Kelly, Elish; McGuinness, Séamus; De lin, Anne
Resea ch Repo
P ac ical guide o moni o ing u al de elopmen policy in
I eland: Oppo uni ies and challenges
Resea ch Se ies, No. 173
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
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Sugges ed Ci a ion: Kelly, Elish; McGuinness, Séamus; De lin, Anne (2024) : P ac ical guide o
moni o ing u al de elopmen policy in I eland: Oppo uni ies and challenges, Resea ch Se ies, No.
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PRACTICAL GUIDE TO MONITORING RURAL
DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN IRELAND:
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
ELISH KELLY, SEAMUS MCGUINNESS AND ANNE DEVLIN
RESEARCH
SERIES
NUMBER 173
JANUARY 2024
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PRACTICAL GUIDE TO MONITORING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN
IRELAND: OPPORTUNITIES AND
CHALLENGES
ELISH KELLY
SEAMUS MCGUINNESS
ANNE DEVLIN
Janua y 2024
RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 173
A ailable o download om www.es i.ie
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ABOUT THE ESRI
The mission o he Economic and Social Resea ch InsU u e (ESRI) is o ad ance
e idence-based policymaking ha suppo s economic sus ainabili y and social
p og ess in I eland. ESRI esea che s apply he highes s anda ds o academic
excellence o challenges acing policymake s, ocusing on 12 a eas o c iUcal
impo ance o 21s -cen u y I eland.
The InsU u e was ounded in 1960 by a g oup o senio ci il se an s led by D T.K.
Whi ake , who idenUfied he need o independen and in-dep h esea ch analysis
o p o ide a obus e idence base o policymaking in I eland. Since hen, he
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Expendi u e and Re o m o suppo he scienUfic and public-in e es elemen s o
he InsU u e’s acU iUes; he g an accoun ed o an a e age o 30 pe cen o he
InsU u e’s income o e he li eUme o he las esea ch s a egy. The emaining
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and agencies, public bodies and compeUU e esea ch p og ammes.
Fu he in o maUon is a ailable a www.es i.ie
THE AUTHORS
Elish Kelly is Senio Resea ch Office a he ESRI, an adjunc associa e p o esso a
T ini y College Dublin (TCD) and a esea ch ellow a he InsU u e o Labo
Economics (IZA) in he Uni e si y o Bonn. Seamus McGuinness is a esea ch
p o esso a he ESRI, an adjunc p o esso a TCD and a esea ch ellow a he IZA
in he Uni e si y o Bonn. Anne De lin is Resea ch Office a he ESRI and an adjunc
associa e p o esso a TCD.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The esea ch unde aken in his epo was unded by he Depa men o Ru al and
Communi y De elopmen (DRCD) as pa o i s Join Resea ch P og amme wi h he
ESRI. We would like o hank hose indi iduals wi hin he DRCD who p o ided
suppo and assis ance du ing he p ojec , including e iewing ea lie d ags o he
esea ch. In pa Ucula , we a e g a e ul o Kenne h Jo dan and B óna Ní
Chobh haigh. Ou hanks also go o Alan Ba e[, Di ec o o he ESRI; John Cu Us,
head o he Economic Analysis Di ision wi hin he ESRI; and o he independen
e iewe s o he epo .
