SOEP-Core - 2022: Self-employed persons (with reference to variables)

DIW Berlin / SOEP (Ed.) Research Report SOEP-Core - 2022: Self-employed persons (with reference to variables) SOEP Survey Papers, No. 1402 Provided in Cooperation with: German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) Suggested Citation: DIW Berlin / SOEP (Ed.) (2024) : SOEP-Core - 2022: Self-employed persons (with reference to variables), SOEP Survey Papers, No. 1402, Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW), Berlin This Version is available at: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/309091 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. 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If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 1402 2024 Series A – Survey Instruments (Erhebungsinstrumente) SOEP-Core – 2022: Self-employed Persons (with Reference to Variables) SOEP Group Running since 1984, the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) is a wide-ranging representative longitudinal study of private households, located at the German Institute for Economic Research, DIW Berlin. The aim of the SOEP Survey Papers Series is to thoroughly document the survey’s data collection and data processing. The SOEP Survey Papers is comprised of the following series: Series A – Survey Instruments (Erhebungsinstrumente) Series B – Survey Reports (Methodenberichte) Series C – Data Documentation (Datendokumentationen) Series D – Variable Descriptions and Coding Series E – SOEPmonitors Series F – SOEP Newsletters Series G – General Issues and Teaching Materials The SOEP Survey Papers are available at http://www.diw.de/soepsurveypapers Editors: Dr. Carina Cornesse, DIW Berlin and University of Bremen Dr. Jan Goebel, DIW Berlin Prof. Dr. Cornelia Kristen, University of Bamberg and DIW Berlin Prof. Dr. Philipp Lersch, DIW Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. Carsten Schröder, DIW Berlin and Freie Universität Berlin Prof. Dr. Jürgen Schupp, DIW Berlin and Freie Universität Berlin Prof. Dr. Sabine Zinn, DIW Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Please cite this paper as follows: SOEP Group, 2024. SOEP-Core – 2022: Self-employed Persons (with Reference to Variables). SOEP Survey Papers 1402: Series A – Survey Instruments (Erhebungsinstrumente). Berlin: DIW Berlin/SOEP This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. © 2024 by SOEP ISSN: 2193-5580 (online) DIW Berlin German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) Mohrenstr. 58 10117 Berlin Germany [email protected] The German Socio Economic Panel at DIW Berlin SOEP-Core – 2022: Self-employed Persons (with Reference to Variables) SOEP Group 2024 The variable names mentioned in this document belong to a collection of datasets, which is released with doi:10.5684/soep.core.v39o. SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 Contents B1 Organizational features 4 Text1 We start with questions about some of the organizational features of your company. 4 B4 Personnel structure 6 Text2 Now we would like to know whether you are self-employed on your own or whether you have other employees in your business. ..................... 6 B5 Investments and innovation 11 Text3 The next thematic block deals with investments in your company. ......... 11 B6 Personnel management 12 Text4 Further, we would like to know how you organize your day-to-day business and your relationships with your employees. ......................... 12 B7 Labor relations 17 B8 Remuneration 17 B9 Digitalization 20 Text5 Next, we will ask you about the digitalization in your company, its current status, and its impact on your work. .............................. 20 B10 Effects of the coronavirus pandemic 25 Text6 Finally, we would like to know how the coronavirus pandemic has impacted your business. ...................................... 