SOEP-Core - 2023: Report of survey methodology and fieldwork

Wei z, Jenni e e al.
Resea ch Repo
SOEP-Co e - 2023: Repo o su ey me hodology and
ieldwo k
SOEP Su ey Pape s, No. 1495
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
Ge man Ins i u e o Economic Resea ch (DIW Be lin)
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Wei z, Jenni e e al. (2025) : SOEP-Co e - 2023: Repo o su ey me hodology
and ieldwo k, SOEP Su ey Pape s, No. 1495, Deu sches Ins i u ü Wi scha s o schung (DIW),
Ge man Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), Be lin
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Jenni e Wei z, Michael Ruland, Thomas Weiß, Do is Hess, Lenna d Liebich, The esa Mülle , Jona han Eisleb,
Maximilian Pone (in as)
Se ies B - Su ey Repo s (Me hodenbe ich e)
SOEP-Co e – 2023: Repo o
Su ey Me hodology and Fieldwo k
1495
2025
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Jenni e Wei z, Michael Ruland, Thomas Weiß, Do is Hess, Lenna d Liebich, The esa Mülle , Jona han Eisleb,
Maximilian Pone (in as). 2025. SOEP-Co e – 2023: Repo o Su ey Me hodology and Fieldwo k. SOEP
Su ey Pape s 1495: Se ies B. Be lin: DIW/SOEP.
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SOEP-Co e – 2023: Repo o Su ey
Me hodology and Fieldwo k
Jenni e Wei z, Michael Ruland, Thomas Weiß, Do is Hess, Lenna d Liebich,
The esa Mülle , Jona han Eisleb, Maximilian Pone (in as)
Bonn, 2025
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Au ho s
Jenni e Wei z, Michael Ruland, Thomas Weiß, Do is Hess, Lenna d Liebich,
The esa Mülle , Jona han Eisleb, Maximilian Pone
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P elimina y Rema k
The Socio-
Economic Panel (SOEP) is conduc ed by in as Ins i u e o Applied Social
Sciences on behal o he Ge man Ins i u e o Economic Resea ch (DIW Be lin). This
wa e epo documen s he main s eps o he empi ical implemen a ion and execu-
ion o his 40 h su ey wa e o all subsamples o SOEP-CORE, SOEP-IS and he IAB-
BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees 2023, which we e conduc ed in a mixed-mode de-
sign. All su ey documen s used a e documen ed in he appendix.
in as Ins i u e o Applied Social Sciences
Con en s
1 In oduc ion 11
2 SOEP-CORE 12
2.1 Panel Samples (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b) 15
2.1.1 G oss Sample 17
2.1.2 Design 22
2.1.3 Resul s 38
2.2 Re eshmen Sample M8c 57
2.2.1 G oss Sample 58
2.2.2 Design 59
2.2.3 Resul s 60
2.3 In e iewe Moni o ing 69
2.4 Da a Checking, P ocessing and Deli e y 70
2.4.1 Da a Cleaning and Da a P ocessing 70
2.4.2 Da a Deli e y 72
3 IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees in Ge many 74
3.1 Panel Samples (M3-M6) 75
3.1.1 G oss Sample 76
3.1.2 Design 80
3.1.3 Resul s 89
3.2 Re eshmen Sample M9 103
3.2.1 G oss Sample 105
3.2.2 Design 107
3.2.3 Resul s 110
3.2.4 Follow-up Online Su ey 124
3.3 In e iewe Moni o ing 129
3.4 Da a Deli e y 130
4 SOEP-IS 132
4.1 Panel Samples (E1, E2, I1-I6) 132
4.1.1 G oss Sample 134
4.1.2 Design 138
4.1.3 Resul s 150
4.2 Re eshmen Sample (I7) 162
4.2.1 G oss Sample 163
4.2.2 Design 164
4.2.3 Resul s 167
4.3 In e iewe Moni o ing 173
4.4 Da a Deli e y 173
A achmen 175
Lis o Figu es
Figu e 1 The Mixed-mode Design (A-R, M1, M2, M7) 22
Figu e 2 Con ac S a egy in 2023 o Subsamples A-R, M1, M2, M7 and CAPI-
S a e s M8a, M8b 30
Figu e 3 Comple ion o Household In e iews in he Field (A-R, M1, M2, M7,
M8a, M8b) 38
Figu e 4 Comple ion o Household In e iews in he Field (M8c) 61
Figu e 5 Comple ion o Household In e iews in he Field (M3-M6) 89
Figu e 6 Comple ion o Household In e iews in he Field (M9) 112
Figu e 7 O e iew Fieldwo k Phases (Follow-up Online Su ey) 125
Figu e 8 Example o an es ima ion ques ion o he Module “Molleman” 142
Lis o Tables
Table 1 O e iew o Subsamples (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b, M8c) 13
Table 2 Summa y Fieldwo k (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b) 15
Table 3 Panel S a us o Households Be o e he S a o he 2023 Su ey Wa e
by Subsample (A-Q, M1, M2, M7, M8a) 17
Table 4 Panel S a us o Households Be o e he S a o he 2023 Su ey Wa e
by Subsample (R, M8b) 18
Table 5 G oss Sample by Household Size and Subsample (A-Q, M1, M2, M7,
M8a) 18
Table 6 G oss Sample by Household Size and Subsample (R, M8b) 19
Table 7 G oss Sample by Fede al S a e and Subsample (A-Q, M1, M2, M7,
M8a) 19
Table 8 G oss Sample by Fede al S a e and Subsample (R, M8b) 20
Table 9 G oss Sample by Municipali y Size and Subsample (A-Q, M1, M2, M7,
M8a) 21
Table 10 G oss Sample by Municipali y Size and Subsample (R, M8b) 21
Table 11 O e iew o Su ey Ins umen s (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b) 25
Table 12 O e iew o Communica ion/Su ey Documen s (A-R, M1, M2, M7,
M8a, M8b) 32
Table 13 Cha ac e is ics o he In e iewe S a (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b)
37
Table 14 Pa icipa ion a Household Le el by Type o Household (AAPOR Codes)
(A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b) 39
Table 15 Pa icipa ion a Household Le el by Subsample (AAPOR Codes) (A-Q,
M1, M2, M7, M8a) 41
Table 16 Pa icipa ion a Household Le el by Subsample (AAPOR Codes) (R,
M8b) 42
Table 17 Numbe o In e iewe Con ac s by Field Resul (AAPOR Codes) (A-R,
M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b) 43
Table 18 Resul s Le e o Non-con ac s a Household Le el (A-R, M1, M2, M7,
M8a, M8b) 44
Table 19 Resul s PAPI Con e sion-le e a Household Le el (A-R, M1, M2, M7,
M8a, M8b) 44
Table 20 Resul s CAWI Con e sion-le e a Household Le el (R, M1, M2, M7,
M8a, M8b) 44
Table 21 Resul s Follow-up Le e CAWI-S a e s (M8a, M8b) 45
Table 22 Pa icipa ion a Indi idual Le el by Subsample (AAPOR Codes) (A-Q,
M1, M2, M7, M8a) 46
Table 23 Pa icipa ion a Indi idual Le el by Subsample (AAPOR Codes) (R, M8b)
47
Table 24 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by Subsample (A-Q, M1, M2, M7, M8a) 48
Table 25 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by Subsample (R, M8b) 48
Table 26 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by Household Size (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a,
M8b) 49
Table 27 Resul s o Swi ch o PAPI a Indi idual Le el (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a,
M8b) 49
Table 28 Resul s o Swi ch o CAWI a Indi idual Le el (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a,
M8b) 50
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 13
Tabelle 1 O e iew o Subsamples (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b, M8c)
Iden i ie
Subsamples
Yea o ini ial su ey
Households in he g oss
sample 2023
A Residen s in he Fede al Republic
o Ge many
1984 951
B Fo eigne s in he Fede al Republic
o Ge many
1984 111
C Ge man esiden s in he Ge man
Democ a ic Republic (GDR)
1990 625
D
Immig an s
1994/1995
96
E
Re eshe
1998
38
F
Re eshe
2000
1,255
G
High income
2002
422
H
Re eshe
2006
376
J
Re eshe
2011
1,290
K
Re eshe
2012
709
L1
Coho s
2010
847
L2/L3
Family ypes I/II
2010/2011
1,904
M1
Mig a ion
2013
984
M2
Mig a ion
2015
355
M7
Mig a ion
2020
582
M8a
Mig a ion
2020
924
M8b
Mig a ion
2022
2,367
M8c
Mig a ion-Re eshe
2023
16,500
N
PIAAC
2017
1,710
O
Social-Ci y
2018
584
P
Top sha eholde
2019
1,367
Q
Quee
2019
437
R
Re eshe
2022
6,716
All subsamples o al
41,150
Sou ce: in as
– Subsamples M7 and M8a: These mig an samples we e d awn in 2020. The a -
ge g oup o he M7 subsample consis s o mig an s om he EU coun ies Po-
land, Bulga ia, and Romania and is in ended o e lec mig a ion dynamics in
he pe iod om 2016 o 2018. M8a consis s o mig an s om non-EU coun ies
who a i ed in Ge many be ween 2017 and 2018.
– Subsample M8b: This mig an sample was d awn in 2022. I consis s o mi-
g an s om non-EU coun ies who a i ed in Ge many be ween 2019 and 2020.
– Subsample M8c: This mig an sample was d awn in 2023. I consis s o mi-
g an s om non-EU coun ies who a i ed in Ge many in 2020 o la e .
– Subsample N: The P og amme o he In e na ional Assessmen o Adul Com-
pe encies (PIAAC) was commissioned by he OECD o examine he basic compe-
encies needed o pa icipa e success ully in socie y and in wo king li e. The i s

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 14
su ey was conduc ed in 2011/2012. The coope a ion p ojec PIAAC-L o GESIS
(Leibniz Ins i u e o he Social Sciences) aimed a ans o ming he PIAAC s udy
in o a longi udinal su ey wi h h ee epea wa es. In 2017, households om
his s udy we e in eg a ed in o he SOEP.
– Subsample O: In coope a ion wi h he Fede al Ins i u e o Resea ch on Build-
ing, U ban A ai s and Spa ial De elopmen (BBSR), new households we e e-
c ui ed in 2018 in a eas pa icipa ing in he so-called "Socially In eg a i e Ci y"
p og am and combined in o subsample O.
– Subsample P: The " op sha eholde " subsample P consis s o households in
which people li e who own company sha es o high alue. A p ima y objec i e
o d awing his sample was o pu he ede al go e nmen 's Po e y and
Weal h Repo on a mo e solid empi ical oo ing.
– Subsample Q: In 2019, he SOEP was expanded o include he so-called LGB sam-
ple (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual). This subsample Q supplemen s he SOEP wi h da a
on he li ing condi ions o people wi h a homosexual and bisexual o ien a ion;
in his espec , he SOEP p e iously o e ed only ew possibili ies o analysis.
– Subsample R: In 2022 he SOEP was e eshed by subsample R by addi ional
households. R is a na ionwide ep esen a i e andom sample.
The ollowing chap e s p o ide an insigh in o he p epa a ions o he 40 h su -
ey wa e. In addi ion o he s udy design, including he incen i e concep and he
co esponding su ey ins umen s, his also includes key da a on in e iew ain-
ing, con ac s a egies and acking measu es o ind households ha ha e mo ed
away o no been eached. The panel samples (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b) a e
discussed i s in Chap e 2.1, ollowed by he e eshmen sample M8c in Chap e
2.2.
In each case, a b ie o e iew o he s udy implemen a ion o he espec i e sub-
sample(s) is gi en i s . In o de o gain an imp ession o he sample sizes, he
g oss sizes o he panel samples a e hen p esen ed so ha he ini ial si ua ion o
he add esses o be p ocessed in 2023 is known. The implemen ed su ey design
is hen p esen ed, including he su ey ins umen s used, he con ac s a egy ap-
plied and he in e iewe deploymen . Finally, he ield esul s a e p esen ed.
Following ha , o he whole o SOEP-CORE, in Chap e 2.3 quali y con ol is dis-
cussed as well as da a checking, p ocessing and deli e y in Chap e 2.4.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 15
2.1 Panel Samples (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b)
The SOEP-CORE panel sample su ey began in Ap il 2023 and ended in Decembe
2023. 24,650 households we e o be con ac ed du ing his pe iod, o which 14,165
household ook pa . The in e iews we e conduc ed in he ollowing modes:
– Compu e Assis ed Pe sonal In e iew (CAPI)
– Compu e Assis ed Sel -adminis e ed In e iew (CASI)
– Compu e Assis ed Web In e iew (CAWI)
– Pape And Pencil In e iew (PAPI)
– Compu e Assis ed Telephone In e iew (CATI)
Wi hin he pa icipa ing households, a o al o 15,984 indi idual in e iews we e
conduc ed wi h adul s and 739 in e iews wi h adolescen s. In addi ion, pa en s
p o ided in o ma ion on 1,570 child en.
Table 2 below p esen s he key pa ame e s o he 2023 su ey, which will be dis-
cussed in mo e de ail in he ollowing chap e s.
Tabelle 2 Summa y Fieldwo k (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b)
SOEP-CORE 2023: Subsamples A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b
Mode
Mixed-Mode design: CAPI, CAWI, CASI, CATI, PAPI
Implemen a ion pe iod
Augus 2022 un il Ma ch 2024
Fieldwo k phase
Ap il 2023 (CW 14) 2023 – Decembe 2023 (CW 52 2023)
Ta ge Popula ion
Households wi h ollow-up concep o all household membe s (na-
ionwide)
Sample
Panel sample:
− all households om p e ious wa es wi hou panel e usal
− minus e oca ions in he mean ime
G oss sample
(household le el)
To al n = 24,650, o which:
n = 20,166 epea e
n = 4,047 empo a y d opou
n = 437 new households (spli )
Su ey ins umen s
– Household ques ionnai e (CAPI, CASI, CAWI, CATI, PAPI)
– Indi idual ques ionnai e (CAPI, CASI, CAWI, CATI, PAPI)
– Biog aphy ques ionnai e (CAPI, CASI, CAWI, CATI, PAPI)
– G ip s eng h es (CAPI)
– You h ques ionnai e (CAPI, CASI, CAWI, CATI)
– Compe ency es “Lus au DJ” (CAPI, CASI)
– In eg a ed child ques ionnai e (CAPI, CASI, CAWI, CATI)
– Gap ques ionnai e (CAPI, CASI, CAWI, CATI, PAPI)
– Deceased indi idual ques ion. (CAPI, CASI, CAWI, CATI, PAPI)
Fo eign language
ins umen s
The ques ionnai es a e used in he languages Ge man and English
(excluding he compe ency es “Lus au DJ”, which was only a ail-
able in Ge man).
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 16
Ques ionnai e du a-
ions
– Household ques ionnai e: Ø 24.2 min.
– Indi idual ques ionnai e: Ø 42.3 min.
– Biog aphy ques ionnai e: Ø 25.6 min.
– G ip s eng h es : Ø 3.0 min.
– You h ques ionnai e: Ø 20.7 min.
– Compe ency es “Lus au DJ” Ø 24.0 min.
– Child ques ionnai e: Ø 8.1 min.
– Gap ques ionnai e: Ø 1.6 min.
– „Deceased indi idual" ques ionnai e Ø 4.6 min.
Comple ed
in e iews
Household Le el:
Households wi h in e iew: 14,168 (57.5 pe cen )
In e iewed households wi h household ques ionnai e and a leas
one indi idual ques ionnai e: 12,428 (50.4 pe cen )
Comple ed indi iduals bo n 2005 o ea lie : 18,037 (38.7 pe cen )
Incen i e
−
Comple ed samples A-R, M1, M2: incen i iza ion o all espond-
en s (up o coho 2005: 10 eu o o coho s 2006-2011: 5 eu o)
− Comple ed samples M7, M8a, M8b: incen i iza ion o all e-
sponden s (up o coho 2005: 40 eu o o coho s 2006-2011:
5 eu o)
T acking
P oac i e acking echniques:
− Panel main enance be ween su ey wa es (New Yea ’s Ca d o
household, bi hday ca d o adul s in households)
− Ad ance le e o he indi iduals in he panel sample
− Thank-you le e send o all pa icipan s wi h incen i e
− ee ho line
− S udy-speci ic e-mail-add ess
− S udy websi e
Add ess esea ch ia in o ma ion
− O he in e iew households/household membe s
− O he in e iewe s
− Add ess ac o y o he Deu sche Pos
− EWO esea ch ( egis a ion o ice acking)
− Telephone numbe esea ch
−
Online add ess po al
In e iewe deploy-
men
433 in e iewe s om he ace- o- ace ield
85 in e iewe s om he CATI ield
In e iewe aining
(digi al o p esence)
CAPI:
− 6 ainings o in e iewe s wi h expe ience in he SOEP su ey
− 7 ainings o in e iewe s wi hou expe ience in he SOEP su -
ey
CATI:
−
2 ainings o in e iewe s wi h expe ience in he SOEP su ey
Sou ce: in as
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 17
2.1.1 G oss Sample
The g oss sample o he 2023 su ey is based on he esul s o he p e ious yea 's
wa e. In p inciple, all ac i e pa icipan s (households and household membe s)
om he p e ious wa e as well as he empo a y d opou s om his wa e - i.e.
hose who suspended hei pa icipa ion in 2022 - a e asked again in 2023 o pa -
icipa e in he s udy. Households o indi iduals who indica ed in 2022 ha hey
a e no longe willing o able o suppo he s udy in he subsequen wa es, on he
o he hand, will no longe pa icipa e in he s udy and do he e o e no ecei e
ano he in i a ion.
As a esul , 24,213 1households o m he g oss sample o he 2023 su ey wa e
(see Table 3 and Table 4). O hese, 20,166 belong o he epea edly su eyed
households. Pe design, households o he e eshmen samples om 2022 (R and
M8b) we e only deployed in 2023 i hey pa icipa ed in 2022.
Due o he dynamic panel concep , in which people who ha e mo ed ou o a
panel household con inue o be in e iewed as pa o he s udy, he size o he
g oss sample also inc eases o e he cou se o a wa e. The new add ess is su -
eyed by he in e iewe and hese pe sons o m so-called spli households. Only
pe sons who ha e mo ed ab oad canno o m spli households and a e no in e -
iewed u he .
A he end o he ieldwo k o his 2023 su ey wa e, 437 new households we e
added.
Tabelle 3 Panel S a us o Households Be o e he S a o he 2023 Su ey Wa e
by Subsample (A-Q, M1, M2, M7, M8a)
Household Le-
el
To al
Basis
Mig a ion
A-Q
M1, M2
M7
M8a
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
15,199
100.0
12,402
100.0
1,305
100.0
578
100.0
914
100.0
Pa icipa ing
households
om p e ious
wa e
11,152 73.4
9,902 79.8 736
56.4 169 29.2 345 37.7
Tempo a y
d opou s
4,047
26.6
2,500
20.2
569
43.6
409
70.8
569
62.3
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield
1 n = 9 o hese 24,213 households we e la e emo ed om he inal su ey da a, because acco ding o he SOEP su ey
design, hey should ha e no been pa o he panel sample.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 18
Tabelle 4 Panel S a us o Households Be o e he S a o he 2023 Su ey Wa e
by Subsample (R, M8b)
Household Le-
el
To al
R
M8b
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
9,014
100.0
6,663
100.0
2,351
100.0
Pa icipa ing
households
om p e ious
wa e
9,014
100.0
6,663
100.0
2,351
100.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield
The ollowing ables p o ide in o ma ion on he key household cha ac e is ics o
he g oss sample, di e en ia ed acco ding o he a ious subsamples. Table 5 and
Table 6 p o ide in o ma ion on household size, i.e. he numbe o membe s li ing
in a household a he ime o he in e iew. In subsamples A-Q, 67.0 pe cen o
households consis o one o wo household membe s and in subsample R 57.3
pe cen . The di e ence can be explained by he ac ha , on a e age, he house-
holds o subsamples A-Q consis s o an olde popula ion in which child en a e
mo e likely o ha e le home han in subsample R ( he a e age age in A-Q is 45
yea s and in R 38 yea s). In he mig a ion samples M1, M2 and M7, his p opo ion
is be ween 43.9 and 51.6 pe cen . In he M8a and M8b mig a ion sample, howe e ,
he p opo ion o one- o wo-pe son households is be ween 72.3 and 81.0 pe cen .
This can be explained by he a ge popula ion, which consis s o young people
who came o Ge many as pa o he Skilled Immig a ion Ac o pu sue gain ul
employmen he e.
Tabelle 5 G oss Sample by Household Size and Subsample (A-Q, M1, M2, M7,
M8a)
House-
hold
Size
To al Basis Mig a ion
A-Q
M1, M2
M7
M8a
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss
sample*
15,199 100.0 12,402 100.0 1,305 100.0 578 100.0 914 100.0
1
4,633
30.5
3,855
31.1
249
19.1
120
20.8
409
44.7
2
5,205
34.2
4,451
35.9
324
24.8
178
30.8
252
27.6
3
2,171
14.3
1,649
13.3
268
20.5
136
23.5
118
12.9
4 2,102 13.8 1,614 13.0 282 21.6 100 17.3 106 11.6
5+
1,088
7.2
833
6.7
182
13.9
44
7.6
29
3.2
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 19
Tabelle 6 G oss Sample by Household Size and Subsample (R, M8b)
Household
Size
To al R M8b
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
9,014
100.0
6,663
100.0
2,351
100.0
1
2,583
28.7
1,542
23.1
1,041
44.3
2
3,141
34.8
2,279
34.2
862
36.7
3
1,565
17.4
1,301
19.5
264
11.2
4
1,289
14.3
1,143
17.2
146
6.2
5+ 436 4.8 398 6.0 38 1.6
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield
Table 7 and Table 8 as well as Table 9 and Table 10 show he dis ibu ion o he
g oss sample ac oss he indi idual ede al s a es in Ge many and by municipali y
size class. I can be seen ha all ede al s a es a e ep esen ed in all subsamples;
hei espec i e sha es co espond app oxima ely o he popula ion dis ibu ion
in Ge many. The same applies o he dis ibu ion by municipali y size class.
Tabelle 7 G oss Sample by Fede al S a e and Subsample (A-Q, M1, M2, M7,
M8a)
Household
Le el
To al
Basis
Mig a ion
A-Q
M1, M2
M7
M8a
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss
sample*
15,199
100.0
12,402
100.0
1,305
100.0
578
100.0
914
100.0
Schleswig-
Hols ein
538
3.5
487
3.9
32
2.5
8
1.4
11
1.2
Hambu g
352
2.3
290
2.3
38
2.9
5
0.9
19
2.1
Lowe Sa-
xony
1,363
9.0
1,151
9.3
108
8.3
43
7.4
61
6.7
B emen
134
0.9
102
0.8
9
0.7
7
1.2
16
1.8
No h
Rhine-
Wes phalia
3,197
21.0
2,463
19.9
373
28.6
158
27.3
203
22.2
Hesse
1,049
6.9
821
6.6
97
7.4
45
7.8
86
9.4
Rhineland
Pala ina e
624
4.1
480
3.9
94
7.2
22
3.8
28
3.1
Baden-
Wue em-
be g
1,632
10.7
1,300
10.5
151
11.6
74
12.8
107
11.7
Ba a ia
2,447
16.1
1,921
15.5
227
17.4
113
19.6
186
20.4
Saa land
157
1.0
121
1.0
15
1.1
14
2.4
7
0.8
Be lin
849
5.6
616
5.0
51
3.9
34
5.9
148
16.2
B anden-
bu g
617
4.1
569
4.6
23
1.8
10
1.7
15
1.6
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 20
Mecklen-
bu g Wes-
e n Pome-
ania
322
2.1
303
2.4
6
0.5
7
1.2
6
0.7
Saxony 923 6.1 873 7.0 36 2.8 9 1.6 5 0.5
Saxony-An-
hal
498
3.3
457
3.7
21
1.6
16
2.8
4
0.4
Thu ingia
497
3.3
448
3.6
24
1.8
13
2.2
12
1.3
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield
Tabelle 8 G oss Sample by Fede al S a e and Subsample (R, M8b)
Household Le el
To al
R
M8b
abs. in % abs. in % abs. in %
G oss sample*
9,014
100.0
6,663
100.0
2,351
100.0
Schleswig-Hol-
s ein
241
2.7
210
3.2
31
1.3
Hambu g
196
2.2
117
1.8
79
3.4
Lowe Saxony 720 8.0 590 8.9 130 5.5
B emen
72
0.8
47
0.7
25
1.1
No h Rhine-Wes -
phalia
1,842
20.4
1,432
21.5
410
17.4
Hesse
620
6.9
393
5.9
227
9.7
Rhineland Pala i-
na e
335
3.7
273
4.1
62
2.6
Baden-Wue em-
be g
1,155
12.8
732
11.0
423
18.0
Ba a ia
1,498
16.6
1,033
15.5
465
19.8
Saa land
73
0.8
50
0.8
23
1.0
Be lin
590
6.5
278
4.2
312
13.3
B andenbu g
346
3.8
334
5.0
12
0.5
Mecklenbu g Wes-
e n Pome ania
170 1.9 138 2.1 32 1.4
Saxony 619 6.9 570 8.6 49 2.1
Saxony-Anhal
332
3.7
311
4.7
21
0.9
Thu ingia
205
2.3
155
2.3
50
2.1
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 21
Tabelle 9 G oss Sample by Municipali y Size and Subsample (A-Q, M1, M2, M7,
M8a)
Household
Le el
To al
Basis
Mig a ion
A-Q
M1, M2
M7
M8a
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss
sample*
15,199 100.0 12,402 100.0 1,305 100.0 578 100.0 914 100.0
Fewe han
2,000 inha-
bi an s
662 4.4 606 4.9 28 2.1 20 3.5 8 0.9
2,000 o
5,000 inha-
bi an s
1,155 7.6 1,050 8.5 48 3.7 36 6.2 21 2.3
5,000 o
20,000 in-
habi an s
3,751
24.7
3,196
25.8
291
22.3
126
21.8
138
15.1
20,000 o
50,000 in-
habi an s
2,643
17.4
2,158
17.4
253
19.4
113
19.6
119
13.0
50,000 o
100,000 in-
habi an s
1,342
8.8
1,124
9.1
111
8.5
35
6.1
72
7.9
100,000 o
500,000 in-
habi an s
2,552
16.8
1,920
15.5
265
20.3
153
26.5
214
23.4
Mo e han
500,000 in-
habi an s
3,094
20.4
2,348
18.9
309
23.7
95
16.4
342
37.4
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield
Tabelle 10 G oss Sample by Municipali y Size and Subsample (R, M8b)
Household Le el
To al
R
M8b
abs. in % abs. in % abs. in %
G oss sample*
9,014
100.0
6,663
100.0
2,351
100.0
Fewe han 2,000
inhabi an s
338
3.7
334
5.0
4
0.2
2,000 o 5,000 in-
habi an s
655
7.3
641
9.6
14
0.6
5,000 o 20,000
inhabi an s
2,129
23.6
2,065
31.0
64
2.7
20,000 o 50,000
inhabi an s
1,387
15.4
1,176
17.6
211
9.0
50,000 o 100,000
inhabi an s
934
10.4
700
10.5
234
10.0
100,000 o
500,000 inhabi-
an s
1,656
18.4
792
11.9
864
36.8
Mo e han
500,000 inhabi-
an s
1,915
21.2
955
14.3
960
40.8
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 22
2.1.2 Design
The mixed-mode design used o he panel samples in 2023 is p esen ed below
(Chap e 2.1.2.1). In addi ion, he su ey ins umen s used a e p esen ed (Chap e
2.1.2.2) so ha an insigh can be gained in o wha con en was su eyed in 2023.
The con ac s a egy (Chap e 2.1.2.3) is hen p esen ed a household and indi id-
ual le el, s a ing wi h he ad ance le e h ough o he hank-you le e s. Fi-
nally, his chap e p esen s he in e iewe deploymen (Chap e 2.1.2.4).
2.1.2.1 Mixed-mode Design
Fo he panel samples A-R, M1, M2, M7, he mixed-mode design in oduced las
yea was con inued o he 2023 su ey. I is shown in he ollowing Figu e 1.
Abbildung 1 The Mixed-mode Design (A-R, M1, M2, M7)
Indi idual in e iews
on eques /
in pa allel
on eques
on eques
Non-con ac households o so e use s in he household
So e use s/
empo a ily absen
household membe s
on eques
HH-composi ion
Con ac ing
HH
HH
on eques
on eques
So e use s/
empo a ily absen
on eques
HH
HH
Sou ce: in as, own igu e
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 29
Ques ionnai e "Deceased Indi idual"
This ques ionnai e was aimed a household membe s who expe ienced a amily
loss in 2022. The deceased indi idual did no necessa ily ha e o ha e li ed in he
a ge pe son's household. Whe he o no o submi his ques ionnai e was de-
cided based on he in o ma ion in he indi idual ques ionnai e. The aim o his
ques ionnai e was o ob ain as accu a e a pic u e as possible o he ci cums ances
and e ec s o he dea h. Topics o he ques ionnai e deceased indi idual include:
– Rela ionship and ela ionship o he deceased
– Reasons and ci cums ances o he dea h
– Heal h o he deceased
– Sa is ac ion and li e ci cums ances o he deceased
Residen ial En i onmen Ques ionnai e
In addi ion o he in o ma ion in he household ques ionnai e, in o ma ion on he
esiden ial en i onmen was also ob ained om he in e iewe s. They we e
asked o answe a o al o en ques ions on he esiden ial en i onmen o each
household hey wo ked wi h, ega dless o whe he an in e iew wi h he house-
hold could be comple ed o no .
2.1.2.3 Con ac ing and Communica ion
P io o being con ac ed by an in e iewe , all household membe s o he panel
samples A-R, M1, M2, M7 as well as he CAPI-s a e s o M8a, M8b ha we e lis ed
in he panel egis e and who u ned 18 in he su ey yea (in 2023 all household
membe s bo n 2005 o ea lie ) ecei ed an ad ance le e o announce he s a o
he new su ey wa e.
A e ecei ing he le e , he households we e con ac ed by an in e iewe . I a
alid elephone numbe was a ailable, he in e iewe con ac ed he household
by elephone. I no alid elephone numbe was a ailable o he elephone con ac
a emp s we e unsuccess ul, he in e iewe made pe sonal con ac wi h he
household, o schedule an in e iew appoin men .
To help he in e iewe s es ablishing con ac and scheduling an in e iew wi h
he household, hey we e gi en some suppo ing ma e ials. Con ac ca ds o ex-
ample could be d opped in o he mailbox, hus es ablishing ini ial con ac , i he
household was home when con ac ing in pe son.
I he e was a wish o answe he ques ionnai es as PAPI o CAWI o i he in e -
iewe could no each he household se e al imes e en du ing pe sonal con ac ,
u he le e s we e sen cen ally by in as. Figu e 2 shows he con ac s a egy in
2023.
The CAWI-s a e households o M8a, M8b ecei ed a le e wi h access o he web
su ey. As pa o a sequen ial app oach, he ini ial CAWI le e in i ed he head
o household o ake pa in he su ey i s . In addi ion o his designa ed ques-
ionnai es, he head o household would comple e an online e sion o he house-
hold ma ix. The le e pu special emphasis on he impo ance o he