DISCLAIMER
This epo has been accep ed o publicaUon by he InsU u e, which does no i sel
ake insU uUonal policy posiUons. All ESRI Resea ch Se ies epo s a e pee -
e iewed p io o publicaUon. The au ho s a e solely esponsible o he con en
and he iews exp essed.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................... V
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................... V
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2 KPIS TO MONITOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OUR RURAL FUTURE: RURAL
DEVELOPMENT POLICY 2021–2025 ...................................................................................................... 5
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 14
TABLES
2.1 Po en ial KPIs o moni o Ou Ru al Fu u e’s schemes: Cu en ly a ailable and six-
way classi ica ion ............................................................................................................. 6
2.2 KPIs o moni o ing Ou Ru al Fu u e’s key deli e ables: Cu en ly a ailable a six-
way u ban– u al classi ica ion ......................................................................................... 7
2.3 KPIs o moni o ing Ou Ru al Fu u e’s key deli e ables: Cu en ly no a ailable a
six-way u ban– u al classi ica ion .................................................................................... 8
2.4 O he po en ial KPIs o moni o ing o e all u al well-being in I eland ........................ 11
ABBREVIATIONS
CSO Cen al S a is ics O ice
DRCD Depa men o Ru al and Communi y De elopmen
ESRI Economic and Social Resea ch Ins i u e
KPI key pe o mance indica o
LFS Labou Fo ce Su ey
SILC Su ey on Income and Li ing Condi ions
CHAPTER 1
In oduc ion
As pa o he esea ch p og amme be ween he Depa men o Ru al and
Communi y De elopmen (DRCD) and he Economic and Social Resea ch InsU u e
(ESRI), he ESRI’s second esea ch ou pu , De eloping a F amewo k o Moni o
Ru al De elopmen Policy in I eland: Oppo uni<es and Challenges (Kelly e al.,
2023) examined a ange o po enUal me ics ha he DRCD could adop in o de o
moni o he impac o he go e nmen ’s Ou Ru al Fu u e: Ru al De elopmen
Policy 2021–2025.
Policy e aluaUon is an essenUal ool o go e nmen because i ensu es ha he
objecU es o policies and p og ammes a e being me and ha ax e enues a e
being well spen . In many ins ances, policy e aluaUon in ol es using s anda d
coun e ac ual analysis o measu e he impac o a p og amme on a well-defined
ou come a iable, o example, he change in unemploymen a es ollowing he
in oducUon o a wage subsidy offe ed o fi ms hi ing pe sons on he Li e Regis e .
Howe e , in many policy a eas wi h wide- anging and c oss-cupng objecU es,
s anda d coun e ac ual analysis is no possible and policy e aluaUon akes he
o m o moni o ing changes in key pe o mance indica o s (KPIs) ha a e linked o
specific policy objecU es and gene al well-being le els. Gi en he la ge-scale
budge s associa ed wi h u al and communi y de elopmen , i is essenUal ha
I eland’s da a in as uc u e is sufficien o allow o effecU e policy e aluaUon in
hese a eas.
The ocus o his p acUcal guide is o p esen hose KPIs idenUfied in he
accompanying epo , De eloping a F amewo k o Moni o Ru al De elopmen
Policy in I eland: Oppo uni<es and Challenges (Kelly e al., 2023), ha a e cu en ly
a ailable o he DRCD o moni o he impac o Ou Ru al Fu u e. In pa Ucula , we
ocus on hose indica o s o which he six-way u ban– u al ca ego isaUon o I eland
schema om he Cen al S aUsUcs Office (CSO) is p esen ly applied. A key finding
om he s udy is ha applying a s anda d u ban– u al dicho omy o he
de elopmen o KPIs is o limi ed alue gi en ha his classificaUon masks a la ge
2 | P ac ical guide o moni o ing u al de elopmen policy in I eland
amoun o he e ogenei y ac oss a eas (Whelan e al., 2023). Thus, KPIs o which
he six-way u ban– u al classificaUon is applied o, o can be, allows o a much
g ea e le el o g anula i y in moni o ing he impac o u al policies and he
measu emen o u al well-being. The six-way u ban– u al classificaUon subdi ides
u ban a eas in o:
1. ci ies;
2. sa elli e u ban owns
3. independen u ban owns
and u al locaUons in o:
4. u al a eas wi h high u ban in luence;
5. u al a eas wi h mode a e u ban in luence;
6. highly u al/ emo e a eas.
The u ban subdi ision was unde aken on he basis o he p opo Uon o people in
employmen in ciUes, while he u al classificaUon was based on he p opo Uon o
usual esiden s in employmen in u ban a eas. We also p esen measu es o which
he six-way u ban– u al ca ego isaUon is no cu en ly applied bu which we ha e
idenUfied as being impo an o moni o ing u al de elopmen in I eland.