25 B11 Further information about the company 28 B12 Personal attitudes 31 SOEP Survey Papers 1402 2 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 Reading Aid This representation of the questionnaire contains the same informations as the portal paneldata.org. Q72:lsta1=2 interviewer instruc�on answer op�ons in green: dataset name variable name variable label in blue: iden�fier for filter in blue: filter with condi�on grey bar: open or numeric answer ques�on text Q72 Now we would like to know something about you personally. Were you born in Germany? This refers to Germany or the Federal Republic of Germany or the German Democratic Re‐ public in the national borders at the time of your birth. Yes 1 No 2 No answer -1 bio l0013 born in Germany Q73 What country were you born in? Please enter the current name! Q73:lsta2 bio l0016 Country Of Birth ques�on number Q72:lsta1 Here, in addition to the question number,question text,interviewer instructions, and answer options, you find printed in green the file name and the variable name with the variable label, which contains information from the question. If you see rows of green lines below the answer option, the questionnaire defines serveral variables or informations are stored in more than one data set. The routing by filters is depicted in blue. Each variable is preceded by an identifier, which usually contains the question number and which is used when the variable is used in filters in subsequent questions. Such filters are usually placed as input filters (gatekeepers) at the beginning of a question. An identifier that is referred to in the input filter of a subsequent question is marked yellow as an example. This reading aid does not cover a few exceptional cases: If the filter (as gatekeeper) only affects one of serveral variables for a question, the filter is printed in blue behind the variable. There you will also find a “go to” command in the form 2 @ Q73. Here, the questionnaire skips to question 73 if answer 2 was given. Phrases that are not alreday translated in English are displayed in German and preceded by [de]. SOEP Survey Papers 1402 3 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 B1 Organizational features Text1 We start with questions about some of the organizational features of your company. 1You have stated that you are self-employed. How did you found your company? I founded the company on my own 1 I founded the company as part of a team 2 I have taken over the company completely 3 I have joined a team as a partner 4 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 1:elb0301_v2 selfempl elb0301_v2 How company was founded I cannot/do not want to answer 1 1;elb0301_v2=2 2a With how many other people did you found the company? 1:99 2a:elb0302 selfempl elb0302 Number of additional persons at foundation I cannot/do not want to answer 1 1;elb0301_v2=2 2b How many women were on the founding team? 0:99 2b:elb0630 selfempl elb0630 Number of women in the founding team I cannot/do not want to answer 1 1;elb0301_v2=2 2c How many persons with migration background were on the founding team? 0:99 2c:elb0631 selfempl elb0631 Number of people with a migration background in the founding team I cannot/do not want to answer 1 1;elb0301_v2=4 3a How many other people were in the team that you joined as a partner? 1:99 3a:elb0303 selfempl elb0303 Number of other people in the team when joined as a partner I cannot/do not want to answer 1 SOEP Survey Papers 1402 4 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 1;elb0301_v2=4 3b How many of them were women? 0:99 3b:elb0632 selfempl elb0632 Number of women when joined as partner I cannot/do not want to answer 1 1;elb0301_v2=4 3c How many of them had a migration background? 0:99 3c:elb0633 selfempl elb0633 Number of people with a migration background when joined as partner I cannot/do not want to answer 1 1;elb0301_v2=2,4 4Does your company have a majority owner? Yes 1 No 2 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 4:betr_eigent selfempl elb0003 Majority owner present (1;elb0301_v2=2,4) & (4;betr_eigent=1) 5What percentage of your company is owned by the majority shareholder? […] percent 0:100 5:betr_eigent2 selfempl elb0004 Majority shareholding in % 5:betr_eigent2 selfempl elb0004_cat Majority shareholding in % [categories] I cannot/do not want to answer 1 6In which year was your company founded, regardless of any changes in legal form, location or ownership? If you cannot specify exactly, please estimate. In the year: :2022 6:betr_gruendung selfempl elb0006 Founding year of company 6:betr_gruendung selfempl elb0006_cat Founding year of company [categories] I cannot/do not want to answer 1 SOEP Survey Papers 1402 5 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 1;elb0301_v2=3 6a When did you take over the company? If you cannot specify exactly, please estimate. In the year: 1900:2022 6a:elb0313 selfempl elb0313 Year: Takeover date 6a:elb0313 selfempl elb0313_cat Year: Takeover date [categories] I cannot/do not want to answer 1 1;elb0301_v2=4 6b When did you join the company? If you cannot specify exactly, please estimate. In the year: 1900:2022 6b:elb0318 selfempl elb0318 Year: Entry date 6b:elb0318 selfempl elb0318_cat Year: Entry date [categories] I cannot/do not want to answer 1 B4 Personnel structure Text2 Now we would like to know whether you are self-employed on your own or whether you have other employees in your business. 