
con ounds e o s o summa ize indings and gene alize hemes (Rauhala and Lindg en 2012)
Mos o hese schola s ha e ound ou ha he e is a high a e o en olmen in o jou nalism as a s udy and no as a
p o ession. This implies ha women lo e o s udy communica ion cou ses in e ia y ins i u ions bu do no wish o
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p ac ice he p o ession, while mo e men lo e i as a p o ession. This could be due o ea , s e eo yping, he a i ude o
people owa ds women as jou nalis s o e en husband’s decision on he emale jou nalis .
1.1. O e iew o Jou nalism and Jou nalism P o ession
O e he yea s, jou nalism as a p o ession has been seen as men’s job due o i s dominance by he men olk. So many
ac o s ha e been a ibu ed o why emale olk a e no ully in ol ed in he p ac ice o jou nalism. Uma (2015) de ines
jou nalism as he occupa ion o epo ing w i ing, edi ing, pho og aphing o b oadcas ing news o o conduc ing any
news o ganiza ion as a business.
The wo d “jou nalism” acco ding o Uma (2015) is de i ed om he wo d “jou nal” which implies a daily egis e o a
dia y o a book con aining each day’s business o ansac ion. Jou nalism as a p o ession is no limi ed o a pa icula
gende . Ra he , i is a p o ession ha is seen as sui able o bo h men and woman (Ememyeonu, 1991). Bu mos emale
p e e lamboyan oles in adio, ele ision, ad e ising o public ela ions gen es o jou nalism. This is whe e he idea
o choice comes om o emale g adua es o mass communica ion in Nige ia.
Jou nalism is as media p o ession which o e s a a ie y o ca ee possibili ies. In jou nalism, he e a e di e en ca ee
op ion opened o in e es ed g adua es o choose om. They include: Include: Pho o jou nalism, news epo ing, spo s
w i ing, in es iga i e and in e p e a i e jou nalism, eelancing o newspape columns, news blogging, ad e ising and
public ela ions e c. Aina (2004) dis inguished some o he ca ee s a ailable in jou nalism: a epo e di e en ia es
a ious ca ee in jou nalism, s a ing ha a epo e is a jou nalis who seeks ou some in o ma ion using esea ches
and in e iews. Whe eas, in es iga i e jou nalism equi es a “keene news-sense” han he adi ional epo ing
echnique.
Ojomo (2008) desc ibed pho o jou nalism as “ elling a s o y wi h pho og aphs- epo ing wi h he aid o pic u e”. Pho o
jou nalis s a e no o dina y pho og aphe s, hey a e p o essional pho og aphe s ained in he a o elling o epo ing
he news h ough he came a lens. In addi ion, we ha e spo s p esen e s whose ocus in all abou epo ing spo ing
au oma ics ac oss he globe bu no hing mo e. Same wi h poli ical analys s, business analys s, heal h analys s, inancial
analys s and he new end, he ci izen jou nalism o news blogging news blogging is abou using he in e ne ne wo k
o epo news ac i i ies and make i a ailable o he e ogonous audience as i happens h ough any o m o social media
pla o ms like Facebook, Ins ag am, Wha sApp e c.
His o ically, jou nalism as a cou se o s udy s a ed in Nige ia in he ea ly 1960s, wi h only wo Fede al Uni e si ies
o e ing cou ses in jou nalism. While Uni e si y o Nige ia, Nsukka s a ed in 1961, he Uni e si y o Lagos, comme cial
hese p og ammes in 1967 wi h he in oduc ion o Diploma in Mass Communica ion which allowed s uden s o ake
cou ses in jou nalism.
P esen ly, almos all highe ins i u ions o lea ning in Nige ia o e mass communica ion cou ses leading o he awa d
o a ious deg ees and ce i ica es and well as diplomas a Na ional and Highe le els up o Bachelo and Mas e s
Deg ees le el. This is in a sha p con as o wha i used o be when candida es we e eluc an o en oll in jou nalism as
he p e e ed ca ee choice as agains cou ses such as Medicine, Accoun ing, Law and A chi ec u e.