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 30
pa icipa ion o mig an s om non-EU hi d coun ies. Once he had pa icipa ed,
he household composi ion was known, and all o he household membe s, i he e
we e any, also ecei ed an in i a ion le e wi h access o he web su ey.
Abbildung 2 Con ac S a egy in 2023 o Subsamples A-R, M1, M2, M7 and
CAPI-S a e s M8a, M8b
Con ac ing
Telephone con ac Pe sonal con ac
Cla i ica ion o in e iew mode
Head o household
−CAPI
Fu he household membe s
−CAPI (al e na i elyCASI)
−PAPI/CAWI
−CAWI
−CATI
No e: The su ey mode can a y o indi idual
in e iews in he household. The ques ionnai es
can also be swi ched o a di e en mode du ing
an in e iew. Only he HH-ma ix mus be
adminis e ed using CAPI.
Phone numbe a ailable Phone numbe no a ailable
unsuccesss ul
success ul
Cen alized measu es
−Le e o non-con ac s wi h a
eques o upda e con ac de ails
(household and indi idual le el)
−Swi ch o CATI ield and
cla i ica ions o mode (household
and indi idual le el, a e a leas
ou unsuccess ul con ac a emp s)
−Re usal con e sion le e o so
e use s wi h dispa ch o
ques ionnai e incl. online access
(indi idual le el only)
unsucces ul
success ul
Sou ce: in as, own igu e
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 31
Fieldwo k Measu es
To ensu e a high esponse a e, di e en ieldwo k measu es we e applied du ing
he ield. Fo he households ha s a ed in CAPI he ollowing measu es we e ap-
plied:
Households ha could no be eached a e se e al unsuccess ul a emp s we e
sen a ollow-up le e (add essed o he head o household o he p e ious wa e)
du ing he ield, eminding hem again abou he s udy and asking hem o pa -
icipa e. Since he households could no be con ac ed, hey we e also asked o up-
da e hei add ess da a ia he online add ess po al.
Households whe e no in e iew could be achie ed by an in e iewe bu also did
no gi e a ha d e usal we e swi ched o he PAPI mode nea he end o he ield-
wo k phase. Those households ecei ed a le e add essed o he head o house-
hold o he p e ious wa e including he espec i e pape ques ionnai es and a
pape e sion o he household ma ix as well as a pos age-paid e u n en elope.
Addi ionally, he samples R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b ecei ed a CAWI-link ad-
d essed o he head o household ha led o an online e sion o he household
ma ix and he espec i e ques ionnai es.
Those households ha had been swi ched o a sel -adminis e ed mode wi h he
p e ious measu e, bu s ill did no pa icipa e, hen ecei ed up o wo ollow-up
le e s add essed o he head o he household.
Fieldwo k measu es we e no jus applied a he household le el bu also a he
indi idual le el.
All a ge pe sons who indica ed in he in e iew ha hey did no wish o pa ic-
ipa e in his wa e o he su ey (so e usals) ecei ed a e usal con e sion le e
wi h he espec i e pape ques ionnai es, a pos age-paid e u n en elope and he
access da a o he online su ey. The a ge pe sons could hen choose whe he
hey wan ed o pa icipa e in PAPI o CAWI.
All a ge pe sons who desi ed a mode swi ch bu subsequen ly s ill did no pa -
icipa e in he s udy wi hin ou weeks ecei ed a ollow-up le e . The same was
ue o so e usals who ini ially ecei ed a e usal con e sion le e bu s ill did
no pa icipa e in he s udy. Each ollow-up le e was accompanied by he pape
ques ionnai es o be comple ed indi idually, wi h a no e ha al e na i ely he
su ey could always be comple ed online.
A he ime whe e he inal ollow-up le e wi h he pos incen i e was sen on
he household le el (see abo e), a compa able ollow-up le e was also sen ou
on he indi idual le el. This le e was add essed o a ge pe sons in households
whe e he household ma ix had al eady been comple ed, bu who had no ye
aken pa hemsel es.
The CAWI-s a e s ecei ed wo ollow-up le e s add essed o he head o house-
hold h oughou he ieldwo k phase.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 32
Panel Main enance Measu es
Two panel main enance measu es we e aken as pa o he 2023 su ey wa e o
he panel households: Mailing o a New Yea 's ca d and a bi hday ca d. The aim
o panel main enance measu es is o main ain a dialog wi h panel pa icipan s
and o keep he panel p esen among hem.
In Janua y 2024, a New Yea 's ca d was also sen o households in all subsamples.
In addi ion o New Yea 's wishes om DIW Be lin and in as, his ca d con ained a
hank-you o pa icipa ing in he 2023 su ey wa e wi h a b ie ou look on he
nex wa e. The bi hday ca d was sen o all adul panel membe s.
Su ey Documen s
All communica ion and su ey documen s ha we e used in he su ey a e now
desc ibed in mo e de ail below. An o e iew o he su ey documen s used ac oss
subsamples is p o ided in Table 12.
Tabelle 12 O e iew o Communica ion/Su ey Documen s (A-R, M1, M2, M7,
M8a, M8b)
Documen
Add essees
Households
(head o house-
hold, yea o
bi h un il 2005)
Pe sons un il
yea o bi h
2005
Pe sons bo n in
2006-2011
Ad ance le e and hank-you le e
Ad ance le e CAPI s a
x
Ad ance le e CAWI s a (head o house-
hold)
x
Ad ance le e CAWI s a (o he household
membe s)
x
Thank-you le e
x
x
Thank-you le e eco d linkage DRV x
Field measu es
Le e a e mode swi ch
(PAPI/CAWI)
x
x
Re usal con e sion le e
x
x
x
Follow-up le e (PAPI/CAWI) X x x
Le e o non-con ac s
X
Sou ce: in as
On all le e s, a s udy-speci ic e-mail add ess was indica ed as a communica ion
channel o in as, as well as he numbe o a ee s udy ho line. Ta ge pe sons
could con ac in as a any ime wi h ques ions and we e hen suppo ed by spe-
cially ained s a and, in he case o u he inqui ies, by he p ojec manage-
men .
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 33
Ad ance Le e s
As s a ed abo e, sho ly be o e he espec i e ield ope a ion all household mem-
be s o he households ha s a ed in CAPI bo n 2005 o ea lie ecei ed a pe sonal
ad ance le e announcing he su ey o he cu en su ey wa e. The ad ance
le e also e e ed o he need o make pe sonal con ac . Fu he mo e, e e ence
was also made o con ac possibili ies ha had been se up o eedback a in as.
Fu he mo e, he incen i e was announced. Also as s a ed abo e, he CAWI-s a -
e s, ollowing a sequen ial app oach i s ecei ed an ad ance le e o he head
o household. A e he ook pa in he su ey, u he ad ance le e s we e sen
ou o all o he household membe s.
The ollowing addi ional ma e ials we e enclosed wi h all ad ance le e s:
– A s udy lye ha b ie ly in o med pa icipan s abou all aspec s o he s udy,
including some scien i ic esul s om he p e iously collec ed da a.
– A da a p o ec ion shee , in which he pa icipan s we e comp ehensi ely in-
o med abou he opic o da a p o ec ion. I was desc ibed who p ocesses which
da a, o wha pu pose and how. In addi ion, he pa icipan s we e in o med
abou hei igh s, he o igin o he da a and he olun a y na u e o hei pa -
icipa ion.
Thank-you Le e
The pe sonal hank-you le e was sen o he pa icipan s sho ly a e success-
ul pa icipa ion, including he cash incen i e and an in e iewe con ol ques-
ionnai e wi h a e u n en elope.
As pa o he in e iew, some esponden s we e asked o hei consen o link
da a om he Ge man Pension Insu ance (see Chap e 2.1.3.6). This equi ed w i -
en consen . In o de o ob ain he w i en consen o esponden s who pa ici-
pa ed in he CAWI o CATI mode, he ele an documen s (in o ma ion shee o
eco d linkage o DRV da a, wo copies o he consen o m o eco d linkage o
DRV da a; see below) we e also sen wi h he hank-you le e . A pos age-paid e-
u n en elope was enclosed in his case o esponden s o e u n one copy o
signed consen o m o in as.
Le e a e Mode Swi ch
All a ge pe sons who indica ed in he in e iew ha hey would p e e o sel -
adminis e hei ques ionnai e as a CAWI ecei ed a le e wi hin he nex wo
weeks ega ding he mode swi ch. The a ge pe sons ecei ed he access da a
(link, passwo d and QR code) o he online su ey wi h he le e . The swi ch le -
e o PAPI was accompanied by he indi idually p epa ed ques ionnai es includ-
ing a pos age- ee e u n en elope. In addi ion, he access da a o he online su -
ey we e p in ed on he le e and on all pape ques ionnai es.
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Con e sion Le e
As s a ed abo e, all a ge pe sons and households who indica ed in he in e iew
ha hey did no wish o pa icipa e in his wa e o he su ey (so e usals) e-
cei ed a con e sion le e . In his le e , he indi iduals we e asked o pa icipa e
in his yea 's su ey ia CAWI o PAPI a e all. I he e o e con ained he co e-
sponding CAWI access da a and co esponding PAPI ques ionnai es.
Follow-up Le e
All a ge pe sons who wished o swi ch o a sel -adminis e ed mode and a ge
pe sons o households who ecei ed a con e sion le e we e ini ially asked o
pa icipa e again by ollow-up le e .
Le e o Non-con ac s
Those households ha could no be eached by in e iewe s ecei ed a le e o
non-con ac pe sons o households a e a leas six unsuccess ul con ac a -
emp s, eques ing a con ac da a upda e. This con ac da a upda e could be done
ia he online add ess po al ( ia link o QR code) as well as by phone o e-mail.
2.1.2.4 In e iewe Deploymen
The complex equi emen s o he s udy equi e ca e ul selec ion and aining o
he in e iewe s. All in e iewe s selec ed o he SOEP had o comple e a comp e-
hensi e aining p og am be o e he s a o he ieldwo k, consis ing o a p epa-
a ion phase, pa icipa ion in a digi al o p esence aining e en and a ollow-up
phase.
In o de o do jus ice o he in e iewe s wi h hei di e en le els o expe ience,
he aining p og am was designed once o in e iewe s wi h s udy expe ience
in SOEP and once o hose wi hou speci ic s udy expe ience. In addi ion, he
aining cou ses o CAPI and CATI in e iewe s we e sepa a ed in o de o be able
o adequa ely ake in o accoun he espec i e special ea u es wi h ega d o he
echnical amewo k condi ions and he di e en con ac s a egies (pe sonal
con ac s on si e/ elephone con ac s).
In he ollowing, he espec i e con en s and he p ocedu e o he implemen a-
ion o he aining p og am wi h ega d o all phases a e p esen ed as well as an
o e iew o he in e iewe s used.
2.1.2.5 T aining o CAPI and CATI In e iewe s
Fo he p epa a ion phase, he in e iewe s we e gi en a ime window o wo
weeks be o e pa icipa ing in he ac ual aining e en . Du ing his ime, hey had
o wo k h ough an in e iewe manual, which also included answe ing speci ic
ollow-up ques ions.
I has been shown ha hose who ha e p epa ed hemsel es in ensi ely a e be -
e able o ollow he p og am o he aining e en s. In addi ion, a p epa a ion
phase makes i possible o educe he scope o he ac ual aining e en . A

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 35
p epa a ion phase wi h independen lea ning elemen s has he ad an age ha
pa icipan s can o ganize hei ime mo e indi idually and ha he comple ion o
indi idual modules is no dependen on he pace o lea ning in he g oup. Las bu
no leas , such a concep also appeals o di e en ypes o lea ne s, as a ious me-
dia and ma e ials a e a ailable o p epa a ion.
The ma e ials we e in de ail:
a. In e iewe Manual
The SOEP in e iewe manual is a comp ehensi e se o ules o in e iewing.
The manual co e s all aspec s ha a e impo an o conduc ing he in e iew:
basic in o ma ion on he s udy and on how o conduc he su ey, ules o con-
ac ing households, how o handle household in o ma ion in he ins umen , and
also in o ma ion on selec ed ques ions in he ques ionnai e and gene al in e iew
echniques and ules. The manual se es in e iewe s no only o p epa a ion
and amilia iza ion, bu also as a e e ence book h oughou he ieldwo k.
b. Videos o Illus a e Lea ning Con en
The use o ideos in he aining p og am p ima ily se ed o illus a e he han-
dling o he ool, which was used o documen he household composi ion and he
ela ionships be ween all household membe s. Speci ically, he ideos explained
indi idual en ies and he exac p ocedu e o he ool. The explana ions we e
highligh ed in w i ing. Addi ionally, he e was a ideo o illus a e he co ec ad-
minis a ion o he g ip s eng h es . All ideos we e no only a ailable o he
in e iewe s du ing p epa a ion ia he online pla o m bu we e also pe ma-
nen ly accessible he e du ing he ield pe iod.
c. Tes s o Moni o Success
The in as lea ning pla o m was se up in such a way ha i was possible o mon-
i o he success o he p epa a ion. The in e iewe s' le el o knowledge o indi-
idual s udy- ele an opics was de e mined by means o a sho knowledge es .
This es was a p e equisi e o all in e iewe s o ake pa in a aining e en and
was he e o e manda o y.
The aining e en s o m he ocus o he SOEP aining p og am. T aining e en s
we e conduc ed in p esence and digi ally (webina ). The aining e en s in p es-
ence we e hos ed in Bonn and ook place o e wo days ( i s day: 15:00 o 19:00,
second day: 9:00 o 12:00). The digi al aining e en s we e hos ed ia webina
and las ed 5.5 hou s in o al. All in e iewe s wi hou o me expe ience in he
SOEP su ey had o a end a aining e en in p esence. In e iewe s wi h expe i-
ence in he SOEP su ey could choose whe he hey wan ed o a end a aining
e en in p esence o a digi al aining e en . The numbe o pa icipan s was lim-
i ed o 40 in e iewe s o he aining e en s in p esence and 50 in e iewe s o
he digi al aining e en s.
The s uc u e o he aining e en s in p esence and he digi al aining e en s is
he same. Lec u es con ey he heo e ical con en o he s udy, and he ques ion-
nai e and he ools wo k a e p esen ed on he basis o sample cases. All pa s o
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 36
he aining a e s uc u ed in such a way ha a ound o ques ions is egula ly
scheduled a e each session, in which all ques ions ha a ise can be answe ed
and solu ions can be wo ked ou oge he .
The aining p og am in he SOEP consis s o se e al ( hema ic) blocks, which
we e deepened di e en ly depending on he expe ience o he in e iewe s. In
he i s block o aining, he in e iewe s we e in o med abou he su ey design
and he indi idual subsamples. Fu he mo e, he household de ini ion, he ali-
da ion o a household head as well as he a ious ques ionnai es and possible
mode changes we e explained in his block. The second block se ed as in ensi e
p epa a ion o making con ac . Fo his pu pose, he in e iewe s we e in o-
duced o he en i e con ac ing s a egy o he s udy and p ac iced, including pe -
sonal con ac ing by he in e iewe s hemsel es. In he nex block, he echnical
ools we e demons a ed li e using a case s udy. In he ollowing block, indi idual
ques ionnai es and he a ious op ions o changing he mode o he su ey in-
s umen we e demons a ed in p ac ice.
In o de o ge an o e iew o he le el o knowledge and o inc ease he ac i i y
o he pa icipan s, quiz ques ions we e in eg a ed in o he indi idual blocks. A
he end o he aining, he ocus was on he u he p ocedu e and o ganiza ion
o he ield wo k. Following he aining e en , e e yone had ano he oppo uni y
o apply he s udy-speci ic handling o all ques ionnai e ins umen s in p ac ice
on hei own. Discussion o ums we e also o e ed o p o ide suppo .
The p ima y pu pose o he pos - aining phase is o gi e in e iewe s con idence
o hei i s p ac ical assignmen and o deepen wha hey ha e lea ned. In p in-
ciple, all in e iewe s, ega dless o hei expe ience a e he aining e en , a e
encou aged o use he es e sion o he ques ion p og am and o p ac ice en e -
ing an in e iew be o e hey s a hei ac ual wo k in he ield; o his pu pose,
hey a e p o ided wi h a cons uc ed sample case. A cen al componen o he
suppo o he a he inexpe ienced in e iewe s is he indi idual aining be o e
he i s ield assignmen (coaching ia TeamViewe ). He e, no only he handling
o he ques ions (adhe ence o s anda diza ion, speed and cla i y o eading aloud,
e c.), bu also he inpu o he answe s is moni o ed and e alua ed. In addi ion,
he e was an in e iewe o um in which he in e iewe s could exchange in o -
ma ion among hemsel es as well as wi h he p ojec managemen .
In addi ion o hese h ee aining phases, he in e iewe s had he oppo uni y
o ake ad an age o suppo in he o m o coaching du ing he en i e ield phase.
In addi ion, hey we e in o med abou he cu en s a us o he ield and inno a-
ions (e.g. in he o m o addi ional ma e ials p o ided) in he o m o egula e-
po s and memos.
A o al o 433 CAPI in e iewe s and 85 CATI in e iewe s we e ained o he
SOEP s udy on 16 aining da es. Twel e CAPI aining sessions we e held be o e
he s a o he ield. To inc ease he numbe o in e iewe s in he ace- o- ace
ield, ou addi ional aining sessions we e held in July, Augus and Sep embe .
F om Sep embe onwa ds, CATI in e iewe s we e also p epa ed o hei wo k in
a o al o wo aining e en s du ing he ongoing ieldwo k.
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2.1.2.6 CATI and Face- o- ace In e iewe S a
The deployed CAPI and CATI in e iewe s had many yea s o expe ience wi h
household su eys and combined c oss-sec ional and longi udinal ins umen s as
well as expe ience especially wi h a ge g oups ha a e gene ally conside ed di -
icul . A o al o 518 in e iewe s we e deployed, 433 in he CAPI ield and 85 in
he CATI ield.4 The cha ac e is ics o he in e iewe s a used a e shown in he
ollowing Table 13.
Tabelle 13 Cha ac e is ics o he In e iewe S a (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b)
Cha ac e is ics To al CAPI CATI
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
Numbe o In e iewe s
518
100.0
433
100.0
85
100.0
Gende
Male 301 58.1 267
61.7 34 40.0
Female
215
41.5
165
38.1
50
58.8
Di e se
2
0.4
1
0.2
1
1.2
Age
Up o 29 yea s
22
4.2
6
1.4
16
18.8
30-49 yea s
47
9.1
28
6.5
19
22.4
50-65 yea s
185
35.7
154
35.6
31
36.5
O e 65 yea s
264
51.0
245
56.6
19
22.4
Expe ience wi h in as
2 yea s o less
255
49.2
174
40.2
81
95.3
3-5 yea s 123 23.7 120
27.7 3 3.5
6-10 yea s
70
13.5
70
16.2
-
-
10 yea s and longe
70
13.5
69
15.9
1
1.2
Highes school quali ica ion
Lowe seconda y school quali ica ion/ p ima y school
ce i ica e/ poly echnic seconda y school quali ica ion
28
5.4
24
5.5
4
4.7
In e media e seconda y school quali ca ion/ oca-
ional ex ension ce i ica e
136
26.3
119
27.5
17
20.0
Ad anced echnical college ce i ica e
78
15.1
72
16.6
6
7.1
Abi u / highe educa ion en ance quali ica ion
264
51.0
214
49.4
50
58.8
O he school quali ica ion
5
1.0
3
0.7
2
2.4
No school quali ica ion (ye )
2
0.4
1
0.2
1
1.2
No speci ied
5
1.0
-
-
5
5.9
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ions
4 "Deployed" in e iewe s include all in e iewe s who con ac ed households.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 38
In he dis ibu ion o s uc u al cha ac e is ics, he in e iewe s a shows a
highe p opo ion o men in he ace- o- ace ield, whe eas he p opo ion o
women p edomina es in he CATI ield. The age dis ibu ion shows g ea e di e -
ences wi h ega d o he dis inc ion be ween CAPI and CATI in e iewe s. The el-
ephone in e iewe s a e on a e age a lo younge han he in e iewe s in he
ace- o- ace ield.
2.1.3 Resul s
The ollowing subchap e p esen s he ield esul s o he panel samples in 2023.
Resul s a he household le el a e p esen ed i s (Chap e 2.1.3.1), ollowed by e-
sul s a he indi idual le el (Chap e 2.1.3.2). The esul s a he ins umen le el
a e hen discussed (Chap e 2.1.3.3), as well as ques ionnai e du a ion (Chap e
2.1.3.4), he use o di e en modes and in e iewing languages (Chap e 2.1.3.5),
he esul s o he ques ions on consen o eco d linkage (Chap e 2.1.3.6) and he
acking esul s (Chap e 2.1.3.7).
2.1.3.1 Pa icipa ion a Household Le el
A he household le el, he g oss sample was comp ised o 24,650 households in
he subsamples A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b in 2023. 14,168 o hose households
pa icipa ed, esul ing in a esponse a e o 57.5 pe cen .
Figu e 3 shows he cumula ion o comple ed household in e iews o e he ield-
wo k phase. The ield pe iod an om Ap il 2023 o he end o Decembe 2023.
In e iews we e comple ed h oughou he en i e ield-wo k phase. The numbe
o comple e in e iews inc eased s eadily up o calenda week 43. In he calenda
weeks 44 o 47 he numbe o addi ional comple ions was ela i ely low and hen
inc eased signi ican ly one las ime in calenda week 49 as all ieldwo k e o s
we e concen a ed o one inal push.
Abbildung 3 Comple ion o Household In e iews in he Field (A-R, M1, M2, M7,
M8a, M8b)
Absolu e numbe s
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
9.000
10.000
11.000
12.000
13.000
14.000
Numbe o Household In e iews
2023
Sou ce: in as, own igu e
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 45
Follow-up Le e
The CAWI-s a e s in he mig a ion samples M8a, M8b ecei ed wo ollow-up le -
e s add essed o he head o household h oughou he ieldwo k phase. Table 21
p o ides an o e iew o how his a ec ed he ealiza ions.
Tabelle 21 Resul s Follow-up Le e CAWI-S a e s (M8a, M8b)
Follow-up Le e CAWI-S a e s To al
abs.
in %
G oss sample 1,651
100.0
Realized be o e ollow-up le e
426
25.8
Realized a e i s ollow-up le e
438
26.5
Realized a e second ollow-up le e
82
5.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Simila o he ollow-up le e s a e he con e sion, i can be seen ha mos e-
sponden s comple ed he in e iew a e he i s ollow-up le e (26.5 pe cen ).
A e he second ollow-up le e , only 82 ealiza ions (5.0 pe cen in o al, 10.4
pe cen o he cases ha ecei ed ha le e ) we e made.
2.1.3.2 Pa icipa ion a Indi idual Le el
Table 22 and Table 23 below show he esul o he 2023 su ey acco ding o he
SOEP-AAPOR classi ica ion o adul a ge pe sons bo n in 2005 o ea lie . As
shown he e, a o al o 18,037 indi iduals om he SOEP-CORE panel samples pa -
icipa ed in he su ey. This co esponds o a o al o 38.7 pe cen . O he 61.3 pe -
cen who did no pa icipa e in he s udy in 2023, 13 pe cen d opped ou pe ma-
nen ly. The di e en ia ion o subsamples shows ha he lowe esponse in he
mig a ion samples we obse e on he household le el can also be seen on he in-
di idual le el. I should be men ioned ha he M8b subsample also s ands ou a
he indi idual le el wi h a highe esponse compa ed o he o he mig a ion sam-
ples (42.5 pe cen ). No iceably, he esponse in subsample R (25.8 pe cen ) is lowe
han in he subsamples A-Q (49.0 pe cen ). The easons o hese esul s lie in he
ac , ha i s i s e-in e iew o his sample in 2023, which esul s in a highe
numbe o d opou s. This will dec ease as esponden s become mo e amilia wi h
he s udy.