In ecen yea s, he e has been inc eased a[enUon paid a he EU and OECD le el
o he impo ance o he u al communi y and i s de elopmen . I eland has been
no excepUon in acknowledging and emphasising he impo ance o u al
communiUes in he coun y’s g ow h and de elopmen , along wi h he well-being
o i s ciUzens. The go e nmen ’s Ou Ru al Fu u e policy was designed as an
ambiUous plan o u al I eland ha no only ook ad an age o oppo uniUes in
u al locaUons bu also miUga ed agains he isks and challenges ha hese a eas
a e acing. The plan cen es a ound eigh key hemes:
1. op imising digi al connec i i y;
2. suppo ing employmen and ca ee s;
3. e i alising u al owns and illages;
4. enhancing pa icipa ion, leade ship and esilience in u al communi ies;
5. enhancing public se ices;
KPIs o moni o he e ec i eness o Ou Ru al Fu u e | 9
Requi ed KPI
Spa ial le el
equi ed
A ailable KPI
Spa ial le el
a ailable
Sou ce
IV. Ru al li ing
1.
Leng h o
commu e
Six-way
classi ica ion
Popula ion aged 5 yea s
and o e by jou ney
ime o wo k, school o
college
Small a ea
CSO: Census
2.
Ca usage
Six-way
classi ica ion
Numbe o ca s pe
household
Small a ea
CSO: Census
V. Ru al I eland’s unique ou ism, cul u e and he i age
1.
Visi o numbe s
by egion
Region
Domes ic a el by I ish
esiden s
Coun y isi ed
CSO: Household
T a el Su ey
2.
Numbe o
a ac ions
Coun y
A ac ions
All a ac ions
a e lis ed wi h
hei add ess
including coun y
Fáil e I eland
3.
Numbe o
accommoda ion
places
Coun y
Accommoda ion
All
accommoda ion
s a e lis ed wi h
hei add ess
including coun y
Fáil e I eland
4.
Numbe o
ac i i ies
Coun y
Ac i i ies
All places o do
ac i i ies a e
lis ed wi h hei
add ess
including coun y
Fáil e I eland
VI. Suppo ing communi ies o c ea e hei own u u e
1.
Poli ical
pa icipa ion
Six-way
classi ica ion
How much esponden s
belie e ha he poli ical
sys em allows people o
ha e a say in wha he
go e nmen does
Deg ee o
u banisa ion
(ci y, own o
u al)
CSO: T us
Su ey
VII. Ag icul u e, he ma ine and o es y3
1.
Numbe o
emale a me s
Spa ial le el
no impo an
Family and egula non-
amily wo ke s
(pe sons) on all a ms
Region
CSO: Census o
Ag icul u e
2.
Numbe o amily
a ms in emale
owne ship
Spa ial le el
no impo an
Family a ms
Region
CSO: Fa m
S uc u e Su ey
3.
Numbe s aged
less han 40
wo king in
ag icul u e,
o es y and
ishing
Spa ial le el
no impo an
Numbe s aged less han
40 wo king in
ag icul u e, o es y and
ishing, sepa a ely o
sel -employed and
employees
Region
CSO: LFS
3 Teagasc’s Na ional Fa m Su ey, including hei Sus ainabili y Repo s da a, may con ain addi ional KPIs ha could
be used o moni o his key deli e able.
10 | P ac ical guide o moni o ing u al de elopmen policy in I eland
Requi ed KPI
Spa ial le el
equi ed
A ailable KPI
Spa ial le el
a ailable
Sou ce
VIII. Islands and coas al communi ies
1.
Job c ea ion on
he islands
Islands only
Jobchu n componen s:
job c ea ion (numbe s)
Na ional
CSO: Jobchu n
IX. T ansi ioning o a clima e-neu al economy
1.
Demand o
elec ic ehicles
in u al a eas
Six-way
classi ica ion
New and second-hand
p i a e ca s
Coun y
CSO Vehicle
Licensing
S a is ics
Sou ce: Kelly e al., 2023.
As in De eloping a F amewo k o Moni o Ru al De elopmen Policy in I eland:
Oppo uni<es and Challenges (Kelly e al., 2023), we p esen he e, in Table 2.4, KPIs
o o he ‘high-le el ou come’ ca ego ies, such as heal h, well-being and educaUon.