The e is no doub ha jou nalism is a p o ession ha needs bo h male and emale gende . Howe e , i has been obse ed
ha he e a e mo e emale s uden s s udying mass communica ion han hose p ac icing o aspi ing o become
jou nalis s unlike hei male coun e pa s. Va ious s udies conduc ed ac oss ins i u ions o e ing jou nalism in Nige ia
also indica e ha he e a e mo e emale s uden s s udying mass communica ion han hei male coun e pa s. (Ali,
2010). Un o una ely, only a ew o hese emale s uden s ollow h ough o make a ca ee in jou nalism as i has been
disco e ed ha hey p e e o ha e ca ee in o he a eas o mass communica ion, such as public ela ions, ad e ising,
b oadcas ing, pho o-jou nalism, news cas ing, news blogging and publishing.
1.1.1. Ca ee
The in luence o ca ee choice has a las ing impac on an indi idual. I se es o be a p edic o and de e minan o hei
p ospec i e le el o income, na u e o wo k and consequen ly lea es a ma k on he pe sonali y, demeano and ou look
o an indi idual. Thus, one w ong decision can change he a e o an indi idual. I is di icul o e e yone o make a
decision ega ding hei ca ee . This indi idual ac ion is mani es ed on a la ge scale in he economic p ospe i y o a
na ion. Indi iduals who a e mis i s in hei wo kplace end o be less p oduc i e and e icien , and he e o e a e unable
o achie e hei goals.
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The concep has been explained by Omeika (as ci ed in Jones and La ke, 2005), who de ines occupa ion as a means o
li ing, which has he powe o change pe sonali ies, de e mine social s a us, p edic expec ed ea nings, de e mine social
g oups e c. Thus, i s impo ance canno be unde mined. Gi en i s complexi y, i is hen a poin o ponde upon as o how
ca ee decisions a e made. These a e elucida ed by Piaye (as ci ed in Alemu, 2013), who elabo a es he impo ance o
dialogue wi h pee s, sessions wi h college counsello s, and discussions wi h pa en s and eache s on ca ee selec ion as
“ca ee con en ion” o “ca ee con e ence”. Acco ding o him “ca ee con en ion is an ins umen o ca ee
in o ma ion”, and en ails he ollowing
• To c ea e awa eness ega ding a eas o in e es and p ospec i e ca ee ields.
• To help in sho lis ing p e e able jobs.
• P o ides oppo uni ies in which pa en s, employees and ca ee counsello s can exchange iews.
A c ucial in luence in decision making ega ding ca ee is he home en i onmen (James, 2000) as i lays he ounda ion
o a child’s pe sonali y. I ’s he pa en ’s upb inging which is he basis o he ou come o he pe sonali y. The alues o
he pa en s a e ans e ed in o he child. Besides he home, ano he majo de e minan o ca ee choice is media. I
p o ides exposu e a he ea lies s age. Media highligh s social a ails, global issues, ends and ashions, po ays he
glamou o a cul u e, and he gli e o he consume wo ld. Mo eo e , alk shows, documen a ies, mo ies and d amas
po ay ca ee s such as law, media and ad e ising as e y glamo ous and appealing, hus d awing s uden s owa ds
hem. Some imes he choices o he pee s also become a de e mining ac o in choosing a p o ession. O he ac o s which
in luence ca ee choice a e amily, pa en s, iends, cul u e, academic achie emen , heal h ac o s, exis ing income le el
and inancial cons ain s, media in luences, p ospec i e le els o income, employmen oppo uni ies, he social
accep abili y o p o ession, ecogni ion, and wo k sa is ac ion among o he s. The pu pose o his esea ch was o
in es iga e he a ious choices which ha e an in luence on s uden s’ ca ee choice. I looked in o he in e play o a ious
decision-making in luences on MS s uden s’ chosen ield. I sough answe s o que ies whe he MS s uden s chose hei
espec i e ields, had o econcile wi h ci cums ances o had a say in he decisions. I gi es an insigh in o he a ious
ac o s which in luence s uden s’ decision making.