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Page 46
Tabelle 22 Pa icipa ion a Indi idual Le el by Subsample (AAPOR Codes)
(A-Q, M1, M2, M7, M8a)
Indi idual Le el To al Basic Mig a ion
A-Q
M1, M2
M7
M8a
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample
29,105
100.0
23,608
100.0
2,767
100.0
1,187
100.0
1,543
100.0
In e iew [1.0]
12,872
44.2
11,573
49.0
790
28.6
171
14.4
338
21.9
Comple e [1.1; 1.12]
12,214
41.9
11,078
46.9
733
26.5
123
10.4
280
18.1
Pa ial [1.21; 1.22]
658
2.3
495
2.1
57
2.1
48
4.0
58
3.8
Non-In e iew [2.0]
16,233
55.8
12,035
51.0
1,977
71.4
1,016
85.6
1,205
78.1
Tempo a y d opou
12,301
42.3
8,900
37.7
1,522
55.0
840
70.8
1,039
67.3
B eak-o [2.12] 233 0.8 177
0.7 30 1.1 14 1.2 12 0.8
Non-con ac [2.21; 2.22]
2,988
10.2
2,082
8.8
381
13.8
210
17.7
315
20.4
Tempo a y physically o
men ally unable/incompe-
en [2.321; 2.323]
114
0.4
100
0.4
11
0.4
2
0.2
1
0.1
Language P oblem [2.331]
140
0.5
20
0.1
47
1.7
56
4.7
17
1.1
So e usal [2.351] 7,963 27.4 6,038
25.6 962 34.8 464 39.1 499 32.3
New Ad ess [2.4]
77
0.3
54
0.2
7
0.3
2
0.2
14
0.9
Unable o loca e ad ess
[3.18]
786
2.7
429
1.8
84
3.0
92
7.8
181
11.7
Final D opou
3,932
13.5
3,135
13.3
455
16.4
176
14.8
166
10.8
Pe manen e usal [2.111] 3,489 12.0 2,786
11.8 407 14.7 150 12.6 146 9.5
Dead [2.31]
156
0.5
146
0.6
10
0.4
-
-
-
-
Pe manen ly physically o
men ally unable/incompe-
en [2.322; 2.324]
138
0.4
125
0.5
5
0.2
2
0.2
6
0.4
Mo ed ab oad [4.2]
106
0.4
43
0.2
31
1.1
20
1.7
12
0.8
Household dissol ed [4.3]
43
0.1
35
0.1
2
0.1
4
0.3
2
0.1
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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Tabelle 23 Pa icipa ion a Indi idual Le el by Subsample (AAPOR Codes)
(R, M8b)
Indi idual Le el To al R M8b
abs. in % abs. in % abs. in %
G oss sample
17,443
100.0
13,503
100.0
3,940
100.0
In e iew [1.0]
5,165
29.6
3,489
25.8
1,676
42.5
Comple e [1.1; 1.12]
4,982
28.5
3,346
24.8
1,636
41.5
Pa ial [1.21; 1.22]
183
1.1
143
1.1
40
1.0
Non-In e iew [2.0] 12,278 70.4 10,014 74.2 2,264 57.5
Tempo a y d opou
9,870
56.6
7,698
57.0
2,172
55.1
B eak-o [2.12]
212
1.2
183
1.4
29
0.7
Non-con ac [2.21; 2.22] 3,700 21,2 2,385 17.7 1,315 33.4
Tempo a y physically o
men ally unable/incompe-
en [2.321; 2.323]
56
0.3
56
0.4
-
-
Language P oblem [2.331]
47
0.3
28
0.2
19
0.5
So e usal [2.351]
5,134
29.4
4,774
35.4
360
9.1
New Ad ess [2.4] 89 0.5 61 0.5 28 0.7
Unable o loca e ad ess
[3.18]
632
3.6
211
1.6
421
10.7
Final D opou
2,408
13.8
2,316
17.2
92
2.3
Pe manen e usal [2.111]
2,324
13.3
2,253
16.7
71
1.8
Dead [2.31] 16 0.1 15 0.1 1 0.0
Pe manen ly physically o
men ally unable/incompe-
en [2.322; 2.324]
26
0.1
26
0.2
-
-
Mo ed ab oad [4.2]
40
0.2
22
0.2
18
0.5
Household dissol ed [4.3]
2
0.0
-
-
2
0.1
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 48
Pa ial Uni Non- esponse
Pa ial uni non- esponse desc ibes he si ua ion whe e some bu no all house-
hold membe s eligible and selec ed o he indi idual in e iews ha e been suc-
cess ully in e iewed. A household is conside ed ully ealized when all adul
household membe s ha e been in e iewed, i.e. comple e pe sonal in e iew has
been conduc ed and he head o he household has answe ed he household ques-
ionnai e. The pa ial uni non- esponse (PUNR) is 52.2 pe cen o all subsamples
(see Table 24 and Table 25). As a di ec esul o he obse ed di e ences in e-
sponse beha io a he indi idual le el, he PUNR is highe o subsample R com-
pa ed o he o he basis samples A-Q. I is also consis en wi h he p e ious obse -
a ions ha he PUNR o he mig a ion sample M8b is lowe han he PUNR o he
o he mig a ion samples.
Tabelle 24 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by Subsample (A-Q, M1, M2, M7, M8a)
Household Le el
To al
Basic
Mig a ion
A-Q
M1, M2
M7
M8a
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
16,181
100.0
14,183
100.0
1,251
100.0
255
100.0
492
100.0
Household
pa ly ealized
(PUNR)
7,397
45.7
6,232
43.9
702
56.1
147
57.6
316
64.2
Household com-
ple ely ealized
8,784
54.3
7,951
56.1
549
43.9
108
42.4
176
35.8
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Sha e o households wi h mo e han one adul household membe .
Tabelle 25 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by Subsample (R, M8b)
Household Le el
To al
R
M8b
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
7,193
100.0
5,372
100.0
1,821
100.0
Household pa ly ealized
(PUNR)
4,812
66.9
3,920
73.0
892
49.0
Household comple ely e-
alized
2,381
33.1
1,452
27.0
929
51.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Sha e o households wi h mo e han one adul household membe .
The mo e people li ing in he household, he mo e di icul i is o ully ealize a
household. As he numbe o membe s inc eases, he p opo ion o ully ealized
household dec eases con inuously. Among wo-pe son households, 54.7 pe cen
o panel households we e ully ealized; his igu e d ops o 20.3 pe cen wi h ou
o mo e membe s.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 49
Tabelle 26 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by Household Size (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a,
M8b)
Household Le el To al 2 pe son
household
3 pe son
household
4 o mo e pe son
household
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
8,162
100.0
6,504
100.0
1,175
100.0
483
100.0
Household pa ly eali-
zed (PUNR)
4,114
50.4
2,945
45.3
784
66.7
385
79.7
Household comple ely
ealized
4,048 49.6 3,559 54.7 391 33.3 98 20.3
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Sha e o households wi h mo e han one adul household membe .
E ec s o Field Measu es a Indi idual Le el
As a he household le el, se e al ield measu es we e implemen ed a he indi-
idual le el, whose e ec s a e desc ibed in he ollowing.
Swi ch o PAPI
All esponden s who wished o ecei e PAPI we e handed he pape ques ion-
nai es by he in e iewe . A o al o 5,717 esponden s eques ed o ill ou hei
ques ionnai es in PAPI. O hese 1,125 esponden s (19.7 pe cen ) illed ou and
sen back hei ques ionnai e be o e he ollow-up le e . Ano he 1,480 espond-
en s hen illed ou he ques ionnai e a e he ollow-up le e (25.9 pe cen ),
demons a ing he impo ance o his ieldwo k measu e.
Tabelle 27 Resul s o Swi ch o PAPI a Indi idual Le el (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a,
M8b)
Swi ch o PAPI
To al
abs.
in %
G oss Sample
5,717
100.0
Realized a e swi ch, p io o ollow-up 1,125
19.7
Realized a e ollow-up le e
1,480
25.9
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Swi ch o CAWI
All esponden s wishing o answe he ques ionnai es online ecei ed a le e
wi h access in o ma ion o he online su ey (CAWI swi ch). These CAWI swi ch
le e s we e sen o 7,061 adul household membe s (see Table 28) h oughou he
ield pe iod. Wi h 34.8 pe cen he CAWI pa icipa ion was highe p io o ollow-
up han a e ecei ing he ollow-up le e (21.0 pe cen ), which is, in e es ingly,
he e e se o he PAPI swi ch measu e.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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Tabelle 28 Resul s o Swi ch o CAWI a Indi idual Le el (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a,
M8b)
Swi ch o CAWI To al
abs.
in %
G oss Sample
7,061
100.0
Realized a e swi ch, p io o ollow-up
2,457
34.8
Realized a e ollow-up le e
1,480
21.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Con e sion Le e
All a ge pe sons and households who indica ed in he in e iew ha hey did
no wish o pa icipa e in his wa e o he su ey (so e usals) ecei ed a con e -
sion le e .
Table 29 shows ha a ound hal o he 2,896 con e sion le e s sen esul ed in
ealiza ions (45.9 pe cen ). This shows, ha o e ing lexibili y in wha mode e-
sponden s wan o pa icipa e in he su ey is essen ial o each as many espond-
en s as possible.
Tabelle 29 Resul s o Con e sion Le e a Indi idual Le el (A-R, M1, M2, M7,
M8a, M8b)
Con e sion Le e
To al
abs. in %
G oss sample
2,896
100.0
Realized
1,328
45.9
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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2.1.3.3 Pa icipa ion a Ins umen Le el
As explained in Chap e 2.1.2.2, a o al o nine ques ionnai e a ian s we e used
in he SOEP-CORE in 2023 (wi hou aking in o accoun di e en language a i-
an s). Table 30 and Table 31 p o ide an o e iew o he numbe o ques ionnai es
ha we e illed ou , di e en ia ed by he known sample g oups in SOEP-CORE.
A o al o 49,427 ques ionnai es we e answe ed in 2023. Two ques ionnai es
s and ou in e ms o equency: he wo main ins umen s, he household ques-
ionnai e (n=12,764) and he indi idual ques ionnai e (n=18,037). As he g ip
s eng h es is o be ca ied ou e e y ou yea s by all adul a ge pe sons, he
high numbe o comple ed ques ionnai es should also be emphasized (n=12,195).
In he subsamples wi h CAWI-s a e s (M8a, M8b) he amoun o g ip s eng h
es ealiza ions is na u ally lowe , as i was no in ended by design. This espe-
cially a ec ed M8b since he amoun o CAWI-s a e s was e y high in his sam-
ple (see Chap e 2.1.2.1).
Wi h a o al o o e 1,000 comple ed ques ionnai es each, he child ques ionnai e,
"Biog aphy"6 and "Gap" also s and ou , which a e only o be comple ed unde ce -
ain condi ions. The "gap" ques ionnai e, o example, is o be illed ou by a ge
pe sons who did no ill ou he "indi idual ques ionnai e" in he las wa e bu
we e scheduled o do so. This means ha in 2023, mo e han 1,000 adul s pa ici-
pa ed in he s udy again a e ha ing suspended hei pa icipa ion las yea .
Tabelle 30 Numbe o In e iews by Subsample and Ques ionnai e
(A-Q, M1, M2, M7, M8a)
To al
Basis
Mig a ion
A-Q
M1, M2
M7
M8a
Household ques ionnai e
8,616
7,691
537
121
267
G ip s eng h es
9,398
8,526
601
105
166
Indi idual ques ionnai e 12,872 11,573 790 171 338
Biog aphy ques ionnai e
914
578
59
85
192
You h ques ionnai e:
bi h yea be ween 2006 and 2011
1,141
1,043
77
14
7
Compe ency es “Lus au DJ”
71
63
7
1
-
Child ques ionnai e: bi h yea be-
ween 2012 and 2023
1,203 980 163 9 51
Gap ques ionnai e 855 656 89 29 81
Ques ionnai e “The deceased indi-
idual”
372
356
11
2
3
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
6 1,429 o hose esponden s ha now answe ed he biog aphy ques ionnai e in 2023 we e al eady in he panel be o e
2023, 723 excluding samples R and M8b
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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Tabelle 31 Numbe o In e iews by Subsample and Ques ionnai e (R, M8b)
To al
R
M8b
Household ques ionnai e
4,148
2,837
1,311
G ip s eng h es
2,797
2,367
430
Indi idual ques ionnai e
5,165
3,489
1,676
Biog aphy ques ionnai e 814 575 239
You h ques ionnai e:
bi h yea be ween 2006 and 2011
129
101
28
Compe ency es “Lus au DJ”
4
3
1
Child ques ionnai e: bi h yea be ween 2012
and 2023
556
419
137
Gap ques ionnai e
240
115
125
Ques ionnai e “The deceased indi idual” 132 112 20
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
The esponse a es o he alloca ed ques ionnai es a e a leas 42.9 pe cen (see
Table 32). Encou agingly, he impo an indi idual ques ionnai e as well as he
child ques ionnai e ha e wi h 71.2 pe cen and 74.1 pe cen espec i ely an espe-
cially high esponse a e.
Tabelle 32 Response Ra es by Ques ionnai e (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b)
G oss sample Numbe o in e iews Response a e
G ip s eng h es
16,841
11,570
68.7
Indi idual ques ionnai e
25,335
18,037
71.2
Biog aphy ques ionnai e 2,751 1,727 62.8
You h ques ionnai e: bi h yea
be ween 2006 and 2011
2,564
1,270
49.5
Compe ency es "Lus au DJ"
167
75
44.9
Child ques ionnai e: bi h yea
be ween 2012 and 2023
2,373
1,759
74.1
Gap ques ionnai e
1,704
1,095
64.3
Ques ionnai e “The deceased
indi idual”
713
504
70.7
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion; he g oss sample is he a ge popula ion o pa icipa ing households. The g oss sample
size o he addi ional ques ionnai es (G ip s eng h es , child ques ionnai e, biog aphy ques ionnai e, gap ques ion-
nai e, " he deceased indi idual") is cons i u ed o he amoun o people who comple ed hei indi idual ques ionnai e
and we e o ill ou he espec i e addi ional ques ionnai e.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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2.1.3.4 Ques ionnai e Du a ion
The con en and leng h o a ques ionnai e a e key elemen s in keeping he bu den
on a ge pe sons low and hei mo i a ion o ( u he ) pa icipa e in he s udy
high. The ques ionnai es used in SOEP-CORE 2023 consis o a di e en numbe o
ques ions and answe op ions. Thus, he du a ion o he ques ionnai es a ies
conside ably. Table 33 p o ides an o e iew o he du a ions o he indi idual
ques ionnai e a ian s. In 2023, o example, an a e age pe sonal in e iew con-
sis ing o he pe sonal ques ionnai e and a child en´s ques ionnai e las ed abou
50 minu es.
Tabelle 33 In e iew Leng h by Ques ionnai e (in Minu es) (A-R, M1, M2, M7,
M8a, M8b)
N Mean Median 5%
pe cen ile
95%
pe cen ile
Household ques ionnai e 10,841 24.2 22.7 10.8 42.4
G ip s eng h es
12,195
3.0
2.8
1.0
5.6
Indi idual ques ionnai e
14,875
42.3
40.3
20.3
71.0
Biog aphy ques ionnai e 1,580 25.6 22.8 9.1 50.2
You h ques ionnai e: bi h yea
be ween 2006 and 2011
1,169
20.7
19.5
10.5
34.7
Compe ency es “Lus au DJ”
75
24.0
24.8
13.5
32.9
Child ques ionnai e:
bi h yea be ween 2012 and
2023
1,759
8.1
7.3
2.9
15.7
Gap ques ionnai e
1,002
1.6
1.2
0.5
3.6
Ques ionnai e “The deceased
indi idual”
462
4.6
4.3
2.4
8.2
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
2.1.3.5 In e iewing Modes and Languages
Table 34 p o ides in o ma ion on he mode used o comple e he ques ionnai es.
I can be seen ha mos o he ques ionnai es we e answe ed in e iewe admin-
is e ed. Howe e , he “Gap” and “Biog aphy” ques ionnai es show ha sel -ad-
minis e ed modes, especially CAWI, we e inc easingly chosen, wi h mo e han 40
pe cen each. A close look a he sel -adminis e ed modes shows ha he ques-
ions on he household and he pe son we e equen ly answe ed ia PAPI com-
pa ed o o he ques ionnai es. This can be explained by he ac ha all ques ion-
nai es ha e been o e ed o comple ion in his o m since he beginning o he
s udy and a e he e o e amilia o he pa icipan s. The p esen a ion o he you h
ques ionnai e shows ha a la ge p opo ion o he co esponding age g oups ep-
esen ed he e (coho 2006-2011) p e e o pa icipa e online.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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Tabelle 34 In e iewing Modes by Ques ionnai e (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a, M8b)
Ques ionnai e
In e iewe -Based
Sel -Adminis e ed
To al
CAPI
CATI
CASI
CAWI
PAPI
Household ques ion-
nai e
abs.
12,764
7,733
323
41
2,750
1,917
in %
100.0
60.6
2.5
0.3
21.5
15.0
G ip s eng h es abs. 12,195 12,195 - -
- -
in %
100.0
100.0
-
-
-
-
Indi idual ques ion-
nai e
abs.
18,037
10,201
319
117
4,261
3,139
in % 100.0 56.6 1.8 0.6
23.6 17.4
Biog aphy ques ion-
nai e
abs.
1,728
751
42
27
786
122
in %
100.0
43.5
2.4
1.6
45.5
7.1
You h ques ionnai e:
bi h yea be ween
2006 and 2011
abs.
1,270
751
10
20
489
-
in %
100.0
59.1
0.8
1.6
38.5
-
Compe ency es “Lus
au DJ”
abs. 75 71 - 4
- -
in %
100.0
94.7
-
5.3
-
-
Child ques ionnai e:
bi h yea be ween
2012 and 2023
abs.
1,759
1,153
28
14
564
-
in %
100.0
65.5
1.6
0.8
32.1
-
Gap ques ionnai e
abs.
1,095
418
39
19
527
92
in %
100.0
38.2
3.6
1.7
48.1
8.4
Ques ionnai e “The
deceased indi idual”
abs.
504
317
17
5
123
42
in % 100.0 62.9 3.4 1.0
24.4 8.3
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Expe ience shows ha he panel samples in he SOEP-CORE a e almos exclusi ely
su eyed in Ge man, al hough all ques ionnai es a e also o e ed in English. The
M8a and M8b subsamples a e a majo excep ion, wi h abou hal o hei in e -
iews conduc ed in English. Table 35 shows how o en English was used in he
pe sonal in e iews o he adul and adolescen esponden s. F om he 910 in e -
iews in ha we e conduc ed in English, almos all o hem (95.6 pe cen ) we e
conduc ed in he M8a and M8b mig a ion samples.
Tabelle 35 In e iewing Languages by Ques ionnai e (A-R, M1, M2, M7, M8a,
M8b)
Ge man
English
To al
Indi idual ques ion-
nai e
abs.
17,134
903
18,037
in %
95.0
5.0
100.0
You h ques ionnai e
abs.
1,263
7
1,100
in % 99.4 0.6 100.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 61
Abbildung 4 Comple ion o Household In e iews in he Field (M8c)
Absolu e numbe s
0
250
500
750
1.000
1.250
1.500
Numbe o Household In e iews
2023
Sou ce: in as, own igu e
Table 41 desc ibes he esul acco ding o he SOEP-AAPOR classi ica ion a he
household le el. In 970 households, bo h he household ques ionnai e and a leas
one indi idual in e iew we e comple ed besides he obliga o y household ma-
ix (AAPOR codes 1.11, 1.21).
552 households we e su eyed comple ely, i.e. all household membe s bo n in o
be o e 2005 could be in e iewed. In 2.9 pe cen o all households, despi e being
success ully in e iewed, he household ques ionnai e could no be comple ed
(AAPOR code 2.353).
Looking a household non- esponse, e usals (AAPOR codes 2.351 and 2.111), al -
hough s ill a ac o , a e a much smalle eason o non- esponse, a 6.0 pe cen o
he g oss sample. In con as , non- esponse due o an inco ec add ess (AAPOR
code 4.4) is mo e han i e imes highe (30.2 pe cen o he g oss sample). A high
p opo ion (40.9 pe cen o he g oss sample) o empo a y d opou s esul ed om
con ac s no being a emp ed o no wo king (AAPOR code 3.11). The high numbe
o esponden s who we e no eligible o he M8c sample (AAPOR code 4.1, 4.5) can
be explained by he “Sc een-Ou ”-concep . These esponden s we e no pa o he
a ge popula ion.

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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Tabelle 41 Pa icipa ion a Household Le el by S a ing Mode (AAPOR Codes)
(M8c)
Household Le el To al CAPI CAWI
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample
16,500
100.0
3,500
100.0
13,000
100.0
In e iew 1,452 8.8 177 5.1 1.275 9.8
Comple e [1.1]
552
3.3
73
2.1
479
3.7
Pa ial [1.2]
418
2.5
61
1.7
357
2.7
Pa ial wi hou ma ix [1.3] - - - - - -
Pa ial (missing household ques ion-
nai e) [2.353]
482
2.9
43
1.2
439
3.4
Pa ial (missing da a) [2.354]
-
-
-
-
-
-
Non-In e iew
15,048
91.2
3,323
94.9
11,725
90.2
B eak-o [2.12] 11 0.1 11 0.3 - -
Non-con ac [2.2]
441
2.7
440
12.6
1
0.0
Tempo a y physically o men ally una-
ble/incompe en [2.321]
2
0.0
2
0.1
-
-
Language P oblem [2.331]
77
0.5
76
2.2
1
0.0
So e usal [2.351]
796
4.8
789
22.5
7
0.1
New ad ess [2.4]
75
0.5
8
0.2
67
0.5
No a emp ed o wo ked [3.11]
6,744
40.9
347
9.9
6,397
49.2
Unable o loca e ad ess [3.18]
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pe manen e usal [2.111]
197
1.2
184
5.3
13
0.1
Dead [2.31]
4
0.0
2
0.1
2
0.0
Pe manen ly physically o men ally un-
able/incompe en [2.322]
5
0.0
5
0.1
-
-
Non-eligible [4.1, 4.5]
1,682
10.2
428
12.3
1,254
9.6
Mo ed ab oad [4.2]
39
0.2
35
1.0
4
0.0
Household unloca able[4.4]
4,975
30.2
996
28.5
3,979
30.6
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
E ec s o Field Measu es a Household Le el
As wi h he panel samples, se e al ield measu es we e implemen ed in he e-
eshmen sample M8c o inc ease esponse. The e ec s o he measu es imple-
men ed a he household le el a e desc ibed in he ollowing.
Reminde Le e
The CAWI-s a e s ecei ed wo ollow-up le e s add essed o he head o house-
hold h oughou he ieldwo k phase. Table 42 p o ides an o e iew o how his
a ec ed he ealiza ions. The ealiza ions be o e he ollow-up le e (4.6 pe cen )
and a e he i s ollow-up le e (4.3 pe cen ) a e almos iden ical. A e he
second ollow-up le e , 116 ealiza ions (0.9 pe cen ) we e made.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 63
Tabelle 42 Resul s Follow-up Le e CAWI-S a e s a Household Le el (M8c)
Reminde Le e CAWI-S a e s
To al
abs.
in %
G oss sample 13,000
100.0
Realized be o e ollow-up le e
604
4.6
Realized a e i s ollow-up le e
555
4.3
Realized a e second ollow-up le e
116
0.9
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
2.2.3.2 Pa icipa ion a Indi idual Le el
Table 43 below shows he esul acco ding o he SOEP-AAPOR classi ica ion o
adul a ge pe sons bo n in 2005 o ea lie . As shown he e, a o al o 1,235 indi-
iduals om he e eshmen sample M8c pa icipa ed in he su ey. This co e-
sponds o a o al o 46.9 pe cen .
Tabelle 43 Pa icipa ion a Indi idual Le el by S a ing Mode (AAPOR Codes)
(M8c)
Indi idual Le el
To al
CAPI
CAWI
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample
2,635
100.0
309
100.0
2,326
100.0
In e iew
1,235
46.9
170
55.0
1,065
45.8
Comple e [1.1] 1,235 46.9 170 55.0 1,065 45.8
Pa ial [ 1.22]
-
-
-
-
-
-
Non-In e iew
1,400
53.1
139
45.0
1,261
54.2
B eak-o [2.12]
50
1.9
15
4.9
35
1.5
Non-con ac [2.21; 2.22] 1,234 46.8 25 8.1 1,209 52.0
Tempo a y physically o men ally una-
ble/incompe en [2.321]
-
-
-
-
-
-
Language P oblem [2.331]
2
0.1
2
0.6
-
-
So e usal [2.351]
96
3.6
96
31.1
-
-
New ad ess [2.4]
-
-
-
-
-
-
Unable o loca e ad ess [3.18]
17
0.6
-
-
17
0.7
Pe manen e usal [2.111]
1
0.0
1
0.3
-
-
Dead [2.31]
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pe manen ly physically o men ally un-
able/incompe en [2.322]
- - - - - -
Non-eligible [4.1] - - - - - -
Mo ed ab oad [4.2]
-
-
-
-
-
-
Household dissol ed [4.3]
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 64
Pa ial Uni Non- esponse
The pa ial uni non- esponse (PUNR) in he e eshmen sample M8c is 63.7 pe -
cen (see Table 44), which is highe han in he panel samples. Pa ial uni non-
esponse is expec ed o dec ease in M8c in subsequen wa es as all household
membe s become mo e amilia wi h he s udy.
Tabelle 44 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by S a ing Mode (M8c)
Household Le el
To al
CAPI
CAWI
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
656
100.0
96
100.0
560
100.0
Household pa ly ealized
(PUNR)
418
63.7
61
63.5
357
63.7
Household comple ely e-
alized
238
36.3
35
36.5
203
36.3
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Sha e o households wi h mo e han one adul household membe .
The mo e people li ing in he household, he mo e di icul i is o ully ealize a
household. As he numbe o membe s inc eases, he p opo ion o ully ealized
household dec eases con inuously. Among wo-pe son households, 39.3 pe cen
o households we e ully ealized; his igu e d ops o 4.0 pe cen wi h ou o
mo e membe s.
Tabelle 45 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by Household Size (M8c)
Household Le el To al 2 pe son
household
3 pe son
household
4 o mo e pe son
household
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
656
100.0
577
100.0
54
100.0
25
100.0
Household pa ly ea-
lized (PUNR)
418
63.7 350 60.7 44 81.5 24 96.0
Household comple-
ely ealized
238
36.3
227
39.3
10
18.5
1
4.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Sha e o households wi h mo e han one adul household membe .
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 65
2.2.3.3 Pa icipa ion a Ins umen Le el
Table 46 shows he numbe o ques ionnai es ha we e comple ed in he pa ici-
pa ing households o he e eshmen sample M8c.
A o al o 3,578 ques ionnai es we e comple ed. As in he panel samples, wo
ques ionnai es s and ou in e ms o equency: he wo main ins umen s, he
household ques ionnai e (n = 970) and he indi idual ques ionnai e (n = 1,235).
Addi ionally, many biog aphy ques ionnai es we e comple ed (n = 1,027).
Tabelle 46 Numbe o In e iews by S a ing Mode and Ques ionnai e (M8c)
To al CAPI CAWI
Household ques ionnai e
970
134
836
G ip s eng h es
155
155
-8
Indi idual ques ionnai e
1,235
170
1,065
Biog aphy ques ionnai e 1,027 100 927
You h ques ionnai e
19
9
10
Child ques ionnai e
158
18
140
Compe ency es “Lus au DJ” - - -
Ques ionnai e “The deceased indi idual”
14
2
12
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Looking a he esponse a es o he alloca ed ques ionnai es (see Table 47), i can
be seen ha esponse is somewha lowe o he e eshmen sample M8c com-
pa ed o he panel samples. Fo una ely, he esponse a e o he biog aphy ques-
ionnai e, which is pa icula ly impo an in e eshmen samples, as i mus be
comple ed by all adul household membe s, is especially high wi h 83.2 pe cen .
Tabelle 47 Response Ra es by Ques ionnai e (M8c)
G oss sample
Numbe o in e iews
Response a e
G ip s engh es
170
148
87.1
Indi idual ques ionnai e 2,428 1,235 50.9
Biog aphy ques ionnai e
1,235
1,027
83.2
You h ques ionnai e
89
19
21.6
Child ques ionnai e
240
158
65.8
Compe ency es “Lus au DJ”
9
0
0.0
Ques ionnai e “The deceased
indi idual”
28
14
50.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion; he g oss sample is he a ge popula ion o pa icipa ing households. The g oss sample
size o he addi ional ques ionnai es (G ip s eng h es , child ques ionnai e, biog aphy ques ionnai e, gap ques ion-
nai e, “ he deceased indi idual”) is cons i u ed o he amoun o people who comple ed hei indi idual ques ionnai e
and we e o ill ou he espec i e addi ional ques ionnai e.
8 As he e was, by design, no in e iewe con ac wi h he CAWI s a e s, he g ip s eng h es was also no ca ied ou .
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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2.2.3.4 Ques ionnai e Du a ion
Table 48 p o ides an o e iew o he du a ions o he indi idual ques ionnai e
a ian s o he e eshmen sample M8c. The du a ions o all ins umen s a e
abou he same as in he panel samples. One ou lie is he biog aphy ques ion-
nai e which, wi h an a e age du a ion o 30 minu es, is abou i e minu es longe
han in he o he samples. The eason o his is ha he biog aphy ques ionnai e
had sepa a e ques ionnai e modules ha we e only o be comple ed by mig an s,
o example he way o Ge many. Since he as majo i y o esponden s in he
M8c sample a e mig an s, he in e iew ook longe .
Tabelle 48 In e iew Leng h by Ques ionnai e (in Minu es) (M8c)
N
Mean
Median
5%
pe cen ile
95%
pe cen ile
Household ques ionnai e 970 22.4 20.2 9.5 43.7
G ip s engh es
155
3.2
2.7
1.1
7.2
Indi idual ques ionnai e
1,223
42.3
38.5
17.4
80.3
Biog aphy ques ionnai e
989
30.2
27.6
12.2
56.5
You h ques ionnai e
19
28.7
21.9
9.4
61.5
Compe ency es “Lus au Dj”
-
-
-
-
-
Child ques ionnai e
158
6.8
5.7
2.3
14.1
Ques ionnai e “The deceased
indi idual”
14 3.3 3.1 1.2 5.8
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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2.2.3.5 In e iewing Modes and Languages
Table 49 p o ides in o ma ion on he modes in which he ques ionnai es we e
comple ed. Compa ed o he panel samples a much la ge p opo ion o ins u-
men s we e comple ed in he CAWI mode which is due o he di e en su ey de-
sign in he e eshmen sample M8c.
Tabelle 49 In e iewing Modes by Ques ionnai e (M8c)
Ques ionnai e
In e iewe -Based
Sel -Adminis-
e ed
To al
CAPI
CASI
CAWI
Household ques ionnai e
abs.
970
119
3
848
in % 100.0 12.3 0.3 87.4
Indi idual ques ionnai e
abs.
1,235
139
6
1,090
in %
100.0
11.3
0.5
88.3
G ip s engh es abs. 155 155 - -
in %
100.0
100.0
-
-
Biog aphy ques ionnai e
abs.
1,027
64
6
957
in %
100.0
6.2
0.6
93.2
You h ques ionnai e
abs.
19
8
1
10
in %
100.0
41.2
5.3
52.6
Child ques ionnai e
abs.
158
6
2
150
in %
100.0
3.8
1.3
94.9
Ques ionnai e “The decea-
sed indi idual”
abs.
14
2
-
12
in %
100.0
14.3
-
85.7
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
As in he panel samples, English was o e ed in he e eshmen sample M8c as
he su ey language in addi ion o Ge man. Table 50 shows how o en English
was used in he pe sonal in e iews o he adul and adolescen esponden s. I
can be seen ha mo e han hal o he adul in e iews (56.8 pe cen ) we e con-
duc ed in English. Since he as majo i y o esponden s in he M8c sample a e
mig an s, his can be ci ed as a eason o he equen choice o he English lan-
guage.
Tabelle 50 In e iewing Languages (M8c)
To al
Ge man
English
Indi idual ques ionnai e
abs.
1,235
533
702
in %
100.0
43.2
56.8
You h ques ionnai e
abs.
19
17
2
in % 100.0 89.5 10.5
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 68
2.2.3.6 Reco d Linkage Consen
As in he panel samples, consen o he linkage o da a om Ins i u e o Employ-
men Resea ch (IAB) o he Ge man Pension Insu ance (DRV) was asked o he
e eshmen sample M8c.
1,222 esponden s in he e eshmen sample M8c we e asked o hei consen o
link da a om he Ins i u e o Employmen Resea ch (see Table 51), and 907 (74.2
pe cen ) ga e i .
Looking a he DRV-linkage, we see ha 1,083 esponden s we e asked o hei
consen and 340 esponden s ga e i (31.4 pe cen ).
Tabelle 51 Consen o Reco d Linkage (M8c)
Indi idual Le el
IAB
DRV
abs. in % abs. in %
G oss sample*
1,222
100.0
1,083
100.0
Consen gi en in his su ey wa e
907
74.2
743
68.6
Consen no gi en in his su ey wa e
315
25.8
340
31.4
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Responden s who we e asked he eco d linkage consen ques ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 69
2.3 In e iewe Moni o ing
In en ional o unin en ional misbeha iou by in e iewe s can occu du ing he
en i e cou se o he in e iew. In o de o be able o iden i y hese in e iews as
quickly as possible, a ious pieces o in o ma ion a e colla ed and e alua ed du -
ing he ieldwo k phase. In e iews a e e alua ed indi idually and beha iou is
analyzed a in e iewe le el. In p inciple, he ollowing esul s a e aken in o ac-
coun :
− S a is ical p ocedu es and a ios o de ec ing imp ope ly conduc ed in e -
iews,
− Resul s om w i en in e iewe checks,
− esul s om consul a ions wi h he heads o ope a ions and
− E alua ions om lis ening o o eco ding in e iews.
In e iewe s who a e ound o ha e conduc ed in e iews wi h anomalies du ing
he cou se o he ieldwo k a e con ac ed by he head o ope a ions and asked o
commen o ecei e indi idual coaching/ e aining. I espec i e o his, he a ail-
able sample in o ma ion is compa ed wi h he in o ma ion p o ided in he in e -
iew o all comple ed in e iews. The e is also a cons an e iew o he esponse
a e and he cou se o con ac . Ins umen s a e conside ed anomalous o di e -
en easons, o example i hei du a ion alls below he 5 h pe cen ile o he o al
du a ion, i he p opo ion o sc eens in he ins umen whose du a ion is below
he 5 h pe cen ile o he sc een du a ion is mo e han 30 pe cen o i he in e -
iew s a ed and/o ended be ween 10 pm and 7 am.
The p opo ion o anomalous ins umen s in all comple ed ins umen s is be-
ween 0.5 and 54.5 pe cen o he co esponding in e iewe s. O e all, 34 in e -
iewe s had a highe p opo ion o anomalous ins umen s han 10 pe cen , al -
hough in mos cases his is due o e y apid in e iewing. A o al o 224 in e -
iewe s had a p opo ion o anomalous ins umen s o ze o o below one pe cen .
The in e iewe wi h he IDs 17752 was ma ked as anomalous in he udi lag a -
iable in he me hod da a, as in addi ion o he con ol ia s a is ical key igu es,
u he anomalous ea u es we e e ealed ia he audio eco ding checks o he
in e iewe con ol shee s.
Addi ionally, in aclus e co ela ion coe icien s (ICCs) a e calcula ed o accoun
o he amoun o a iance in a a iable, ha could be explained by he in e -
iewe -le el. Because o he CAPI mode, po en ial in e iewe e ec s may be con-
ounded by egional e ec s and i is no possible o disen angle hese di e en
e ec s. The i s s ep in calcula ing ICCs is o selec il e a iables ( om he indi-
idual ques ionnai e) ha a ec he leng h o he ques ionnai e. ICCs a e hen
calcula ed o each o hese il e a iables. ICC- alues unde 0.05 can gene ally be
seen as unp oblema ic, which is a e y conse a i e h eshold in assessing ICCs.
I an ICC alue is g ea e han 0.05, hen in e iewe s a e iden i ied ha in luence
he ICC o ha pa icula a iable in his way. Fo hese in e iewe s, o he esul s
(see abo e) a e aken in o accoun and he measu es o anomalous in e iews
lis ed abo e a e conside ed.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 70
2.4 Da a Checking, P ocessing and Deli e y
2.4.1 Da a Cleaning and Da a P ocessing
A e he end o he ieldwo k phase, he a ailable da a we e ca e ully cleaned
and p ocessed. Cen al componen s o his we e he s uc u al examina ions o
he households and he cleaning o he ne da a. A e his, a da a en ichmen was
conduc ed.
S uc u al Examina ion o Households
The household s uc u e was checked o in e nal plausibili y and compa ed wi h
he da a om he p e ious wa e in o de o de ec implausible o p oblema ic
changes in household composi ion o e o s in he alloca ion o indi idual in e -
iews.
Speci ically, hese da a checks included he ollowing:
– Compa ison o i s names be ween he cu en and p e ious wa es o iden i y
cases whe e changes in household composi ion we e no co ec ly eco ded.
– Plausibili y checks o de e mine whe he se e al pe sons wi h he same da e o
bi h li e in he household.
– Plausibili y checks on whe he mo e-ins and mo e-ou s o panel households
a e plausible in e ms o he household con ex o he panel household.
– Check o in e iewing he co ec indi iduals, based on a compa ison o he age
and da e o bi h in o ma ion collec ed in he ques ionnai es wi h he in o -
ma ion om he p e ious wa e and om he household ma ix.
I he co ec household composi ion was unclea , all in e iews o his household
we e coun ed as in alid. I an in e iew was conduc ed wi h he w ong pe -son
a he indi idual le el wi hou any u he p oblems in he household composi-
ion being appa en , his indi idual in e iew was coun ed as in alid.
Cleaning o he Ne Da a
Fo he da a o he pape -based ins umen s, he ollowing da a p ocessing ules
we e applied::
– Handw i en anges o nume ical ques ions we e en e ed in o he da a as he
mean alue o hese en ies.
– Inadmissible mul iple answe s o single answe s we e ma ked wi h a special
code in he a iable. In he case o inadmissible mul iple answe s o ques ions
abou he highes school-lea ing quali ica ion o aining quali ica ion, he
highes was en e ed in he da a.
– In o ma ion om handw i en no es by he esponden was in eg a ed in o he
da a i applicable.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 77
In o al, he g oss sample comp ised 3,063 households in he subsamples M3-M6.
O hese households, 1,588 households (51.8 pe cen ) we e also in e iewed in he
wa e 2022 ( epea edly in e iewed households) and 1,475 households (48.2 pe -
cen ) a e conside ed empo a y d opou s (see Table 55). Among he ou subsam-
ples, he M6 subsample is he la ges wi h 883 households. Due o he dynamic
panel design, he numbe o households inc eased o e he cou se o he ield. A
he end o he ieldwo k o he 2023 su ey wa e, 37 households we e newly
added as so-called spli households.
Tabelle 55 Panel S a us o Households Be o e he S a o he 2023 Su ey Wa e
by Subsample (M3-M6)
Household
Le el
To al
M3
M4
M5
M6
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
3,063
100.0
695
100.0
761
100.0
724
100.0
883
100.0
Pa icipa ing
households
om p e ious
wa e
1,588
51.8
390
56.1
420
55.2
387
53.5
391
44.3
Tempo a y
d opou s
1,475
48.2
305
43.9
341
44.8
337
46.5
492
55.7
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield
The ollowing ables desc ibe he g oss sample on he basis o a ious cha ac e -
is ics. Looking a household size in Table 56, we see ha almos 30 pe cen o he
g oss sample consis s o 1-pe son households, and 5 o mo e people li e in 35.3
pe cen o he households. The composi ion o he M4 and M6 subsamples is di -
e en , as he M4 subsample has a much highe p opo ion o la ge households
(51.6 pe cen o households ha e 5 o mo e household membe s) and a much
lowe p opo ion o 1-pe son households (18.5 pe cen ). In subsample M6, on he
o he hand, 40.0 pe cen o all households a e only 1-pe son households.
Tabelle 56 G oss Sample by Household Size and Subsample (M3-M6)
Household
Size
To al M3 M4 M5 M6
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
3,063
100.0
695
100.0
761
100.0
724
100.0
883
100.0
1 908 29.6 193 27.8 141 18.5 221 30.5 353 40.0
2
287
9.4
71
10.2
50
6.6
73
10.1
93
10.5
3
324
10.6
86
12.4
52
6.8
80
11.0
106
12.0
4
462
15.1
106
15.3
125
16.4
107
14.8
124
14.0
5+
1,082
35.3
239
34.4
393
51.6
243
33.6
207
23.4
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 78
The ables below desc ibe he g oss sample acco ding o he egional cha ac e is-
ics o ede al s a e and size o he municipali y. While he di e ences be ween
he subsamples M3-M5 a e a he small ega ding he egional cha ac e is ics, i
is no iceable ha he households o he M6 subsample end o come om he me -
opoli an a ea (500,000 inhabi an s and mo e). This also explains he highe pe -
cen age o M6-households in he s a es o No h Rhine-Wes phalia and Be lin.
Tabelle 57 G oss Sample by Fede al S a e and Subsample (M3-M6)
Household
Le el
To al
M3
M4
M5
M6
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
3,063
100.0
695
100.0
761
100.0
724
100.0
883
100.0
Schleswig-
Hols ein
135
4.4
33
4.7
51
6.7
24
3.3
27
3.1
Hambu g
103
3.4
33
4.7
14
1.8
16
2.2
40
4.5
Lowe Saxony 338 11.0 73
10.5 84 11.0 100 13.8 81 9.2
B emen
66
2.2
24
3.5
8
1.1
4
0.6
30
3.4
No h Rhine-
Wes phalia
979
32.0
145
20.9
186
24.4
275
38.0
373
42.2
Hesse
231
7.5
45
6.5
60
7.9
83
11.5
43
4.9
Rhineland
Pala ina e
109 3.6 23
3.3 22 2.9 46 6.4 18 2.0
Baden-Wue -
embe g
246 8.0 70
10.1 91 12.0 52 7.2 33 3.7
Ba a ia 267 8.7 81
11.7 82 10.8 62 8.6 42 4.8
Saa land
80
2.6
29
4.2
18
2.4
-
-
33
3.7
Be lin
186
6.1
45
6.5
30
3.9
13
1.8
98
11.1
B andenbu g
74
2.4
30
4.3
35
4.6
7
1.0
2
0.2
Mecklenbu g-
Wes e n Po-
me ania
30
1.0
10
1.4
11
1.4
4
0.6
5
0.6
Saxony
104
3.4
16
2.3
41
5.4
17
2.3
30
3.4
Saxony-Anhal
56
1.8
15
2.2
23
3.0
2
0.3
16
1.8
Thu ingia
59
1.9
23
3.3
5
0.7
19
2.6
12
1.4
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield
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Tabelle 58 G oss Sample by Municipali y Size and Subsample (M3-M6)
Household
Le el
To al
M3
M4
M5
M6
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
3,063
100.0
695
100.0
761
100.0
724
100.0
883
100.0
ewe han
2.000 inhabi-
an s
26
0.8
6
0.9
8
1.1
9
1.2
3
0.3
2,000 o 5,000
inhabi an s
85
2.8
18
2.6
31
4.1
19
2.6
17
1.9
5,000 o
20,000
516
16.8
118
17.0
161
21.2
126
17.4
111
12.6
20,000 o
50,000 inhabi-
an s
603
19.7
132
19.0
162
21.3
169
23.3
140
15.9
50,000 o
100,000 inha-
bi an s
386
12.6
132
19.0
88
11.6
85
11.7
81
9.2
100,000 o
500,000 inha-
bi an s
726
23.7
154
22.2
189
24.8
199
27.5
184
20.8
mo e han
500,000 inha-
bi an s
721
23.5
135
19.4
122
16.0
117
16.2
347
39.3
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Add esses a he beginning o he ield
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3.1.2 Design
The mixed-mode design used in he IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees in 2023 is
p esen ed below (Chap e 3.1.2.1). In addi ion, he su ey ins umen s used a e
p esen ed (Chap e 3.1.2.2) so ha an insigh can be gained in o wha con en was
su eyed in 2023. The con ac s a egy (Chap e 3.1.2.3) is hen p esen ed a
household and indi idual le el. Finally, his chap e p esen s in o ma ion on
aining and deploymen o he in e iewe s (Chap e 3.1.2.4).
3.1.2.1 Mixed-mode Design
The IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees used a simila mixed-mode design as he
main su ey (see Chap e 2.1.2.1), bu wi hou he use o pape -based ins umen s
(PAPI) and s anda d elephone in e iews (CATI).
The su ey o a household s a ed wi h he eco ding o upda ing o he household
composi ion in he so-called household ma ix. The upda ing o he household
composi ion had o be ca ied ou wi h he head o he household in an in e -
iewe -adminis a ed manne . The main mode o his pa o he in e iew was
CAPI.
Once he household composi ion was upda ed, i was known which pe sons in he
household we e o be in e iewed and which ques ionnai es hese pe sons we e
o ecei e. Fo he indi idual in e iews wo addi ional modes we e p o ided in
he mixed mode design: I he in e iews ook place a he a ge pe sons' homes,
hey could also ill ou hei ques ionnai es on a able b ough along by he in e -
iewe (CASI). Al e na i ely, he ques ionnai es could be sel -adminis e ed online
(CAWI). In his case, he a ge pe sons ecei ed hei pe sonalized access in o -
ma ion o he online ques ionnai e by mail a e wa ds.
Ta ge pe sons who could no be eached in he household du ing he ieldwo k
phase ( empo a y absen ees) and hose who e used o be in e iewed due o "so
easons o e usal" (no ime, no desi e, e c.) we e also swi ched o he CAWI mode.
The su ey ins umen s we e o e ed in Ge man, English, A abic, Fa si and addi-
ionally, o add ess he new a ge g oups o he M9 sample, Tu kish, Uk ainian,
and Russian. To adminis e he ques ionnai es in all su ey languages, na i e
speake in e iewe s we e hi ed. An addi ional possibili y o adminis e in e -
iews despi e a language ba ie was he use o he CASI mode, whe e he e-
sponden s could answe he ques ions in hei p e e ed language.
To u he suppo in e iewe s and esponden s du ing he in e iew, a esponse
op ion bookle was o e ed o he esponden s. Fo ques ions ha a e pa icula ly
complex, he esponse op ions bookle con ained he esponse ca ego ies o he
co esponding ques ions so ha he esponden s could ead hem hemsel es. The
esponse op ions bookle was a ailable in all se en su ey languages.
As inno a ion in 2023, all adul household membe s as well as adolescen s bo n
in 2006 o 2007 we e ac i ely asked o hei panel consen a he end o hei pe -
sonal in e iew. Only hose esponden s who ga e he consen will be
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eadd essed o he nex wa e in 2024. Tempo a y d opou s in 2023 will be asked
o hei consen in he ollowing wa e.
3.1.2.2 Su ey Ins umen s
In he panel samples o he IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees 2023, a o al o en
compu e -assis ed ins umen s we e used o he esponden s. These we e in e -
linked and con olled in such a way ha he assignmen o he indi idual ins u-
men s was au oma ed based on he in o ma ion om he elec onic household
ma ix du ing he in e iew, so ha each esponden ecei ed hei indi idual
numbe and compila ion o ques ionnai es. Addi ionally, he in e iewe s e-
cei ed a sho ques ionnai e on he esiden ial en i onmen o he household. As
special ea u e o he 2023 wa e a g ip s eng h es was ca ied ou wi h all adul
household membe s.
The su ey s a ed in each household by eco ding he household composi ion.
This in o ma ion was only e e collec ed om one pe son. This pe son was mos
amilia wi h he needs o he household and he e o e had he ole o “head o
household” o he in e iew. The composi ion o he household was used o iden-
i y he o he people who we e o be in e iewed as pa o he s udy. Table 59
gi es an o e iew o all adminis e ed ins umen s and he espec i e a ge pe -
sons.
Tabelle 59 O e iew o Su ey Ins umen s (M3-M6)
Ques ionnai e
Ta ge pe son
Modes
Languages
Household Ma ix
Head o Household
CAPI
Ge man, English, A abic, Fa si,
Tu kish, Uk ainian, Russian
Household ques ionnai e
Head o Household
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
Ge man, English, A abic, Fa si,
Tu kish, Uk ainian, Russian
G ip s engh es
Adul esponden
CAPI
Ge man, English, A abic, Fa si,
Tu kish, Uk ainian, Russian
Indi idual ques ionnai e
( e ugee)
Adul esponden
( e ugee)
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
Ge man, English, A abic, Fa si,
Tu kish, Uk ainian, Russian
Indi idual ques ionnai e
(non- e ugee)
Adul esponden
(non- e ugee)
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
Ge man, English
Biog aphy ques ionnai e
( e ugee)
Fi s - ime adul espond-
en ( e ugee)
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
Ge man, English, A abic, Fa si,
Tu kish, Uk ainian, Russian
Biog aphy ques ionnai e
(non- e ugee)
Fi s - ime adul espond-
en (non- e ugee)
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
Ge man, English
Gap ques ionnai e
Adul esponden s, who
we e no in e iewed in
2022
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
Ge man, English, A abic, Fa si,
Tu kish, Uk ainian, Russian
Child ques ionnai e:
bi h yea 2012 o 2023
Adul esponden s
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
Ge man, English, A abic, Fa si,
Tu kish, Uk ainian, Russian
You h ques ionnai e:
bi h yea 2006 o 2011
Adolescen esponden s
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
Ge man, English, A abic, Fa si,
Tu kish, Uk ainian, Russian
Residen ial en i onmen
ques ionnai e
In e iewe s
CAPI
Ge man
Sou ce: in as
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Household Ma ix
The composi ion o a household is eco ded using an elec onic ool (household
ma ix). This ma ix shows an o e iew o all he people named in he las in e -
iew. This o e iew was used o check wi h he head o household who s ill li es
in he household, who no longe li es he e o who may ha e mo ed in. In addi-
ion o he composi ion o he household, he ela ionships be ween he house-
hold membe s we e also upda ed and comple ed.
I child en bo n in 2012 o la e li ed in he household, i was de e mined who
(usually one pa en ) would la e ecei e he ques ions abou he child o child en.
In addi ion, o adolescen s ha we e be ween 12 and 16 yea s old, pa en al con-
sen was ob ained, so ha hey could also be in e iewed.
In he IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees, in o ma ion on he e ugee back-
g ound o all adul s we e also collec ed as pa o he household ma ix. On his
basis, he app op ia e indi idual ques ionnai es could be assigned.
Household Ques ionnai e
The household ques ionnai e asked o in o ma ion on all aspec s o he
household and is answe ed by he head o household. Di e en ques ions a e
asked abou households li ing in p i a e housing and households li ing in
sha ed accommoda ions.
The opics o he household ques ionnai e we e:
– Housing si ua ion
– Income and expendi u e
– Child en and ca e
G ip S eng h Tes
In he main s udy adul household membe s a e asked o measu e hei g ip
s eng h e e y ou yea s. Fo he IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees, howe e ,
he measu emen o g ip s eng h ook place o he i s ime in 2023. The a ge
pe son’s g ip s eng h es is always adminis e ed by an in e iewe a he begin-
ning o an in e iew (e en o hose who wan o comple e hei ques ionnai es
sel -adminis e ed online (CAWI) o on a able (CASI)).
G ip s eng h, o he s eng h o he handshake, is a ecognised heal h indica o
in science. I in luences many e e yday unc ions, such as holding hea y objec s
o pulling up one's own body. The g ipping o ce is measu ed using a hand o ce
me e (o dynamome e ), which consis s o a handle wi h a load gauge and an
analogue eading scale. Two measu emen s a e aken al e na ely o each hand.
Indi idual Ques ionnai e
The indi idual ques ionnai e is used annually o all adul s, which means i ad-
d essed all household membe s bo n in 2005 o ea lie in he 2023 wa e. In he
IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees wo e sions o he ques ionnai e we e

