DIW Be lin / SOEP (Ed.)
Resea ch Repo
SOEP-Co e - 2022: Sel -employed pe sons (wi h e e ence
o a iables)
SOEP Su ey Pape s, No. 1402
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
Ge man Ins i u e o Economic Resea ch (DIW Be lin)
Sugges ed Ci a ion: DIW Be lin / SOEP (Ed.) (2024) : SOEP-Co e - 2022: Sel -employed pe sons (wi h
e e ence o a iables), SOEP Su ey Pape s, No. 1402, Deu sches Ins i u ü Wi scha s o schung
(DIW), Be lin
This Ve sion is a ailable a :
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1402
2024
Se ies A – Su ey Ins umen s (E hebungsins umen e)
SOEP-Co e – 2022: Sel -employed
Pe sons (wi h Re e ence o
Va iables)
SOEP G oup
Running since 1984, he Ge man Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) is a wide- anging ep esen a i e lon-
gi udinal s udy o p i a e households, loca ed a he Ge man Ins i u e o Economic Resea ch,
DIW Be lin.
The aim o he SOEP Su ey Pape s Se ies is o ho oughly documen he su ey’s da a collec ion and
da a p ocessing. The SOEP Su ey Pape s is comp ised o he ollowing se ies:
Se ies A – Su ey Ins umen s (E hebungsins umen e)
Se ies B – Su ey Repo s (Me hodenbe ich e)
Se ies C – Da a Documen a ion (Da endokumen a ionen)
Se ies D – Va iable Desc ip ions and Coding
Se ies E – SOEPmoni o s
Se ies F – SOEP Newsle e s
Se ies G – Gene al Issues and Teaching Ma e ials
The SOEP Su ey Pape s a e a ailable a h p://www.diw.de/soepsu eypape s
Edi o s:
D . Ca ina Co nesse, DIW Be lin and Uni e si y o B emen
D . Jan Goebel, DIW Be lin
P o . D . Co nelia K is en, Uni e si y o Bambe g and DIW Be lin
P o . D . Philipp Le sch, DIW Be lin and Humbold -Uni e si ä zu Be lin
P o . D . Ca s en Sch öde , DIW Be lin and F eie Uni e si ä Be lin
P o . D . Jü gen Schupp, DIW Be lin and F eie Uni e si ä Be lin
P o . D . Sabine Zinn, DIW Be lin and Humbold -Uni e si ä zu Be lin
Please ci e his pape as ollows:
SOEP G oup, 2024. SOEP-Co e – 2022: Sel -employed Pe sons (wi h Re e ence o Va iables). SOEP
Su ey Pape s 1402: Se ies A – Su ey Ins umen s (E hebungsins umen e). Be lin: DIW Be lin/SOEP
This wo k is licensed unde a C ea i e Commons A ibu ion-Sha eAlike 4.0 In e na ional License.
© 2024 by SOEP
ISSN: 2193-5580 (online)
DIW Be lin
Ge man Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP)
Moh ens . 58
10117 Be lin
Ge many
soeppape [email protected]
The Ge man Socio Economic Panel a DIW Be lin
SOEP-Co e – 2022: Sel -employed Pe sons
(wi h Re e ence o Va iables)
SOEP G oup
2024
The a iable names men ioned in his documen belong o a collec ion o da ase s, which is eleased
wi h doi:10.5684/soep.co e. 39o.
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
Con en s
B1 O ganiza ional ea u es 4
Tex 1 We s a wi h ques ions abou some o he o ganiza ional ea u es o you company. 4
B4 Pe sonnel s uc u e 6
Tex 2 Now we would like o know whe he you a e sel -employed on you own o whe he
you ha e o he employees in you business. ..................... 6
B5 In es men s and inno a ion 11
Tex 3 The nex hema ic block deals wi h in es men s in you company. ......... 11
B6 Pe sonnel managemen 12
Tex 4 Fu he , we would like o know how you o ganize you day- o-day business and you
ela ionships wi h you employees. ......................... 12
B7 Labo ela ions 17
B8 Remune a ion 17
B9 Digi aliza ion 20
Tex 5 Nex , we will ask you abou he digi aliza ion in you company, i s cu en s a us, and
i s impac on you wo k. .............................. 20
B10 E ec s o he co ona i us pandemic 25
Tex 6 Finally, we would like o know how he co ona i us pandemic has impac ed you
business. ...................................... 25
B11 Fu he in o ma ion abou he company 28
B12 Pe sonal a i udes 31
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 2
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
Reading Aid
This ep esen a ion o he ques ionnai e con ains he same in o ma ions as he po al panelda a.o g.
Q72:ls a1=2
in e iewe
ins uc�on
answe
op�ons
in g een:
da ase name
a iable name
a iable label
in blue:
iden�fie
o fil e
in blue:
fil e wi h
condi�on
g ey ba :
open o
nume ic
answe
ques�on ex
Q72 Now we would like o know some hing abou you pe sonally. We e you bo n
in Ge many?
This e e s o Ge many o he Fede al Republic o Ge many o he Ge man Democ a ic Re‐
public in he na ional bo de s a he ime o you bi h.
