Utilization of Aircraft System Data for Air Transport Safety and Efficiency

23 T ansac ions o he VŠB – Technical Uni e si y o Os a a, Mechanical Se ies No. 1, 2020, ol. LXVI a icle No. 2060 Pa ik SATEK* UTILIZATION OF AIRCRAFT SYSTEM DATA FOR AIR TRANSPORT SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY VYUŽÍTÍ SYSTÉMOVÝCH DAT LETADEL PRO BEZEPEČNOST A EFEKTIVITU LETECKÉ DOPRAVY Abs ac The a icle is ocused on ai c a ’s ligh and sys em da a u iliza ion o a ia ion sa e y and e iciency. This includes wo k wi h Pe o mance Enginee ing P og ams (PEP) ou pu which is based on da a eco ded by Da a Managemen Uni (DMU). Ou pu is analyzed using ools suppo ed by MS O ice. The goal is o p o ide simple guidelines o ope a o s ha a e unable o a o d he sys ems o au oma ic da a check send by he ai c a manu ac u e s. Abs ak Ten o článek je zaměřen na yuži í le o ých a sys émo ých da le ounu p o bezpečnos a e ek i i u le ecké dop a y. To o zah nuje p áci s ýs upem p og amu posky ujícího le o á ýkono á da a p o le ecké inžený y (PEP), k e ý se zakládá na da ech pořízených p os řednic ním jedno ky řízení da (DMU). Výs up je analyzo án za pomocí nás ojů MS O ice. Cílem článku je posky nou jednoduchý ná od p o male p o oza ele, k eří si nemohou do oli sys émy p o au oma ickou kon olu le o ých a sys émo ých da zasílaných ý obci le adel. Keywo ds A ia ion sa e y, A ia ion e iciency, Da a analysis, DMU, PEP, MS O ice 1 INTRODUCTION Lack o ele an in o ma ion is one o he main easons o a ia ion sys ems ailu e. A he i s look i seems ha he p oblem is in an insu icien quan i y o o e all in o ma ion, bu cu en ly he eason can be he opposi e. Nowadays he e is an access o a big amoun o in o ma ion bu some o he c ucial ones could ge los among he edundan ones. This can cause, no only in a ia ion, losses o li es, heal h o p ope ies. I is he common in e es o he ai anspo indus y o ope a e mos sa e and e icien a he same ime, which is some imes e y di icul ask. The op imal app oach could be o handle all impo an in o ma ion e icien ly and keep he p ocess cheap. Two ques ions ha e o be answe ed by sol ing his p oblem. Whe e o ob ain he igh in o ma ion and wha o do wi h hem a e wa ds. In bo h cases se e al hings a e desi ed. Fi s ly, he p ocess should be as easy as possible. Secondly, he p ocess i sel does no equi e new echnologies o lea ning o o e complica ed p ocedu es. The bes op ion is he one whe e an ope a o uses ools ha he al eady has, bu he lea ns o use hem in mo e e icien way. This especially applies o smalle ope a o s who a e unable o a o d sys ems ha would pe o m such asks au oma ically. The p ocess desc ibed in ex bellow is designed speci ically o ope a o wi h small numbe s o Ai bus A320 amily ai planes. * Ing., The Ins i u e o T anspo , Facul y o Mechanical Enginee ing, VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a, 17. lis opadu 2172/15, Os a a, el. (+420) 597 324 538, e-mail pa ik.sa ek@ sb.cz 24 2 PROCESSING DATA Conce ning he collec ion o in o ma ion abou he ai plane, while ai bo ne, he i s wha comes on mind a e sys ems such as he ligh da a eco de (FDR), he cockpi oice eco de (CVR) o he ai bo ne image eco de , bu hese sys ems a e designed mo e o a eac i e use. FDR da a a e o example used by Special E en Sea ch and Mas e Analysis (SESMA) sys em in sea ch o exceedances du ing a daily use o he ai plane [5], and mo e o e he FDR da a a e mean o p o ide as comple e as possible image o he plane. I he ope a o equi es da a abou speci ic pa o he ai plane, wi hou supe luous in o ma ion, i is be e o use se s o da a designed o such pu pose. In case he ope a o needs in o ma ion quickly and uses ai planes made by he Ai bus Company, i is app op ia e o use he Da a Managemen Uni (DMU). This sys em coope a es wi h he Ai c a In eg a ed Da a Sys em (AIDS) o gene a e epo s, usually based on igge condi ions. These