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adminis e ed: One o e ugees wi h special ques ions on o igin, legal s a us, and
language skills. Adul household membe s, who a e no e ugees hemsel es, e-
cei ed he indi idual ques ionnai e designed o he main s udy. This g oup in-
cluded all pe sons who we e bo n in Ge many, did no en e Ge many as e ugees,
o we e no olde han 16 a he ime.
The opics co e ed by bo h indi idual ques ionnai es include:
– Li e si ua ion oday
– Sa is ac ion and emo ionali y
– Educa ion
– Employmen and seconda y jobs
– Heal h and illness
– Poli ical o ien a ion
– A i udes and opinions
– O igin and amily
As pa o he indi idual in e iew he esponden s a e also asked o hei con-
sen o link he su ey da a o adminis a i e da a a ailable a he Ins i u e o
Employmen Resea ch (IAB) and he Fede al O ice o Mig a ion and Re ugees
(BAMF). The IAB da a includes in o ma ion on employmen his o y, phases o un-
employmen and pa icipa ion in measu es du ing unemploymen . The BAMF
da a includes da a on in eg a ion cou ses in which he esponden s may ha e pa -
icipa ed.
Biog aphy Ques ionnai e
The biog aphy ques ionnai e is used only once in o al pe a ge pe son o collec
impo an biog aphical da a. I was aimed a new adul household membe s bo n
in 2005 o ea lie . In addi ion, i was di ec ed a household membe s who had no
p e iously answe ed his ques ionnai e in p e ious wa es o who we e comple -
ing he indi idual ques ionnai e o he i s ime (e.g., because hey had eached
o would each he age o 18 his yea ).
As wi h he indi idual ques ionnai e, wo e sions o he biog aphy ques ion-
nai e a e used, a special one o e ugees and he ques ionnai e om he main
s udy o non- e ugees. Bo h ques ionnai es om he main s udy (indi idual and
biog aphy) we e only a ailable in Ge man and English. All o he ques ionnai es
we e a ailable in all se en su ey languages.
Topics o bo h biog aphy ques ionnai es a e:
– Na ionali y and o igin
– Rou e o Ge many
– Occupa ion
– Childhood and amily
– School and educa ion
– Ma iage and pa ne ship
Pa o he biog aphy ques ionnai e is also he eco ding o educa ional quali ica-
ions ob ained ab oad. Fo his, he es ablished CAMCES- ool o compu e -as-
sis ed measu emen and coding o educa ional quali ica ions in su eys is used.
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Gap Ques ionnai e
The gap ques ionnai e add esses all a ge pe sons who did no comple e an indi-
idual ques ionnai e in he las su ey wa e in 2022 bu we e scheduled o do so.
I se es o close he empo al "gap" om he las in e iew o he cu en su ey
wa e.
The opics o he gap ques ionnai e a e:
– Changes in employmen
– Social s a us
– Educa ional a ainmen
– Changes in amily en i onmen
You h Ques ionnai e
In 2023 he you h ques ionnai e o adolescen household membe s was ede-
signed and now add esses all adolescen s bo n be ween 2006 and 2011 (12 o 17
yea s old), no only ce ain bi h coho s. Fo all adolescen s ha we e below 17
yea s old, pa en al consen was equi ed.
The opics o he you h ques ionnai e di e s acco ding o age, bu o e all co e s
he ollowing a eas:
– O igin
– A i udes and opinions
– Rela ionships and social en i onmen
– Leisu e and spo s
– School, aining and ca ee
– Fu u e plans
– Heal h and well-being
– Sel -image
– Li e si ua ion and sa is ac ion
– Job and money
– Poli ical iden i y
Child Ques ionnai e
The child ques ionnai e was answe ed by a pa en a he han by he child en
hemsel es and asks ques ions abou all child en younge han 12 yea s old (bo n
in 2012 o la e ).
Topics o he child ques ionnai e include (bu a e no limi ed o):
– P egnancy his o y and bi h
– Heal h s a us o he child
– Pe sonali y o he child
– De elopmen , language and beha iou
– School and pe sonal en i onmen o he child
– Ca e si ua ion
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Residen ial En i onmen Ques ionnai e
As in he main s udy, in o ma ion on he esiden ial en i onmen was also ob-
ained om he in e iewe s. They we e asked o answe en ques ions on he
esiden ial en i onmen o each household hey wo ked wi h, ega dless o
whe he an in e iew wi h he household could be comple ed o no .
I he household li ed in sha ed accommoda ion o e ugees, addi ional ques-
ions abou he accommoda ion we e asked a he end o he in e iew wi h he
head o household.
3.1.2.3 Con ac ing and Communica ion
P io o being con ac ed by an in e iewe , all household membe s lis ed in he
panel egis e who u ned 18 in he su ey yea (in 2023 all household membe s
bo n 2005 o ea lie ) ecei ed an ad ance le e o announce he s a o he new
su ey wa e.
Enclosed wi h he ad ance le e he a ge pe sons ecei ed a da a p o ec ion
shee and a s udy lye . As in 2022, he s udy lye no only con ained basic in o -
ma ion on he su ey bu also some scien i ic esul s om he p e ious wa es o
illus a e he impo ance and alue o he s udy o imp o ing he knowledge
abou and ul ima ely also he li es o e ugees in Ge many.
A e ecei ing he le e , he households we e con ac ed by an in e iewe . I a
alid elephone numbe was a ailable, he in e iewe con ac ed he household
by elephone. I no alid elephone numbe was a ailable o he elephone con ac
a emp s we e unsuccess ul, he in e iewe made pe sonal con ac wi h he
household, o schedule an in e iew appoin men .
To help he in e iewe s es ablishing con ac and scheduling an in e iew wi h
he household, hey we e gi en some suppo ing ma e ials. Con ac ca ds o ex-
ample could be d opped in o he mailbox, hus es ablishing ini ial con ac , i he
household was no a home when con ac ing in pe son. To o e come po en ial
language ba ie s he in e iewe s in he IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees also
ecei ed con ac shee s in all su ey languages, which explained he cen al back-
g ound o he s udy o he a ge pe sons. The goal was o ob ain a cu en ele-
phone numbe o he a ge pe son so ha an in e iewe wi h he app op ia e
language skills could subsequen ly con ac ha pe son. To p e en access p ob-
lems in sha ed accommoda ion o e ugees, he in e iewe s we e also p o ided
wi h a le e o suppo om he BAMF. This could hen be p esen ed o he ele-
an shel e managemen i necessa y.
Field Measu es
Du ing he ieldwo k phase se e al accompanying measu es o inc ease esponse
a e we e ca ied ou . Mos o hese measu es we e pa o he gene al mixed
mode and communica ion design also implemen ed in he main s udy (see Chap-
e 2.1.2.3).
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This included he ollowing send-ou s:
1) Le e o non-con ac s on he household le el, sen o household heads
which could no be eached by an in e iewe and eques ing a con ac
da a upda e.
2) Le e wi h access in o ma ion o he online su ey on he indi idual
le el o esponden s wishing o swi ch o he CAWI mode.
3) Re usal con e sion le e wi h access in o ma ion o he online su ey
(CAWI) o so e usals and non-con ac s on he indi idual le el.
4) Follow-up le e s o non- esponden s a e a swi ch o e usal con e sion
le e (including access in o ma ion o he online su ey).
As a new ea u e o he 2023 IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees, up o h ee ol-
low-up le e s we e sen , each 4 weeks apa and al e na ing be ween pos al de-
li e y and e-mail.
Fu he mo e, enclosed wi h he le e o non-con ac s he household heads e-
cei ed a s udy lye in he 2023 wa e o illus a e he impo ance o hei pa ici-
pa ion and o he i s ime he le e no only asked o an upda e o con ac da a
bu also abou hei a ailabili y and hei language skills. This in o ma ion was
used by he in e iewe s o easie ob ain con ac and in e iews wi h he espec-
i e households. The le e o non-con ac s was sen wo imes du ing he ield
pe iod, once in he beginning o Oc obe and once in he end o No embe . Each
mailing was accompagnied by a sho e-mail o boos eedback.
E ec s o he di e en ield measu e on he esponse a e desc ibed in he Chap e s
3.1.3.1 and 3.1.3.2.
Incen i e Concep
In 2023 adul esponden s bo n in 2005 o ea lie ecei ed 20 eu o in cash wi h a
hank-you le e a e he in e iew. The incen i e inc ease om he la e phase
o he 2022 wa e was hus con inued. Adolescen esponden s ecei ed 5 eu o as
in he p e ious wa e. The hank-you le e s we e sen ou con inuously du ing
he cou se o he ieldwo k.
In addi ion, a doo s ep incen i e o 2 eu o o each household was in oduced in
2023 o he IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees as well as he main s udy. The
amoun could be used by he in e iewe s o buy a small gi o he households
(e.g. chocola e). The amoun could also be accumula ed ac oss se e al house-
holds, i.e. i no doo s ep incen i e is gi en ou in one household, ano he house-
hold can be gi en a bigge gi o 4 eu o (o 6 eu o, e c.).
Panel Main enance
As panel main enance measu e a New Yea 's ca d was sen o households in all
subsamples in Janua y 2024. In addi ion o New Yea 's wishes om DIW Be lin
and in as, his ca d con ained a hank-you o pa icipa ing in he 2023 su ey
wa e wi h a b ie ou look on he nex wa e.
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E ec s o Field Measu es a Household Le el
As desc ibed in chap e 3.1.2.3, se e al ield measu es we e implemen ed in he
2023 su ey o inc ease esponse. The e ec s o he measu es implemen ed a he
household le el a e desc ibed in he ollowing.
Le e o Non-con ac s
A wo imes du ing he ield pe iod, le e s o non-con ac s on he household
le el we e sen o household heads which could no be eached by an in e iewe ,
eques ing a con ac da a upda e. In o al, 1,058 households ecei ed such a le e
and 428 o hose also he newly in oduced accompanying e-mail (see Table 64).
O he households ecei ing he le e and he accompanying e-mail 92 (21.5 pe -
cen ) upda ed hei con ac da a and o he household ecei ing only he le e
because no alid e-mail add ess was a ailable only 23 (2.2 pe cen ) deli e ed an
upda e. This could mean ha he households a e mo e likely o espond o an e-
mail bu also ha mo i a ed households gi e ou mo e e-mail-add esses.
The second assump ion also suppo s he ollowing inding ha when only look-
ing a households wi hou upda ed con ac da a hose wi h a alid e-mail-ad-
d esses a e much mo e likely o be in e iewed (23.8 pe cen ) han hose wi hou
a alid e-mail-add ess (15.3 pe cen ). Whe eas in bo h g oups households wi h up-
da ed con ac da a had a simila esponse a e o 34.8 pe cen .
Tabelle 64 Resul s Le e o Non-con ac s a Household Le el (M3-M6)
Le e o Non-con ac s
To al
Household in e iew
(ma ix) ealized
Household in e iew
(ma ix) no ealized
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
Households ecei ing le e and accompanying e-mail
G oss sample
428
100.0
112
26.2
316
73.8
No upda e con ac da a
336
100.0
80
23.8
256
76.2
Con ac da a upda ed
92
100.0
32
34.8
60
65.2
Households ecei ing only he le e (no e-mail add ess a ailable)
G oss sample
1,058
100.0
166
15.7
892
84.3
No upda e con ac da a
1,035
100.0
158
15.3
877
84.7
Con ac da a upda ed
23
100.0
8
34.8
15
65.2
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion

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3.1.3.2 Pa icipa ion a Indi idual Le el
The ollowing Table 65 desc ibes he esul s o he 2023 wa e a indi idual le el
acco ding o he SOEP-AAPOR classi ica ion, b oken down by subsample. O he
6,508 people o be in e iewed, 1,602 comple ed an in e iew. O hese, 111 pa -
icipan s did no comple e an assigned household o gap ques ionnai e esul ing
in a pa ial in e iew (1.7 pe cen ). This co esponds o a esponse a e o 24.6 pe -
cen . The majo i y o non-pa icipan s can be ca ego ized as empo a y d opou s
(65.0 pe cen ). 10.4 pe cen o he g oss sample d opped ou o he su ey pe ma-
nen ly. The mos common eason o non-pa icipa ion is so e usal (no in e es ,
no ime, e c.). Di e en om he household le el, i can be seen he e ha people
om all samples ha e app oxima ely he same le el o so e usals. Howe e , M6
is abo e a e age when looking a hose who d opped ou pe manen ly.
Tabelle 65 Pa icipa ion a Indi idual Le el by Subsample (AAPOR Codes) (M3-M6)
Indi idual Le el
To al
M3
M4
M5
M6
abs. in % abs. in % abs. in % abs. in % abs. in %
G oss sample
6,508
100.0
1,503
100.0
1,862
100.0
1,540
100.0
1,603
100.0
In e iew [1.0]
1,602
24.6
398
26.5
451
24.2
408
26.5
345
21.5
Comple e [1.1; 1.12]
1,491
22.9
378
25.1
422
22.7
371
24.1
320
20.0
Pa ial [1.21; 1.22]
111
1.7
20
1.3
29
1.6
37
2.4
25
1.6
Non-In e iew [2.0]
4,906
75.4
1,105
73.5
1,411
75.8
1,132
73.5
1,258
78.5
Tempo a y d opou
4,230
65.0
972
64.7
1,246
66.9
962
62.5
1,050
65.5
B eak-o [2.12] 105 1.6 33
2.2 27 1.5 25 1.6 20 1.2
Non-con ac [2.20,
2.21; 2.22]
1,174
18.0
256
17.0
330
17.7
315
20.5
273
17.0
Tempo a y physically
o men ally unable/in-
compe en [2.321;
2.323]
63
1.0
16
1.1
24
1.3
13
0.8
10
0.6
Language P oblem
[2.331]
66
1.0
14
0.9
11
0.6
17
1.1
24
1.5
So e usal [2.351]
2,282
35.1
560
37.3
699
37.5
471
30.6
552
34.4
New ad ess [2.4]
66
1.0
25
1.7
20
1.1
12
0.8
9
0.6
Unable o loca e ad ess
[3.18]
474 7.3 68
4.5 135 7.3 109 7.1 162 10.1
Final D opou 676 10.4 133
8.8 165 8.9 170 11.0 208 13.0
Pe manen e usal
[2.111]
662
10.2
128
8.5
162
8.7
168
10.9
204
12.7
Dead [2.31]
2
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
0.1
Pe manen ly physically
o men ally unable/in-
compe en [2.322;
2.324]
3
0.0
3
0.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mo ed ab oad [4.2]
7
0.1
2
0.1
2
0.1
1
0.1
2
0.1
Household dissol ed
[4.3]
2 0.0 -
- 1 0.1 1 0.1 - -
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 95
PUNR – Pa ial Uni Non- esponse
Pa ial uni non- esponse desc ibes he si ua ion whe e some bu no all house-
hold membe s eligible and selec ed o he indi idual in e iews ha e been suc-
cess ully su eyed. A household is conside ed ully ealized when all adul house-
hold membe s ha e been in e iewed, i.e. comple e pe sonal in e iew has been
conduc ed and he head o he household has answe ed he household ques ion-
nai e.
In 2023, he PUNR is a a simila le el as in 2021 wi h only 45.7 pe cen and hus
dec eased again compa ed o 2022. Sample M3 has he highes PUNR a 52.0 pe -
cen , while sample M6 has he lowes wi h 39.4 pe cen (see Table 66).
Tabelle 66 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by Subsample (M3-M6)
Household Le el To al M3 M4 M5 M6
abs. in % abs. in % abs. in % abs. in % abs. in %
G oss sample*
683
100.0
171
100.0
193
100.0
177
100.0
142
100.0
Household pa ly
ealized (PUNR)
312
45.7
89
52.0
95
49.2
72
40.7
56
39.4
Household comple-
ely ealized
371
54.3
82
48.0
98
50.8
105
59.3
86
60.6
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Sha e o households wi h mo e han one adul household membe .
The mo e people li ing in a household, he mo e di icul i is o ully ealize he
household. As he numbe o membe s inc eases, he p opo ion o ully ealized
household dec eases con inuously. Among wo pe son households, 66.0 pe cen
we e ully ealized; his igu e d ops o 27.6 pe cen wi h ou o mo e membe s.
Tabelle 67 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by Size o Household (M3-M6)
Household Le el
To al
2 pe son
household
3 pe son
household
4 o mo e pe son
household
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample* 683 100.0 429 100.0 131 100.0
123 100.0
Household pa ly eali-
zed (PUNR)
312
45.7
146
34.0
77
58.8
89
72.4
Household comple ely
ealized
371
54.3
283
66.0
54
41.2
34
27.6
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Sha e o households wi h mo e han one adul household membe .
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 96
E ec s o Field Measu es a Indi idual Le el
As a he household le el, se e al ield measu es we e implemen ed a he indi-
idual le el, whose e ec s a e desc ibed in he ollowing.
Swi ch o CAWI
All esponden s wishing o answe he ques ionnai es online ecei ed a le e
wi h access in o ma ion o he online su ey (CAWI swi ch). These CAWI swi ch
le e s we e sen o 123 adul household membe s and 43 adolescen s (see Table
68) h oughou he ield pe iod. Wi h 27.6 pe cen he o al CAWI pa icipa ion
was highe among adul s han adolescen s (18.6 pe cen ).
This was only due o he up o h ee ollow-up le e s which we e sen o adul
household membe s who did no comple e he online su ey p omp ly a e he
swi ch le e . Wi h e e y eminde ano he 4 o 5 esponden s pa icipa ed online,
summing up o an inc ease in he esponse a e om ini ially 17.1 pe cen o 27.6
pe cen un il he end o he ieldwo k phase.
Tabelle 68 Resul s o Swi ch o CAWI a Indi idual Le el (M3-M6)
Swi ch o CAWI
Adul pa icipan s
(bo n up o 2005)
Adolescen s
(bo n 2006 o 2011)
abs
in %
abs
in %
Realized p io o i s ollow-up le e
21
17.1
-
-
Realized p io o second ollow-up le e
26
21.1
-
-
Realized p io o hi d ollow-up le e
30
24.4
-
-
Realized un il end o ieldwo k phase
34
27.6
8
18.6
G oss Sample
123
100.0
43
100.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Re usal Con e sion ia CAWI
Addi ionally, so e usals and non-con ac s on he indi idual le el we e sen ac-
cess in o ma ion o he online su ey in e usal con e sion le e s a wo poin s
in he cou se o he ieldwo k (mid-Oc obe and mid-Decembe ). In o al 240 adul
household membe s and 212 adolescen s ecei ed such a le e (see Table 69).
Tabelle 69 Resul s o Re usal Con e sion ia CAWI a Indi idual Le el (M3-M6)
Re usal con e sion (CAWI)
Adul pa icipan s
(bo n up o 2005)
Adolescen s
(bo n 2006 o 2011)
abs
in %
abs
in %
To al 240 100.0 212 100.0
Realized in CAWI
6
2.5
13
6.1
Realized in o he mode
12
5.0
1
0.5
No ealized
222
92.5
198
93.4
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 97
Only 2.5 pe cen o he in i ed adul s pa icipa ed online, bu a leas 6.1 pe cen
o he adolescen s. I can also be seen ha he pa allel u he con ac by he in-
e iewe was impo an , because nea ly as many as hose who comple ed he
ques ionnai e online, we e s ill ealized in o he su ey modes (5.0 pe cen o
adul s and 0.5 pe cen o adolescen s).
3.1.3.3 Pa icipa ion a Ins umen Le el
As can be seen in Table 70, a o al o 963 household ques ionnai es and 1,602 in-
di idual ques ionnai es we e comple ed (1,404 by e ugees and 198 by non- e u-
gees). The g ip s eng h es , as special ea u e o his wa e, was comple ed by
1,340 adul household membe s. Fi s - ime esponden s also ecei ed he biog-
aphy ques ionnai e. He e, 61 ques ionnai es we e comple ed (20 by e ugees and
41 by non- e ugees). 492 esponden s who had empo a ily no aken pa in he
su ey in he p e ious wa e we e also asked abou impo an e en s in he mean-
ime wi h he gap ques ionnai e. In addi ion, ques ionnai es we e comple ed o
a o al o 668 child en and 281 adolescen s.
Tabelle 70 Numbe o In e iews by Subsample and Ques ionnai e (M3-M6)
To al
M3
M4
M5
M6
Household ques ionnai e 963 243 250 248 222
G ip s eng h es
1,340
343
361
338
298
Indi idual ques ionnai e ( e ugee)
1,404
347
383
376
298
Indi idual ques ionnai e (non- e ugee)
198
51
68
32
47
Biog aphy ques ionnai e ( e ugee)
20
7
7
2
4
Biog aphy ques ionnai e (non- e ugee)
41
9
15
8
9
Gap ques ionnai e
492
119
136
128
109
Child ques ionnai e: bi h yea 2012 o 2023 668 147 189 184 148
You h ques ionnai e: bi h yea 2006 o 2011
281
67
122
51
41
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Tabelle 71 Response Ra es by Ques ionnai e (M3-M6)
G oss sample
Numbe o in-
e iews
Response a e
G ip s eng h es
2,251
1,340
59.5
Indi idual ques ionnai e ( e ugee and non- e ugee)
2,251
1,602
71.2
Biog aphy ques ionnai e ( e ugee and non- e ugee)
107
61
57.0
Gap ques ionnai e
576
492
85.4
Child ques ionnai e: bi h yea 2012 o 2023
1,005
668
66.5
You h ques ionnai e: bi h yea 2006 o 2011 583 281 48.2
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion; he g oss sample is he a ge popula ion o pa icipa ing households. The g oss sample
size o he addi ional ques ionnai es (child ques ionnai e, biog aphy ques ionnai e, gap ques ionnai e) is cons i u ed o
he amoun o people who comple ed hei indi idual ques ionnai e and we e o ill ou he espec i e addi ional ques-
ionnai e.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 98
Only alidly comple ed households a e included in he calcula ion o he esponse
a es shown in Table 71. A he le el o he indi idual ques ionnai es, he com-
bined esponse a e o e ugees and non- e ugees is 71.2 pe cen . The ques ion-
nai e o adolescen s has a esponse a e o 48.2 pe cen while he ques ionnai e
abou child en has a esponse a e o a ound 66.5 pe cen . The esponse a es o
he addi ional componen s lay be ween 57.0 pe cen o he biog aphy ques ion-
nai e and 85.4 pe cen o he gap ques ionnai e.
3.1.3.4 Ques ionnai e Du a ion
Table 72 below shows he du a ion o all ques ionnai es used in he panel samples
M3-M6. The household ques ionnai e ook an a e age o 19.5 minu es o comple e
in 2023, which is a ound 2 minu es sho e han in he p e ious wa e. Fo indi-
idual ques ionnai es, he a e age du a ion anged om a ound 45.6 minu es o
non- e ugee esponden s o 48.3 minu es o e ugees. The addi ional biog aphy
ques ionnai e ook on a e age 35.2 minu es o e ugees and 27.1 minu es o
non- e ugees. In compa ison o he p e ious wa e, he indi idual ques ionnai e
o e ugees go a li le longe , while he on o non- e ugees was a ew minu es
sho e . The biog aphy ques ionnai es bo h had a simila leng h o he p e ious
wa e.
The gap ques ionnai e only ook 2.4 minu es o comple e, and he g ip s eng h
es was only a li le longe wi h 3 minu es. The du a ion o he child ques ion-
nai e was 11.2 minu es on a e age and hus a ound 2 minu es sho e han in he
p e ious wa e.
As pa o he edesign he you h ques ionnai e was sho ened o all age g oups
and ook only 25.2 minu es o comple e in 2023, compa ed o nea ly 44 minu es
in 2022.
Tabelle 72 In e iew Leng h by Ques ionnai e (in Minu es) (M3-M6)
N Mean Median 5%
pe cen ile
95%
pe cen ile
Household ques ionnai e 962 19.5 17.0 6.5 39.7
G ip s eng h es
1,340
3.0
2.6
0.9
6.0
Indi idual ques ionnai e ( e ugee)
1,401
48.3
44.9
21.1
89.4
Indi idual ques ionnai e (non- e ugee) 197 45.6 41.2 14.0 84.7
Biog aphy ques ionnai e ( e ugee)
20
35.2
32.5
17.3
71.0
Biog aphy ques ionnai e (non- e ugee)
41
27.1
26.3
12.2
47.0
Gap ques ionnai e
492
2.4
1.8
0.7
5.6
Child ques ionnai e: bi h yea 2012 o 2023
666
11.2
10.2
3.9
21.8
You h ques ionnai e: bi h yea 2006 o 2011
281
25.2
24.0
10.8
44.3
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 99
3.1.3.5 In e iewing Modes and Languages
The ollowing ables show he modes and languages used o answe he a ious
ques ionnai es a household and indi idual le el in he 2023 su ey wa e.
As shown in Table 73, all ques ionnai es we e p edominan ly adminis e ed by an
in e iewe (CAPI) wi h o e 90 pe cen o he household ques ionnai e and
a ound 81 pe cen o indi idual and child ques ionnai es. Only o he you h
ques ionnai e he CAPI sha e d ops below 70 pe cen . In e u n adolescen s made
mos use o he sel -adminis e ed modes CASI (22.1 pe cen ) and CAWI (8.5 pe -
cen ) o comple e hei in e iews. In o al, he sha e o CAPI and CASI in e iews
adds up o mo e ques ionnai es being adminis e ed in he households han in he
p e ious wa e.
Tabelle 73 In e iewing Modes by Ques ionnai e (M3-M6)
In e iewe -
Based
Sel -Adminis e ed
To al
CAPI12
CASI
CAWI
Household
ques ionnai e
abs.
963
880
70
13
in %
100.0
91.4
7.3
1.3
Indi idual
ques ionnai e
abs.
1,602
1,304
245
53
in %
100.0
81.4
15.3
3.3
Child
ques ionnai e
abs.
668
541
98
29
in %
100.0
81.0
14.7
4.3
You h
ques ionnai e
abs.
281
195
62
24
in %
100.0
69.4
22.1
8.5
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Table 74 shows he in e iewing languages o he di e en ques ionnai es. The
dis ibu ion o he languages is simila among all ques ionnai es answe ed by
adul household membe s, wi h 30 o 36 pe cen answe ed in Ge man, a ound 58
o 67 pe cen in A abic, be ween 2 and 3 pe cen each in English and Fa si. The
newly in oduced languages o he e eshmen sample Tu kish, Russian and
Uk ainian we e only used in single cases o he samples M3-M6. Fo adolescen
esponden s he dis ibu ion is e y di e en , wi h 73.0 pe cen o Ge man, 26.3
pe cen A abic and only some cases o English.
12 Towa ds he end o he ieldwo k phase, a ew indi idual households ha could no be in e iewed in any o he way
we e in e iewed by elephone by in e iewe s om he F2F ield (CAPI by phone). These cases a e included he e.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 100
Tabelle 74 In e iewing Languages by Ques ionnai e (M3-M6)
Ge man
English
A abic
Fa si
Tu kish
Russian
Uk ainian
To al
Household ma ix abs.
362
27
603
29
-
5
1
1,027
in %
35.2
2.6
58.7
2.8
-
0.5
0.1
100.0
Household
ques ionnai e
abs.
293
29
608
29
-
3
1
963
in %
30.4
3.0
63.1
3.0
-
0.3
0.1
100.0
Indi idual
ques ionnai e
abs.
582
43
936
36
-
4
1
1,602
in %
36.3
2.7
58.4
2.2
-
0.2
0.1
100.0
Child
ques ionnai e
abs.
157
41
448
19
-
2
1
668
in %
23.5
6.1
67.1
2.8
-
0.3
0.1
100.0
You h
ques ionnai e
abs.
205
2
74
-
-
-
-
281
in %
73.0
0.7
26.3
-
-
-
-
100.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
3.1.3.6 Panel Consen
As an inno a ion in he IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees, all adul household
membe s as well as adolescen s bo n in 2006 o 2007 we e ac i ely asked o hei
panel consen a he end o hei pe sonal in e iew. Only hose esponden s who
ga e he consen will be eadd essed o he nex wa e in 2024. Tempo a y d op-
ou s in 2023 will be asked o hei consen in he ollowing wa e.
Mos esponden s ga e hei panel consen , he consen a e being a li le highe
among adul pa icipan s wi h 92.8 pe cen compa ed o 88.6 pe cen among ad-
olescen pa icipan s.
Tabelle 75 Panel Consen (M3-M6)
Indi idual Le el
Adul pa icipan s
(bo n up o 2005)
Adolescen pa icipan s
(bo n 2006 o 2007)
abs. in % abs. in %
G oss sample*
1,629
100.0
114
100.0
Panel consen gi en
1,511
92.8
101
88.6
Panel consen e used
118
7.2
13
11.4
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Responden s who we e asked he panel consen ques ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 101
3.1.3.7 Reco d Linkage Consen
As in he main s udy, o be able o link da a om o he ins i u ions o he su ey
da a a e comple ion o he su ey, each adul esponden is asked o hei con-
sen in he ques ionnai e i hey ha e no al eady gi en i be o e o ha e e used
i wice. Consen is eques ed sepa a ely o linkage pu poses wi h he Ins i u e
o Employmen Resea ch (IAB) and he Fede al O ice o Mig a ion and Re ugees
(BAMF). Fo he BAMF-linkage w i en consen is needed while o he IAB-linkage
e bal consen is su icien .
In he 2023 su ey wa e, 65 esponden s in he panel samples M3-M6 we e asked
o hei consen o link da a om he Ins i u e o Employmen Resea ch and 28
esponden s (43.1 pe cen ) ga e hei consen (see Table 76). Looking a he BAMF-
linkage, we see ha 689 esponden s we e asked o hei consen his yea and
361 esponden s ga e i (52.4 pe cen ).
Tabelle 76 Consen o Reco d Linkage (M3-M6)
Indi idual Le el IAB BAMF
abs. in % abs. in %
G oss sample*
65
100.0
689
100.0
Consen gi en in his su ey wa e
28
43.1
361
52.4
Consen no gi en in his su ey wa e
37
56.9
328
47.6
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Responden s who we e asked he eco d linkage consen ques ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 102
3.1.3.8 T acking Techniques
Fo he IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees in pa icula , in ensi e acking o ad-
d ess in o ma ion is essen ial o es ablish con ac wi h a ge pe sons and o e-
duce panel a i ion be ween su ey wa es. Fo his eason, acking akes place
con inuously, bo h du ing he ield phase and be ween wa es. Du ing he ield
phase, new con ac in o ma ion is always ed back o he espec i e in e iewe s
o con ac ing. Likewise, con ac in o ma ion is collec ed and esea ched espe-
cially by in e iewe s du ing he con ac ing p ocess.
Table 77 shows he acking esul s du ing he 2023 su ey, sepa a ed acco ding
o he di e en ypes o acking. I should be no ed ha indi idual pe sons may
be acked mo e han once i i u ns ou ha con ac in o ma ion is ou da ed o
inaccu a e. In o al, 810 add esses we e acked in he panel sample M3-M6 du -
ing he ieldwo k phase. Wi h his a ound one-qua e o he households con-
ac ed we e included in he acking his yea , which is abou he same as in he
p e ious wa e.
In abou 26 pe cen o hese, he known add ess was con i med and in 71.6 pe -
cen new add ess da a could be esea ched. The highes p opo ion o newly e-
sea ched add esses esul ed om eedback om he a ge pe sons hemsel es
( ia he in as ho line o by e-mail).
Tabelle 77 Resul o T acking Techniques (M3-M6)
T acking
To al
Ad ess-
ac o y
EWO
in as ho line
In e iewe
acking
To al abs.
810
348
271
395
91
in %
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Deceased
abs.
3
-
-
-
3
in %
0.4
-
-
-
3.3
Mo ed ab oad
abs.
8
-
3
-
5
in %
1.0
-
1.1
-
5.5
No in o ma ion
p o ided
abs.
6
8
154
-
-
in % 0.7
2.3 56.8 - -
New add ess
da a e u ned
abs.
580
78
60
378
78
in %
71.6
22.4
22.1
95.7
85.7
Old add ess
da a con i med
abs. 213
262 54 17 5
in %
26.3
75.3
19.9
4.3
5.5
Sou ce: in as iSMS, mul iple answe s possible
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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3.2.2.3 Con ac ing and Communica ion
The gene al con ac s a egy as well as mos o he ield measu es used we e he
same as in he panel samples M3-M6 (see Chap e 3.1.2.3).
Howe e , he M9 incen i e concep di e ed om he panel samples. In addi ion
o he 5 eu o p e-paid incen i e o he p e- ec ui men su ey in he subsamples
M9-REF and M9-SUARE 1 anche 2, all adul household membe s bo n be o e o
in 2005 who comple ed hei ull pe sonal in e iew (including he biog aphy
ques ionnai e) ecei ed 20 eu o oge he wi h he hank-you-le e .
Since he biog aphy ques ionnai e is an essen ial pa o i s wa e in e iews,
especially in his a ge g oup, adul household membe s who only comple ed
hei indi idual ques ionnai e and no biog aphy ques ionnai e ecei ed a com-
bined hank-you and ollow-up le e con aining only 10 eu o as pos -paid incen-
i e. I he missing biog aphy ques ionnai e was ealized online a e wa ds, he
esponden s ecei ed ano he hank-you-le e con aining ano he 10 eu o as
pos -paid incen i e.
Addi ionally, as in he panel samples, a doo s ep incen i e o 2 eu o o each
household was in oduced.
Conce ning he ield measu es he e we e also some small di e ences o he panel
samples: The le e o non-con ac s on he household le el, which was sen in
mid-Oc obe and he end o No embe , was accompagnied by he s udy lye as
o he panel samples. Bu no addi ional ques ions abou a ailabili y and lan-
guage we e asked, since hese ques ions we e al eady pa o he p e- ec ui men
su ey. Also, no accompagnying mail was sen o he e eshmen sample.
Addi ionally, he p e- ec ui ed households who we e no ye con ac ed by an in-
e iewe un il he end o Sep embe ecei ed a sho le e announcing ha an
in e iewe would soon be in ouch o he main pa o he su ey. Fu he mo e,
p e- ec ui ed households ha could no be eached un il he end o he ieldwo k
phase ecei ed a a ewell le e in he beginning o Janua y wi h a hank you o
hei willingness o pa icipa e and he in o ma ion, ha he ieldwo k phase has
ended, and hey will no be a pa o he nex su ey wa e.
3.2.2.4 Follow-up Online Su ey
In he a e ma h o hei pa icipa ion in he 2023 su ey wa e, esponden s om
he subsamples M9-SUARE 1 and 2 we e in i ed o pa icipa e in a small addi-
ional online su ey. The aim o his s udy using a ac o ial su ey design was o
examine condi ions unde which Uk ainian e ugees would be willing o s a o-
ca ional aining in Ge many.
Mo e in o ma ion on he su ey design and he esul s a e p esen ed in Chap e
3.2.3.

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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3.2.3 Resul s
The ollowing chap e p esen s he ield esul s o he e eshmen sample M9 in
2023. Resul s o he p e- ec ui men a e p esen ed i s (Chap e 3.2.3.1), ollowed
by esul s a he household le el (Chap e 3.2.3.2) and he indi idual le el (Chap-
e 3.2.3.3). The esul s a he ins umen le el a e hen discussed (Chap e 3.2.3.4),
as well as ques ionnai e du a ion (Chap e 3.2.3.5), he use o di e en in e iew-
ing modes and languages (Chap e 3.2.3.6), he esul o he ques ion on panel con-
sen (Chap e 3.2.3.7) and he esul s o he ques ions on consen o eco d linkage
(Chap e 3.2.3.8).
3.2.3.1 P e-Rec ui men
P io o he main ield phase, all 33,787 a ge pe sons o he M9 e eshmen sam-
ple we e in i ed o a sho p e- ec ui men su ey which was adminis e ed ia
CAWI o PAPI. Wi h 9,251 esponden s mo e han one ou h (27.4 pe cen ) o he
add essed a ge pe sons comple ed he in e iew, 20.0 pe cen online and 7.4
pe cen ia PAPI. In addi ion o his, 21.9 pe cen o he send-ou s we e e u ned
due o alse add ess in o ma ion (n=7,388) and 1.1 pe cen o he a ge pe sons
ac i ely e used hei pa icipa ion in he su ey (n=375; see Table 82).
When compa ing he di e en subsamples, i can be obse ed ha he esponse
a e in he AZR e eshmen samples anged om 19.7 pe cen in M9-SUARE 2 o
23.9 pe cen in M9-REF, ha ing highe esponse a es in bo h CAWI and PAPI. Ad-
di ionally, he sha e o alse add ess in o ma ion was nea ly 10 pe cen age poin s
highe in M9-SUARE 2.
The panel sample M9-SUARE 1 on he o he hand expec edly had a much highe
esponse a e wi h 53.0 pe cen in anche 1 and 58.4 pe cen in anche 2. The
addi ional measu es aken o boos he esponse a e in anche 2 he e o e seem
o ha e been success ul, especially he p epaid incen i e. The enclosed PAPI ques-
ionnai e on he o he hand did no lead o a highe esponse a e.
Tabelle 82 O e iew P e-Rec ui men by Subsample (M9)
To al
M9-REF
M9-SUARE 1
T anche 1
M9-SUARE 1
T anche 2
M9-SUARE 2
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample 33,787 100.0 22,352
100.0 3,000 100.0 1,715 100.0 6,720 100.0
Response o al
9,251
27.4
5,337
23.9
1,591
53.0
1,002
58.4
1,321
19.7
O which CAWI
6,743
20.0
3,476
15.6
1,407
46.9
926
54.0
934
13.9
O which PAPI 2,508 7.4 1,861
8.3 184 6.1 76 4.4 387 5.8
Re usal
375
1.1
302
1.4
23
0.8
17
1.0
33
0.5
Pos al e u n
7,388
21.9
4,458
19.9
636
21.2
338
19.7
1,956
29.1
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
A compa ison o he de elopmen o he esponse a e du ing he p e- ec ui men
phase in he wo AZR e eshmen samples shows ha he use o he p epaid in-
cen i e in he ad ance le e in he M9-REF subsample led o a highe esponse
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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a e di ec ly a e wa ds wi h 13.8 pe cen , compa ed o 9.3 pe cen in M9-SUARE
2. Fu he mo e, he esponse a e a e he i s ollow-up le e was also highe in
M9-REF wi h an inc ease o 10.1 pe cen age poin s, compa ed o an inc ease o 6.9
pe cen age poin s in M9-SUARE 2. The posi i e e ec o he p epaid incen i e hus
appea s o con inue a e he i s eminde . The second ollow-up le e , which
was only sen in he M9-SUARE 2 subsample, led o ano he subs an ial inc ease
in esponse a e o 3.5 pe cen age poin s, e en i , as expec ed, i dec eased wi h
each mailing. Thus, al hough he posi i e p epaid e ec in he M9-REF subsample
could no be comple ely compensa ed o , he o e all esponse a e o he M9-
SUARE 2 subsample was aised o a simila le el by he second eminde (see Table
83).
When looking a he wo anches o he subsample M9-SUARE 1, besides he pos-
i i e p epaid e ec i can be obse ed ha he accompanying mail, in oduced in
anche 1 wi h he i s ollow-up le e and in anche 2 wi h he ad ance le e ,
also seems o ha e led o highe esponse a es. This is especially ue o he CAWI
esponse, which can be explained by he ac ha a di ec link o he CAWI ques-
ionnai e was included in he mails. The esponse a e in anche 2 was nea ly 5
pe cen highe han in anche 1 p io o he i s ollow-up le e . This di e ence
was almos elimina ed p io o he second ollow-up le e bu ose again o o e
5 pe cen age poin s un il he end o he p e- ec ui men phase (see Table 83).
Tabelle 83 De elopmen o Response P e-Rec ui men To al by Subsample (M9)
Cumula ed esponse
To al
M9-REF
M9-SUARE 1
T anche 1
M9-SUARE 1
T anche 2
M9-SUARE 2
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
Realized p io o i s
ollow-up le e
4,998 14.8 3,093
13.8 762 25.4 515 30.0 628 9.3
Realized p io o sec-
ond ollow-up le e
8,541 25.3 5,337
23.9 1,337 44.6 778 45.4 1,089 16.2
Realized un il end o
p e- ec ui men phase
9,251 27.4 5,337
23.9 1,591 53.0 1,002 58.4 1,321 19.7
G oss sample
33,787
100.0
22,352
100.0
3,000
100.0
1,715
100.0
6,720
100.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
3.2.3.2 Pa icipa ion a Household Le el
In he ace- o- ace ield, a o al o 14,243 households we e o be con ac ed in he
e eshmen sample M9 in 2023. In 5,301 households a leas one in e iew was
success ully conduc ed, esul ing in a o al esponse a e o 37.2 pe cen o e all
subsamples.
Figu e 6 shows he cumula ion o comple ed household in e iews o e he ield-
wo k phase. The ield pe iod an om July 2023 o he beginning o Janua y 2024
as o he panel samples. In e iews we e comple ed a a qui e simila a e
h oughou he en i e ieldwo k phase, wi h an accele a ing endency un il No-
embe 2023 and a decele a ion in he las wo mon hs o he ieldwo k phase.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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Abbildung 6 Comple ion o Household In e iews in he Field (M9)
Absolu e numbe s
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.000
5.500
Numbe o Household In e iews
2023 2024
Sou ce: in as, own igu e
The ollowing Table 84 desc ibes he esul s o he 2023 su ey on household le el
acco ding o he SOEP-AAPOR classi ica ion di e en ia ed o he ollowing sub-
samples: M9-REF p e- ec ui ed, M9-REF non-p e- ec ui ed, M9-SUARE 1, M9-
SUARE 2. In he subsamples M9-SUARE 1 and 2 only p e- ec ui ed households
we e ans e ed o he ace- o- ace- ield. In he subsample M9-REF in addi ion o
he p e- ec ui ed households a andom sample non- esponden s was d awn o
he ace- o- ace ield o accoun o non- andom e ec s o non- esponse in he
p e- ec ui men su ey (M9-REF non-p e- ec ui ed).
O he 5,301 in e iewed households mo e han wo hi ds we e su eyed com-
ple ely (n=3,760), i.e. all household membe s bo n in o be o e 2005 could be in-
e iewed. In a o al o 4,881 households, bo h he household ques ionnai e and
a leas one indi idual in e iew we e comple ed besides he obliga o y house-
hold ma ix (AAPOR codes 1.11 and 1.21). In he emaining 420 households (2.9
pe cen ) a leas one essen ial ques ionnai e, e.g. he household ques ionnai e
was missing.
The esponse a es di e subs an ially be ween he ou subsamples: The p e- e-
c ui ed subsamples o M9-REF und M9-SUARE 1 and 2 ha e much highe esponse
a es han he non-p e- ec ui ed households o M9-REF, which indica es ha he
p e- ec ui men su ey had he desi ed e ec o ec ui ing mo i a ed households
o he ace- o- ace ield. Bu he numbe s also show a ema kable di e ence be-
ween he wo a ge s g oups o Uk ainian e ugees and hose om all o e he
wo ld. While he esponse a e in M9-SUARE 1 and 2 lay a ound 60 pe cen , i was
mo e han 15 pe cen age poin s lowe in he p e- ec ui ed M9-REF subsample
wi h a esponse a e o 44.7 pe cen .
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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Tabelle 84 Pa icipa ion a Household Le el by Subsample (AAPOR Codes) (M9)
Household Le el
To al
M9-REF
p e- ec ui ed
M9-REF non-
p e- ec ui ed
M9-SUARE 1
M9-SUARE 2
abs. in % abs. in % abs. in % abs. in % abs. in %
G oss sample
14,243
100.0
5,337
100.0
4,992
100.0
2,593
100.0
1,321
100.0
In e iew [1.0]
5,301
37.2
2,386
44.7
534
10.7
1,607
62.0
774
58.6
Comple e [1.11]
3,760
26.4
1,549
29.0
341
6.8
1,276
49.2
594
45.0
Pa ial [1.21]
1,121
7.9
586
11.0
118
2.4
276
10.6
141
10.7
Pa ial (missing house-
hold ques ionnai e)
[2.353]
299
2.1
168
3.1
57
1.1
43
1.7
31
2.3
Pa ial (missing da a)
[2.354]
121
0.8
83
1.6
18
0.4
12
0.5
8
0.6
Non-In e iew [2.0]
8,942
62.8
2,951
55.3
4,458
89.3
986
38.0
547
41.4
Tempo a y d opou 7,383 51.8 2,586
48.5 3,516 70.4 820 31.6 461 34.9
B eak-o [2.12]
59
0.4
35
0.7
8
0.2
11
0.4
5
0.4
Non-con ac [2.2]
1,108
7.8
346
6.5
558
11.2
141
5.4
63
4.8
Tempo a y physically
o men ally unable/in-
compe en [2.321]
44 0.3 11
0.2 12 0.2 13 0.5 8 0.6
Language P oblem
[2.331]
333 2.3 171
3.2 118 2.4 29 1.1 15 1.1
So e usal [2.351] 4,042 28.4 1,881
35.2 1,216 24.4 590 22.8 355 26.9
New ad ess [2.4]
240
1.7
142
2.7
47
0.9
36
1.4
15
1.1
No a emp ed o
wo ked [3.11]
1,557
10.9
-
-
1,557
31.2
-
-
-
-
Final D opou
1,559
11.0
365
6.8
942
18,9
166
6.4
86
6.5
Pe manen e usal
[2.111]
569
4.0
188
3.5
269
5.4
81
3.1
31
2.3
Dead [2.31]
5
0.0
1
0.0
4
0.1
-
-
-
-
Pe manen ly physically
o men ally unable/in-
compe en [2.322]
29
0.2
9
0.2
16
0.3
3
0.1
1
0.1
Mo ed ab oad [4.2]
65
0.5
6
0.1
5
0.1
38
1.5
16
1.2
Household unlo-
ca able[4.4]
709
5.0
118
2.2
531
10.6
32
1.2
28
2.1
Non-eligible [4.5]
182
1.3
43
0.8
117
2.3
12
0.5
10
0.8
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
The non-p e- ec ui ed households o M9-REF in compa ison only eached a e-
sponse a e o 10.7 pe cen , bu i mus be aken in o conside a ion he e ha he
assumed esponse a e he e also lay a ound 10 pe cen . This is also he eason o
he highe sha es o households wi hou a con ac a emp (31.2 pe cen ) o a suc-
cess ul con ac (11.2 pe cen ). Addi ionally, wi hou p e- ec ui men he sha e o
unloca able households was much highe wi h 10.6 pe cen compa ed o a ound
2 pe cen in he o he subsamples.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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In con as o he p e- ec ui men phase he e is no big di e ence be ween he
ace- o- ace esponse a es be ween he p e iously in e iewed subsample M9-
SUARE 1 and he newly sampled M9-SUARE 2 wi h 62.0 and 58.6 pe cen . This li -
le di e ence is due o a sligh ly highe sha e o so e usals in he M9-SUARE 2
subsample. The highes sha e o so e usal can be ound in he p e- ec ui ed
households o M9-REF wi h 35.2 pe cen , he main easons o e usal being "no
ime" and "no in e es ", same as in he panel samples. The sha e o inal d opou s
is simila wi h 6 o 7 pe cen in all h ee p e- ec ui ed subsamples.
Con ac E o
The ollowing Table 85 o Table 87 show he a e age numbe o con ac s o he
h ee p e- ec ui ed subsamples M9-REF, M9-SUARE 1 and 2 o e he en i e ield-
wo k phase. These h ee subsamples needed o be con ac ed ho oughly o ob ain
an in e iew wi h as many households as possible.
On a e age, in e iewed households in M9-REF had 3.5 con ac a emp s. In M9-
SUARE 1 i was 3.1 con ac a emp s and in M9-SUARE 2 3.2 con ac a emp s. Wi h
his he in e iewed e eshmen households we e easie o each and mo i a e
hen he panel households in he samples M3-M6 wi h an a e age o 4.1 con ac
a emp s. A mos , an in e iew was comple ed a e 19 con ac a emp s in he
M9-REF subsample.
The a e age numbe o con ac a emp s o e all and in he g oup households ha
could no be eached un il he end o he ieldwo k phase was a ound he same as
needed o an in e iew in M9-SUARE 1, a li le highe han needed in M9-SUARE
2 and a li le lowe in M9-REF.
Tabelle 85 Numbe o In e iewe Con ac s by Field Resul (AAPOR Codes)
(M9-REF P e- ec ui ed)
N
Mean
Minimum
Maximum
To al
5,337
2.7
0
19
In e iew [1.0]
2,386
3.5
1
19
Non-con ac [2.2]
346
2.9
1
12
So e usal [2.351]
1,880
1.8
0
17
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Tabelle 86 Numbe o In e iewe Con ac s by Field Resul (AAPOR Codes)
(M9-SUARE 1)
N
Mean
Minimum
Maximum
To al
2,593
2.9
0
15
In e iew [1.0]
1,607
3.1
1
12
Non-con ac [2.2]
141
3.0
1
9
So e usal [2.351]
589
2.3
0
15
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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Tabelle 87 Numbe o In e iewe Con ac s by Field Resul (AAPOR Codes)
(M9-SUARE 2)
N
Mean
Minimum
Maximum
To al
1,321
2.8
0
14
In e iew [1.0]
774
3.2
1
11
Non-con ac [2.2]
63
3.5
1
11
So e usal [2.351]
355
2.0
0
13
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
E ec s o Field Measu es a Household Le el
As desc ibed in chap e 3.1.2.3, se e al ield measu es we e implemen ed in he
2022 su ey o inc ease esponse a es. The e ec s o he measu es implemen ed
a he household le el a e desc ibed in he ollowing.
Le e o Non-con ac s
A wo imes du ing he ield pe iod, le e s o non-con ac s on he household
le el we e sen o household heads which could no be eached by an in e iewe ,
eques ing a con ac da a upda e. In o al, 840 households ecei ed such a le e
and 193 o hese households (23.0 pe cen ) could be eached and in e iewed in
he ollowing weeks. The upda e eques did no elici a huge eac ion wi h 129
households (15.4 pe cen ), who upda ed hei con ac da a. Ne e heless, com-
pa ed o he espec i e g oup in he panel samples M3-M6 (wi hou an accom-
pagnying mail) he esponse was much highe . Also, hese households had a
highe esponse a e in he household in e iew wi h 28.7 pe cen compa ed o
21.9 pe cen wi hou con ac da a upda e (see Table 88).
Tabelle 88 Resul s Le e o Non-con ac s a Household Le el (M9)
Le e o non-con ac s To al Household in e iew
(ma ix) ealized
Household in e iew
(ma ix) no ealized
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample le e o non-con ac s
840
100.0
193
23.0
647
77.0
No upda e con ac da a
711
100.0
156
21.9
555
78.1
Con ac da a upda ed
129
100.0
37
28.7
92
71.3
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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3.2.3.3 Pa icipa ion a Indi idual Le el
The ollowing Table 89 desc ibes he esul s o he 2023 wa e a indi idual le el
acco ding o he SOEP-AAPOR classi ica ion, b oken down by subsample.
Tabelle 89 Pa icipa ion a Indi idual Le el by Subsample (AAPOR Codes) (M9)
Indi idual Le el
To al
M9-REF
p e- ec ui ed
M9-REF non-
p e- ec ui ed
M9-SUARE 1
M9-SUARE 2
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample 9,132 100.0 4,042
100.0 925 100.0 2,748 100.0 1,417 100.0
In e iew [1.0]
7,635
83.6
3,231
79.9
742
80.2
2,422
88.1
1,240
87.5
Comple e [1.1]
7,635
83.6
3,231
79.9
742
80.2
2,422
88.1
1,240
87.5
Non-In e iew [2.0] 1,497 16.4 811
20.1 183 19.8 326 11.9 177 12.5
Tempo a y d opou
1,374
15.0
746
18.5
167
18.1
300
10.9
161
11.4
B eak-o [2.12]
188
2.1
114
2.8
23
2.5
30
1.1
21
1.5
Non-con ac [2.21]
455
5.0
234
5.8
65
7.0
98
3.6
58
4.1
Tempo a y physically
o men ally unable/in-
compe en [2.321]
30
0.3
17
0.4
1
0.1
11
0.4
1
0.1
Language P oblem
[2.331]
28
0.3
22
0.5
2
0.2
3
0.1
1
0.1
So e usal [2.351]
673
7.4
359
8.9
76
8.2
158
5.7
80
5.6
Final D opou
123
1.3
65
1.6
16
1.7
26
0.9
16
1.1
Pe manen e usal
[2.111]
88
1.0
55
1.4
10
1.1
12
0.4
11
0.8
Dead [2.31]
1
0.0
-
-
-
-
1
0.0
-
-
Pe manen ly physically
o men ally unable/in-
compe en [2.322]
27
0.3
9
0.2
5
0.5
10
0.4
3
0.2
Mo ed ab oad [4.2] 7 0.1 1
0.0 1 0.1 3 0.1 2 0.1
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
O he 9,132 adul household membe s o be in e iewed, 7,635 comple ed an in-
e iew. This co esponds o an o e all esponse a e o 83.6 pe cen . The majo i y
o non-pa icipan s can be ca ego ized as so e usals and non-con ac s. Only 1.3
pe cen o he g oss sample d opped ou pe manen ly.
As a he household le el, i can also be seen he e ha people om subsamples
M9-SUARE 1 and 2 a e easie o mo i a e o pa icipa e han in he subsamples o
M9-REF wi h a esponse a e o a ound 88 compa ed o 80 pe cen . This is due o a
highe sha e o so e usals and non-con ac s in he M9-REF subsamples.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 117
PUNR – Pa ial Uni Non- esponse
Compa ed o he panel samples M3-M6, he M9 subsamples show a lowe o e all
pa ial uni non- esponse (PUNR) o 36.7 pe cen . This is mainly due o he sub-
samples M9-SUARE 1 and 2 which ha e a PUNR below 30 pe cen . The M9-Re sub-
samples on he o he hand a e a he close o he panel samples wi h 40 o 44
pe cen (see Table 90).
Tabelle 90 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by Subsample (M9)
Household Le el
To al
M9-REF
p e- ec ui ed
M9-REF non-
p e- ec ui ed
M9-SUARE 1
M9-SUARE 2
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample* 3,058 100.0 1,328
100.0 293 100.0 926 100.0 511 100.0
household pa ly eali-
zed (PUNR)
1,121
36.7
586
44.1
118
40.3
276
29.8
141
27.6
household comple ely
ealized
1,937
63.3
742
55.9
175
59.7
650
70.2
370
72.4
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Sha e o households wi h mo e han one adul household membe .
As in he panel samples, he mo e people li ing in he household, he mo e di i-
cul i is o ully ealize a household. As he numbe o membe s inc eases, he
p opo ion o ully ealized household dec eases con inuously. Among wo pe son
households, 70.5 pe cen we e ully ealized; his igu e d ops o 31.4 pe cen wi h
ou o mo e membe s.
Tabelle 91 Pa ial Uni Non- esponse by Size o Household (M9)
Household Le el
To al
2 pe son
household
3 pe son
household
4 o mo e pe son
household
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
G oss sample*
3,058
100.0
2,241
100.0
540
100.0
277
100.0
Household pa ly eali-
zed (PUNR)
1,121 36.7 660 29.5 271 50.2
190 68.6
Household comple ely
ealized
1,937 63.3 1,581 70.5 269 49.8
87 31.4
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
*Sha e o households wi h mo e han one adul household membe .
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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E ec s o Field Measu es a Indi idual Le el
As a he household le el, se e al ield measu es we e implemen ed a he indi-
idual le el, whose e ec s a e desc ibed in he ollowing.
Swi ch o CAWI
As in he panel samples, all esponden s wishing o answe he ques ionnai es
online ecei ed a le e wi h access in o ma ion o he online su ey (CAWI
swi ch). These CAWI swi ch le e s we e sen o 449 adul household membe s
h oughou he ield pe iod (see Table 92). Wi h 59.9 pe cen he CAWI pa icipa-
ion was mo e han wice as high as in he panel samples, which means he swi ch
was much less used as hidden e usal in he e eshmen sample. Almos hal o
he in e iews we e ealized p io o he i s ollow-up le e . Ano he 10.7 pe -
cen could be ealized a e he eminde s, wi h he highes boos gi en by he i s
ollow-up le e . The o he wo eminde s only had mino e ec s.
Tabelle 92 Resul s o Swi ch o CAWI a Indi idual Le el (M9)
Swi ch o CAWI Adul pa icipan s (bo n up o 2005)
abs. in %
Realized p io o i s ollow-up le e
221
49.2
Realized p io o second ollow-up le e
255
56.8
Realized p io o hi d ollow-up le e
266
59.2
Realized un il end o ieldwo k phase
269
59.9
G oss Sample
449
100.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Re usal Con e sion ia CAWI
Addi ionally, like in he panel samples so e usals and non-con ac s on he indi-
idual le el we e sen access in o ma ion o he online su ey as pa o he e-
usal con e sion le e s a wo poin s in he cou se o he ieldwo k. In he M9
subsamples a o al o 1,075 adul household membe s ecei ed such a le e . Like
wi h he CAWI swi ch he esponse a e in he e eshmen sample was much
highe han in he panel sample wi h 14.6 pe cen ealized in CAWI and 2.6 pe -
cen in o he modes (see Table 93).
Tabelle 93 Resul s o Re usal Con e sion ia CAWI a Indi idual Le el (M9)
Re usal con e sion (CAWI)
Adul pa icipan s (bo n up o 2005)
abs.
in %
To al 1,075 100.0
Realized in CAWI
157
14.6
Realized in o he mode 28 2.6
No ealized
890
82.8
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 125
Design
Fo he s udy, a ac o ial su ey design ( igne es) was implemen ed. In addi ion,
a sho lis expe imen was included as well as a sho ques ionnai e, including
in o ma ion on he in en ions o s ay o e u n, he employmen s a us and gen-
e al a i udes. In o de o be able o analyze he de elopmen o hei in en ions
and a i udes, he online su ey was conduc ed a h ee measu emen poin s o
each esponden (wa es 1 o 3). The ques ionnai e emained he same, only he
igne es p esen ed changed. The ieldwo k phases o he h ee anches a e dis-
played in Figu e 7.
Abbildung 7 O e iew Fieldwo k Phases (Follow-up Online Su ey)
2023 2024
T anche 3
Wa e 1
T anche 1
Wa e 1
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
T anche 2
Wa e 1
T anche 1
Wa e 2
T anche 1
Wa e 3
T anche 2
Wa e 2
T anche 2
Wa e 3
T anche 3
Wa e 2
T anche 3
Wa e 3
Dispa ch
Follow-Up
Dispa ch
Follow-Up
Dispa ch
Follow-Up
Dispa ch
Follow-Up
cw
Dispa ch
Follow-Up
Dispa ch
Follow-Up
Dispa ch
Follow-Up
Dispa ch
Follow-Up
Sou ce: in as, own igu e
The ques ionnai e s a ed wi h i e andomly assigned igne es, d awn om a
o al o 216 igne es. The igne es desc ibe di e en ic ional bu ealis ic sce-
na ios o o e s o oca ional aining in Ge many. They a y in he dimensions
o sec o , leng h o aining, wage du ing oca ional aining and a e wa ds,
wo king hou s, equi ed Ge man language skills, and isk o unemploymen . Fo
each scena io, he esponden s we e asked how likely i is ha hey would accep
he o e ed job desc ibed in he scena io, how con iden hey a e wi h ha deci-
sion and how use ul hey hink his kind o oca ional aining would be o a
u u e occupa ion in Ge many and Uk aine.
This was ollowed by a lis expe imen abou easons o accep ing o ejec ing a
job o e . Fo his he esponden s we e di ided in o wo g oups. One g oup was
asked o easons in a ou o accep ing a job o e (posi i e wo ding). The o he
g oup was asked o easons o ejec ing a job o e (nega i e wo ding). Wi hin
hese wo g oups all esponden s we e andomly assigned o one o wo ea -
men g oups, ecei ing an addi ional eason o accep ing o ejec ing a job o e ,
o o he con ol g oup. Such a lis expe imen , whe e he esponden s only speci y
how many o he p esen ed esponse op ions i o hem, is in ended o educe
social desi abili y bias. Subsequen ly, he ques ions on in en ions o s ay and e-
u n, employmen s a us and pe sonal a i udes we e asked.