7Were there dependent employees working in your company in 2021? Dependent employees include full-time and part-time employees, workers, apprentices, students, and interns. Yes 1 No 2 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 7:elb0636 selfempl elb0636 Employees working in the company in the last year? 7;elb0636=1 8How many employees did your company have on June 30, 2021, broken down by the employment groups mentioned? And what was the share of women? Please enter "0" for groups that do not occur. Employees subject to social insurance contributions Blueand white-collar employees, excluding marginal employees [Blue-collar and white-collar employees] Number of respective employees on 30.06.2021 0:999999 [Blueand white-collar employees] Of which share of women (in %) [...] % 0:100 8:anz_besch selfempl elb0013 Number of employees excluding marginally employeed on June 30 last year 8:anz_besch selfempl elb0013_cat Number of employees excluding marginally employeed on June 30 last year [cat.] 8:ant_besch_frauen selfempl elb0022 Share of women among employees excluding marginally employeed in % SOEP Survey Papers 1402 6 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 Daily Weekly Monthly Quarterly Less than once a quarter Never or does not apply I can’t / don’t want to respond Participation in/execution of the production of the goods or services that my company operates 123456-1 Recruitment and personnel selection 123456-1 Conversations with employees and managers in the company 123456-1 Organization of production processes in the company 123456-1 Quality management 123456-1 Marketing activities 123456-1 Bureaucratic activities due to government requirements and regulations 123456-1 Customer acquisition and conversations with customers 123456-1 Conversations with suppliers 123456-1 Conversations with co-owners, co-managing directors 123456-1 Conversations with the company’s financiers 123456-1 Analysis of the market and competitors 123456-1 Preparing and making growth and investment decisions 123456-1 Association work 123456-1 Other business-related activities 123456-1 SOEP Survey Papers 1402 13 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 23:elb0584 selfempl elb0584_v2 Activities: Participation in/execution of production 23:elb0585 selfempl elb0585_v2 Activities: Recruitment and personnel selection 23:elb0586 selfempl elb0586_v2 Activities: Conversations with employees and managers in the company 23:elb0587 selfempl elb0587_v2 Activities: Organization of production processes in the company 23:elb0588 selfempl elb0588_v2 Activities: Quality management 23:elb0589 selfempl elb0589_v2 Activities: Marketing activities 23:elb0590 selfempl elb0590_v2 Activities: Bureaucratic activities due to government requirements and regul. 23:elb0591 selfempl elb0591_v2 Activities: Customer acquisition and conversations with customers 23:elb0592 selfempl elb0592_v2 Activities: Conversations with suppliers 23:elb0593 selfempl elb0593_v2 Activities: Conversations with co-owners, co-managing directors 23:elb0594 selfempl elb0594_v2 Activities: Conversations with the company’s financiers 23:elb0595 selfempl elb0595_v2 Activities: Analysis of the market and competitors 23:elb0596 selfempl elb0596_v2 Activities: Preparing and making growth and investment decisions 23:elb0597 selfempl elb0597_v2 Activities: Association work 23:elb0598 selfempl elb0598_v2 Activities: Other activities [Other business-related activities], namely: 23:eab0033 selfempl eab0033 Activities: Other activities text 23:eab0033 selfempl eab0033_cat Activities: Other activities text [categories] 24 Of all the activities you do every day, how many hours do you spend on Participation in/execution of the production of the goods or services that my company operates Recruitment and personnel selection Conversations with employees and managers in the company Organization of production processes in the company Quality management Marketing activities Bureaucratic activities due to government requirements and regulations Customer acquisition and conversations with customers Conversations with suppliers Conversations with co-owners, co-managing directors Conversations