Yes 1
No 2
No answe -1
bio l0013 bo n in Ge many
Q73 Wha coun y we e you bo n in?
Please en e he cu en name!
Q73:ls a2 bio l0016 Coun y O Bi h
ques�on
numbe
Q72:ls a1
He e, in addi ion o he ques ion numbe ,ques ion ex ,in e iewe ins uc ions, and answe op ions,
you ind p in ed in g een he ile name and he a iable name wi h he a iable label, which con-
ains in o ma ion om he ques ion. I you see ows o g een lines below he answe op ion, he
ques ionnai e de ines se e al a iables o in o ma ions a e s o ed in mo e han one da a se .
The ou ing by il e s is depic ed in blue.
Each a iable is p eceded by an iden i ie , which usually con ains he ques ion numbe and which is
used when he a iable is used in il e s in subsequen ques ions. Such il e s a e usually placed as
inpu il e s (ga ekeepe s) a he beginning o a ques ion. An iden i ie ha is e e ed o in he inpu
il e o a subsequen ques ion is ma ked yellow as an example.
This eading aid does no co e a ew excep ional cases: I he il e (as ga ekeepe ) only a ec s one
o se e al a iables o a ques ion, he il e is p in ed in blue behind he a iable. The e you will also
ind a “go o” command in he o m 2 @ Q73. He e, he ques ionnai e skips o ques ion 73 i answe
2 was gi en.
Ph ases ha a e no al eday ansla ed in English a e displayed in Ge man and p eceded by [de].
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 3
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
B1 O ganiza ional ea u es
Tex 1 We s a wi h ques ions abou some o he o ganiza ional ea u es o you
company.
1You ha e s a ed ha you a e sel -employed. How did you ound you company?
I ounded he company on my own 1
I ounded he company as pa o a eam 2
I ha e aken o e he company comple ely 3
I ha e joined a eam as a pa ne 4
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
1:elb0301_ 2 sel empl elb0301_ 2 How company was ounded
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
1;elb0301_ 2=2
2a Wi h how many o he people did you ound he company?
1:99
2a:elb0302 sel empl elb0302 Numbe o addi ional pe sons a ounda ion
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
1;elb0301_ 2=2
2b How many women we e on he ounding eam?
0:99
2b:elb0630 sel empl elb0630 Numbe o women in he ounding eam
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
1;elb0301_ 2=2
2c How many pe sons wi h mig a ion backg ound we e on he ounding eam?
0:99
2c:elb0631 sel empl elb0631 Numbe o people wi h a mig a ion backg ound in he ounding
eam
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
1;elb0301_ 2=4
3a How many o he people we e in he eam ha you joined as a pa ne ?
1:99
3a:elb0303 sel empl elb0303 Numbe o o he people in he eam when joined as a pa ne
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 4
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
1;elb0301_ 2=4
3b How many o hem we e women?
0:99
3b:elb0632 sel empl elb0632 Numbe o women when joined as pa ne
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
1;elb0301_ 2=4
3c How many o hem had a mig a ion backg ound?
0:99
3c:elb0633 sel empl elb0633 Numbe o people wi h a mig a ion backg ound when joined as
pa ne
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
1;elb0301_ 2=2,4
4Does you company ha e a majo i y owne ?
Yes 1
No 2
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
4:be _eigen sel empl elb0003 Majo i y owne p esen
(1;elb0301_ 2=2,4) & (4;be _eigen =1)
5Wha pe cen age o you company is owned by he majo i y sha eholde ?
[…] pe cen 0:100
5:be _eigen 2 sel empl elb0004 Majo i y sha eholding in %
5:be _eigen 2 sel empl elb0004_ca Majo i y sha eholding in % [ca ego ies]
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
6In which yea was you company ounded, ega dless o any changes in legal o m, loca-
ion o owne ship?
I you canno speci y exac ly, please es ima e.
In he yea : :2022
6:be _g uendung sel empl elb0006 Founding yea o company
6:be _g uendung sel empl elb0006_ca Founding yea o company [ca ego ies]
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 5
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
1;elb0301_ 2=3
6a When did you ake o e he company?
I you canno speci y exac ly, please es ima e.
In he yea : 1900:2022
6a:elb0313 sel empl elb0313 Yea : Takeo e da e
6a:elb0313 sel empl elb0313_ca Yea : Takeo e da e [ca ego ies]
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
1;elb0301_ 2=4
6b When did you join he company?
I you canno speci y exac ly, please es ima e.
In he yea : 1900:2022
6b:elb0318 sel empl elb0318 Yea : En y da e
6b:elb0318 sel empl elb0318_ca Yea : En y da e [ca ego ies]
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
B4 Pe sonnel s uc u e
Tex 2 Now we would like o know whe he you a e sel -employed on you own o
whe he you ha e o he employees in you business.
7We e he e dependen employees wo king in you company in 2021?
Dependen employees include ull- ime and pa - ime employees, wo ke s, app en ices, s uden s,
and in e ns.