1.1.2. Public Rela ions P ac ice
Public Rela ion (PR) is he business o c ea ing, sus aining and p omo ing good men al image o public and p i a e
o ganiza ions. I is a good ca ee pa h someone who s udied Mass Communica ion bu doesn’ ha e as e o p ac icing
adi ional jou nalism. This ca ee pa h can be ailed in wo di e en o ms. One has he op ion o wo king as an
employee o he o ganiza ion o which he p ac ices PR. The o he op ion is o wo k o PR i m o p ac ice PR as
consul an o o he o ganiza ions.
Whiche e way, PR p ac i ione will ha e o wo k hand-in-hand wi h jou nalis s who a e in he ield. He would wan o
in luence some posi i e media a en ion o his clien . A challenging pa o he PR is when one wo ks as C ises
Communica ion expe . This en ails designing and execu ing he app op ia e communica ion be ween he managemen
and he employees o an o ganiza ion in he ime o c ises.
Gene ally speaking, job g ow h p ojec ion in his ca ee pa h is an icipa ed a 21% in 10 yea s be ween 2010 and 2020.
Al hough his is he condi ion in USA, is being e lec ed ac oss he globe. The Nige ian condi ion o economic g ow h is
a posi i e sign o he same abo e a e age g ow h in PR ca ee o be eplica ed.
In e ms o sala y, PR p ac i ione s a e among he highes ea ne s among hose who s udied Mass Communica ion.
Whe eas hose wo king di ec ly in he PR uni s o p i a e o public o ganiza ions ea n up o $54,940 annually, hose
wo king as consul an s o as employees o PR i ms ea n up o $77,010 (U.S. BLS, 2013).
Beyond he adi ional jou nalism and PR p ac ice, he e a e many o he ca ee pa hs ha can be ailed wi h a g ea
success. This includes ca ee in Campaign Managemen , Independen Pho ojou nalism, P ess Sec e a y ship,
In o ma ion O ice o an o ganiza ion o a blogge .
Teaching jou nalism in he academe is hough one o he nobles p o essions, i is a guably one o he mos asking and
leas paying jobs wi h deg ees in Mass Communica ion. This explains why he e is dea h academic human esou ce in
Mass Communica ion ield a ound he globe. Ve y ew people a e in e es ed in spending se en mo e yea s in he
uni e si y and addi ional housands o dolla s only o ea n less. Wha is likely o compensa e is winning esea ch g an s
and compe i ion wi hin which is s i e han imaginable.
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1.2. Theo e ical F amewo k
Acco ding o McQuail (2007), heo y is a gene al p oposi ion, i is based on obse a ion and logical a gumen ha s a es
he ela ionship be ween obse ed phenomenon and seeks ei he o explain o p edic he ela ions. Theo e ical
amewo k on i s own is he conscious and delibe a e decision ha a esea che has made in e ms o heo y o
combina ion o heo ies, which guide his esea ch e o . The heo ies o be used o his s udy a e he pe cep ion and
social cogni i e heo y. The alidi y o his s udy is solely hinged on hese heo ies and shall o m he base o he s udy.
1.2.1. Pe cep ion Theo y
The pe cep ion heo y is an accoun o a i ude change de eloped by psychologis Da yl Bem. I asse s ha people
de elop hei a i udes by obse ing hei beha iou and concluding wha a i udes mus ha e caused hem. The heo y
is coun e in ui i e in na u e, as he con en ional wisdom is ha a i ude comes p io o beha iou s. Fu he mo e, he
heo y sugges s ha a pe son induces a i udes wi hou accessing in e nal cogni ion and mood s a es. The pe son
easons hei own o e beha iou s a ionally in he same way hey a emp o explain o he s’ beha iou s. The issue o
pe cep ion o image is so complex ha i has o be analysed wi hin a i ing heo e ical amewo k. This is so because
he e is a s ong likelihood ha indi iduals ha e di e en pe cep ions o objec s. Acco ding o Hu man and Ve noy
(2000), pe cep ion is he p ocess o selec ing, o ganizing, and in e p e ing senso y da a in o useable men al
ep esen a ion o he wo ld. On he o he hand, acco ding o Wo chel and Shebilske (1989), pe cep ion is he p ocess
o in e p e ing in o ma ion.