with the company’s financiers Analysis of the market and competitors Preparing and making growth and investment decisions Association work Other activities SOEP Survey Papers 1402 14 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 24:elb0599 selfempl elb0599 Hours per day: Participation in/execution of production (23;elb0584=1) 24:elb0600 selfempl elb0600 Hours per day: Recruitment and personnel selection (23;elb0585=1) 24:elb0601 selfempl elb0601 Hours per day: Conversations with employees and managers in the company (23;elb0586=1) 24:elb0602 selfempl elb0602 Hours per day: Organization of production processes in the company (23;elb0587=1) 24:elb0603 selfempl elb0603 Hours per day: Quality management (23;elb0588=1) 24:elb0604 selfempl elb0604 Hours per day: Marketing activities (23;elb0589=1) 24:elb0605 selfempl elb0605 Hours per day: Bureaucratic activities due to government requirements and regul. (23;elb0590=1) 24:elb0606 selfempl elb0606 Hours per day: Customer acquisition and conversations with customers (23;elb0591=1) 24:elb0607 selfempl elb0607 Hours per day: Conversations with suppliers (23;elb0592=1) 24:elb0608 selfempl elb0608 Hours per day: Conversations with co-owners, co-managing directors (23;elb0593=1) 24:elb0609 selfempl elb0609 Hours per day: Conversations with the company’s financiers (23;elb0594=1) 24:elb0610 selfempl elb0610 Hours per day: Analysis of the market and competitors (23;elb0595=1) 24:elb0611 selfempl elb0611 Hours per day: Preparing and making growth and investment decisions (23;elb0596=1) 24:elb0612 selfempl elb0612 Hours per day: Association work (23;elb0597=1) 24:elb0613 selfempl elb0613 Hours per day: Other activities (23;elb0598=1) I cannot/do not want to answer 1 25 Would you say taking an hour or two off during working hours to deal with personal or family matters is ... Very easy to arrange 1 Quite easy to arrange 2 Quite difficult to arrange 3 Very difficult to arrange 4 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 25:elb0637 selfempl elb0637 Take time for personal matters during working hours? 7;elb0636=1 26 Which of the following measures for professional development did you offer in your company in the first half of 2021? Please indicate all that apply. Was offered Was not offered SOEP Survey Papers 1402 15 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 Was offered Was not offered I can’t / don’t want to respond Courses, training programs, seminars 1 2 -1 Participation in lectures, conferences, trade fairs, etc. 1 2 -1 On-the-job training, e.g. instruction, induction, on-the-job training 1 2 -1 Job change / job rotation 1 2 -1 Quality circles, workshop circles, learning workshop 1 2 -1 Collaboration in project teams 1 2 -1 Coaching / Mentoring 1 2 -1 26:weiterb_c_1 selfempl elb0670 Further training: Courses/seminars in 1st half of last year 26:weiterb_c_2 selfempl elb0671 Further training: Lectures, conferences, fairs etc. in 1st half of last year 26:weiterb_c_3 selfempl elb0672 Further training: On-the-job training in 1st half of last year 26:weiterb_c_4 selfempl elb0673 Further training: Job rotation in 1st half of last year 26:weiterb_c_5 selfempl elb0674 Further training: Quality circles in 1st half of last year 26:weiterb_c_6 selfempl elb0675 Further training: Project teams in 1st half of last year 26:weiterb_c_7 selfempl elb0676 Further training: Coaching in 1st half of last year Other qualification measures; namely: 26:weiterb_c_8 selfempl elb0677 Further training: Other offered in 1st half of last year 26:weiterb_c_8 selfempl elb0677_cat Further training: Other offered in 1st half of last year [categories] (1;elb0301_v2=2,4) | (7;elb0636=1) 27 How are decisions taken in your company? Please indicate which of the following applies to your company. I take most decisions alone 1 I take most decisions together in the team of owners/managing directors 2 I take most decisions together as a team with other managers and/or employees 3 I take most decisions in consultation with the franchisor 4 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 27:elb0614_v2 selfempl elb0614_v2 How decisions are made SOEP Survey Papers 1402 16 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 B7 Labor relations 7;elb0636=1 28 How often do you or managers in your company hold structured feedback meetings with your employees, for example about service quality, customer satisfaction, production, costs, performance decline, quality, inventory, absenteeism? Less than once a year or