Yes 1
No 2
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
7:elb0636 sel empl elb0636 Employees wo king in he company in he las yea ?
7;elb0636=1
8How many employees did you company ha e on June 30, 2021, b oken down by he
employmen g oups men ioned? And wha was he sha e o women?
Please en e "0" o g oups ha do no occu .
Employees subjec o social insu ance con ibu ions
Blue- and whi e-colla employees, excluding ma ginal employees
[Blue-colla and whi e-colla employees] Numbe o espec i e
employees on 30.06.2021
0:999999
[Blue- and whi e-colla employees] O which sha e o women
(in %) [...] %
0:100
8:anz_besch sel empl elb0013 Numbe o employees excluding ma ginally
employeed on June 30 las yea
8:anz_besch sel empl elb0013_ca Numbe o employees excluding ma ginally
employeed on June 30 las yea [ca .]
8:an _besch_ auen sel empl elb0022 Sha e o women among employees excluding
ma ginally employeed in %
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 6
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
Daily Weekly Mon hly Qua e ly
Less han
once a
qua e
Ne e
o does
no apply
I can’ /
don’ wan
o espond
Pa icipa ion in/execu ion
o he p oduc ion o he
goods o se ices ha
my company ope a es
123456-1
Rec ui men and
pe sonnel selec ion
123456-1
Con e sa ions wi h
employees and
manage s in he
company
123456-1
O ganiza ion o p oduc ion
p ocesses in he
company
123456-1
Quali y managemen 123456-1
Ma ke ing ac i i ies 123456-1
Bu eauc a ic ac i i ies due
o go e nmen
equi emen s and
egula ions
123456-1
Cus ome acquisi ion and
con e sa ions wi h
cus ome s
123456-1
Con e sa ions wi h
supplie s
123456-1
Con e sa ions wi h
co-owne s,
co-managing di ec o s
123456-1
Con e sa ions wi h he
company’s inancie s
123456-1
Analysis o he ma ke and
compe i o s
123456-1
P epa ing and making
g ow h and in es men
decisions
123456-1
Associa ion wo k 123456-1
O he business- ela ed
ac i i ies
123456-1
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 13
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
23:elb0584 sel empl elb0584_ 2 Ac i i ies: Pa icipa ion in/execu ion o p oduc ion
23:elb0585 sel empl elb0585_ 2 Ac i i ies: Rec ui men and pe sonnel selec ion
23:elb0586 sel empl elb0586_ 2 Ac i i ies: Con e sa ions wi h employees and manage s in
he company
23:elb0587 sel empl elb0587_ 2 Ac i i ies: O ganiza ion o p oduc ion p ocesses in he
company
23:elb0588 sel empl elb0588_ 2 Ac i i ies: Quali y managemen
23:elb0589 sel empl elb0589_ 2 Ac i i ies: Ma ke ing ac i i ies
23:elb0590 sel empl elb0590_ 2 Ac i i ies: Bu eauc a ic ac i i ies due o go e nmen
equi emen s and egul.
23:elb0591 sel empl elb0591_ 2 Ac i i ies: Cus ome acquisi ion and con e sa ions wi h
cus ome s
23:elb0592 sel empl elb0592_ 2 Ac i i ies: Con e sa ions wi h supplie s
23:elb0593 sel empl elb0593_ 2 Ac i i ies: Con e sa ions wi h co-owne s, co-managing
di ec o s
23:elb0594 sel empl elb0594_ 2 Ac i i ies: Con e sa ions wi h he company’s inancie s
23:elb0595 sel empl elb0595_ 2 Ac i i ies: Analysis o he ma ke and compe i o s
23:elb0596 sel empl elb0596_ 2 Ac i i ies: P epa ing and making g ow h and in es men
decisions
23:elb0597 sel empl elb0597_ 2 Ac i i ies: Associa ion wo k
23:elb0598 sel empl elb0598_ 2 Ac i i ies: O he ac i i ies
[O he business- ela ed ac i i ies], namely:
23:eab0033 sel empl eab0033 Ac i i ies: O he ac i i ies ex
23:eab0033 sel empl eab0033_ca Ac i i ies: O he ac i i ies ex [ca ego ies]
24 O all he ac i i ies you do e e y day, how many hou s do you spend on
Pa icipa ion in/execu ion o he p oduc ion o he goods o
se ices ha my company ope a es
Rec ui men and pe sonnel selec ion
Con e sa ions wi h employees and manage s in he company
O ganiza ion o p oduc ion p ocesses in he company
Quali y managemen
Ma ke ing ac i i ies
Bu eauc a ic ac i i ies due o go e nmen equi emen s and
egula ions
Cus ome acquisi ion and con e sa ions wi h cus ome s
Con e sa ions wi h supplie s
Con e sa ions wi h co-owne s, co-managing di ec o s
Con e sa ions wi h he company’s inancie s
Analysis o he ma ke and compe i o s
P epa ing and making g ow h and in es men decisions
Associa ion wo k
O he ac i i ies
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 14
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
24:elb0599 sel empl elb0599 Hou s pe day: Pa icipa ion in/execu ion o
p oduc ion
(23;elb0584=1)
24:elb0600 sel empl elb0600 Hou s pe day: Rec ui men and pe sonnel selec ion (23;elb0585=1)
24:elb0601 sel empl elb0601 Hou s pe day: Con e sa ions wi h employees and
manage s in he company
(23;elb0586=1)
24:elb0602 sel empl elb0602 Hou s pe day: O ganiza ion o p oduc ion p ocesses
in he company
(23;elb0587=1)
24:elb0603 sel empl elb0603 Hou s pe day: Quali y managemen (23;elb0588=1)
24:elb0604 sel empl elb0604 Hou s pe day: Ma ke ing ac i i ies (23;elb0589=1)
24:elb0605 sel empl elb0605 Hou s pe day: Bu eauc a ic ac i i ies due o
go e nmen equi emen s and egul.