Besides, Szilagyi and Wallace de ined pe cep ion as a p ocess by which indi iduals a end o incoming s imuli, o ganize,
and in e p e such s imuli in o message ha in u n indica e an app op ia e ac ion o beha io . Thus, pe cep ion is an
ac ion in which someone gi es he s imulus and esponse abou some hing which happens in he eali y. Al hough some
people a e acing a simila objec , hey may ha e a di e en pe cep ion abou i . I is because e e yone has hei own
expe ience in he pas . The e a e many expe s ha desc ibe he ela ion be ween he people’s expe ience and
pe cep ion. Mouly (1973) s a ed ha wo pe sons looking a he same phenomenon may see e y di e en hings. Wick
and Pick also s a ed ha he e is a connec ion be ween pe cep ion and expe ience. Acco ding o Slame o, pe cep ion is
he p ocess by which a message o in o ma ion conce ning he en y in o he human b ain. Th ough con inuous human
pe cep ion, held a ela ionship wi h i s en i onmen . This connec ion is done ia he senses, such as senso y- iewe ,
lis en, ouch, and as e. This heo y is ele an o his s udy because i explains how JABU and ACE s uden s pe cei e
jou nalism as a ca ee and how hei choice is shaped by such pe cep ion.
1.2.2. Social Cogni i e Theo y
The s udy also adop ed social cogni i e heo y. The heo y was p opounded by Philip and Zille (1992). Only social
ca ego y heo y has been obse ed o ha e simila modes o o ien a ion and beha io ing which ela e people in he
same social ca ego y o such phenomena as mass communica ion in simila ways. They heo y posi s ha “membe s o
con empo a y u ban-indus ial socie ies could be s uc u ed in o social ca ego ies based on common cha ac e is ics
in o social ca ego ies based on common cha ac e is ics like social class, eligion e hnic iden i y and u al esidence, and
ha such ca ego iza ion has implemen a ions o mass communica ion message”. Acco ding o Ib aheem (2018) in Aina
(2003), i s o igin s ems om he need o ad e ise s o specialized audiences. I is assumed ha he ca ego ies o which
indi iduals belong p o ide hem wi h simila ame o e e ence and cogni ion.
Agbo, Ojobo and Ezinwa (2008) also s essed ha “membe s o a pa icula social ca ego y will selec mo e o less
simila communica ion con en and will espond o i oughly in equal way”. The e o e, mos emale mass
communica ion s uden s, who belong o he same social ca ego y in he socie y, de elop nega i e a i udes owa ds
jou nalism as a ca ee . As mos o he emale communica o s a e nega i ely a ec ed by he disc imina ions om he
socie y and hei amilies, i implies ha hey ha e esponded o he idea o no accep ing he choice o jou nalism as a
ca ee .
2. Da a P esen a ion, Analysis and In e p e a ion
The s udy aimed o examine he a i ude o mass communica ion ainees o Joseph Ayo Babalola Uni e si y (JABU) and
Adeyemi college o Educa ion (ACE) owa ds jou nalism as a ca ee . The esea che adop ed pu posi e sampling
echnique and as a esul ; a o al numbe o 347 esponden s illed he ques ionnai e 110 (JABU Mass communica ion
ainees) and 237 (ACE Mass communica ion ainees). The da a we e p esen ed in equency and pe cen age
dis ibu ion o he di e en ca ego ies o a iables ha we e displayed in he able.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1781-1796
1786
2.1. Demog aphic In o ma ion
Table 1 The gende o he esponden s
Gende
F equency
Pe cen age (%)
Male
161
46.4
Female
186
53.6
To al
347
100
Sou ce: Field su ey, 2025
Table 1 abo e shows ha 161( ep esen ing 46.4%) o he esponden s a e male while 186( ep esen ing 53.6%) o he
esponden s a e emale. Da a abo e shows ha majo i y o he esponden s o his s udy is emale, and ha he da a
we e signi ican ly ai ly dis ibu ed be ween he wo gende s.