never 1 Annually 2 Quarterly 3 Monthly 4 Weekly 5 Daily 6 Several times a day 7 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 28:elb0616_v2 selfempl elb0616_v2 Frequency of structured feedback meetings (7;elb0636=1) & (28;elb0616_v2>2) 29 Apart from feedback meetings, do you use other tools to motivate your employees? Yes, please list them briefly: 1 No 2 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 29:elb0617 selfempl elb0617 Other instruments for employee motivation [Other instruments] 29:eab0034 selfempl eab0034 Other instruments for employee motivation text 29;elb0617=1 29:eab0034 selfempl eab0034_cat Other instruments for employee motivation text [categories] 29;elb0617=1 B8 Remuneration 7;elb0636=1 30 What was the share of full-time employees with an average gross monthly income in the following categories in your company on June 30, 2021? Please do not include temporary workers and freelancers among the full-time employees. If exact figures are not available, please provide an estimate. Share of full-time employees with a gross monthly income of … Under 1900EUR: Share of full-time employees [...] % 0:100 30:ant_brut_1 selfempl elb0154 Share of full-time empl. with gross monthly income below EUR 1900 June 30 LY in % Does not apply 1 1900EUR to under 2500EUR: Share of full-time employees [...] % 0:100 30:ant_brut_2 selfempl elb0156 Share of full-time empl. with gross monthly income of EUR 1900-2500 June 30 LY in % SOEP Survey Papers 1402 17 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 Does not apply 1 2500EUR to under 3300EUR: Share of full-time employees [...] % 0:100 30:ant_brut_3 selfempl elb0158 Share of full-time empl. with gross monthly income of EUR 2500-3300 June 30 LY in % Does not apply 1 3300EUR to under 4000EUR: Share of full-time employees [...] % 0:100 30:ant_brut_4 selfempl elb0160 Share of full-time empl. with gross monthly income EUR3300-4000 June 30 LY in % Does not apply 1 4000EUR to under 6000EUR: Share of full-time employees [...] % 0:100 30:ant_brut_5 selfempl elb0162 Share of full-time empl. with gross monthly income EUR4000-6000 June 30 LY in % Does not apply 1 6000EUR to under 7800EUR: Share of full-time employees [...] % 0:100 30:ant_brut_6 selfempl elb0164 Share of full-time empl. with gross monthly income EUR6000-7800 June 30 LY in % Does not apply 1 7800EUR and more: Share of full-time employees [...] % 0:100 30:ant_brut_7 selfempl elb0166 Share of full-time empl. with gross monthly income EUR 7800 or more June 30 LY in % Does not apply 1 Total: 100% 7;elb0636=1 31 To what extent do you base the remuneration of your employees on the following criteria? Very strongly Strongly Moderately Less Not at all I can’t / don’t want to respond Individual performance 1 2 3 4 5 -1 Team performance 1 2 3 4 5 -1 Success of the entire company 1 2 3 4 5 -1 Length of service 1 2 3 4 5 -1 Formal educational or professional qualification 1 2 3 4 5 -1 Individual professional experience 1 2 3 4 5 -1 Social criteria, e.g. number of children, place of residence 1 2 3 4 5 -1 SOEP Survey Papers 1402 18 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 31:krit_entl_1 selfempl elb0168 Remuneration according to: Individual performance 31:krit_entl_2 selfempl elb0169 Remuneration according to: Team performance 31:krit_entl_3 selfempl elb0170 Remuneration according to: Success of the company 31:krit_entl_4 selfempl elb0171 Remuneration according to: Length of service 31:krit_entl_5 selfempl elb0172 Remuneration according to: Formal educational/professional qualification 31:krit_entl_6 selfempl elb0173 Remuneration according to: Individual professional experience 31:krit_entl_7 selfempl elb0174 Remuneration according to: Social criteria 7;elb0636=1 32 Which of the following performance incentives does your company offer employees? Please indicate all that apply. Equity participation 1 Profit-sharing 1 Bonus payments 1 Share options 1 Other 1 32:anreiz1 selfempl elb0175 Performance incentives: Equity participation 32:anreiz2 selfempl elb0176 Performance incentives: Profit sharing 32:anreiz3 selfempl elb0177 Performance incentives: Bonus payments 32:anreiz4 selfempl elb0178 Performance incentives: Share options 32:anreiz5 selfempl elb0179 Performance incentives: Other [Other] namely: 32:anreizso selfempl eab0005 Performance incentives: Other free-form text 32;anreiz5=1 Nothing applies 1 32:anreiz_ka selfempl elb0180 Performance incentives: Nothing applies 7;elb0636=1 33 Which of the following benefits does your company offer in addition to the legally mandated social benefits? Please indicate all that apply. Company pension scheme/company pension that exceeds the statutory entitlement 1 Release from work and/or covering of costs for further training measures 1 Other 1 33:zusatz3 selfempl elb0183 Company benefits: Company pension scheme/company pension above statutory entitl. 