(23;elb0590=1)
24:elb0606 sel empl elb0606 Hou s pe day: Cus ome acquisi ion and
con e sa ions wi h cus ome s
(23;elb0591=1)
24:elb0607 sel empl elb0607 Hou s pe day: Con e sa ions wi h supplie s (23;elb0592=1)
24:elb0608 sel empl elb0608 Hou s pe day: Con e sa ions wi h co-owne s,
co-managing di ec o s
(23;elb0593=1)
24:elb0609 sel empl elb0609 Hou s pe day: Con e sa ions wi h he company’s
inancie s
(23;elb0594=1)
24:elb0610 sel empl elb0610 Hou s pe day: Analysis o he ma ke and compe i o s (23;elb0595=1)
24:elb0611 sel empl elb0611 Hou s pe day: P epa ing and making g ow h and
in es men decisions
(23;elb0596=1)
24:elb0612 sel empl elb0612 Hou s pe day: Associa ion wo k (23;elb0597=1)
24:elb0613 sel empl elb0613 Hou s pe day: O he ac i i ies (23;elb0598=1)
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
25 Would you say aking an hou o wo o du ing wo king hou s o deal wi h pe sonal o
amily ma e s is ...
Ve y easy o a ange 1
Qui e easy o a ange 2
Qui e di icul o a ange 3
Ve y di icul o a ange 4
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
25:elb0637 sel empl elb0637 Take ime o pe sonal ma e s du ing wo king hou s?
7;elb0636=1
26 Which o he ollowing measu es o p o essional de elopmen did you o e in you
company in he i s hal o 2021?
Please indica e all ha apply.
Was o e ed
Was no o e ed
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 15
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
Was o e ed Was no o e ed
I can’ / don’
wan o espond
Cou ses, aining
p og ams, semina s
1 2 -1
Pa icipa ion in lec u es,
con e ences, ade ai s,
e c.
1 2 -1
On- he-job aining, e.g.
ins uc ion, induc ion,
on- he-job aining
1 2 -1
Job change / job o a ion 1 2 -1
Quali y ci cles, wo kshop
ci cles, lea ning
wo kshop
1 2 -1
Collabo a ion in p ojec
eams
1 2 -1
Coaching / Men o ing 1 2 -1
26:wei e b_c_1 sel empl elb0670 Fu he aining: Cou ses/semina s in 1s hal o las yea
26:wei e b_c_2 sel empl elb0671 Fu he aining: Lec u es, con e ences, ai s e c. in 1s hal o
las yea
26:wei e b_c_3 sel empl elb0672 Fu he aining: On- he-job aining in 1s hal o las yea
26:wei e b_c_4 sel empl elb0673 Fu he aining: Job o a ion in 1s hal o las yea
26:wei e b_c_5 sel empl elb0674 Fu he aining: Quali y ci cles in 1s hal o las yea
26:wei e b_c_6 sel empl elb0675 Fu he aining: P ojec eams in 1s hal o las yea
26:wei e b_c_7 sel empl elb0676 Fu he aining: Coaching in 1s hal o las yea
O he quali ica ion measu es; namely:
26:wei e b_c_8 sel empl elb0677 Fu he aining: O he o e ed in 1s hal o las yea
26:wei e b_c_8 sel empl elb0677_ca Fu he aining: O he o e ed in 1s hal o las yea
[ca ego ies]
(1;elb0301_ 2=2,4) | (7;elb0636=1)
27 How a e decisions aken in you company? Please indica e which o he ollowing ap-
plies o you company.
I ake mos decisions alone 1
I ake mos decisions oge he in he eam o owne s/managing di ec o s 2
I ake mos decisions oge he as a eam wi h o he manage s and/o employees 3
I ake mos decisions in consul a ion wi h he anchiso 4
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
27:elb0614_ 2 sel empl elb0614_ 2 How decisions a e made
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 16
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
B7 Labo ela ions
7;elb0636=1
28 How o en do you o manage s in you company hold s uc u ed eedback mee ings
wi h you employees, o example abou se ice quali y, cus ome sa is ac ion, p oduc ion,
cos s, pe o mance decline, quali y, in en o y, absen eeism?