These ypes o KPIs a e consis en wi h he emphasis in he li e a u e (e.g., OECD,
2020) on he impo ance o aking a holisUc app oach o moni o ing u al
de elopmen and well-being.
O he 17 ‘high le el ou come’ KPIs idenUfied, ou a e a ailable a he six-way
u ban– u al geog aphic classificaUon le el, while he emaining 13 a e no . In
p esenUng hese ‘high-le el ou come’ KPIs, we also include ele an indica o s
con ained in he CSO’s Well-being In o maUon Hub. Some o hese ‘high-le el
ou come’ indica o s could also be used o moni o how well he go e nmen ’s
cu en u al policy is meeUng i s key deli e ables. Fo example, he ‘dep i aUon’,
‘income and weal h’ and ‘economy and jobs’ KPIs could be used o moni o he
effecU eness o Ou Ru al Fu u e in meeUng i s ‘ e i alising u al owns and illages’
key deli e able.
KPIs o moni o he e ec i eness o Ou Ru al Fu u e | 11
TABLE 2.4 OTHER POTENTIAL KPIS FOR MONITORING OVERALL RURAL WELL-BEING IN IRELAND
Requi ed KPI
Spa ial le el
equi ed
A ailable KPI
Spa ial le el
a ailable
Sou ce
I. Dep i a ion
1.
A isk o po e y,
consis en po e y,
dep i a ion
Six-way
classi ica ion
Key na ional indica o s o
po e y and social
exclusion
Six-way
classi ica ion
CSO: U ban and
Ru al Li e in
I eland
2.
Dep i a ion Index
Six-way
classi ica ion
Change in he pe cen age
o small a eas which a e
deemed mos dep i ed
o e ime
Small a ea
(some
calcula ion
needed)
Pobal HP
[Haase-
P a schke]
Dep i a ion
Index
II. Income and weal h
1.
Households making
ends mee wi h
g ea di icul y
Six-way
classi ica ion
Pe cen age o pe sons in
he o al popula ion who
a e in he s a e o
en o ced inabili y o make
ends mee
U ban– u al
spli
CSO: SILC
III. Economy and jobs
1.
Good jobs
U ban– u al
Pe cen age o people on
pe manen con ac s (o
on empo a y con ac s
and no seeking
pe manen wo k), who
ea n wha could be
deemed a li ing wage and
a e no o e wo ked
(wo king mo e han 49
hou s/week)
Such a a iable
is no a ailable
bu could be
gene a ed om
a ious CSO
sou ces
p ima ily he LFS
IV. Access o se ices and anspo
1.
Dis ance o
na ional p ima y
and seconda y
oads
Six-way
classi ica ion
Popula ion in 2016:
dis ance o na ional
p ima y and seconda y
oad ne wo k
Region and
coun y
CSO: Measu ing
Dis ance o
E e yday
Se ices in
I eland
2.
Access o e e yday
se ices: GP,
pha macy, bank,
ga da s a ion, i e
s a ion, lib a y, e c.
Six-way
classi ica ion
Popula ion in 2016 o
e e yday se ices
Region and
coun y
CSO: Measu ing
Dis ance o
E e yday
Se ices in
I eland
3.
Access o local
se ices
Six-way
classi ica ion
Households who we e
able o access local
se ices (le el o
accessibili y)
U ban– u al
spli
CSO: SILC Repo
on Household
Ameni ies and
Access o
Se ices
12 | P ac ical guide o moni o ing u al de elopmen policy in I eland
Requi ed KPI
Spa ial le el
equi ed
A ailable KPI
Spa ial le el
a ailable
Sou ce
V. Well-being
1.
Popula ion wi h a
leas wo people o
whom hey a e
close enough o
coun on i hey
had a se ious
p oblem
Six-way
classi ica ion
How many people (e.g.,
neighbou s and iends)
pe sons aged 15 yea s and
o e can coun on in he
e en o a se ious p oblem
Region
CSO: I ish Heal h
Su ey Ca e s
VI. Heal h
1.