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 126
The whole communica ion in he ollow-up su ey was adminis e ed ia e-mail.
A ailable languages we e Ge man, Uk ainian and Russian, which we e assigned
acco ding o he in e iew language in he main su ey. An ad ance le e was
sen wi h he s a o each anche. Follow-up le e s we e sen wo weeks la e o
all esponden s, who did no ye pa icipa e (see Figu e 7). Tempo a y d opou s
we e s ill con ac ed a all u he measu emen poin s and asked again o pa ic-
ipa e. Following he hi d wa e, a hank-you le e was sen o e e yone who pa -
icipa ed in a leas one o he wa es. A mone a y incen i e was no included o
he ollow-up su ey.
Resul s
Table 105 p o ides an o e iew comple ed in e iews and b eak-o s ac oss all
h ee wa es and anches. O e all, a o al o 2,460 in e iews we e comple ed and
415 we e cancelled du ing he cou se o he su ey.
Tabelle 105 Comple ed In e iews and B eak-o s by T anche and Wa e
(Follow-up Online Su ey)
To al
Wa e 1
Wa e 2
Wa e 3
Comple e
B eak-o
Comple e
B eak-o
Comple e
B eak-o
Comple e
B eak-o
To al
2,460
415
986
132
767
157
707
126
T anche 1
463
74
181
27
133
24
149
23
T anche 2
1,157
192
449
56
377
80
331
56
T anche 3
840
149
356
49
257
53
227
47
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Table 106 shows he comple ed in e iews by wa es and anches. The coope a-
ion a e s a s a 40.0 pe cen in he i s wa e, hen alls o 31.1 pe cen in he
second wa e and d ops only sligh ly o 28.7 pe cen in he las wa e. The de el-
opmen o comple ions is simila in anches 2 and 3. In anche 1, howe e , i
does no all cons an ly bu ises again o 34.6 pe cen in wa e 3. Howe e , he
esponse a e no only dec eases as he numbe o wa es inc eases, bu also wi h
each anche.
Tabelle 106 Response Ra e by Wa e and T anche (Follow-up Online Su ey)
To al
T anche 1
T anche 2
T anche 3
abs.
%
abs.
%
abs.
%
abs.
%
To al
2,465
100.0
431
100.0
1,131
100.0
903
100.0
Wa e 1 986 40.0 181 41.9 449 39.7 356 39.4
Wa e 2
767
31.1
133
30.9
377
33.3
257
28.5
Wa e 3
707
28.7
149
34.6
331
29.3
227
25.1
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 127
Table 107 o Table 109 di e en ia e he comple ions acco ding o whe he he e-
sponden s ook pa in he su ey be o e o a e ecei ing he ollow-up le e .
The p opo ion o people who ook pa in he su ey be o e he ollow-up le e
dec eases wi h each wa e. While jus unde a hi d o he cases we e comple ed
in he i s wa e a e he in i a ions we e sen ou , his igu e was jus unde a
qua e in he second wa e. In he hi d wa e, one i h o esponden s accep ed
he in i a ion o ake pa in he su ey di ec ly.
Tabelle 107 P og ession o Response Wa e 1 by T anche (Follow-up Online Su ey)
Cumula ed esponse To al T anche 1 T anche 2 T anche 3
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
Realized p io o
ollow-up le e
745
30.2
135
31.3
325
28.7
285
31.6
Realized un il end o
ieldwo k phase
986
40.0
181
41.9
449
39.7
356
39.4
G oss Sample 2,465
100.0 431 100.0 1,131 100.0
903 100.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
The eminde e-mails led o an inc ease in comple ions in each wa e. In wa e 1,
u he 9.8 pe cen o he o al sample was comple ed. In wa e 2, he igu e was
only 7.3 pe cen . In wa e 3, ano he 8.8 pe cen we e comple ed a e he ollow-
up le e . In wa e 1, he ollow-up le e s had he smalles e ec in anche 3 (7.8
pe cen age poin s). In he second wa e, he e ec o he ollow-up le e s was by
a he smalles in anche 1 (2.4 pe cen age poin s). In wa e 3, howe e , i was
s onges in he i s anche (10.2 pe cen age poin s). Ul ima ely, he esul s
show ha sending ollow-up le e s has a posi i e e ec on esponse a es.
Tabelle 108 P og ession o Response Wa e 2 by T anche (Follow-up Online Su ey)
Cumula ed esponse
To al
T anche 1
T anche 2
T anche 3
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
Realized p io o
ollow-up le e
586
23.8
123
28.5
293
25.9
170
18.8
Realized un il end o
ieldwo k phase
767
31.1
133
30.9
377
33.3
257
28.5
G oss Sample
2,465
100.0
431
100.0
1,131
100.0
903
100.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Tabelle 109 P og ession o Response Wa e 3 by T anche (Follow-up Online Su ey)
Cumula ed esponse
To al
T anche 1
T anche 2
T anche 3
abs. in % abs. in % abs. in % abs. in %
Realized p io o
ollow-up le e
491
19.9
105
24.4
235
20.8
151
16.7
Realized un il end o
ieldwo k phase
707
28.7
149
34.6
331
29.3
227
25.1
G oss Sample
2,465
100.0
431
100.0
1,131
100.0
903
100.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 128
Table 110 illus a es how many esponden s ook pa in how many wa es. The
size o he g oups di e s only ma ginally. A o al o 1,260 people (51.1 pe cen )
ook pa in he ollow-up su ey a leas once. The o he 48.9 pe cen o he peo-
ple con ac ed did no ake pa a all.
Tabelle 110 F equency o Pa icipa ion by T anche (Follow-up Online Su ey)
To al T anche 1 T anche 2 T anche 3
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
abs.
in %
To al
2,465
100.0
431
17.5
1,131
45.9
903
36.7
No espondance 1,205
48.9 194 16.1 546 45.3
465 38.6
Respondance in
one wa e
457
18.5
83
18.2
200
43.8
174
38.1
Respondance in
wo wa es
406
16.5
82
20.2
198
48.8
126
31.0
Respondance in
h ee wa es
397
16.1
72
18.1
187
47.1
138
37.8
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
Table 111 p o ides an o e iew o he du a ions o comple ed in e iews acco d-
ing o he wa es and anches. The a e age du a ion in wa e 1 is 14.6 minu es.
Wi h each addi ional wa e he a e age su ey du a ion dec eases in each anche.
In wa e 3, he a e age p ocessing ime is hen only 12.2 minu es.
Tabelle 111 In e iew Leng h by Wa e and T anche (Mean in Minu es)
(Follow-up Online Su ey)
To al
T anche 1
T anche 2
T anche 3
Wa e 1
14.6
15.1
14.7
14.1
Wa e 2
13.2
13.2
13.1
13.4
Wa e 3
12.2 12.8 12.3 11.8
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
In addi ion o 2,460 comple ed in e iews o e he h ee wa es (see Table 105),
he e we e ano he 415 in e iews, which we e b oken o a some poin be o e
he end o he ques ionnai e. 55 o he b eak-o s ook place in he in oduc ion
page o he ques ionnai e. By a he mos b eak-o s ook place in he i s i-
gne e (n = 199) and o e he o he igne es (n =116). The emaining b eak-o s
a e dis ibu ed ac oss he es o ques ionnai e (n = 45).
Table 112 p o ides an o e iew o he in e iew b eak-o s acco ding o he wa es
and anches. In anche 1, he b eak-o s dec ease cons an ly wi h each wa e. In
he o he wo anches, he e we e mo e b eak-o s in wa e 2. This is pa icula ly
no iceable in anche 2. He e, he b eak-o a e ose om 4.3 pe cen in wa e 1 o
7.1 pe cen in wa e 2, only o all again o 4.3 pe cen in he hi d wa e.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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Tabelle 112 P opo ion o B eak-O s by Wa e and T anche
(Follow-up Online Su ey)
To al T anche 1 T anche 2 T anche 3
abs.
%
abs.
%
abs.
%
abs.
%
To al
2,465
100.0
431
100.0
1,131
100.0
903
100.0
Wa e 1
132
5.4
27
6.3
56
4.3
49
5.4
Wa e 2 157 6.4 24 5.6 80 7.1 53
5.9
Wa e 3
126
5.1
23
5.3
56
4.3
47
5.2
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
3.3 In e iewe Moni o ing
As in he main s udy, all in e iews a e e alua ed by in as h oughou he ield
pe iod and po en ial misbeha io is analyzed a in e iewe le el. The indica o s
conside ed he e a e he same as in he main s udy: s a is ical indica o s based on
he ne da a, especially du a ions, eedback om esponden s and supe iso s as
well as eco dings o in e iews and in aclus e co ela ion coe icien s (ICCs). Fo
mo e de ails see Chap e 2.3.
In e iewe s who a e ound o ha e conduc ed in e iews wi h anomalies du ing
he cou se o he ieldwo k a e con ac ed by he head o ope a ions and asked o
commen o ecei e indi idual coaching/ e aining. I espec i e o his, he a ail-
able sample in o ma ion is compa ed wi h he in o ma ion p o ided in he in e -
iew o all comple ed in e iews. The e is also a cons an e iew o he esponse
a e and he cou se o con ac .
The p opo ion o anomalous ins umen s in all comple ed ins umen s lays be-
ween 0.5 and 44.1 pe cen o he co esponding in e iewe s. A o al o 116 in-
e iewe s had a p opo ion o anomalous ins umen s o ze o o below one pe -
cen . O e all, 43 in e iewe s had a highe p opo ion o anomalous ins umen s
han 10 pe cen , al hough in mos cases his is due o e y apid in e iewing.
In he IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees addi ional analyses we e ca ied ou by
he IAB. The IAB in e iewe moni o ing ocusses on in e iew du a ions and a
ange o da a quali y indica o s such as answe pa e ns and i em non esponse.
A e he end o ieldwo k phase all in e iewe s wi h anomalies in hei in e -
iews we e discussed in a join mee ing. As a esul o his mee ing, one in e -
iewe (ID 20912) was iden i ied as c i ical due o s ong de ia ions in he s and-
a diza ion o he in e iew, sho in e iew du a ions and a lack o willingness o
change his beha io . All ques ionnai es adminis e ed by his in e iewe we e ex-
cluded om he inal da a deli e y.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 130
3.4 Da a Deli e y
As in he main s udy, bi-weekly ield epo s we e deli e ed h oughou he ield-
wo k phase (calenda week 31 in 2023 o calenda week 3 in 2024) o illus a e he
p og ess o he ieldwo k.
The su ey da a was deli e ed in wo in e im da a deli e ies du ing he ieldwo k
phase and one inal da a deli e y a e he end o he ield phase. The i s in e im
da a deli e y, ans e ed on 25 Augus 2023, con ained he uncleaned ne da a
and p elimina y me hodological and g oss da a. The second in e im da a deli e y,
con aining uncleaned and en iched ne da a as well as p elimina y me hodologi-
cal and g oss da a, was ans e ed on 13 Decembe 2023.
The inal da a deli e y, con aining uncleaned and en iched ne da a as well as he
inal e sions o me hodological and g oss da a, was ans e ed on 27 Feb ua y
2024. The inal da a deli e y also con ained he co esponding in as360 geoda a.
The mic om geoda a was deli e ed on 18 June 2024.
The deli e ed da ase s a e lis ed in de ail in he ollowing Table 113. A de ailed
desc ip ion o da a cleaning and p ocessing in all subsamples can be ound in
Chap e 2.4.1.

Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 131
Tabelle 113 Da a Deli e y (M3-M9)
Da a se
Desc ip ion
G oss da a
soep-co e-2023-hb u o.d a
G oss da a se household sample
soep-co e-2023-pb u o.d a
G oss da a se indi idual sample
soep-co e-2023-hhma ix.d a
Da a se household ma ix
soep-co e-2023- elma ix.d a
Da a se ela ionship ma ix
soep-co e-2023-in as360.d a
Geoda a om he in as360 da ase
soep-co e-2023-mic om.d a
Geoda a Mic om
soep-co e-2023-mic om-koo dina-
en.d a
Geo-coo dina e o he esiden ial add ess based on Mic om
Ne da a
soep-co e-2023- o abku z- e
P e- ec ui men su ey
soep-co e-2023-hh- e
Household REF
soep-co e-2023-gs
G ip s engh es
soep-co e-2023-p- e
Indi idual REF
soep-co e-2023-pe2
Indi idual CORE
soep-co e-2023-camces
CAMCES
soep-co e-2023- luch ou e
Fligh Rou e
soep-co e-2023-ju2
You h
soep-co e-2023-ll- e
Biog aphy REF
soep-co e-2023-ll2
Biog aphy CORE
soep-co e-2023-l2
Gap
soep-co e-2023-ki-2
Child
Me hodological da a
soep-co e-2023-con ac
Con ac his o y da a se
soep-co e-2023-ins umen a ion
Ins umen a ion da a se
soep-co e-2023-in band
In e iewe da a se
soep-co e-2023-kon ex
Con ex da a se
soep-co e-2023-wuma
Da a se esiden ial en i onmen ques ionnai e
Time s amp da a se s (n = 12)
Time s amp da a se s
soep-co e-2023-qlogeachlog
Language change da a se
Sou ce: in as
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
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4 SOEP-IS
4.1 Panel Samples (E1, E2, I1-I6)
The SOEP-IS 2023 panel sample su ey began in May 2023 and ended in No em-
be 2023. 3,189 households we e con ac ed du ing his pe iod, o which 1,941
household ook pa . The in e iews we e conduc ed in he ollowing modes:
– Compu e Assis ed Pe sonal In e iew (CAPI)
– Compu e Assis ed Sel -adminis e ed In e iew (CASI)
– Compu e Assis ed Web In e iew (CAWI)
Wi hin he pa icipa ing households, a o al o 2,400 indi idual in e iews we e
conduc ed. In addi ion, pa en s p o ided in o ma ion on 276 child en.
Table 114 below p esen s he key pa ame e s o he 2023 su ey, which will be
discussed in mo e de ail in he ollowing chap e s.
Tabelle 114 Summa y Fieldwo k (E1, E2, I1-I6)
SOEP-IS 2023: Subsamples E1, E2, I1-I6
Mode
Mixed-Mode design: CAPI, CAWI, CASI
Implemen a ion pe iod
No embe 2022 un il Ma ch 2024
Fieldwo k phase
May (CW 17) 2023 – No embe 2023 (CW 48 2023)
Ta ge Popula ion
Households wi h ollow-up concep o all household membe s (na-
ionwide)
Sample
Panel sample:
− all households om p e ious wa es wi hou panel e usal
− minus e oca ions in he mean ime
G oss sample
(household le el)
To al n = 3,189, o which:
n = 2,126 epea e
n = 1,063 empo a y d opou
n = 51 new households (spli )
Su ey ins umen s
– Household ques ionnai e (CAPI, CASI, CAWI)
– Indi idual ques ionnai e (CAPI, CASI, CAWI)
– Biog aphy ques ionnai e (CAPI, CASI, CAWI)
– In eg a ed child ques ionnai e (CAPI, CASI, CAWI)
– Inno a i e Modules (CAPI, CASI, CAWI)
Ques ionnai e du a-
ions
–
Household ques ionnai e: Ø 9.9 min.
– Indi idual ques ionnai e: Ø 24.1 min.
– Biog aphy ques ionnai e: Ø 10.0 min.
– Child ques ionnai e: Ø 2.3 min.
– Inno a i e Modules Ø appox. 30-40 min.
14
14 Depending on he se o modules
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Comple ed
in e iews
Household Le el:
Households wi h in e iew: 1,941 (59.9 pe cen )
In e iewed households wi h household ques ionnai e and a leas
one indi idual ques ionnai e: 1,144 (35.3 pe cen )
Comple ed indi iduals bo n 2005 o ea lie : 2,400 (41.6 pe cen )
Incen i e
Incen i iza ion o all esponden s (up o coho 2005: 10 eu o)
T acking
P oac i e acking echniques:
− Panel main enance be ween su ey wa es (New Yea ’s Ca d o
household, bi hday ca d o adul s in households)
− Ad ance le e o he indi iduals in he panel sample
− Thank-you le e send o all pa icipan s wi h incen i e
− ee ho line
− S udy-speci ic e-mail-add ess
− S udy websi e
Add ess esea ch ia in o ma ion
− O he in e iew households/household membe s
− O he in e iewe s
− Add ess ac o y o he Deu sche Pos
− EWO esea ch ( egis a ion o ice acking)
− Telephone numbe esea ch
− Online add ess po al
In e iewe deploy-
men
255 in e iewe s om he ace- o- ace ield
In e iewe aining
(digi al o p esence)
CAPI:
− 6 ainings o in e iewe s wi h expe ience in he SOEP su ey
− 7 ainings o in e iewe s wi hou expe ience in he SOEP su -
ey
Sou ce: in as
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4.1.1 G oss Sample
In con as o SOEP-CORE and he IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees, only adul
household membe s (bo n up o 2005 in 2023) a e su eyed in SOEP-IS.
The g oss sample o he 2023 su ey is based on he esul s o he p e ious yea 's
wa e. In p inciple, all ac i e pa icipan s (households and household membe s)
om he p e ious wa e as well as he empo a y d opou s om his wa e - i.e.
hose who suspended hei pa icipa ion in 2022 - a e asked again in 2023 o pa -
icipa e in he s udy. Households o indi iduals who indica ed in 2022 ha hey
a e no longe willing o able o suppo he s udy in he subsequen wa es, on he
o he hand, will no longe pa icipa e in he s udy and do he e o e no ecei e
ano he in i a ion.
Table 115 p o ides an o e iew o he subsamples o SOEP-IS 2023. These subsam-
ples go back o 1998 wi h E1 and E2, a ha ime s ill pa o SOEP-CORE.
Tabelle 115 O e iew o he Subsamples (E1-E2, I1-I6)
Iden i ie Subsamples Yea o ini ial su ey Language
E1
Supplemen a y 1998/PAPI
1998
Ge man
E2
Supplemen a y 1998/CAPI
1998
Ge man
I1
Inno a ion sample 2009
2009
Ge man
I2 Supplemen a y Inno a ion sample 2012 2012
Ge man
I3
Supplemen a y Inno a ion sample 2013
2013
Ge man
I4
Supplemen a y Inno a ion sample 2014
2014
Ge man
I5 Supplemen a y Inno a ion sample 2016 2016
Ge man
I6
Supplemen a y Inno a ion sample 2020
2020
Ge man
Sou ce: in as
As a esul , 3,189 households o med he g oss sample o he 2023 su ey wa e
(see Table 116). O hese, 2,126 belonged o he epea edly su eyed households
and 1,063 households o he empo a y d opou s g oup. The able also shows how
many households belonged o each subsample. The ewes households we e in
he ea ly samples E1 and E2 wi h n=91 and n=80. All o he subsamples comp ised
be ween n=405 (I4) and n=652 (I6) households.
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Inno a i e Modules
The SOEP-IS 2023 also included ou een inno a i e modules. Those modules
deal wi h a a ie y o di e en opics, including wo k, clima e change and li e
e en s. These inno a i e modules wi h di e se esea ch in e es s and opics we e
in eg a ed in o he indi idual ques ionnai e a app op ia e poin s.
Tabelle 122 Assignmen o he Inno a i e Modules o he Subsamples (E1, E1, I1-
I6 & I7)
Module Su ey modes s a SOEP-IS subsamples
E1
E2
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
Imod1 Molleman- Social in o ma ion
use ac oss amilies15
CAPI, CASI
1,2
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Imod2 Mülle - E ec s o Li e E en s
on Bounda y Managemen
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
2
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Imod3 Leja aga - Loss A e sion CAPI, CASI,CAWI 1,2
√ √ √ √ √ √
Imod4 Span ig - Indi idual P e e ences
o T u h-Telling
CAPI (sel -adminis-
e ed), CASI, CAWI
1,2
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Imod5 Schmid pe i – Knobe-E ec
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
1
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Imod6 Schneide - Highe O de Risk
P e e ences
CAPI, CASI, CAWI 1,2 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Imod7 Bobzien - Digi al pla o ms and
li e sa is ac ion
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
1
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Imod8 Wömmel - Digi al Skills
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
1,2
√
√
√
√
√
√
Imod9 Bone a - Pe cei ed child penal-
ies and labo supply decisions16
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
1,2
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Imod10 Tuppa - Gende ole o ien a-
ions
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
1
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Imod 11 G aebe - Conse a ion Be-
ha io and Clima e Change
CAWI
1,2
√
Imod12 Menzne - Clima e Policy
CAPI, CASI, CAWI
1,2
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Imod13 Yang - Chinese In es men s CAPI (sel -adminis-
e ed), CASI, CAWI
2 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Imod14 Auspu g - Ea nings Vigne es
Module
CAPI (sel -adminis-
e ed), CASI, CAWI
1,2
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Sou ce: in as
A di e en subse o hese modules was de ined o each o he SOEP-IS subsam-
ples o keep he o e all ime equi ed o he esponden s wi hin easonable lim-
i s. Table 122 shows which subsamples ecei ed which inno a i e modules. All
membe s o a household, including new household membe s, ecei ed he same
subse o inno a i e modules.
Table 122 also shows special ea u es in he alloca ion o he subsamples o some
modules. Module 11 (“G aebe ”) only wen o he e eshe sample. The sub-
15 Only submi ed i child en be ween he ages o 6 and 13 li e in he household,
16 Only submi ed i a leas one pe son be ween he ages 18 and 40 li e in he household