Less han once a yea o ne e 1
Annually 2
Qua e ly 3
Mon hly 4
Weekly 5
Daily 6
Se e al imes a day 7
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
28:elb0616_ 2 sel empl elb0616_ 2 F equency o s uc u ed eedback mee ings
(7;elb0636=1) & (28;elb0616_ 2>2)
29 Apa om eedback mee ings, do you use o he ools o mo i a e you employees?
Yes, please lis hem b ie ly: 1
No 2
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
29:elb0617 sel empl elb0617 O he ins umen s o employee mo i a ion
[O he ins umen s]
29:eab0034 sel empl eab0034 O he ins umen s o employee mo i a ion ex 29;elb0617=1
29:eab0034 sel empl eab0034_ca O he ins umen s o employee mo i a ion ex
[ca ego ies]
29;elb0617=1
B8 Remune a ion
7;elb0636=1
30 Wha was he sha e o ull- ime employees wi h an a e age g oss mon hly income in
he ollowing ca ego ies in you company on June 30, 2021?
Please do no include empo a y wo ke s and eelance s among he ull- ime employees. I exac
igu es a e no a ailable, please p o ide an es ima e.
Sha e o ull- ime employees wi h a g oss mon hly income o …
Unde 1900EUR: Sha e o ull- ime employees [...] % 0:100
30:an _b u _1 sel empl elb0154 Sha e o ull- ime empl. wi h g oss mon hly income below EUR
1900 June 30 LY in %
Does no apply 1
1900EUR o unde 2500EUR: Sha e o ull- ime employees [...]
%
0:100
30:an _b u _2 sel empl elb0156 Sha e o ull- ime empl. wi h g oss mon hly income o EUR
1900-2500 June 30 LY in %
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 17
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
Does no apply 1
2500EUR o unde 3300EUR: Sha e o ull- ime employees
[...] %
0:100
30:an _b u _3 sel empl elb0158 Sha e o ull- ime empl. wi h g oss mon hly income o EUR
2500-3300 June 30 LY in %
Does no apply 1
3300EUR o unde 4000EUR: Sha e o ull- ime employees
[...] %
0:100
30:an _b u _4 sel empl elb0160 Sha e o ull- ime empl. wi h g oss mon hly income
EUR3300-4000 June 30 LY in %
Does no apply 1
4000EUR o unde 6000EUR: Sha e o ull- ime employees
[...] %
0:100
30:an _b u _5 sel empl elb0162 Sha e o ull- ime empl. wi h g oss mon hly income
EUR4000-6000 June 30 LY in %
Does no apply 1
6000EUR o unde 7800EUR: Sha e o ull- ime employees
[...] %
0:100
30:an _b u _6 sel empl elb0164 Sha e o ull- ime empl. wi h g oss mon hly income
EUR6000-7800 June 30 LY in %
Does no apply 1
7800EUR and mo e: Sha e o ull- ime employees [...] % 0:100
30:an _b u _7 sel empl elb0166 Sha e o ull- ime empl. wi h g oss mon hly income EUR 7800
o mo e June 30 LY in %
Does no apply 1
To al: 100%
7;elb0636=1
31 To wha ex en do you base he emune a ion o you employees on he ollowing
c i e ia?
Ve y
s ongly S ongly Mode a ely Less No a all
I can’ /
don’ wan
o espond
Indi idual pe o mance 1 2 3 4 5 -1
Team pe o mance 1 2 3 4 5 -1
Success o he en i e
company
1 2 3 4 5 -1
Leng h o se ice 1 2 3 4 5 -1
Fo mal educa ional o
p o essional
quali ica ion
1 2 3 4 5 -1
Indi idual p o essional
expe ience
1 2 3 4 5 -1
Social c i e ia, e.g. numbe
o child en, place o
esidence
1 2 3 4 5 -1
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 18
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
31:k i _en l_1 sel empl elb0168 Remune a ion acco ding o: Indi idual pe o mance
31:k i _en l_2 sel empl elb0169 Remune a ion acco ding o: Team pe o mance
31:k i _en l_3 sel empl elb0170 Remune a ion acco ding o: Success o he company
31:k i _en l_4 sel empl elb0171 Remune a ion acco ding o: Leng h o se ice
31:k i _en l_5 sel empl elb0172 Remune a ion acco ding o: Fo mal educa ional/p o essional
quali ica ion
31:k i _en l_6 sel empl elb0173 Remune a ion acco ding o: Indi idual p o essional expe ience
31:k i _en l_7 sel empl elb0174 Remune a ion acco ding o: Social c i e ia
7;elb0636=1
32 Which o he ollowing pe o mance incen i es does you company o e employees?
Please indica e all ha apply.
