Estudios etnobotánicos en Chile para descubrir nuevos compuestos medicinales

TO DISCOVER NOVEL MEDICINALCOMPOUNDS. ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES IN CHILE Al onso Guzmán, Ph.D. Sou h he bs - Denma k Collec ion o plan s in he Valdi ian Rain Fo es Home o he Huilliches Tempe a e clima e High p ecipi a ion High equency o endemic plan s Chile MAP FLORAL KINGDOMS AND HOTSPOTS OF THE WORLD Ande son 2001 Biological ho spo , 50% endemism, 3,000 spp. o be compa ed wi h: • Cape P o ince Endemism% 73 8,600 spp • Sou h Wes e n Aus alia 78 8,500 • New Caledonia 89 1,580 • Eas e n o es o Madagasca 80 6,000 • No hwes e n Bo neo 40 11,000 • Cali o nia 50 4,450 • Eas e n Fo es o Tanzania 30 2,000 • I o y Coas 7 2,770 RANDOM OR ETHNOBOTANICAL SCREENING METHOD ? •RANDOM in i o assays o biological ac i i y sc eening. •ETHNOBOTANICAL VS RANDOMLY COLLECTING PLANTS. •RESULTS: eg. VIRUS •ETHNOBOTANICAL: 123 imes, 169 imes o 630 imes HIGHER THAN RANDOM: in luenza, cy omegalo i us, o espi a o y syncy ial i us. Ca lson, e al., 1997. •TO DISCOVER AND DEVELOP A NEW MEDICINAL DRUG •PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES: SPEND BETWEN 10-12 YEARS AND OVER 60 MILLION EURO. •ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES: SPEND 5 YEARS AND ABOUT 10 MILLION EURO. Plan collec ing in moun ain o es Fo me o es o Ale ce (Fi z oja cup essoides) oday ban o cu ing Unde s o y: Thicke s o Baccha is magellanica Al onso Guzmán, in on o imbe ac o y Al onso Guzmán, in on o imbe ac o y No e he blue g een Eucalyp us Diabe es Huilliche plan ex ac Ac i i y o ac ion C compa ed o insulin, measu ed on hymidin inco po a ion 8000 6000 4000 ~ _ RF$- ak ion e a.. -+- Insulin o 2000 - .. o • • 0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 ng/mL Figu e 1. P opo ion o S. au eus isola es om bac e aemia esis an o me hicillin in coun ies pa icipa ing in EARSS, 2002 (EARSS Annual Repo s. A ailable a h p://ecdc.eu opa.eu/en/ac i i ies/su eillance/EARS-Ne /Pages/Documen s.aspx).7 No da a <1% 1–5% 5–10% 10–25% 25–50% >50 Ma lieke e al. 2011 Es ima ed cos o An ibio ic Resis ance in Eu ope Resis ance o S aphylococcus au eus and Esche ichia coli To al cos 44.0 and 18.1 million Eu os. (63.1 and 29.7 million in e na ional dolla s) Plan de i ed an imic obials o esis an S. au eus in ec ions - Rein oduc ion o e i ed an ibio ics, - Po en ia ion o an ibio ics in use and - Reduc ion o dose wi h lesse side e ec s (www. a ma.ku.dk) . E lux pump-inhibi o assay: Na u al p oduc s agains esis en e bac e ia and complica ed wounds. In i o & in i o esea ch o plan ex ac and isola e compound adi ionally used by Huilliche indians in sou he n Chile. 24 species ---- agains mic oo ganism asocia ed wi h wound healing. O e 60% o hese species show high ac i i y agains esis en S aphylococcus au eus, Esche icha coli and S ep ococcus pneumoniae. NATURAL ANTIBIOTICS IN TEA Toxici y es 1 h . % mo ali y Toxici y es 5-7 min. % mo ali y Species Species 10 mg/ml 5 mg/ml 2,5 mg/ml 10 mg/ml 5 mg/ml 2,5 mg/ml Toxici y: ea (g) and pe son (w .) Concen a ion 10 g/ml Tea species Body weigh 70 kg ~ 143 ml A is o elia chilensis D imys win e ii 70 kg ~ 182 ml Scalded in ec ion. T ea men : di e se an ibio ics, usico , dip osalic, e c. 3 yea s. T ea men : plan s ex ac s, 5 mon hs SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY, DRUGS, ETC A 7 x 6 cm T ea men : plan s ex ac s, 7 days. B Fucico T ea men : and an ibio ics. Bu ning he skin, i ching and alle gy. 2 mon hs : Pe iungual esicula hand eczema (A e Dande m.dk) T ea men : plan s ex ac s, 5 days. I was ed, he skin i ched and wen . T ea men : di e se an ibio ics and ho mon(3mon hs) C Da abase Guzmán, A and Ye i, S. 2000 Viking Books. Denma k HUILLICHE MEDICINAL PLANTS. SOUTHERN CHILE Some o he 21 Huilliche medicinal plan s Sa a Nilian a he Sa u day ma ke Loma ia sp. also used in Denma k o deco a ion Ma ia, a shaman collegue o Sa a Paci ic coas al o es , now h ea ened S anded seaweed -- Indian holy cli