P e alence o
disabili ies
Six-way
classi ica ion
Popula ion usually
esiden and p esen wi h
a disabili y
Six-way
classi ica ion
CSO: U ban and
Ru al Li e in
I eland
2.
Sel - a ed heal h
Six-way
classi ica ion
Popula ion: gene al heal h
Six-way
classi ica ion
CSO: U ban and
Ru al Li e in
I elanda
3.
Men al heal h
Six-way
classi ica ion
All pe sons aged 15 and
o e , men al-heal h s a us
in p e ious wo weeks
Region
CSO: I ish Heal h
Su eya
4.
In ol emen in
spo s o physical
ac i i ies
Six-way
classi ica ion
Pe sons aged 15 yea s and
o e who pa icipa e in
spo o o he physical
ac i i y
Region,
deg ee o
u banisa ion
CSO: Qua e ly
Na ional
Household
Su ey Spo s
and Physical
Exe ciseb
VII. Educa ion
1.
Educa ional
a ainmen
Six-way
classi ica ion
Popula ion aged 15 yea s
and o e by sex and
highes le el o educa ion
comple ed
Small a ea
CSO: Census
2.
Engagemen wi h
u he educa ion
Six-way
classi ica ion
Pe sons aged 25–64 who
wan ed o pa icipa e
mo e in u he educa ion
Region
CSO: Adul
Educa ion
Su ey
VIII. Housing and buil en i onmen
1.
New dwelling
comple ions
Six-way
classi ica ion
Recen ly cons uc ed
dwellings
Local elec o al
a ea, local
au ho i y,
egion
CSO: New
Dwelling
Comple ions
IX. En i onmen , clima e and biodi e si y
1.
Pollu ion, g ime o
o he
en i onmen al
p oblems
Six-way
classi ica ion
Pe cen age o households
who ace he p oblem o
pollu ion, g ime o o he
en i onmen al p oblems
in he local a ea such as
smoke, dus , unpleasan
smells o pollu ed wa e
U ban– u al
spli
CSO: SILC
KPIs o moni o he e ec i eness o Ou Ru al Fu u e | 13
Requi ed KPI
Spa ial le el
equi ed
A ailable KPI
Spa ial le el
a ailable
Sou ce
X. O he
1.
Reliance on social
wel a e
Six-way
classi ica ion
P opo ion o households
whe e wo king-age social
wel a e was he majo i y
income
Six-way
classi ica ion
CSO: U ban and
Ru al Li e in
I eland
No es: (a) The Depa men o Heal h’s ‘Heal hy I eland Su ey’ also likely con ains such da a. (b) Da a also a ailable in
G owing Up in I eland, The I ish Longi udinal S udy on Ageing (TILDA) and he I ish Spo s Moni o (ISM).
Fo he mos pa , he da a sou ces o he idenUfied KPIs in Tables 2.2–2.4 a e all
publicly a ailable, wi h he majo i y being colla ed by he CSO and a ailable on hei
websi e. In some ins ances, he idenUfied KPIs ha e been d awn om s a e agency
da a sou ces, such as Pobal’s HP Index. Fo all KPI da a, he DRCD will need o hold
discussions wi h he ele an o ganisaUons ha hold he equi ed da a o ensu e
ha hey ob ain he da a needed o moni o he impac o Ou Ru al Fu u e, and
o he da a o be p o ided a he mos de ailed spaUal le el easible.
In he con ex o moni o ing he effecU eness o he cu en u al de elopmen
policy, i he CSO’s six-way u ban– u al classificaUon is applied o mo e a ailable
da a, hen he numbe o a ailable indica o s o moni o he cu en policy’s
effecU eness in achie ing i s key deli e ables would ise om nine o 45, while he
numbe o KPIs a ailable o moni o he plan’s effecU eness in imp o ing o e all
u al well-being would inc ease o 69 om ou . Fo his eason, i is impe aU e ha
effo s a e made o achie e his: effecU e moni o ing o he impac s o u al policy
iniUaU es in I eland is no achie able wi h jus nine me ics a ailable a he
equi ed spaUal le el.
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