Equi y pa icipa ion 1
P o i -sha ing 1
Bonus paymen s 1
Sha e op ions 1
O he 1
32:an eiz1 sel empl elb0175 Pe o mance incen i es: Equi y pa icipa ion
32:an eiz2 sel empl elb0176 Pe o mance incen i es: P o i sha ing
32:an eiz3 sel empl elb0177 Pe o mance incen i es: Bonus paymen s
32:an eiz4 sel empl elb0178 Pe o mance incen i es: Sha e op ions
32:an eiz5 sel empl elb0179 Pe o mance incen i es: O he
[O he ] namely:
32:an eizso sel empl eab0005 Pe o mance incen i es: O he ee- o m ex 32;an eiz5=1
No hing applies 1
32:an eiz_ka sel empl elb0180 Pe o mance incen i es: No hing applies
7;elb0636=1
33 Which o he ollowing bene i s does you company o e in addi ion o he legally man-
da ed social bene i s?
Please indica e all ha apply.
Company pension scheme/company pension ha exceeds he s a u o y en i lemen 1
Release om wo k and/o co e ing o cos s o u he aining measu es 1
O he 1
33:zusa z3 sel empl elb0183 Company bene i s: Company pension scheme/company pension
abo e s a u o y en i l.
33:zusa z4 sel empl elb0184 Company bene i s: Release om wo k/co e ing o cos s o
aining
33:zusa z6 sel empl elb0186 Company bene i s: O he
[O he ] namely:
33:zusa zso sel empl eab0006 Company bene i s: O he ee- o m ex 33;zusa z6=1
No hing applies 1
33:zusa z_ka sel empl elb0187 Company bene i s: No hing applies
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 19
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
34 How a e you pe sonally cu en ly secu ing you e i emen ?
Please indica e all ha apply.
I ha e acqui ed en i lemen s o s a u o y pension insu ance as a o me employee 1
I ha e en i lemen s o a company pension as a o me employee 1
I ha e en i lemen s o he a is s’ social secu i y und 1
I ha e en i lemen s o a be u ss ändische Ve so gungswe k (pension scheme o ee
p o essions)
1
I ha e acqui ed eal es a e o e i emen p o ision 1
I ha e aken ou a capi al li e insu ance policy o e i emen p o ision 1
I ha e aken ou p i a e pension insu ance 1
I am building weal h h ough s ocks, unds, bonds, o simila in es men s 1
I egula ly sa e money in o he ways 1
I am co e ed h ough my pa ne 1
No e i emen p o ision has been made so a 1
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
34:elb0638 sel empl elb0638 Re i emen secu i y: S a u o y pension insu ance
34:elb0639 sel empl elb0639 Re i emen secu i y: Company pension
34:elb0640 sel empl elb0640 Re i emen secu i y: A is s’ social secu i y und
34:elb0641 sel empl elb0641 Re i emen secu i y: Be u ss ändische Ve so gung (pension
scheme ee p o es.)
34:elb0642 sel empl elb0642 Re i emen secu i y: Real es a e owne ship
34:elb0643 sel empl elb0643 Re i emen secu i y: Li e insu ance
34:elb0644 sel empl elb0644 Re i emen secu i y: P i a e pension insu ance
34:elb0645 sel empl elb0645 Re i emen secu i y: Sha es/ unds/bonds
34:elb0646 sel empl elb0646 Re i emen secu i y: O he egula sa ings
34:elb0647 sel empl elb0647 Re i emen secu i y: Secu ed h ough pa ne
34:elb0648 sel empl elb0648 Re i emen secu i y: No e i emen p o isions so a
B9 Digi aliza ion
Tex 5 Nex , we will ask you abou he digi aliza ion in you company, i s cu en s a us,
and i s impac on you wo k.
7;elb0636=1
35 Please indica e he o al numbe o employees and he app oxima e sha e o women who
use PCs, lap ops, able s/iPads o o he digi al de ices, e.g. o machine con ol, o pe o m
hei daily asks in you company.
This does no include empo a y wo ke s and eelance s. I exac igu es a e no possible, please
es ima e.
To al numbe o employees who use PCs, lap ops,
able s/iPads o o he digi al de ices, e.g. o machine
con ol:
0:999999
O which sha e o women (in %) [...] % 0:100
35:anz_pc sel empl elb0188 Numbe o employees who use
PCs/lap ops/ able s/digi al de ices
0@37
35:an _pc_ auen sel empl elb0189 Sha e o women in employees who use
PCs/lap ops/ able s/digi . de ices in %
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 20
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
(7;elb0636=1) & (35;anz_pc>0)
36 Please indica e he app oxima e sha e pe employee g oup who use PCs, lap ops,
able s/iPads o o he digi al de ices (e.g. o machine con ol) o pe o m hei daily asks
in you eompany.s ablishmen /public body.c
I exac de ails a e no possible, please es ima e.
Employees in jobs ha do no equi e oca ional aining: [...]
%
0:100
Employees in jobs ha equi e a comple ed app en iceship,
compa able oca ional aining o co esponding
p o essional expe ience: [...] %
0:100
Employees in jobs ha equi e a echnical o uni e si y
deg ee: [...] %
0:100
36:an _pc_g p1 sel empl elb0190 Sha e o employees who use PC/lap op/ able s/digi .
de ices in g oup 1 in %
36:an _pc_g p2 sel empl elb0191 Sha e o employees who use PC/lap op/ able s/digi .
de ices in g oup 2 in %
36:an _pc_g p3 sel empl elb0192 Sha e o employees who use PC/lap op/ able s/digi .
de ices in g oup 3 in %
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
37 How has he use o he ollowing echnologies changed in you company in he las
h ee yea s?