33:zusatz4 selfempl elb0184 Company benefits: Release from work/covering of costs for training 33:zusatz6 selfempl elb0186 Company benefits: Other [Other] namely: 33:zusatzso selfempl eab0006 Company benefits: Other free-form text 33;zusatz6=1 Nothing applies 1 33:zusatz_ka selfempl elb0187 Company benefits: Nothing applies SOEP Survey Papers 1402 19 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 34 How are you personally currently securing your retirement? Please indicate all that apply. I have acquired entitlements to statutory pension insurance as a former employee 1 I have entitlements to a company pension as a former employee 1 I have entitlements to the artists’ social security fund 1 I have entitlements to a berufsständische Versorgungswerk (pension scheme fro free professions) 1 I have acquired real estate for retirement provision 1 I have taken out a capital life insurance policy for retirement provision 1 I have taken out private pension insurance 1 I am building wealth through stocks, funds, bonds, or similar investments 1 I regularly save money in other ways 1 I am covered through my partner 1 No retirement provision has been made so far 1 I cannot/do not want to answer 1 34:elb0638 selfempl elb0638 Retirement security: Statutory pension insurance 34:elb0639 selfempl elb0639 Retirement security: Company pension 34:elb0640 selfempl elb0640 Retirement security: Artists’ social security fund 34:elb0641 selfempl elb0641 Retirement security: Berufsständische Versorgung (pension scheme free profes.) 34:elb0642 selfempl elb0642 Retirement security: Real estate ownership 34:elb0643 selfempl elb0643 Retirement security: Life insurance 34:elb0644 selfempl elb0644 Retirement security: Private pension insurance 34:elb0645 selfempl elb0645 Retirement security: Shares/funds/bonds 34:elb0646 selfempl elb0646 Retirement security: Other regular savings 34:elb0647 selfempl elb0647 Retirement security: Secured through partner 34:elb0648 selfempl elb0648 Retirement security: No retirement provisions so far B9 Digitalization Text5 Next, we will ask you about the digitalization in your company, its current status, and its impact on your work. 7;elb0636=1 35 Please indicate the total number of employees and the approximate share of women who use PCs, laptops, tablets/iPads or other digital devices, e.g. for machine control, to perform their daily tasks in your company. This does not include temporary workers and freelancers. If exact figures are not possible, please estimate. Total number of employees who use PCs, laptops, tablets/iPads or other digital devices, e.g. for machine control: 0:999999 Of which share of women (in %) [...] % 0:100 35:anz_pc selfempl elb0188 Number of employees who use PCs/laptops/tablets/digital devices 0@37 35:ant_pc_frauen selfempl elb0189 Share of women in employees who use PCs/laptops/tablets/digit. devices in % SOEP Survey Papers 1402 20 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 I cannot/do not want to answer 1 (7;elb0636=1) & (35;anz_pc>0) 36 Please indicate the approximate share per employee group who use PCs, laptops, tablets/iPads or other digital devices (e.g. for machine control) to perform their daily tasks in your eompany.stablishment/public body.c If exact details are not possible, please estimate. Employees in jobs that do not require vocational training: [...] % 0:100 Employees in jobs that require a completed apprenticeship, comparable vocational training or corresponding professional experience: [...] % 0:100 Employees in jobs that require a technical or university degree: [...] % 0:100 36:ant_pc_grp1 selfempl elb0190 Share of employees who use PC/laptop/tablets/digit. devices in group 1 in % 36:ant_pc_grp2 selfempl elb0191 Share of employees who use PC/laptop/tablets/digit. devices in group 2 in % 36:ant_pc_grp3 selfempl elb0192 Share of employees who use PC/laptop/tablets/digit. devices in group 3 in % I cannot/do not want to answer 1 37 How has the use of the following technologies changed in your company in the last three years? SOEP Survey Papers 1402 21 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 Strongly increased Increased Remained roughly the same Decreased Strongly decreased Technology is not used I can’t / don’t want to respond Custom software, i.e., software that has been developed or adapted to meet the needs of the company. 