TO DISCOVER NOVEL MEDICINALCOMPOUNDS.
ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES IN CHILE
Al onso Guzmán, Ph.D.
Sou h he bs - Denma k
Collec ion o plan s in he
Valdi ian Rain Fo es
Home o he Huilliches
Tempe a e clima e
High p ecipi a ion
High equency o
endemic plan s
Chile MAP
FLORAL KINGDOMS AND
HOTSPOTS OF THE WORLD
Ande son 2001
Biological ho spo , 50% endemism,
3,000 spp. o be compa ed wi h:
• Cape P o ince Endemism% 73 8,600 spp
• Sou h Wes e n Aus alia 78 8,500
• New Caledonia 89 1,580
• Eas e n o es o Madagasca 80 6,000
• No hwes e n Bo neo 40 11,000
• Cali o nia 50 4,450
• Eas e n Fo es o Tanzania 30 2,000
• I o y Coas 7 2,770
RANDOM OR ETHNOBOTANICAL SCREENING METHOD ?
•RANDOM in i o assays o biological ac i i y sc eening.
•ETHNOBOTANICAL VS RANDOMLY COLLECTING PLANTS.
•RESULTS: eg. VIRUS
•ETHNOBOTANICAL: 123 imes, 169 imes o 630 imes HIGHER THAN RANDOM: in luenza,
cy omegalo i us, o espi a o y syncy ial i us. Ca lson, e al., 1997.
•TO DISCOVER AND DEVELOP A NEW MEDICINAL DRUG
•PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES: SPEND BETWEN 10-12 YEARS AND OVER 60 MILLION
EURO.
•ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES: SPEND 5 YEARS AND ABOUT 10 MILLION EURO.

Plan collec ing in moun ain o es
Fo me o es o Ale ce
(Fi z oja cup essoides)
oday ban o cu ing
Unde s o y: Thicke s o
Baccha is magellanica
Al onso Guzmán, in on o
imbe ac o y
Al onso Guzmán, in on o
imbe ac o y
No e he blue g een
Eucalyp us
Diabe es Huilliche plan ex ac
Ac i i y o ac ion C compa ed o insulin, measu ed on hymidin inco po a ion
8000
6000
4000
~
_ RF$- ak ion e
a..
-+-
Insulin
o
2000
-
..
o • •
0,1 1
10
100 1000 10000
ng/mL

Figu e 1. P opo ion o S. au eus isola es om bac e aemia esis an o me hicillin in coun ies
pa icipa ing in EARSS, 2002 (EARSS Annual Repo s.
A ailable a h p://ecdc.eu opa.eu/en/ac i i ies/su eillance/EARS-Ne /Pages/Documen s.aspx).7
No da a
<1%
1–5%
5–10%
10–25%
25–50%
>50
Ma lieke e al. 2011
Es ima ed cos o An ibio ic Resis ance in Eu ope
Resis ance o S aphylococcus au eus and Esche ichia coli
To al cos 44.0 and 18.1 million Eu os.
(63.1 and 29.7 million in e na ional dolla s)
Plan de i ed an imic obials o esis an S. au eus in ec ions
- Rein oduc ion o e i ed an ibio ics,
- Po en ia ion o an ibio ics in use and
- Reduc ion o dose wi h lesse side e ec s (www. a ma.ku.dk) .
E lux pump-inhibi o assay:
Na u al p oduc s agains esis en e bac e ia and
complica ed wounds.
In i o & in i o esea ch o plan ex ac and isola e
compound adi ionally used by Huilliche indians in
sou he n Chile.
24 species ---- agains mic oo ganism asocia ed wi h wound healing.
O e 60% o hese species show high ac i i y agains esis en
S aphylococcus au eus, Esche icha coli and S ep ococcus pneumoniae.
NATURAL ANTIBIOTICS IN TEA
Toxici y es 1 h . % mo ali y
Toxici y es 5-7 min. % mo ali y
Species
Species
10 mg/ml 5 mg/ml 2,5 mg/ml
10 mg/ml 5 mg/ml 2,5 mg/ml

Toxici y: ea (g) and pe son (w .)
Concen a ion 10 g/ml
Tea species Body weigh
70 kg ~ 143 ml
A is o elia chilensis
D imys win e ii 70 kg ~ 182 ml
Scalded in ec ion. T ea men : di e se an ibio ics, usico , dip osalic, e c. 3 yea s.
T ea men : plan s ex ac s, 5 mon hs
SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY, DRUGS, ETC A
7 x 6 cm
T ea men : plan s ex ac s, 7 days.
B
Fucico T ea men : and an ibio ics.
Bu ning he skin, i ching and alle gy.
2 mon hs :
Pe iungual esicula hand eczema (A e Dande m.dk)
T ea men : plan s ex ac s, 5 days.
I was ed, he skin i ched and wen .
T ea men : di e se an ibio ics and ho mon(3mon hs)
C
Da abase
Guzmán, A and Ye i, S. 2000 Viking Books. Denma k
HUILLICHE MEDICINAL PLANTS. SOUTHERN CHILE

Some o
he 21
Huilliche
medicinal
plan s
Sa a Nilian a he Sa u day ma ke
Loma ia sp.
also used in Denma k o deco a ion

Ma ia, a shaman collegue o Sa a
Paci ic coas al o es ,
now h ea ened
S anded seaweed
--
Indian holy cli