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samples E1 and E2 ecei ed he ewes modules since hey did no ge he Modules
3 (“Leja aga”) and 10 (“Tuppa ”). The subsamples I5 and I6 did no ecei e he
Module 8 (“Wömmel”). The households o he e eshe sample did no ecei e he
Modules 3 (“Leja aga”), 4 (“Span ig”), 6 (“Schneide ”), 8 (“Wömmel”) and 12
(“Menzne ”).
In addi ion o he alloca ion a sample le el, ce ain modules we e also alloca ed
ia he addi ional a iable “s a ” a g oss sample le el. All hose wi h “s a =1”
did no ecei e Modules 2 (“Mülle ”) and 13 (“Yang”), while all hose wi h “s a =2”
we e excluded om Modules 5 (“Schmid pe i”), 7 (“Bobzien”) and 10 (“Tuppa ”).
All modules excep Module 1 (Molleman) we e adminis e ed in CAWI and all mod-
ules excep Module 11 (“G aebe ”) we e adminis e ed in CAPI esp. CASI. Howe e ,
in CAPI, Module 4 (“Span ig”), Module 13 (“Yang”) and Module 14 (“Auspu g”) an
as sel -adminis e ed modules. These h ee modules we e no sui able o in e -
iewe -adminis e ed implemen a ion due o hei ex -hea y na u e. They we e
comple ed independen ly by he esponden s on he in e iewe 's lap op.
The ollowing modules di e ed om he o he inno a i e modules:
Module 1 (“Molleman”) in ol ed answe ing a se ies o es ima ion ques ions. A
pic u e wi h many objec s was shown o six seconds a a ime (see Figu e 8). Fol-
lowing he p esen a ion o he pic u e, he esponden was asked o es ima e how
many objec s could be seen in he pic u e.
Abbildung 8 Example o an es ima ion ques ion o he Module “Molleman”
Sou ce: Module “Molleman”
All child en in he household aged 6 o 13 (bo n be ween 2010 and 2017) and one
o hei pa en s we e in e iewed. Which o he pa en s answe ed he module
was decided a andom in ad ance in he household ma ix. I he child en in he
ele an age g oup we e p esen a he in e iew da e and had gi en hei consen
o pa icipa e, he p ocedu e was as ollows:
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The indi idual in e iew o he pa en who was selec ed in he household ma ix
o answe began wi h his module. While he pa en comple ed his module,
which las ed a ound h ee minu es, independen ly, he child en p esen we e
gi en a child- iendly pen as a gi o ide hem o e . I possible, he child en o be
in e iewed should no be p esen when he pa en is in e iewed and la e when
hei siblings a e in e iewed, i.e. hey should be in ano he oom, o example.
When he pa en had inished he module, he in e iew wi h he child en began.
This was done indi idually and in a andom o de . The child en we e asked o an-
swe he module independen ly; i hey could only ead a li le hemsel es, he
in e iewe p o ided suppo .
The Module 11 (“G aebe ”) con ained a se ies o ques ions on clima e change and
was only adminis e ed o he e eshmen sample (see Chap e 4.2.2.2).
A he e y beginning o he module, esponden s we e asked o gi e hei bes
es ima e o he annual p obabili y o a majo hea wa e wi h global wa ming o
1.5 °C. I hei es ima e was wi hin 10 pe cen o he scien is s' p edic ion, hey
we e asked o gi e hei bes es ima e. I hei es ima e did no de ia e by mo e
han 10 pe cen om he scien is s' p edic ion, hey ecei ed an addi ional incen-
i e o 5 eu o wi h he hank-you le e . The esponden s we e assigned o a ea -
men and a con ol g oup. The o me g oup was asked an addi ional ques ion
abou hei es ima e: “The scien is s' es ima e is 21%. How does he scien is s' es-
ima e compa e wi h you expec a ions?”.
The es o he module included ques ions on a i udes owa ds clima e change
and assessmen s o a ious clima e and ene gy policy measu es. A he end o he
module, esponden s we e old whe he hey had p e iously made an accu a e
es ima e and whe he hey had ea ned he addi ional incen i e o 5 eu o.
The Module 14 (“Auspu g”) deal wi h ai ea nings (income) om gain ul em-
ploymen . I con ained igne es, i.e. sho desc ip ions o si ua ions ha we e
e alua ed. The igne es and ques ions we e alloca ed a andom: each espond-
en ecei ed a selec ion o 3 igne es om a la ge numbe o igne es.
Speci ically, he in e iewees in his module we e each p esen ed wi h 3 ic i ious
desc ip ions o people, which we e a ied expe imen ally in se e al cha ac e is-
ics. The pe sonal desc ip ions a ied ega ding gende , occupa ion, egion, wo k-
ing hou s, employmen s a us, wo k pe o mance i applicable, ma i al s a us,
numbe o child en and ea nings (g oss o ne ). Taking hese cha ac e is ics in o
accoun , he esponden s we e asked o answe ques ions o each o he h ee
ic i ious pe son desc ip ions, including how ealis ic and ai hey conside ed
hei g oss ea nings o be.
In o de no o place oo much o a bu den on he pa icipan s, hey we e ac i ely
asked in ad ance o he igne e module whe he hey would like o ake pa in
i . All esponden s who decided o pa icipa e ecei ed an addi ional incen i e o
5 eu o in cash wi h hei hank-you le e .
Fo example, a igne e module a he end o he indi idual ques ionnai e was
incen i ized wi h addi ional 5 eu o, p o ided i was comple ed. Ano he module
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wi h es ima ion ques ions was asked a he beginning o he in e iew wi h all
child en in he household aged 6 o 13 and a andomly selec ed pa en . The e was
also a module on clima e change, which was only gi en o people in he e eshe
sample and was incen i ized wi h addi ional 5 eu o i an es ima ion ques ion was
answe ed co ec ly.
4.1.2.3 Con ac ing and Communica ion
Va ious dispa ch measu es we e implemen ed du ing he ieldwo k o ensu e
he bes possible comple ion o he household and indi idual in e iews. The
con en o hese measu es is p esen ed below and hei impac in he ield is
e alua ed and desc ibed in each case.
Ad ance Le e
The ad ance le e s we e sen by mail o all esponden s known om he p e ious
su ey wa e, i.e. all household membe s bo n up o 2005. In he ad ance le e ,
he esponden s we e in o med abou he change o ins i u ion, he upcoming
con ac by he in e iewe , he app s udy, and da a p o ec ion. The 10 eu o incen-
i e o a comple ed in e iew was also men ioned.
The ad ance le e was ini ially sen a household le el o households ha we e
scheduled o s a di ec ly in CAWI mode. As can be seen in Table 123, a o al o
487 household heads we e con ac ed in his way. O hese, 78.4 pe cen ook pa .
A he indi idual le el, he ad ance le e was sen o n=4,857 pe sons. Mos o
hem s a ed in CAPI mode, bu some o hem also s a ed di ec ly in CAWI mode,
p o ided ha he espec i e household heads had comple ed hei household in-
e iew. A ound a qua e o he people (26.4 pe cen ) comple ed hei in e iew
in CAPI, 14.7 pe cen in CAWI and 0.1 pe cen in CASI. This means ha in n=2,853
cases no in e iew could be ealized as a esul o he ad ance le e .
Thank-you Le e
The hank-you le e s we e sen by mail om calenda week 25 2023 in a wo-
week cycle o people bo n up o 2004 who had p e iously success ully aken pa
in he SOEP-IS, i.e. who had comple ed hei indi idual in e iew ei he CAPI, CASI
o CAWI. The hank-you le e s we e accompanied by he incen i e, which could
be 10 eu o o 15 eu o in cash, depending on whe he he esponden s comple ed
he Module 14 “Auspu g” (see abo e).
Non-con ac Le e
The non-con ac le e was a measu e ha was used i he household could no be
eached. Households ecei ed his le e by mail i hey could no be eached a e
a leas six con ac a emp s. In he "No eached" le e , he pe sons we e in-
o med o he unsuccess ul con ac and asked o con ac in as by elephone o e-
mail o o upda e hei con ac de ails using an online add ess ool (OAT). These
le e s we e sen om week 26 2023 in a wo-week cycle.
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As can be seen in Table 123, his le e was sen o a o al o 72 households du ing
he ieldwo k phase. O hese, 34.8 pe cen comple ed hei in e iew, 18.1 pe -
cen in CAWI and 15.3 pe cen in CAPI and 1.4 pe cen in CASI. 47 households (65.3
pe cen ) ha had p e iously ecei ed his le e did no comple e he in e iew.
Tabelle 123 Resul o he Measu es o SOEP-IS 2023 a Household Le el (E1-E2, I1-
I6)
CAPI CAWI CASI No
comple ed
To al
Ad ance le e Panel
CAWI (Pos )
abs. - 382 - 105 487
in % - 78.4 - 21.6 100.0
Non-con ac le e
(Pos )
abs. 11 13 1 47 72
in % 15.3 18.1 1.4 65.3 100.0
CAWI-swi ch Le e abs. - 47 - 25 72
in % - 65.3 - 34.7 100.0
Con e sion le e
(Pos )
abs. 1 28 - 236 265
in % 0.4 10.6 - 89.1 100.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ion
CAWI-swi ch Le e
The CAWI-swi ch le e s we e sen ou on a weekly basis om calenda week 24
2023. All esponden s who had eques ed u he p ocessing in CAWI du ing hei
CAPI in e iew ecei ed he access da a o he websu ey wi h he swi ch le e .
They could decide in ad ance whe he hey wan ed o ecei e his le e by e-mail
o by mail. Bo h a ian s con ained he same ex ; in he e-mail, di ec pa icipa-
ion was possible by clicking on he su ey link. The su ey link was also p in ed
in he le e , and he websu ey could also be accessed di ec ly ia QR code.
Table 124 shows ha n=22 mail and n=324 e-mail swi ch le e s we e sen du ing
he ieldwo k phase. A ound a hi d (31.8 pe cen ) o he swi ch le e s by mail
and mo e han wo hi ds o he swi ch le e s by e-mail (67.9 pe cen ) esul ed in
he comple ion o he in e iew.
The head o he household could also ini ia e a swi ch o CAWI o he en i e
household. The CAWI-swi ch le e was hen sen o he head o household and
applied o he en i e household. A he household le el, he CAWI-swi ch le e
was sen o a o al o 72 households (see Table 124). A ound wo hi ds (65.3 pe -
cen ) o hose esul ed in he comple ion o he household in e iew.
Con e sion Le e
F om calenda week 28 2023, con e sion le e s we e sen by mail e e y wo
weeks a he household and he indi idual le el. These le e s we e sen hose in
he CAPI ield who had so ly e used and hose who could no be eached a leas
10 success ul con ac s. The con e sion le e con ained he access da a o he
websu ey in each case. The con e sion le e s we e ei he sen o he head o
household a he household le el o o indi idual pe sons om households whose
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household composi ion he espec i e head o household had a leas indica ed in
he household ma ix.
As can be seen in Table 123, his le e was sen o a o al o 265 households du ing
he ieldwo k phase. O hese, 11 pe cen comple ed hei in e iew, 10.6 pe cen
in CAWI and 0.4 pe cen in CAPI. 236 households (89.1 pe cen ) ha had p e i-
ously ecei ed his le e did no comple e he in e iew.
Table 124 shows ha ou o n=153 con e sion le e s sen on he indi idual le el,
n=15 (9.8 pe cen ) led o he comple ion o he in e iew. I should be no ed he e
ha he a ge g oup o his measu e was people who we e e y di icul o each
o e y di icul o mo i a e.
Fi s Reminde Le e
Like he swi ch le e s, he i s eminde le e s we e also sen by mail o e-mail,
depending on how he o iginal CAWI swi ch le e had been sen . The eminde s
we e sen o esponden s who had eques ed u he p ocessing in CAWI bu had
ei he no ye s a ed he websu ey o had in e up ed i . This eminde le e
was sen e e y wo weeks om calenda week 28 2023, one pe son ecei ed hei
eminde le e a he ea lies ou weeks a e he ini ial swi ch le e was sen .
The i s eminde le e was sen (Table 124) o n=16 people by mail and o n=262
people by e-mail. As a esul o he eminde by mail, a o al o 30.4 pe cen o
people ook pa , while 45.8 pe cen ook pa a e ecei ing he e-mail eminde .
Second Reminde Le e
The second eminde le e was sen in calenda week 31 2023. This eminde was
sen by mail o all esponden s who had swi ched o CAWI and who had no ye
ully pa icipa ed and had no ye e used o pa icipa e.
The second eminde le e was sen by e-mail o n=172 people, n=65 (37.8 pe -
cen ) o whom ook pa in he su ey (see Table 124).
Thi d Reminde Le e
The hi d eminde was sen in week 43 and week 45 2023, i.e. owa ds he end o
he ield pe iod. This eminde again was sen o all esponden s who had
swi ched o CAWI and who had no ye ully pa icipa ed and had no ye e used
o pa icipa e. To achie e a highe willingness o pa icipa ion, his eminde was
sen by mail wi h an enclosed cash incen i e o 5 eu o. In addi ion, an accompa-
nying le e was sen by e-mail a ew days a e he mailing. This e e ed o he
eminde by mail and once again eques ed pa icipa ion.
The eminde was sen by mail o n=460 pe sons (see Table 124). O hese, 34.3
pe cen ook pa . In 65.2 pe cen o cases, i was no possible o conduc an in e -
iew. The eminde ia e-mail was sen o 309 pe sons and o hese n=111 (35.9
pe cen ) did pa icipa e. This hi d eminde p o ed o be e y success ul, as mos
o he pa icipan s had al eady been eminded se e al imes.

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Tabelle 124 Resul o he Measu es o SOEP-IS 2023 a Indi idual Le el (E1-E2, I1-
I6)
CAPI CAWI CASI No
comple ed
To al
Ad ance le e Panel
(Pos )
abs.
1,283
715
6
2,853
4,857
in %
26.4
14.7
0.1
58.7
100.0
CAWI-Swi ch le e
(Pos )
abs. -
7
-
15
22
in %
-
31.8
-
68.2
100.0
CAWI-Swi ch le e (e-
mail)
abs.
13
207
-
104
324
in %
4.0
63.9
-
32.1
100.0
Con e sion le e
abs.
-
15
-
138
153
in %
-
9.8
-
90.2
100.0
Fi s eminde (Pos )
abs.
-
7
-
16
23
in %
-
30.4
-
69.6
100.0
Fi s eminde (e-mail)
abs.
-
120
-
142
262
in %
-
45.8
-
54.2
100.0
Second eminde (Pos )
abs.
-
65
-
107
172
in %
-
37.8
-
62.2
100.0
Thi d eminde wi h 5
eu o p eincen i e (Pos )
abs.
2
158
-
300
460
in %
0.4
34.3
-
65.2
100.0
Thi d eminde (e-mail)
abs.
-
111
-
198
309
in %
-
35.9
-
64.1
100.0
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ions
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 148
4.1.2.4 In e iewe Deploymen
T aining o CAPI In e iewe s
The aining o he CAPI in e iewe s o SOEP-IS ook place in pa allel wi h he
aining o SOEP-CORE and he IAB-BAMF-SOEP Su ey o Re ugees. This decision
was made based on he g ea simila i ies be ween he h ee SOEP s udies. A he
same ime, i was decisi e ha all in e iewe s deployed in SOEP-CORE we e also
deployed in SOEP-IS a he same ime - i he e we e add esses in hei a ea - and
hus had o be ained in bo h s udies. Fo a mo e de ailed desc ip ion o he CAPI
aining, please e e o Chap e 2.1.2.5.
The in e iewe s we e ained on all aspec s o SOEP-IS, he aining co e ed he
ollowing con en :
– s udy design: backg ound and a ge g oup
– all ques ionnai es o he s udy
– o e iew o he su ey modes
– a glance a he su ey ins umen s
A ound one hou was se aside o SOEP-IS-speci ic con en in he second pa o
he aining. In pa icula , he di e ences o SOEP-CORE and he special ea u es
o SOEP-IS we e discussed.
Face- o- ace In e iewe s
As Table 125 shows, a o al o n=255 in e iewe s we e deployed in he CAPI ield
o SOEP-IS. O e all, he gende a io is almos balanced, al hough mo e men wo k
in he CAPI ield (59.8 pe cen ) and mo e women in he CATI ield (56.9 pe cen ).
A 37.6 pe cen , he p opo ion o in e iewe s unde he age o 50 is almos ou
imes highe among CATI in e iewe s han among CAPI in e iewe s (9.7 pe -
cen ). On he o he hand, he p opo ion o o e -65s among CAPI in e iewe s is
wice as high as among CATI in e iewe s a 54.0 pe cen .
In e ms o expe ience wi h in as, he wo g oups o in e iewe s di e only
sligh ly, wi h he majo i y ha ing wo yea s o less expe ience (42.8 pe cen ) and
a ound a hi d (34.0 pe cen ) ha ing six o mo e yea s o expe ience wo king o
in as.
Looking a he o e all school educa ion o he in e iewe s, o e hal (51.7 pe -
cen ) ha e a highe educa ion en ance quali ica ion. Fu he mo e, 24.7 pe cen
o he in e iewe s ha e an in e media e seconda y school quali ica ion and 14.4
pe cen ha e an ad anced echnical college ce i ica e. Meanwhile, he CAPI and
CATI in e iewe s di e ed only sligh ly in hei educa ional backg ound.
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 149
Tabelle 125 Cha ac e is ics o he In e iewe S a (E1-E2, I1-I6)
Cha ac e is ics
To al
abs.
in %
Numbe o In e iewe s
255
100.0
Gende
Male
156
61.18
Female
98
38.43
O he , no lis ed gende
1
0.39
Age
Up o 29 yea s
2
0.78
30-49 yea s
16
6.27
50-65 yea s
89
34.90
O e 65 yea s
148
58.04
Expe ience wi h in as
2 yea s o less
77
30.20
3 - 5 yea s
80
31.37
6 – 10 yea s
46
18.04
10 yea s and longe
52
20.39
Highes school quali ica ion
Lowe seconda y school quali ica ion/ p ima y school ce i ica e/ poly-
echnic seconda y school quali ica ion
18
7.06
In e media e seconda y school quali ica ion/ oca ional ex ension ce -
i ica e
63
24.71
Ad anced echnical college ce i ica e
44
17.25
Abi u / highe educa ion en ance quali ica ion
128
50.20
O he school quali ica ion
1
0.39
No school quali ica ion (ye )
1
0.39
No speci ied
18
7.06
Sou ce: in as, own calcula ions
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Page 150
4.1.3 Resul s
4.1.3.1 Pa icipa ion a Household Le el
This chap e deals wi h pa icipa ion a household le el, di e en ia ed acco ding
o SOEP-AAPOR codes.
Due o he dynamic panel concep , he size o he g oss sample, wi h i s o iginal
size o n=3,189 (see Chap e 4.1.1), inc eased om du ing he ieldwo k. A he end
o he ieldwo k o he 2023 su ey wa e, 51 new households had been added.
These households we e due o people who mo ed ou o panel households, which
o m so-called spli households in he SOEP and we e also su eyed as pa o he
panel. Acco dingly, he g oss sample a he end o he ieldwo k phase comp ised
a o al o n=3,240 households. O hese, n=1,941 households we e comple ed,
which co esponds o 59.9 pe cen o he g oss sample (see Table 126). Based only
on he pa icipan s o he p e ious wa e, he esponse a e was highe a 74.6 pe -
cen and conside ably lowe o empo a y d opou s (33.3 pe cen ). O he n=51
new households ha had o med as spli households, he e we e only 2 pa ial
pa icipa ions [2,353 acco ding o AAPOR].
Mo e han hal (58.5 pe cen ) o all comple ed households [1.0 acco ding o AA-
POR] we e ully comple ed [1.11 acco ding o AAPOR], 34.1 pe cen we e pa ially
comple ed [1.21 acco ding o AAPOR]. The emaining 6.9 pe cen we e pa ial due
o a missing household ques ionnai e o missing da a [2.353 and 2.354 acco ding
o AAPOR].
The n=1,299 no comple ed households [2.0 acco ding o AAPOR] a e mos ly so
e use s [2,351 acco ding o AAPOR] wi h 37.5 pe cen , pe manen e usal [2,111
acco ding o AAPOR] wi h 26.2 pe cen and non-con ac [2.20 acco ding o AAPOR]
wi h 12.6 pe cen . A a ound 73 pe cen , he p opo ion o so e usals is as high
in he g oup o empo a y d opou s as in he g oup o pa icipa ing households
om he las wa e. Meanwhile, he p opo ion o pe manen e usals in he g oup
o empo a y d opou s is sligh ly highe (28.1 pe cen ) han in he g oup o pa ic-
ipa ing households om he las wa e (22.4 pe cen ).
A achmen Page 77
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Sei e 2
Wo e hal en Sie wei e e In o ma ionen?
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An ede
Name
Ansch i
PLZ O
Bonn, Mona 2023
Seh geeh e F au …/Seh geeh e He …,
wi laden Sie ganz he zlich dazu ein, an de einziga igen wissenscha lichen S udie
„Leben in Deu schland“ eilzunehmen. Diese bundeswei e Be agung wi d be ei s
sei 1984 du chge üh , um gesellscha lich ele an e F agen zu bean wo en: Wie
ha sich das Leben de Menschen in Deu schland in den le z en Jah en e ände ?
Wie bewe en die Bü ge innen und Bü ge ih e wi scha liche und soziale Lage?
Und wie zu ieden sind sie mi ih em Leben?
We den Sie Teil de g öß en Langzei s udie zu den gesellscha lichen En wicklun-
gen in Deu schland.
„Leben in Deu schland“ ich e sich imme an den ganzen Haushal . Ein Mi glied Ih-
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Pe sonen eines Haushal s mi machen, en s eh ein olls ändiges Bild om Zusam-
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Als kleines Dankeschön e hal en Sie on uns nach de Teilnahme an de Be agung
10 Eu o in ba pe Pos .
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Wa um ge ade Sie?
Eine Pe son aus Ih em Haushal wu den zu ällig aus dem Melde egis e Ih e Ge-
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we den eingehal en. Wei e e In o ma ionen dazu en nehmen Sie bi e de beilie-
genden Da enschu ze klä ung.
We üh die S udie du ch?
De Au aggebe on „Leben in Deu schland“ is das Sozio-oekonomische Panel
(SOEP) am Deu schen Ins i u ü Wi scha s o schung (DIW Be lin). Du chge üh
wi d die S udie om in as Ins i u ü angewand e Sozialwissenscha .
Wo e hal en Sie wei e e In o ma ionen?
Fü F agen zu Teilnahme an de S udie s ehen wi Ihnen zu den üblichen Bü ozei-
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Nu zen Sie auch ge n unse e E-Mailad esse LiD@in as.de. Wei e e In o ma ionen zu
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Diese inden Sie un e www.leben-in-deu schland.de.
Machen Sie mi und sagen Sie uns, was Sie denken!
Wi euen uns au Ih e Teilnahme und bedanken uns he zlich ü Ih e Un e s ü -
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Mi eundlichen G üßen
P o . D . Sabine Zinn Do is Hess
Vize-Di ek o in des Be eichslei e in Sozial o schung
Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) in as Ins i u ü angewand e
am DIW Be lin Sozialwissenscha Bonn
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An ede
Name
Ansch i
PLZ O
Bonn, Mona 2023
Seh geeh e F au …/Seh geeh e He …,
wi laden Sie ganz he zlich dazu ein, an de einziga igen wissenscha lichen S udie
„Leben in Deu schland“ eilzunehmen. Diese bundeswei e Be agung wi d be ei s
sei 1984 du chge üh , um gesellscha lich ele an e F agen zu bean wo en: Wie
ha sich das Leben de Menschen in Deu schland in den le z en Jah en e ände ?
Wie bewe en die Bü ge innen und Bü ge ih e wi scha liche und soziale Lage?
Und wie zu ieden sind sie mi ih em Leben?
We den Sie Teil de g öß en Langzei s udie zu den gesellscha lichen En wicklun-
gen in Deu schland.
„Leben in Deu schland“ ich e sich imme an den ganzen Haushal . Ein Mi glied Ih-
es Haushal s ha unse en F agebogen in diesem Jah be ei s bean wo e und Sie
als wei e es Haushal smi glied genann .
Ih e pe sönliche Teilnahme is ü uns seh wich ig, denn nu , wenn möglichs alle
Pe sonen eines Haushal s mi machen, en s eh ein olls ändiges Bild om Zusam-
menleben de Menschen in Deu schland.
Als kleines Dankeschön e hal en Sie be ei s je z 5 Eu o, die wi diesem Sch eiben
beigeleg haben. Im Anschluss an Ih e Teilnahme e hal en Sie ein wei e es Danke-
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Teilnehmen können Sie ganz ein ach online. Ve wenden Sie dazu bi e den olgen-
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<u lcawi>
Geben Sie do zum S a de Be agung bi e das olgende Passwo ein:
<pwdblock>
Wi euen uns, wenn Sie den Online agebogen bis zum 26.11.2023 aus üllen.
Wa um ge ade Sie?
Eine Pe son aus Ih em Haushal wu den zu ällig aus dem Melde egis e Ih e Ge-
meinde ü die Teilnahme ausgewähl (§46 BMG) und ha Sie im Rahmen de S udie
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we den eingehal en. Wei e e In o ma ionen dazu en nehmen Sie bi e de beilie-
genden Da enschu ze klä ung.
We üh die S udie du ch?
De Au aggebe on „Leben in Deu schland“ is das Sozio-oekonomische Panel
(SOEP) am Deu schen Ins i u ü Wi scha s o schung (DIW Be lin). Du chge üh
wi d die S udie om in as Ins i u ü angewand e Sozialwissenscha .
Wo e hal en Sie wei e e In o ma ionen?
Fü F agen zu Teilnahme an de S udie s ehen wi Ihnen zu den üblichen Bü ozei-
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Nu zen Sie auch ge n unse e E-Mailad esse [email p o ec ed]. Wei e e In o ma ionen zu
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Diese inden Sie un e www.leben-in-deu schland.de.
Machen Sie mi und sagen Sie uns, was Sie denken!
Wi euen uns au Ih e Teilnahme und bedanken uns he zlich ü Ih e Un e s ü -
zung.
Mi eundlichen G üßen
P o . D . Sabine Zinn Do is Hess
Vize-Di ek o in des Be eichslei e in Sozial o schung
Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) in as Ins i u ü angewand e
am DIW Be lin Sozialwissenscha Bonn
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An ede
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PLZ O
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Seh geeh e F au …/Seh geeh e He …,
wi haben uns seh übe Ih e Teilnahme an unse e S udie „Leben in Deu schland“
ge eu . He zlichen Dank, dass Sie sich die Zei da ü genommen haben.
Anbei übe mi eln wi Ihnen als Dankeschön ü Ih e Un e s ü zung 10 Eu o.
Ih e Kon ak da en haben sich geände ?
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Möglichkei en nu zen:
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<IF EEMETH =1>Wie anden Sie das In e iew?
Noch eine kleine Bi e: Au dem beiliegenden An wo bla inden Sie einige wenige
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inne halb de nächs en Tage im beiliegenden po o eien Rückumschlag zu ückzu-
schicken. <IF-ENDE>
Mi eundlichen G üßen und Ihnen wei e hin alles Gu e!
P o . D . Sabine Zinn Do is Hess
Vize-Di ek o in des Be eichslei e in Sozial o schung
Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) in as Ins i u ü angewand e
am DIW Be lin Sozialwissenscha Bonn
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
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<HYPLINK>
6 Thank-you Le e wi h 10 Eu o Incen i e

