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T ansac ions o he VŠB – Technical Uni e si y o Os a a, Mechanical Se ies
No. 1, 2020, ol. LXVI
a icle No. 2060
Pa ik SATEK*
UTILIZATION OF AIRCRAFT SYSTEM DATA FOR AIR TRANSPORT SAFETY AND
EFFICIENCY
VYUŽÍTÍ SYSTÉMOVÝCH DAT LETADEL PRO BEZEPEČNOST A EFEKTIVITU LETECKÉ
DOPRAVY
Abs ac
The a icle is ocused on ai c a ’s ligh and sys em da a u iliza ion o a ia ion sa e y and
e iciency. This includes wo k wi h Pe o mance Enginee ing P og ams (PEP) ou pu which is based
on da a eco ded by Da a Managemen Uni (DMU). Ou pu is analyzed using ools suppo ed by MS
O ice. The goal is o p o ide simple guidelines o ope a o s ha a e unable o a o d he sys ems o
au oma ic da a check send by he ai c a manu ac u e s.
Abs ak
Ten o článek je zaměřen na yuži í le o ých a sys émo ých da le ounu p o bezpečnos a
e ek i i u le ecké dop a y. To o zah nuje p áci s ýs upem p og amu posky ujícího le o á ýkono á
da a p o le ecké inžený y (PEP), k e ý se zakládá na da ech pořízených p os řednic ním jedno ky
řízení da (DMU). Výs up je analyzo án za pomocí nás ojů MS O ice. Cílem článku je posky nou
jednoduchý ná od p o male p o oza ele, k eří si nemohou do oli sys émy p o au oma ickou kon olu
le o ých a sys émo ých da zasílaných ý obci le adel.
Keywo ds
A ia ion sa e y, A ia ion e iciency, Da a analysis, DMU, PEP, MS O ice
1 INTRODUCTION
Lack o ele an in o ma ion is one o he main easons o a ia ion sys ems ailu e. A he i s
look i seems ha he p oblem is in an insu icien quan i y o o e all in o ma ion, bu cu en ly he
eason can be he opposi e. Nowadays he e is an access o a big amoun o in o ma ion bu some o
he c ucial ones could ge los among he edundan ones. This can cause, no only in a ia ion, losses
o li es, heal h o p ope ies. I is he common in e es o he ai anspo indus y o ope a e mos
sa e and e icien a he same ime, which is some imes e y di icul ask. The op imal app oach
could be o handle all impo an in o ma ion e icien ly and keep he p ocess cheap. Two ques ions
ha e o be answe ed by sol ing his p oblem. Whe e o ob ain he igh in o ma ion and wha o do
wi h hem a e wa ds. In bo h cases se e al hings a e desi ed. Fi s ly, he p ocess should be as easy
as possible. Secondly, he p ocess i sel does no equi e new echnologies o lea ning o
o e complica ed p ocedu es. The bes op ion is he one whe e an ope a o uses ools ha he al eady
has, bu he lea ns o use hem in mo e e icien way. This especially applies o smalle ope a o s who
a e unable o a o d sys ems ha would pe o m such asks au oma ically. The p ocess desc ibed in
ex bellow is designed speci ically o ope a o wi h small numbe s o Ai bus A320 amily ai planes.
* Ing., The Ins i u e o T anspo , Facul y o Mechanical Enginee ing, VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a,
17. lis opadu 2172/15, Os a a, el. (+420) 597 324 538, e-mail pa ik.sa ek@ sb.cz
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2 PROCESSING DATA
Conce ning he collec ion o in o ma ion abou he ai plane, while ai bo ne, he i s wha
comes on mind a e sys ems such as he ligh da a eco de (FDR), he cockpi oice eco de (CVR)
o he ai bo ne image eco de , bu hese sys ems a e designed mo e o a eac i e use. FDR da a a e
o example used by Special E en Sea ch and Mas e Analysis (SESMA) sys em in sea ch o
exceedances du ing a daily use o he ai plane [5], and mo e o e he FDR da a a e mean o p o ide
as comple e as possible image o he plane. I he ope a o equi es da a abou speci ic pa o he
ai plane, wi hou supe luous in o ma ion, i is be e o use se s o da a designed o such pu pose.