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 21
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
S ongly
inc eased Inc eased
Remained
oughly
he same Dec eased
S ongly
dec eased
Technol-
ogy is
no used
I can’ /
don’ wan
o espond
Cus om so wa e, i.e., so wa e
ha has been de eloped o
adap ed o mee he needs o
he company.
123456-1
Da a analy ics, i.e., he use o
digi al ools o analyze da a
collec ed in his company o
om o he sou ces.
123456-1
Big da a, i.e., he analysis o la ge
da ase s.
123456-1
Robo s, i.e., p og ammable
machines ha can
au oma ically pe o m
complex sequences o
ac ions.
123456-1
Vi ual o augmen ed eali y, i.e.,
he enhancemen o images
wi h objec s ha exis only
i ually.
123456-1
A i icial in elligence, i.e.,
compu e p og ams ha
assis in op imizing goal
achie emen and lea n
au onomously.
123456-1
3D p in ing, i.e., a
manu ac u ing p ocess in
which ma e ial is applied
laye by laye o c ea e a
h ee-dimensional p oduc .
123456-1
In e ne o Things, i.e., he
digi al ne wo king o de ices
and objec s, as well as en i e
indus ial plan s o
buildings.
123456-1
Pla o ms o acqui ing o de s,
i.e., acquisi ion o cus ome s
h ough a pla o m.
123456-1
37: echno1 sel empl elb0193 Usage las 3 yea s: Cus omized so wa e
37: echno2 sel empl elb0194 Usage las 3 yea s: Da a analy ics
37: echno3 sel empl elb0195 Usage las 3 yea s: Big Da a
37: echno4 sel empl elb0196 Usage las 3 yea s: Robo s
37: echno5 sel empl elb0197 Usage las 3 yea s: Vi ual o augmen ed eali y
37: echno6 sel empl elb0198 Usage las 3 yea s: A i icial in elligence
37: echno7 sel empl elb0199 Usage las 3 yea s: 3D p in ing
37: echno8 sel empl elb0200 Usage las 3 yea s: In e ne o Things
37: echno9 sel empl elb0678 Usage las 3 yea s: Pla o ms o o de acquisi ion
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 22
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
51 Is he e a emune a ion egula ion in you ield, such as he ee schedule o a chi ec s
and enginee s (Hono a o dnung ü A chi ek en und Ingenieu e)?
Yes, emune a ion egula ions such as Hono a o dnung 1
Yes, an in e media y agency (pla o m) se s he p ices 2
No, I se he p ices eely 3
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
51:elb0657 sel empl elb0657 Remune a ion egula ions such as Hono a o dnung ü A. u. I.
52 Wha is he legal o m o you company?
Sole p op ie o ship wi h ull liabili y o one pe son 1
Pa ne ship, i.e. KG, OHG o GbR 2
Limi ed liabili y company as GmbH, UG o L d. 3
Public limi ed company, i.e. AG, SE 4
Mixed o ms, i.e. GmbH & Co. KG, KGaA 5
O he legal o m 8
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
52: ech s o m sel empl elb0261 Legal o m o he company
53 Wha was he ea nings si ua ion o you company in he 2020 and 2021 iscal yea s?
Ve y good Good Sa is ac o y Su icien
Unsa is-
ac o y
I can’ /
don’ wan
o espond
2020 1 2 3 4 5 -1
2021 1 2 3 4 5 -1
53:e aglag2020 sel empl elb0262_ 2 Ea nings si ua ion o company in penul ima e iscal
yea
53:e aglag2021 sel empl elb0263_ 2 Ea nings si ua ion o company in las iscal yea
54 Wha sha e o you e enue comes om you la ges clien ?
Less han 50 pe cen 1
50 o 75 pe cen 2
Mo e han 75 pe cen 3
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
54:elb0658 sel empl elb0658 Sha e o e enue om la ges clien in eu os
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 29
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
55 Wha was you u no e in he 2020 and 2021 iscal yea s?
I exac igu es a e no no known, please es ima e.
[Amoun app oxima ely] 2020 [...] eu os 0:100000000000
55:umsa z2020 sel empl elb0264 Tu no e in penul ima e iscal yea in eu os
55:umsa z2020 sel empl elb0264_ca 2 Tu no e in penul ima e iscal yea in eu os [ca ego ies]
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
[Amoun app oxima ely] 2021 [...] eu os 0:100000000000
55:umsa z2021 sel empl elb0266 Tu no e in las iscal yea in eu os
55:umsa z2021 sel empl elb0266_ca 2 Tu no e in las iscal yea in eu os [ca ego ies]
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
56 Wha was you company’s epo ed axable p o i in 2021?
[...] eu os -99999999:99999999
56:elb0484 sel empl elb0484 Taxable p o i las yea in eu os
56:elb0484 sel empl elb0484_ca Taxable p o i las yea in eu os [ca ego ies]
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
57 Wha was he o al cos o ma e ials and o he ope a ing expenses in you company in
2021 as a whole?