A achmen Page 83
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An ede
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Bonn, Mona 2023
Seh geeh e F au …/Seh geeh e He …,
wi haben uns seh übe Ih e Teilnahme an unse e S udie „Leben in Deu schland“
ge eu . He zlichen Dank, dass Sie sich die Zei da ü genommen haben.
Anbei übe mi eln wi Ihnen als Dankeschön ü Ih e Un e s ü zung 15 Eu o. En hal-
en sind dabei be ei s die 5 Eu o, die Sie im Rahmen de Be agung zusä zlich e hal-
en haben.
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Möglichkei en nu zen:
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Falls Sie Rück agen haben, können Sie sich un e den im B ie kop angegebenen
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<IF EEMETH =1>Wie anden Sie das In e iew?
Noch eine kleine Bi e: Au dem beiliegenden An wo bla inden Sie einige wenige
F agen zu dem ge üh en In e iew. Wi möch en Sie bi en, dieses auszu üllen und
inne halb de nächs en Tage im beiliegenden po o eien Rückumschlag zu ückzu-
schicken. <IF-ENDE>
Mi eundlichen G üßen und Ihnen wei e hin alles Gu e!
P o . D . Sabine Zinn Do is Hess
Vize-Di ek o in des Be eichslei e in Sozial o schung
Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) in as Ins i u ü angewand e
am DIW Be lin Sozialwissenscha Bonn
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
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<HYPLINK>
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An ede
Name
Ansch i
PLZ O
Bonn, Mona 2023
Seh geeh e F au …/Seh geeh e He …,
wi haben uns seh übe Ih e Teilnahme an unse e S udie „Leben in Deu schland“
ge eu . He zlichen Dank, dass Sie sich die Zei da ü genommen haben.
Anbei übe mi eln wi Ihnen als Dankeschön ü Ih e Un e s ü zung 20 Eu o. En hal-
en sind dabei be ei s zweimal 5 Eu o, die Sie zusä zlich im Rahmen de Be agung
gewonnen bzw. e hal en haben.
Ih e Kon ak da en haben sich geände ?
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uns übe Ände ungen Ih e Kon ak da en zu in o mie en. Dazu können Sie olgende
Möglichkei en nu zen:
–unse Po al un e <URL>
mi Ih em pe sönlichen Zugangscode <PASSWRDBLOCK>
–den QR-Code au de ech en Sei e
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–unse e kos en eie Tele onnumme 0800/66 77 876
Falls Sie Rück agen haben, können Sie sich un e den im B ie kop angegebenen
Kon ak da en ge ne jede zei an uns wenden.
<IF EEMETH =1>Wie anden Sie das In e iew?
Noch eine kleine Bi e: Au dem beiliegenden An wo bla inden Sie einige wenige
F agen zu dem ge üh en In e iew. Wi möch en Sie bi en, dieses auszu üllen und
inne halb de nächs en Tage im beiliegenden po o eien Rückumschlag zu ückzu-
schicken. <IF-ENDE>
Mi eundlichen G üßen und Ihnen wei e hin alles Gu e!
P o . D . Sabine Zinn Do is Hess
Vize-Di ek o in des Be eichslei e in Sozial o schung
Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) in as Ins i u ü angewand e
am DIW Be lin Sozialwissenscha Bonn
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
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Tel. 0800/66 77 876
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An ede
Name
Ansch i
PLZ O
Bonn, Mona 2023
Seh geeh e F au …/Seh geeh e He …,
wie on Ihnen gewünsch , senden wi Ihnen Ih e pe sönlichen Zugangsda en zu
Online-Be agung de S udie „Leben in Deu schland“. He zlichen Dank ü Ih e Un-
e s ü zung.
Wi bi en Sie, die F agen möglichs in den nächs en Tagen zu bean wo en. Selbs -
e s ändlich is Ih e Teilnahme eiwillig und alle gese zlichen Bes immungen des
Da enschu zes we den eingehal en.
Nachdem Sie den F agebogen ausge üll haben, e hal en Sie das angekündig e
Dankeschön in Höhe on 10 Eu o.
Sie e eichen die Be agung übe olgenden Link:
<u lcawi>
Geben Sie do zum S a de Be agung bi e das olgende Passwo ein:
<pwdblock>
Al e na i können Sie die Online-Be agung auch übe den QR-Code au de ech en
Sei e s a en.
Falls Sie echnische P obleme mi dem F agebogen ode ande e Rück agen haben
soll en, können Sie sich ge ne an uns wenden. Nu zen Sie dazu bi e die im B ie kop
angegebenen Kon ak da en.
Ganz he zlichen Dank ü Ih e Teilnahme!
Mi eundlichem G uß
P o . D . Sabine Zinn Do is Hess
Vize-Di ek o in des Be eichslei e in Sozial o schung
Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) in as Ins i u ü angewand e
am DIW Be lin Sozialwissenscha Bonn
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Pos ach 240101
53154 Bonn
Tel. 0800/66 77 876
[email p o ec ed]
www.leben-in-deu schland.de
7708/S_02a/2023
QR-Code
<q cawi>
3.2 Fieldwo k Measu es
1 Le e a e Mode-Swi ch CAWI
A achmen Page 86
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Pos ach 24 01 01
53154 Bonn
Tel. 0800/66 77 876
LiD@in as.de
www.leben-in-deu schland.de
Haben sich Ih e
Kon ak da en geände ?
Hie gelangen Sie zum in as-
Online-Po al
www.leben-in-deu schland.de
Leben in Deu schland
{{pa ams.An ede}} {{pa ams.Name}},
wie on Ihnen gewünsch , senden wi
Ihnen Ih e pe sönlichen Zugangsda en zu
Online-Be agung de S udie „Leben in
Deu schland“. He zlichen Dank ü Ih e
Un e s ü zung.
Wi bi en Sie he zlich, die F agen
möglichs in den nächs en Tagen zu
bean wo en. Selbs e s ändlich is Ih e
Teilnahme eiwillig und alle gese zlichen
Bes immungen des Da enschu zes
we den eingehal en.
Nachdem Sie den F agebogen ausge üll haben, e hal en Sie das angekündig e
Dankeschön in Höhe on 10 Eu o.
Um die Be agung di ek zu s a en, klicken Sie bi e hie :
Zu Online Be agung
Falls Sie echnische P obleme mi dem F agebogen ode ande e Rück agen haben
soll en, können Sie sich ge ne an uns wenden. Nu zen Sie dazu bi e die angegebenen
Kon ak da en.
Ganz he zlichen Dank ü Ih e Teilnahme!
Mi eundlichem G uß
P o . D . Sabine Zinn
Vize-Di ek o in des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) am DIW Be lin
Do is Hess
Be eichslei e in Sozial o schung, in as Ins i u ü angewand e Sozialwissenscha GmbH, Bonn
7708/S_02b/2023/{{pa ams.l d}}/{{pa ams.p ojid}}
Leben in Deu schland
Tel. 0800/66 77 876
E-Mail: LiD@in as.de
Pos ach 240101
53154 Bonn
www.in as.de
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Geschä s üh e : Menno Smid, Axel Glemse
Regis e ge ich und Si z de Gesellscha : Bonn
Handels egis e numme : HRB 7010
Us -Id.N . DE174688157
in as is ze i izie nach ISO 20252 ü die Ma k -, Meinungs- und Sozial o schung,
Mi glied im A bei sk eis Deu sche Ma k - und Sozial o schungsins i u e e.V. (ADM) und ESOMAR
und un e s ü z die Ini ia i e Ma k - und Sozial o schung.
2 E-Mail a e Mode-Swi ch CAWI
A achmen Page 93
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
in as, Pos ach 240101, 53154 Bonn
*7708/LFD*
An ede
Name
Ansch i
PLZ O
Bonn, Mona 2023
Seh geeh e F au …/Seh geeh e He …,
o einige Zei haben wi Sie eingeladen, an unse e S udie „Leben in Deu schland“
eilzunehmen. Soll en Sie zwischenzei ig be ei s eilgenommen haben, möch en wi
uns im Namen des gesam en P ojek eams ganz he zlich bedanken.
Falls Sie bishe noch nich eilgenommen haben, möch en wi Sie heu e nochmals
dazu einladen. Nu zen Sie Ih e Chance dieses wich ige wissenscha liche P ojek mi
Ih e Teilnahme zu un e s ü zen.
Füllen Sie hie ü ein ach den Online-F agebogen bis zum 05.11.2023 übe olgen-
den Link aus:
<u lcawi>
Geben Sie do zum S a de Be agung bi e das olgende Passwo ein:
<pwdblock>
Al e na i können Sie die Online-Be agung auch übe den QR-Code au de ech en
Sei e s a en.
Ih e Teilnahme is uns wich ig. Nu mi Ih en An wo en können wi ak uelle P ob-
lemlagen au zeigen und lang is ig In o ma ionen ü poli ische En scheidungen be-
ei s ellen, um das Leben in Deu schland ü alle zu e besse n. Als kleines Danke-
schön e hal en Sie be ei s je z 5 Eu o, die wi diesem Sch eiben beigeleg haben.
Im Anschluss an Ih e Teilnahme e hal en Sie ein wei e es Dankeschön in Höhe on
10 Eu o.
Selbs e s ändlich is Ih e Teilnahme eiwillig und alle gese zlichen Bes immungen
des Da enschu zes we den eingehal en.
Machen Sie mi und sagen Sie uns was Sie denken! Fü Rück agen s ehen wi Ihnen
un e den im B ie kop angegebenen Kon ak da en ge ne zu Ve ügung.
Ganz he zlichen Dank ü Ih e Teilnahme!
Mi eundlichem G uß
P o . D . Sabine Zinn Do is Hess
Vize-Di ek o in des Be eichslei e in Sozial o schung
Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) in as Ins i u ü angewand e
am DIW Be lin Sozialwissenscha Bonn
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Pos ach 240101
53154 Bonn
Tel. 0800/66 77 876
[email p o ec ed]
www.leben-in-deu schland.de
7708/P epaid_07a/2023
QR-Code
<q cawi>
9 Follow-up Le e P epaid

A achmen Page 94
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Leben in Deu schland
{{pa ams.An ede}} {{pa ams.Nachname}},
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Pos ach 24 01 01
53154 Bonn
Tel. 0800/66 77 876
LiD@in as.de
www.leben-in-deu schland.de
Den Online-F agebogen e eichen Sie noch bis zum 05.11.2023.
Ih e An wo en hel en dabei, ak uelle P oblemlagen au zuzeigen und we den lang is ig
ü poli ische En scheidungen genu z , um das Leben in Deu schland ü alle zu
e besse n.
Im Anschluss an Ih e Teilnahme e hal en Sie ein Dankeschön in Höhe on 10 Eu o.
Selbs e s ändlich is Ih e Teilnahme eiwillig und alle gese zlichen Bes immungen des
Da enschu zes we den eingehal en.
Machen Sie mi und sagen Sie uns was Sie denken! Fü Rück agen s ehen wi Ihnen
un e den angegebenen Kon ak da en ge ne zu Ve ügung.
Ganz he zlichen Dank ü Ih e Teilnahme!
Mi eundlichem G uß
P o . D . Sabine Zinn
Vize-Di ek o in des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) am DIW Be lin
Do is Hess
Be eichslei e in Sozial o schung, in as Ins i u ü angewand e Sozialwissenscha GmbH, Bonn
Wei e e In o ma ionen
Haben sich Ih e
Kon ak da en geände ?
Hie gelangen Sie zum in as-
Online-Po al
www.leben-in-deu schland.de
7708/P epaid_07b/2023 {{pa ams.l d}} (P-{{pa ams.p ojid}})
Leben in Deu schland
Tel. 0800/66 77 876
E-Mail: LiD@in as.de
Pos ach 240101
53154 Bonn
www.in as.de
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Geschä s üh e : Menno Smid, Axel Glemse
Regis e ge ich und Si z de Gesellscha : Bonn
Handels egis e numme : HRB 7010
Us -Id.N . DE174688157
Sie haben in den le z en Tagen be ei s
einen B ie zu Teilnahme an unse e
S udie „Leben in Deu schland“ e hal en.
Um die Be agung di ek zu s a en,
klicken Sie bi e hie :
Zu Online Be agung
Soll en Sie zwischenzei ig den
F agebogen be ei s bean wo e haben,
möch en wi uns im Namen des gesam en
P ojek eams ganz he zlich bedanken.
in as is ze i izie nach ISO 20252 ü die Ma k -, Meinungs- und Sozial o schung,
Mi glied im A bei sk eis Deu sche Ma k - und Sozial o schungsins i u e e.V. (ADM) und ESOMAR
und un e s ü z die Ini ia i e Ma k - und Sozial o schung.
10 Follow-up E-Mail P epaid
A achmen Page 95
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
in as, Pos ach 240101, 53154 Bonn
*7708/LFD*
An ede
Name
Ansch i
PLZ O
Bonn, Mona 2023
Seh geeh e F au …/Seh geeh e He …,
o einige Zei haben wi Sie eingeladen, an unse e S udie „Leben in Deu schland“
eilzunehmen. Da Sie bislang noch nich eilgenommen haben, möch en wi Ihnen
die Möglichkei geben den F agebogen online selbs zu bean wo en.
Wi bi en Sie he zlich, die F agen möglichs in den nächs en Tagen zu bean wo en.
Selbs e s ändlich is Ih e Teilnahme eiwillig und es we den alle Bes immungen
des Da enschu zes eingehal en.
Sie e eichen die Be agung online übe olgenden Link:
<u lcawi>
Geben Sie do zum S a de Be agung bi e das olgende Passwo ein:
<pwdblock>
Al e na i können Sie die Online-Be agung auch übe den QR-Code au de ech en
Sei e s a en.
Nachdem Sie den F agebogen ausge üll haben, e hal en Sie das angekündig e
Dankeschön in Höhe on 10 Eu o.
Fü Rück agen s ehen wi Ihnen un e den im B ie kop angegebenen Kon ak da en
ge ne zu Ve ügung.
Übe Ih e Un e s ü zung wü den wi uns euen!
Mi eundlichem G uß
P o . D . Sabine Zinn Do is Hess
Vize-Di ek o in des Be eichslei e in Sozial o schung
Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) in as Ins i u ü angewand e
am DIW Be lin Sozialwissenscha Bonn
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Pos ach 240101
53154 Bonn
Tel. 0800/66 77 876
[email p o ec ed]
www.leben-in-deu schland.de
7708/K_05a/2023
QR-Code
<q cawi>
11 Re usal Con e sion Le e
A achmen Page 96
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
in as, Pos ach 240101, 53154 Bonn
*7708/LFD*
An ede
Name
Ansch i
PLZ O
Bonn, Mona 2023
Seh geeh e F au …/Seh geeh e He …,
o Ku zem haben wi Sie eingeladen, an unse e S udie „Leben in Deu schland“
eilzunehmen. „Leben in Deu schland“ is die g öß e Langzei s udie zu gesell-
scha lichen En wicklung in Deu schland.
Leide konn en wi Sie bishe nich e eichen. Mögliche weise liegen uns Ih e ak u-
ellen Kon ak da en nich o . Wi wä en Ihnen deshalb seh dankba , wenn Sie uns
diese so bald wie möglich mi eilen könn en.
Da ü können Sie ein ach unse Online-Ad ess-Po al un e olgendem Link nu zen:
<URL>
Geben Sie do Ih en pe sönlichen Zugangscode ein:
<PASSWRDBLOCK>
Al e na i können Sie da ü auch den QR-Code au de ech en Sei e nu zen.
Sie können uns abe auch ge ne un e de Tele onnumme 0800/66 77 876 an u en
ode eine E-Mail an L[email p o ec ed] sch eiben.
Als Dankeschön e hal en Sie nach de Teilnahme am In e iew 10 Eu o.
Selbs e s ändlich is Ih e Teilnahme eiwillig und es we den alle Bes immungen
des Da enschu zes eingehal en. Wei e e In o ma ionen zu S udie inden Sie un e
www.leben-in-deu schland.de.
Fü Rück agen s ehen wi Ihnen un e den angegebenen Kon ak da en ge ne zu
Ve ügung.
He zlichen Dank ü Ih e Un e s ü zung!
Mi eundlichem G uß
P o . D . Sabine Zinn Do is Hess
Vize-Di ek o in des Be eichslei e in Sozial o schung
Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) in as Ins i u ü angewand e
am DIW Be lin Sozialwissenscha Bonn
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Pos ach 240101
53154 Bonn
Tel. 0800/66 77 876
[email p o ec ed]
www.leben-in-deu schland.de
7708/N_04a/2023
QR-Code
<HYPLINK>
12 Le e o Non-Con ac Households
A achmen Page 97
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
E klä ung zum Da enschu z
Nach olgend e hal en Sie on uns die gese zlich o gesch iebenen In o ma ionen zum
Da enschu z ü die S udie „Leben in Deu schland“. Die o liegende E klä ung besch eib , wie
wi pe sonenbezogene Da en, die Sie uns im Rahmen Ih e Teilnahme an de o liegenden
S udie be ei s ellen, e a bei en. Mi Ih e Teilnahme an de S udie e klä en Sie sich mi de
hie besch iebenen E klä ung ein e s anden. Wi bi en Sie diese E klä ung so g äl ig zu
lesen.
Ve an wo lich ü die Ve a bei ung Ih e Da en sind:
in as
Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Ku -Schumache -S aße 24
53113 Bonn
DIW Be lin
Deu sches Ins i u ü Wi scha s o schung
Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP)
Moh ens aße 58
10117 Be lin
Bei de Un e suchung „Leben in Deu schland“ a bei e das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP)
des Deu schen Ins i u s ü Wi scha s o schung (DIW Be lin) mi de in as GmbH zusam-
men. in as üh die Be agungen des SOEP im Au ag des DIW Be lin du ch. Beide Ins i u e
a bei en gemäß den Bes immungen de EU-Da enschu zg und e o dnung (DSGVO) und des
Bundesda enschu zgese zes (BDSG) und agen gemeinsam die da enschu z ech liche Ve -
an wo ung ü Ih e Da en.
Ziel und Zweck de S udie:
Die Un e suchung „Leben in Deu schland“ be ass sich jäh lich mi Ih e ak uellen Lebens-
si ua ion und deck einen b ei en Kanon an Themen ab. Sie dien als unabhängige Sozial-
o schungss udie wissenscha lichen Zwecken und is in e na ional üh end in de Quali ä ,
O iginali ä , Aussagek a , und Zu e lässigkei de Fo schungsa bei .
F eiwilligkei de Teilnahme:
Ih e Teilnahme an de Un e suchung „Leben in Deu schland“ is eiwillig. Wenn Sie nich
da an eilnehmen ode die Teilnahme beenden möch en, en s ehen Ihnen keine Nach eile.
Ih e Einwilligung zu Teilnahme können Sie jede zei ohne Angabe on G ünden und ohne
wei e e Konsequenzen mi Wi kung ü die Zukun wide u en. Wi bi en Sie he zlich,
mi Ih e Teilnahme zum Gelingen diese wich igen wissenscha lichen Un e suchung beizu-
agen.
He kun Ih e Kon ak da en, Rech sg undlage de Ve a bei ung:
Die Kon ak da en wu den 2021 du ch die Kan a GmbH (Kan a - Public Di ision) an in as
übe mi el . Wenn Sie in de Ve gangenhei be ei s an de Un e suchung „Leben in Deu sch-
land“ eilgenommen haben, basie die Einladung zu Teilnahme au Ih em Ein e s ändnis
gemäß A . 6 Abs. 1 li . a DSGVO und au A 9 Abs. 2 li . a DSGVO, sowei besonde e Ka ego-
ien pe sonenbe o en sind. Wenn Sie in de Ve gangenhei noch nich eilgenommen
haben, basie die Einladung au dem ö en lichen In e esse an diese Un e suchung gemäß
A . 6 Abs. 1 li . e DSGVO. Die E hebung on besonde en Ka ego ien pe sonenbezogene
Da en im Rahmen de Be agung is ü die wissenscha liche Fo schung e o de lich gemäß
A . 9 Abs. 2 li . j DSGVO i.V.m. §27 Abs. 1 BDSG.
Deu sches Ins i u ü
Wi scha s o schung
Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP)
Moh ens . 58
10117 Be lin
www.diw.de
Da enschu zbeau ag e :
Udo Wenzel
Budapes e S . 31
10787 Be lin
Udo.wenzel@agen ia.de
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Pos ach 240101
53154 Bonn
Tel. 0800/66 77 876
[email p o ec ed]
www.leben-in-deu schland.de
Da enschu zbeau ag e :
in as GmbH - Da enschu zbeau ag e
F ied ich-Wilhelm-S aße 18
53113 Bonn
[email p o ec ed]e
7708/DS-Pan/2023
3.3 Fu he Documen s
1 Da a P o ec ion S a emen Panel
A achmen Page 98
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Umgang mi den Da en und Löschung:
Fü den Umgang mi Ih en pe sonenbezogenen Da en und den Angaben, die Sie bei de Be-
agung gemach haben, gel en olgende G undsä ze:
− Die bei de Be agung e hobenen Da en (Ih e An wo en) we den ge enn on Ih em
Namen und Ih en Kon ak da en un e Ve wendung eines Pseudonyms (Codenumme )
gespeiche , dass auch bei Wiede holungsbe agungen e wende wi d.
− in as übe mi el die E gebnisse de Be agungen pseudonymisie , also ohne Ih e Kon-
ak da en, an das DIW Be lin. Das DIW Be lin üh mi den E gebnissen de Be agung
Fo schungsa bei en du ch. Auße dem gib es sie an ande e wissenscha liche Ein ich un-
gen und Pe sonen – auch an solche in D i lände n, in denen die DSGVO und das BDSG
nich unmi elba gel en - zu Fo schungszwecken und ü die uni e si ä e Leh e wei e .
Alle Auswe ungen und Analysen we den ohne Bezug zu Ih em Namen und Ih e An-
sch i o genommen, die gewonnenen In o ma ionen we den ausschließlich in anony-
misie e Fo m da ges ell .
− Das DIW Be lin ha in as dami beau ag , die Um agen in den kommenden Jah en
du chzu üh en. Ih e Kon ak da en we den bei in as au bewah , um Sie spä e im Rah-
men diese Un e suchung noch einmal kon ak ie en und be agen zu können. Das DIW
Be lin is im Rahmen de gemeinsamen Da enschu z e an wo ung eben alls be ech ig ,
die Kon ak da en zu speiche n und zu e a bei en. Das DIW Be lin behäl es sich ü den
Fall eine Beendigung de Zusammena bei mi in as o , zum Zweck de Fo se zung de
S udie „Leben in Deu schland“ ein ande es Um ageins i u zu beau agen und diesem
dann die Kon ak da en au e agliche Basis zu übe mi eln. Nach Auslau de Fö de-
ung des SOEP we den Ih e Kon ak da en unwiede b inglich gelösch .
− Fü die Pos e sendungen an Sie und ü Ad ess eche chen se z in as Au ags e a bei e
ein. Sie können siche sein, dass sowohl in as als auch das DIW Be lin Ih en Namen und
Ih e Ansch i nu an diese Diens leis e , auße dem an die In e iewe innen und In e ie-
we , die un e Ums änden einen Teil de Be agungen du ch üh en und gegebenen alls
an ein nach olgendes Um ageins i u (siehe o he gehenden Punk ) wei e geben.
Ih e Rech e gemäß A . 13 und 14 DSGVO:
Im Hinblick au Ih e pe sonenbezogenen Da en können Sie bis zu Löschung de Kon ak -
da en bei P ojek abschluss gegenübe in as ode dem DIW Be lin jede zei die olgenden
Rech e gel end machen:
− Auskun s ech A . 15 DSGVO
− Rech au Be ich igung A . 16 DSGVO
− Rech au Löschung („Rech au Ve gessenwe den“) A . 17 DSGVO
− Rech au Einsch änkung de Ve a bei ung A . 18 DSGVO
− Rech au Da enübe agba kei A . 20 DSGVO
Zu Kon ak au nahme nu zen Sie bi e die au de Vo de sei e genann en Kon ak möglich-
kei en.
Auße dem haben Sie gemäß A . 77 DSGVO ein Beschwe de ech bei eine Da enschu z-
Au sich sbehö de. Sie können Ih e Beschwe de sowohl bei de Au sich sbehö de im Bundes-
land Ih es Wohnsi zes ode A bei spla zes als auch bei de ü den Ve an wo lichen im je-
weiligen Bundesland zus ändigen Au sich sbehö de e heben. Au Ih e An age s ellen wi
Ihnen die da enschu z ech lichen Ve einba ungen zwischen dem DIW Be lin und in as ge ne
zu Ve ügung.

A achmen Page 99
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
E klä ung zum Da enschu z
Nach olgend e hal en Sie on uns die gese zlich o gesch iebenen In o ma ionen zum
Da enschu z ü die S udie „Leben in Deu schland“. Die o liegende E klä ung besch eib , wie
wi pe sonenbezogene Da en, die Sie uns im Rahmen Ih e Teilnahme an de o liegenden
S udie be ei s ellen, e a bei en. Mi Ih e Teilnahme an de S udie e klä en Sie sich mi de
hie besch iebenen E klä ung ein e s anden. Wi bi en Sie diese E klä ung so g äl ig zu
lesen.
Ve an wo lich ü die Ve a bei ung Ih e Da en sind:
in as
Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Ku -Schumache -S aße 24
53113 Bonn
DIW Be lin
Deu sches Ins i u ü Wi scha s o schung
Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP)
Moh ens aße 58
10117 Be lin
Bei de Un e suchung „Leben in Deu schland“ a bei e das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP)
des Deu schen Ins i u s ü Wi scha s o schung (DIW Be lin) mi de in as GmbH zusam-
men. in as üh die Be agungen des SOEP im Au ag des DIW Be lin du ch. Beide Ins i u e
a bei en gemäß den Bes immungen de EU-Da enschu zg und e o dnung (DSGVO) und des
Bundesda enschu zgese zes (BDSG) und agen gemeinsam die da enschu z ech liche Ve -
an wo ung ü Ih e Da en.
Ziel und Zweck de S udie:
Die Un e suchung „Leben in Deu schland“ be ass sich jäh lich mi Ih e ak uellen Lebens-
si ua ion und deck einen b ei en Kanon an Themen ab. Sie dien als unabhängige Sozial-
o schungss udie wissenscha lichen Zwecken und is in e na ional üh end in de Quali ä ,
O iginali ä , Aussagek a , und Zu e lässigkei de Fo schungsa bei .
F eiwilligkei de Teilnahme:
Ih e Teilnahme an de Un e suchung „Leben in Deu schland“ is eiwillig. Wenn Sie nich
da an eilnehmen ode die Teilnahme beenden möch en, en s ehen Ihnen keine Nach eile.
Ih e Einwilligung zu Teilnahme können Sie jede zei ohne Angabe on G ünden und ohne
wei e e Konsequenzen mi Wi kung ü die Zukun wide u en. Wi bi en Sie he zlich,
mi Ih e Teilnahme zum Gelingen diese wich igen wissenscha lichen Un e suchung beizu-
agen.
He kun und Rech sg undlage de Ve a bei ung de Kon ak - und Be agungsda en:
Die S udie lieg im ö en lichen In e esse. De Name und die Ad esse eines Haushal smi -
glieds wu den dahe au Basis on §46 des Bundesmeldegese zes du ch Ih e Gemeinde an
in as übe mi el . Diese Pe son wu de un e allen on 1948 bis 2004 gebo enen Einwohne n
zu ällig aus dem Melde egis e Ih e Gemeinde ü die Teilnahme ausgewähl . Die Gemeinde
nimm dami wede zum Fo schungsp ojek noch zu diesem ode möglichen wei e en
Sch eiben inhal lich S ellung. Wenn diese zu ällig ausgewähl e Pe son Angaben zu wei e en
Haushal smi gliede n mach , wi d in as auch wei e e Haushal smi gliede zu Teilnahme an
de S udie einladen.
Die Einladung zu S udie e olg gemäß A . 6 Abs. 1e DSGVO im ö en lichen In e esse. Ih e
Teilnahme an de Be agung is eiwillig und basie au Ih em Ein e s ändnis gemäß A . 6
Abs. 1a DSGVO. Rech sg undlage ü die Ve a bei ung Ih e Da en aus de Be agung (Ih e
An wo en) is eben alls Ih e Einwilligung (A . 6 Abs. 1 li . a bzw. A . 9 Abs. 2 li . a DSGVO)
Deu sches Ins i u ü
Wi scha s o schung
Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP)
Moh ens . 58
10117 Be lin
www.diw.de
Da enschu zbeau ag e :
Udo Wenzel
Budapes e S . 31
10787 Be lin
Udo.wenzel@agen ia.de
in as Ins i u ü angewand e
Sozialwissenscha GmbH
Pos ach 240101
53154 Bonn
Tel. 0800/66 77 876
[email p o ec ed]
www.leben-in-deu schland.de
Da enschu zbeau ag e :
in as GmbH - Da enschu zbeau ag e
F ied ich-Wilhelm-S aße 18
53113 Bonn
[email p o ec ed]e
7708/DS-Au /2023
2 Da a P o ec ion S a emen Re eshmen Sample
A achmen Page 100
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
sowie unabhängig da on A . 9 Abs. 2 li . j DSGVO i.V.m. § 27 Abs. 1 BDSG, weil zu E üllung
des Fo schungsau ages ein be ech ig es In e esse an de Da en e a bei ung bes eh .
Umgang mi den Da en und Löschung:
Fü den Umgang mi Ih en pe sonenbezogenen Da en und den Angaben, die Sie bei de Be-
agung gemach haben, gel en olgende G undsä ze:
− Die bei de Be agung e hobenen Da en (Ih e An wo en) we den ge enn on Ih em
Namen und Ih en Kon ak da en un e Ve wendung eines Pseudonyms (Codenumme )
gespeiche , dass auch bei Wiede holungsbe agungen e wende wi d.
− in as übe mi el die E gebnisse de Be agungen pseudonymisie , also ohne Ih e Kon-
ak da en, an das DIW Be lin. Das DIW Be lin üh mi den E gebnissen de Be agung
Fo schungsa bei en du ch. Auße dem gib es sie an ande e wissenscha liche Ein ich un-
gen und Pe sonen – auch an solche in D i lände n, in denen die DSGVO und das BDSG
nich unmi elba gel en - zu Fo schungszwecken und ü die uni e si ä e Leh e wei e .
Alle Auswe ungen und Analysen we den ohne Bezug zu Ih em Namen und Ih e An-
sch i o genommen, die gewonnenen In o ma ionen we den ausschließlich in anony-
misie e Fo m da ges ell .
− Das DIW Be lin ha in as dami beau ag , die Um agen in den kommenden Jah en
du chzu üh en. Ih e Kon ak da en we den bei in as au bewah , um Sie spä e im Rah-
men diese Un e suchung noch einmal kon ak ie en und be agen zu können. Das DIW
Be lin is im Rahmen de gemeinsamen Da enschu z e an wo ung eben alls be ech ig ,
die Kon ak da en zu speiche n und zu e a bei en. Das DIW Be lin behäl es sich ü den
Fall eine Beendigung de Zusammena bei mi in as o , zum Zweck de Fo se zung de
S udie „Leben in Deu schland“ ein ande es Um ageins i u zu beau agen und diesem
dann die Kon ak da en au e agliche Basis zu übe mi eln. Nach Auslau de Fö de-
ung des SOEP we den Ih e Kon ak da en unwiede b inglich gelösch .
− Fü die Pos e sendungen an Sie und ü Ad ess eche chen se z in as Au ags e a bei e
ein. Sie können siche sein, dass sowohl in as als auch das DIW Be lin Ih en Namen und
Ih e Ansch i nu an diese Diens leis e , auße dem an die In e iewe innen und In e ie-
we , die un e Ums änden einen Teil de Be agungen du ch üh en und gegebenen alls
an ein nach olgendes Um ageins i u (siehe o he gehenden Punk ) wei e geben.
Ih e Rech e gemäß A . 13 und 14 DSGVO:
Im Hinblick au Ih e pe sonenbezogenen Da en können Sie bis zu Löschung de Kon ak -
da en bei P ojek abschluss gegenübe in as ode dem DIW Be lin jede zei die olgenden
Rech e gel end machen:
− Auskun s ech A . 15 DSGVO
− Rech au Be ich igung A . 16 DSGVO
− Rech au Löschung („Rech au Ve gessenwe den“) A . 17 DSGVO
− Rech au Einsch änkung de Ve a bei ung A . 18 DSGVO
− Rech au Da enübe agba kei A . 20 DSGVO
Zu Kon ak au nahme nu zen Sie bi e die au de Vo de sei e genann en Kon ak möglich-
kei en.
Auße dem haben Sie gemäß A . 77 DSGVO ein Beschwe de ech bei eine Da enschu z-
Au sich sbehö de. Sie können Ih e Beschwe de sowohl bei de Au sich sbehö de im Bundes-
land Ih es Wohnsi zes ode A bei spla zes als auch bei de ü den Ve an wo lichen im je-
weiligen Bundesland zus ändigen Au sich sbehö de e heben. Au Ih e An age s ellen wi
Ihnen die da enschu z ech lichen Ve einba ungen zwischen dem DIW Be lin und in as ge ne
zu Ve ügung.
A achmen Page 101
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Rückmeldung zum In e iewgesp äch
im Rahmen de S udie „Leben in Deu schland“
Um die A bei unse es In e iewe s abes kon inuie lich e besse n zu können, sind wi seh an Ih en
E ah ungen und Rückmeldungen aus dem In e iewgesp äch in e essie . Wi wä en Ihnen seh dankba ,
wenn Sie sich ku z Zei ü die Bean wo ung de nach olgenden F agen nehmen und uns Ih e An wo
inne halb de nächs en Tage im beiliegenden po o eien Rückumschlag zu ückschicken.
2. Mi wem ha das In e iewgesp äch s a ge unden?
Mi Ihnen selbs .......................................................... 1
Mi eine ande en Pe son im Haushal ............. 2
3. Wie wu de das In e iewgesp äch ge üh ?
Pe sönlich o O ............1
Am Tele on ..........................2
4. Wie lange ha das gesam e In e iewgesp äch Ih e
Einschä zung nach gedaue ?
Minu en
5. Wie ha Ihnen das In e iewgesp äch ge allen?
6. Wie zu ieden wa en Sie mi unse e In e iewe in bzw.
unse em In e iewe ?
7. Wie iele Pe sonen leben in Ih em Haushal ?
Anzahl Pe sonen:
8. Wu den auße Ihnen wei e e Pe sonen in Ih em
Haushal be ag ? Wenn ja, wie iele?
Ja, es wu den
wei e e Pe sonen
be ag .........................1 → Anzahl
Pe sonen:
Nein, es wu den
keine wei e en
Pe sonen be ag .....2
9. In welchem Jah sind Sie gebo en?
Ih Gebu sjah :
10. Wi danken Ihnen ganz he zlich ü die Bean wo ung de F agen.
Hie is noch Pla z ü Ih e Anme kungen:
1. Wann ha das In e iewgesp äch s a ge unden?
An einem Wochen ag ....1 Und zu welche Zei ? Am Vo mi ag ...................... 1
Am Nachmi ag .................. 2
Am Abend .............................. 3
Am Wochenende .............2
Es ha kein In e iewgesp äch s a ge unden .......... 3 → Bi e wei e mi F age 9
4 Subsample O e a ching Ma e ial
1 In e iewe Con ol Ques ionnai e
A achmen Page 102
Wa e Repo - Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2023
Seh geeh e Dame, seh geeh e He ,
wi bi en Sie he zlich um Un e s ü zung unse e S udie
Leide konn e ich Sie nich e eichen, um einen pe sönlichen
Gesp ächs e min zu e einba en. Ich we de es nochmals e suchen
am um Uh
Vielen Dank ü Ih e Te minzusage. Unse Gesp äch inde s a
am um Uh
Sie können zen al bei in as eine Nach ich ü mich übe die
kos en eie Tele onnumme 0800/66 77 876 hin e lassen.
Leben in Deu schland
Mi eilung
Leben in
Deu schland
2 Con ac Ca d/ Message Ca d