In case he ope a o needs in o ma ion quickly and uses ai planes made by he Ai bus
Company, i is app op ia e o use he Da a Managemen Uni (DMU). This sys em coope a es wi h
he Ai c a In eg a ed Da a Sys em (AIDS) o gene a e epo s, usually based on igge condi ions.
These epo s con ain la ge amoun o in o ma ion which can be used by an acciden o inciden
in es iga ion, an engine main enance o by a long e m moni o ing o ai plane’s pe o mance. [1]
These epo s a e also easily accessible because an ai plane can immedia ely send hem ia Ai bo ne
Communica ion and Repo ing Sys em (ACARS) o Ai bus company se e s which a e wa ds send
he epo o he ai plane´s ope a o s in a o m o he elec onic mail. I shall be men ioned ha he
ACARS ansmi s he epo s in a e y compac o ma he e o e i is e y di icul o in e p e
incoming message wi hou a so wa e aid. [2]
Fo a co ec in e p e a ion o DMU epo s he e a e he Pe o mance Enginee ing P og ams
(PEP) used. Based on inse ed da abase, ep esen ed by x ile wi h a copied e-mails’ con en , PEP
p oduces a inal epo con aining collec ed da a o ganized in unde s andable way. Addi ionally,
e lec ing he eco ded da a, PEP calcula es o he pa ame e s. A he end o he inal epo he e is a
alue o pa ame e ha is he mos impo an o he ope a o , o example he Deg ada ion o
Speci ic Range (DSR). This is he alue ha he ope a o needs o know as an inpu o he ai planes
compu e as i di ec ly in luences he ai planes pe o mance (Speci ic Range). Speci ic ange
exp esses he dis ance co e ed by ai plane pe uni o uel bu ned. Besides weigh and ae odynamic
cha ac e is ics, i depends on engine pe o mance which can deg ade wi h ime [1]. So we may say
ha all o he da a can be dis ega ded. The issue is a low equency o alues ha a e ou side o he
expec ed ange which may be o e looked. The o he example a e se ies o numbe s ha a e no so
di e en , bu each subsequen numbe is iny bi highe han p e ious and oge he hose numbe s
c ea e a end ha could be p oblema ic in he u u e.
I is di icul o spo such i egula i ies in he PEP inal epo because he whole ou pu is
jus a simple ex ile whe e all alues wi hou a ca e ul alida ion look he same. Fo a mo e
e ec i e wo k wi h hese numbe s, a mo e cus omizable en i onmen is needed. As men ioned a he
in oduc ion, he bes ool is he one ha he ope a o is amilia wi h o a ce ain deg ee. Fo mos o
wo kplaces, such asks a e execu ed wi h he help o Mic oso O ice ools. The ac ha he
ope a o wo ks wi h hese p og ams does no imply ha he has a capaci y o use hei ull po en ial
which would simpli y his job o he maximum ex end. The ools p oposed o be used o be e PEP
ou pu analysis a e he MS Ou look and MS Excel.
The i s one is u ilized in he PEP da abase c ea ion. The ope a o ecei es high numbe o
messages in o his mailbox, bu only a ac ion o hem is om DMU which p oduces a ious epo s.
I is ine ec i e o open and p ocess all messages one by one. In case o DMU he epo ´s sende is
always he same and messages a e o en wi hou a subjec . Howe e , MS Ou look enables a as
selec ion o equi ed messages using keywo ds, ega dless o he o al numbe o iles in he inbox.
To use his unc ionali y, he ope a o needs o w i e inside sea ch-ba , wi h quo a ion ma k a he
beginning and a he end, a speci ic symbol o se ies o symbols. The p og am selec s all messages
ha con ain gi en symbol. Due o he ac ha DMU epo s con ain, besides eco ded da a, a o mal
heading ha includes a ype o a epo (A01, A04, A14 and so on) his ool is ideal. The nex s ep is
an expo o all messages o mass copy o messages in o a x ile. This way he PEP inpu is eady in
ma e o minu es.