Cos o ma e ials includes: Pu chased goods and se ices o esale in he same condi ion, aw
ma e ials, consumables and supplies, e.g. expenses o uel o elec ici y, pu chased se ices (no o
esale bu o consump ion wi hin he company) and o he ope a ing expenses, including empo a y
s a and eelance s. Please p o ide he in o ma ion ei he in eu os o in pe cen ages, no bo h. I
„none“, please en e „0“.
Expendi u e in eu os […] 0:100000000000
Expendi u e ela i e o sales (in pe cen ): […] 0:100
57:elb0482 sel empl elb0482 Ma e ial and ope a ional expenses las yea in eu os
57:elb0482 sel empl elb0482_ca Ma e ial and ope a ional expenses las yea in eu os
[ca ego ies]
57:elb0483 sel empl elb0483 Ma e ial and ope a ional expenses las yea ela i e o sales
in pe cen
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
7;elb0636=1
58 Wha was he pe cen age sha e o pe sonnel cos s in o al ope a ing cos s in 2021?
I exac igu es a e no no known, please es ima e.
Pe cen age o ope a ing cos s [...] % 0:100
58:pe skos sel empl elb0270 Sha e o pe sonnel cos s in ope a ing cos s las yea in %
I canno /do no wan o answe 1
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 30
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
7;elb0636=1
59 How has he pe cen age sha e o pe sonnel cos s in o al ope a ing cos s changed in
2020 compa ed o 2020?1
Sha e dec eased in he las yea 1
Sha e emained he same in he las yea 2
Sha e inc eased in he las yea 3
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
59:pe skos aend sel empl elb0273_ 2 Change in pe sonnel cos s compa ed o penul ima e yea
B12 Pe sonal a i udes
60 To wha ex en do he ollowing s a emen s apply o you om oday’s pe spec i e?
Does no
apply
a all 2 3 4 5 6
Fully
applies
I can’
/ don’
wan o
espond
F om oday’s pe spec i e,
i is he igh decision o
be an en ep eneu o
sel -employed
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1
I ha e my en ep eneu ial
de elopmen as a
sel -employed
comple ely unde
con ol
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1
60:elb0361_ 2 sel empl elb0361_ 2 A i ude: Sel -employmen cu en ly he igh decision
60:elb0362_ 2 sel empl elb0362_ 2 A i ude: Company de elopmen as a sel -employed
cu en ly unde con ol
61 And wha was i like be o e he co ona i us c isis a he beginning o he yea 2020?
Does no
apply
a all 2 3 4 5 6
Fully
applies
I can’
/ don’
wan o
espond
I was he igh decision o
become an
en ep eneu o
sel -employed
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1
I had my en ep eneu ial
de elopmen as a
sel -employed
comple ely unde
con ol
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1
61:elb0364_ 2 sel empl elb0364_ 2 A i ude be o e Co ona pandemie: En ep eneu ial ac i .
and sel -empl. was igh decision
61:elb0365_ 2 sel empl elb0365_ 2 A . be o e Co ona pandemie: En ep eneu ial de elop.
as sel -employed ully unde con .
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 31
SOEP-Co e SOEP-LEE2 Sel -employed Pe sons 2022
62 Wha a e he g ea es di icul ies in ca ying ou you en ep eneu ial/sel -employed
ac i i y?
No
di icul y 2 3 4 5 6
Ve y high
di icul y
I can’
/ don’
wan o
espond
A lo o bu eauc acy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1
High wo kload 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1
Financial isk 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1
Lack o employees 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1
Quali ica ion o employees 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1
Unce ain u u e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1
O he di icul ies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1
62:elb0377_ 2 sel empl elb0377_ 2 Di icul ies: A lo o bu eauc acy
62:elb0378_ 2 sel empl elb0378_ 2 Di icul ies: High wo kload
62:elb0379_ 2 sel empl elb0379_ 2 Di icul ies: Financial isk
62:elb0380_ 2 sel empl elb0380_ 2 Di icul ies: Lack o employees
62:elb0381_ 2 sel empl elb0381_ 2 Di icul ies: Quali ica ion o employees
62:elb0382_ 2 sel empl elb0382_ 2 Di icul ies: Unce ain u u e
62:elb0660 sel empl elb0660 Di icul ies: O he challenges
63 To wha ex en do you ag ee wi h he ollowing s a emen : We ha e he igh amewo k
condi ions in Ge many o en ep eneu ial o sel -employed ac i i ies.
Does no apply a all 1
22
33
44
55
66
Fully applies 7
I can’ / don’ wan o espond -1
63:elb0376 sel empl elb0376 Ge many has he igh condi ions o
en ep eneu ial/sel -employmen
64 I you ha e any addi ional commen s o sugges ions ega ding he su ey, you can sha e
hem wi h us he e.
64:commen sel empl eab0013 Commen s and sugges ions
SOEP Su ey Pape s 1402 32