123456-1 Data analytics, i.e., the use of digital tools to analyze data collected in this company or from other sources. 123456-1 Big data, i.e., the analysis of large datasets. 123456-1 Robots, i.e., programmable machines that can automatically perform complex sequences of actions. 123456-1 Virtual or augmented reality, i.e., the enhancement of images with objects that exist only virtually. 123456-1 Artificial intelligence, i.e., computer programs that assist in optimizing goal achievement and learn autonomously. 123456-1 3D printing, i.e., a manufacturing process in which material is applied layer by layer to create a three-dimensional product. 123456-1 Internet of Things, i.e., the digital networking of devices and objects, as well as entire industrial plants or buildings. 123456-1 Platforms for acquiring orders, i.e., acquisition of customers through a platform. 123456-1 37:techno1 selfempl elb0193 Usage last 3 years: Customized software 37:techno2 selfempl elb0194 Usage last 3 years: Data analytics 37:techno3 selfempl elb0195 Usage last 3 years: Big Data 37:techno4 selfempl elb0196 Usage last 3 years: Robots 37:techno5 selfempl elb0197 Usage last 3 years: Virtual or augmented reality 37:techno6 selfempl elb0198 Usage last 3 years: Artificial intelligence 37:techno7 selfempl elb0199 Usage last 3 years: 3D printing 37:techno8 selfempl elb0200 Usage last 3 years: Internet of Things 37:techno9 selfempl elb0678 Usage last 3 years: Platforms for order acquisition SOEP Survey Papers 1402 22 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 51 Is there a remuneration regulation in your field, such as the fee schedule for architects and engineers (Honorarordnung für Architekten und Ingenieure)? Yes, remuneration regulations such as Honorarordnung 1 Yes, an intermediary agency (platform) sets the prices 2 No, I set the prices freely 3 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 51:elb0657 selfempl elb0657 Remuneration regulations such as Honorarordnung für A. u. I. 52 What is the legal form of your company? Sole proprietorship with full liability of one person 1 Partnership, i.e. KG, OHG or GbR 2 Limited liability company as GmbH, UG or Ltd. 3 Public limited company, i.e. AG, SE 4 Mixed forms, i.e. GmbH & Co. KG, KGaA 5 Other legal form 8 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 52:rechtsform selfempl elb0261 Legal form of the company 53 What was the earnings situation of your company in the 2020 and 2021 fiscal years? Very good Good Satisfactory Sufficient Unsatisfactory I can’t / don’t want to respond 2020 1 2 3 4 5 -1 2021 1 2 3 4 5 -1 53:ertraglag2020 selfempl elb0262_v2 Earnings situation of company in penultimate fiscal year 53:ertraglag2021 selfempl elb0263_v2 Earnings situation of company in last fiscal year 54 What share of your revenue comes from your largest client? Less than 50 percent 1 50 to 75 percent 2 More than 75 percent 3 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 54:elb0658 selfempl elb0658 Share of revenue from largest client in euros SOEP Survey Papers 1402 29 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 55 What was your turnover in the 2020 and 2021 fiscal years? If exact figures are not not known, please estimate. [Amount approximately] 2020 [...] euros 0:100000000000 55:umsatz2020 selfempl elb0264 Turnover in penultimate fiscal year in euros 55:umsatz2020 selfempl elb0264_cat2 Turnover in penultimate fiscal year in euros [categories] I cannot/do not want to answer 1 [Amount approximately] 2021 [...] euros 0:100000000000 55:umsatz2021 selfempl elb0266 Turnover in last fiscal year in euros 55:umsatz2021 selfempl elb0266_cat2 Turnover in last fiscal year in euros [categories] I cannot/do not want to answer 1 56 What was your company’s reported taxable profit in 2021? [...] euros -99999999:99999999 56:elb0484 selfempl elb0484 Taxable profit last year in euros 56:elb0484 selfempl elb0484_cat Taxable profit last year in euros [categories] I cannot/do not want to answer 1 57 What was the total cost of materials and other operating expenses in your company in 2021 as a whole? Cost of materials includes: Purchased goods and services for resale in the same condition, raw materials, consumables and supplies, e.g. expenses for fuel or electricity, purchased