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Fig. 1 Example o using MS Ou look o he PEP message selec ion. [4]
When PEP has p ocessed he inpu , he ope a o can wo k wi h PEP ou pu . Fo p ocessing o
he ou pu , he MS Excel is used. Ou pu in i s o iginal o ma is no e y sui able o a wo k in he
Excel en i onmen , bu his can be op imised wi h a ew ex a s eps. A e coping all o da a, wi hou
o mal headings, in o Excel sp eadshee , he p og am egis e s inpu s as a plain ex . I is impo an
o use unc ion “Find and eplace” o change speci ic symbols such a ull s ops, commas and he
o he s o make su e ha p og am will co ec ly ecognize alues as numbe s, ime, da e and o he
o ma s which may be used. Once his is done, i is sa e o use “Con e ex o columns”. Abo e
desc ibed p ocess ans o ms a compac ex , which su e s om a low le el o eadabili y, in o a
s uc u ed in o ma ion. The s uc u ed in o ma ion is u he p ocessed o p oduce g aphs which
allows as e end mo e p ecise analysis o he unde lying da a e.g. iden i ica ion o he limi alues
and ou lie s as depic ed in pic u e below.
In he Fig. 2 he e a e p esen ed he da a o speci ic ange deg ada ion (DSR) in ime. Values
ou side o limi s ( ed lines) – a e clea ly isible and, when poin ed wi h a mouse cu so , XY
coo dina ed a e shown.
Fig. 2 Speci ic ange deg ada ion in ime.
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Fo he pe iodical u ilisa ion o he unc ionali y he au oma ed p ocessing by he means o
Visual Basic mac o can be in oduced. A cus omised mac o con ains a o m in o which he ope a o
copies da a om PEP ou pu and inse s limi alues o pa ame e s ha shall be alida ed. The
Fo ms can be ex ended wi h addi ional unc ions such as hin s ha desc ibe how o ill selec ed cells
(see he pic u e bellow) o alida ions ha ensu es co ec ness o manda o y ields. In compa ison o
he manual p ocessing he mac os imp o es he e iciency while implemen ing wide ange o use
equi emen s such as: condi ional o ma ing which is e y use ul o highligh ing alues inside o
ou side chosen in e al, o g aph gene a ion including end lines and limi alues, c ea ing backups
on sepa a e sp eadshee o e alua ion o all backup da a.
Fig. 3 Excel mac o window o pa ame e s calcula ion.
In he Figu e 3 he e is he Excel mac o window o pa ame e s calcula ion. In he uppe pa
he e is a cell o PEP ou pu inse ion and bellow he e a e cells o en e ing limi alues o speci ic
pa ame e s. A o m o e s unc ions such as coping o limi alues o he i s engine in o limi alues
o he second engine, dele ion o p e iously en e ed da a and o e all analyses o p e iously backed
up da a. In addi ion, he o m p o ides hin s o he cells as can be seen in he cell o pa ame e
EGT2 min.
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3 CONCLUSIONS
In his a icle he e was shown one o he simple so wa e ools o p ocessing o a huge mass
o aw da a as a help o small ai plane´s ope a o s which ha e only minimal manu ac u e s suppo
by he ai anspo ope a ions. Because he expec ed ai plane´s Speci ic ange deg ada ion wi h he
ime could cause a big p oblem o he ligh c ew by he ai anspo ope a ion on he maximum
ange, i is an ad an age o ha e some simply ool o supe ising his pa ame e o inc easing he
sa e y and e iciency o ai anspo ope a ion by small ai anspo ope a o s.
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ex y dle předpisu JAR-66. ISBN 80-7204-311-0.
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mul iple-wo ds.h ml
[5] EISMIN, Thomas K. Ai c a elec ici y and elec onics. 5 h ed. New Yo k: McG aw-Hill,
c2014. A ia ion. ISBN 978-0-07-179915-7
[6] DUKE. A Long-S anding, Success ul A ia ion Sa e y Repo ing Sys em. Alpa [online]. 2001
[ci . 2020-07-29]. A ailable om:
h ps://public.alpa.o g/po als/alpa/magazine/2001/Jan2001_LongS anding.h m