Figu e 1 Ba Cha showing sex dis ibu ion o he esponden s
Table 2 The age b acke o he esponden s
Age b acke
F equency
Pe cen age (%)
18 - 30
256
73.8
30 – 40
71
20.4
40 abo e
20
5.8
To al
347
100
Sou ce: Field su ey, 2025
Table 2 e eals ha ou o he o al numbe o he esponden s, 256 ( ep esen ing 73.8%) o he Mass Communica ion
ainees o ACE and JABU we e be ween age 18-30, 71( ep esen ing 18.2%) we e be ween age 30 – 40 while 20
( ep esen ing 5.8%) o he esponden s we e aged 40 and abo e.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1781-1796
1787
F om he analysis p esen ed in Table 2 abo e, i was disco e ed ha majo i y o he esponden s we e be ween he
ages 15-25.
Figu e 2 Ba Cha showing age dis ibu ion o he esponden s
Table 3 The ins i u ion o esponden s
Name o ins i u ion
F equency
Pe cen age (%)
AAUA
237
68.3
JABU
110
31.7
To al
347
100
Sou ce: Field su ey, 2025
Table 3 abo e shows ha 237( ep esen ing 68.3%) o he esponden s a e Mass Communica ion ainees o Adeyemi
college o Educa ion (ACE), while 110( ep esen ing 31.7%) o he esponden s a e Mass communica ion ainees o
Joseph Ayo Babalola Uni e si y (JABU).
Analysis abo e shows ha majo i y o he esponden s a e Mass Communica ion ainees o Adeyemi College o
Educa ion (ACE).
Table 4 The le el o esponden s
Le el o esponden s
F equency
Pe cen age (%)
100
37
10.6
200
67
19.2
300
108
31.1
400
135
39.1
To al
347
100
Sou ce: Field su ey, 2025
Table 4 abo e shows ha 37 ( ep esen ing 10.6%) o he esponden s a e in 100 le el, 67 ( ep esen ing 19.2%) a e in
200 le el, 108( ep esen ing 31.1%) a e in 300 le el, and 135 ( ep esen ing 39.1%) a e in 400 le el. The analysis in he
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1781-1796
1788
able abo e shows ha mos o he esponden s o his s udy a e 400 le el Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and
JABU.
2.1.1. Da a p esen a ion on he a ious a i udes o Mass Communica ion ainees o JABU and ACE owa ds jou nalism as
a ca ee ?
This aims o asce ain he a ious a i udes o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU owa ds jou nalism as a
ca ee . I ems 1 o 5 om he s uc u ed ques ionnai e we e used o answe his ques ion; esponses o each i em on he
ques ionnai e a e he e o e p esen ed in ables 5-9 below.
Table 5 I esponden s like jou nalism
Responses
F equency
Pe cen age (%)
Yes
193
55.3
No
155
44.7
To al
347
100
Sou ce: Field su ey, 2025
Da a om he able 5 abo e shows ha 193( ep esen ing 55.3%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU
says hey like Jou nalism, while 155( ep esen ing 44.7%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU says hey
don’ like Jou nalism. The da a p esen ed abo e e eals ha majo i y o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU
like Jou nalism.
Table 6 The eason esponden s a e s udying Mass Communica ion as a cou se
Responses
F equency
Pe cen age (%)
Pe sonal decision
169
48.7
The ins i u ion ga e me he cou se
92
26.5
Pa en s/gua dians ac o
86
24.8
To al
347
100
Sou ce: Field su ey, 2025
In able 6 abo e, da a shows ha 169( ep esen ing 48.7%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU says hey
a e s udying Mass Communica ion as a cou se because hey desi e o s udy mass communica ion, 92( ep esen ing
26.5%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU says hey s udying Mass Communica ion as a cou se because
he ins i u ion o s udy ga e hem he cou se, and 86( ep esen ing 24.8%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and
JABU says hey a e s udying Mass Communica ion as a cou se because hei pa en s/gua dians made hem o s udy he
cou se. The da a p esen ed abo e shows ha majo i y o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU a e s udying
mass communica ion because o hei pe sonal decision o s udy he cou se, while ew a e because o pa en /gua dian’s
ac o .