services (not for resale but for consumption within the company) and other operating expenses, including temporary staff and freelancers. Please provide the information either in euros or in percentages, not both. If „none“, please enter „0“. Expenditure in euros […] 0:100000000000 Expenditure relative to sales (in percent): […] 0:100 57:elb0482 selfempl elb0482 Material and operational expenses last year in euros 57:elb0482 selfempl elb0482_cat Material and operational expenses last year in euros [categories] 57:elb0483 selfempl elb0483 Material and operational expenses last year relative to sales in percent I cannot/do not want to answer 1 7;elb0636=1 58 What was the percentage share of personnel costs in total operating costs in 2021? If exact figures are not not known, please estimate. Percentage of operating costs [...] % 0:100 58:perskost selfempl elb0270 Share of personnel costs in operating costs last year in % I cannot/do not want to answer 1 SOEP Survey Papers 1402 30 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 7;elb0636=1 59 How has the percentage share of personnel costs in total operating costs changed in 2020 compared to 2020?1 Share decreased in the last year 1 Share remained the same in the last year 2 Share increased in the last year 3 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 59:perskostaend selfempl elb0273_v2 Change in personnel costs compared to penultimate year B12 Personal attitudes 60 To what extent do the following statements apply to you from today’s perspective? Does not apply at all 2 3 4 5 6 Fully applies I can’t / don’t want to respond From today’s perspective, it is the right decision to be an entrepreneur or self-employed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 I have my entrepreneurial development as a self-employed completely under control 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 60:elb0361_v2 selfempl elb0361_v2 Attitude: Self-employment currently the right decision 60:elb0362_v2 selfempl elb0362_v2 Attitude: Company development as a self-employed currently under control 61 And what was it like before the coronavirus crisis at the beginning of the year 2020? Does not apply at all 2 3 4 5 6 Fully applies I can’t / don’t want to respond It was the right decision to become an entrepreneur or self-employed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 I had my entrepreneurial development as a self-employed completely under control 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 61:elb0364_v2 selfempl elb0364_v2 Attitude before Corona pandemie: Entrepreneurial activ. and self-empl. was right decision 61:elb0365_v2 selfempl elb0365_v2 Att. before Corona pandemie: Entrepreneurial develop. as self-employed fully under cont. SOEP Survey Papers 1402 31 SOEP-Core SOEP-LEE2 Self-employed Persons 2022 62 What are the greatest difficulties in carrying out your entrepreneurial/self-employed activity? No difficulty 2 3 4 5 6 Very high difficulty I can’t / don’t want to respond A lot of bureaucracy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 High workload 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 Financial risk 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 Lack of employees 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 Qualification of employees 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 Uncertain future 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 Other difficulties 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 62:elb0377_v2 selfempl elb0377_v2 Difficulties: A lot of bureaucracy 62:elb0378_v2 selfempl elb0378_v2 Difficulties: High workload 62:elb0379_v2 selfempl elb0379_v2 Difficulties: Financial risk 62:elb0380_v2 selfempl elb0380_v2 Difficulties: Lack of employees 62:elb0381_v2 selfempl elb0381_v2 Difficulties: Qualification of employees 62:elb0382_v2 selfempl elb0382_v2 Difficulties: Uncertain future 62:elb0660 selfempl elb0660 Difficulties: Other challenges 63 To what extent do you agree with the following statement: We have the right framework conditions in Germany for entrepreneurial or self-employed activities. Does not apply at all 1 22 33 44 55 66 Fully applies 7 I can’t / don’t want to respond -1 63:elb0376 selfempl elb0376 Germany has the right conditions for entrepreneurial/self-employment 64 If you have any additional comments or suggestions regarding the survey, you can share them with us here. 64:comment selfempl eab0013 Comments and suggestions SOEP Survey Papers 1402 32