Table 7 I esponden s will you choose jou nalism as a ca ee
Responses
F equency
Pe cen age (%)
Yes
158
45.5
No
189
54.5
To al
347
100
Sou ce: Field su ey, 2023
Da a om he able 7 abo e shows ha 158( ep esen ing 45.5%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU
says hey like Jou nalism as a ca ee , while 189( ep esen ing 54.5%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1781-1796
1789
says hey don’ like Jou nalism as a ca ee . The da a p esen ed abo e e eals ha majo i y o Mass Communica ion
ainees o ACE and JABU don no like Jou nalism as a ca ee .
Table 8 The aspec o jou nalism p e e able o esponden s
Responses
F equency
Pe cen age (%)
News w i ing/ epo ing
59
17.0
News cas ing
94
27.1
On-Ai -Pe sonali y (OAP)
106
30.5
News blogging/online media
69
19.9
In es iga i e jou nalism
19
5.5
To al
347
100
Sou ce: Field su ey, 2025
Da a om able 8 abo e show ha 59 esponden s ( ep esen ing 17.0%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and
JABU says hey p e e he news w i ing/ epo ing aspec o jou nalism, 94( ep esen ing 27.1%) o Mass
Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU say ha hey p e e he news cas ing aspec o jou nalism, 106 esponden s
( ep esen ing 30.5%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU say hey p e e he On-Ai -Pe sonali y (OAP)
aspec o jou nalism, 69( ep esen ing 19.9%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU says ha hey p e e
news blogging/online media aspec o jou nalism, and 19 esponden s ( ep esen ing 5.5%) o Mass Communica ion
ainees o ACE and JABU say hey p e e in es iga i e jou nalism aspec o jou nalism.
I can be deduced om he da a p esen ed abo e ha Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU p e e s he aspec
o jou nalism in his o de ; On-Ai -pe sonali y, news cas ing, news blogging/online media, news w i ing/ epo ing and
he less p e e ed is in es iga i e jou nalism.
Table 9 Responden s iew on i Jou nalism as a p o ession is gende biased
Responses
F equency
Pe cen age (%)
S ongly ag ee
63
18.2
Ag ee
61
17.6
Disag ee
90
25.9
S ongly disag ee
115
33.1
Undecided
18
5.2
To al
347
100
Sou ce: Field su ey, 2023
In da a 9 abo e, da a show ha 63(18.2%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU s ongly ag ee ha
jou nalism as a p o ession is gende biased, 61( ep esen ing 17.6) ag ee o he same mo ion, while 90( ep esen ing
25.9%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU disag ee ha jou nalism as a ca ee is gende biased,
115( ep esen ing 33.1%) o Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU s ongly disag ee ha jou nalism as a
ca ee is gende biased and 18( ep esen ing 5.2%) we e undecided.
The da a p esen ed abo e e eal ha Mass Communica ion ainees o ACE and JABU ha e a posi i e a i ude owa ds
jou nalism as a ca ee as majo i y o hem sees jou nalism as an unbiased p o ession.
2.1.2. Da a p esen a ion on he p ospec s and challenges o Mass Communica ion ainees o JABU and ACE owa ds
jou nalism as a s udy/ca ee ?
This seeks o asce ain he p ospec s as well as he challenges o Mass Communica ion ainees o JABU and ACE owa ds
jou nalism as a s udy and ca ee . I ems 6 o 14 om he s uc u ed ques ionnai e we e used o answe his ques ion;
esponses o each i em on he ques ionnai e a e he e o e p esen ed in ables 10-19 below.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1781-1796
1796
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