epo s con ain la ge amoun o in o ma ion which can be used by an acciden o inciden in es iga ion, an engine main enance o by a long e m moni o ing o ai plane’s pe o mance. [1] These epo s a e also easily accessible because an ai plane can immedia ely send hem ia Ai bo ne Communica ion and Repo ing Sys em (ACARS) o Ai bus company se e s which a e wa ds send he epo o he ai plane´s ope a o s in a o m o he elec onic mail. I shall be men ioned ha he ACARS ansmi s he epo s in a e y compac o ma he e o e i is e y di icul o in e p e incoming message wi hou a so wa e aid. [2] Fo a co ec in e p e a ion o DMU epo s he e a e he Pe o mance Enginee ing P og ams (PEP) used. Based on inse ed da abase, ep esen ed by x ile wi h a copied e-mails’ con en , PEP p oduces a inal epo con aining collec ed da a o ganized in unde s andable way. Addi ionally, e lec ing he eco ded da a, PEP calcula es o he pa ame e s. A he end o he inal epo he e is a alue o pa ame e ha is he mos impo an o he ope a o , o example he Deg ada ion o Speci ic Range (DSR). This is he alue ha he ope a o needs o know as an inpu o he ai planes compu e as i di ec ly in luences he ai planes pe o mance (Speci ic Range). Speci ic ange exp esses he dis ance co e ed by ai plane pe uni o uel bu ned. Besides weigh and ae odynamic cha ac e is ics, i depends on engine pe o mance which can deg ade wi h ime [1]. So we may say ha all o he da a can be dis ega ded. The issue is a low equency o alues ha a e ou side o he expec ed ange which may be o e looked. The o he example a e se ies o numbe s ha a e no so di e en , bu each subsequen numbe is iny bi highe han p e ious and oge he hose numbe s c ea e a end ha could be p oblema ic in he u u e. I is di icul o spo such i egula i ies in he PEP inal epo because he whole ou pu is jus a simple ex ile whe e all alues wi hou a ca e ul alida ion look he same. Fo a mo e e ec i e wo k wi h hese numbe s, a mo e cus omizable en i onmen is needed. As men ioned a he in oduc ion, he bes ool is he one ha he ope a o is amilia wi h o a ce ain deg ee. Fo mos o wo kplaces, such asks a e execu ed wi h he help o Mic oso O ice ools. The ac ha he ope a o wo ks wi h hese p og ams does no imply ha he has a capaci y o use hei ull po en ial which would simpli y his job o he maximum ex end. The ools p oposed o be used o be e PEP ou pu analysis a e he MS Ou look and MS Excel. The i s one is u ilized in he PEP da abase c ea ion. The ope a o ecei es high numbe o messages in o his mailbox, bu only a ac ion o hem is om DMU which p oduces a ious epo s. I is ine ec i e o open and p ocess all messages one by one. In case o DMU he epo ´s sende is always he same and messages a e o en wi hou a subjec . Howe e , MS Ou look enables a as selec ion o equi ed messages using keywo ds, ega dless o he o al numbe o iles in he inbox. To use his unc ionali y, he ope a o needs o w i e inside sea ch-ba , wi h quo a ion ma k a he beginning and a he end, a speci ic symbol o se ies o symbols. The p og am selec s all messages ha con ain gi en symbol. Due o he ac ha DMU epo s con ain, besides eco ded da a, a o mal heading ha includes a ype o a epo (A01, A04, A14 and so on) his ool is ideal. The nex s ep is an expo o all messages o mass copy o messages in o a x ile. This way he PEP inpu is eady in ma e o minu es. 25 Fig. 1 Example o using MS Ou look o he PEP message selec ion. [4] When PEP has p ocessed he inpu , he ope a o can wo k wi h PEP ou pu . Fo p ocessing o he ou pu , he MS Excel is used. Ou pu in i s o iginal o ma is no e y sui able o a wo k in he Excel en i onmen , bu his can be op imised wi h a ew ex a s eps. A e coping all o da a, wi hou o mal headings, in o Excel sp eadshee , he p og am egis e s inpu s as a plain ex . I is impo an o use unc ion “Find and eplace” o change speci ic symbols such a ull s ops, commas and he o he s o make su e ha p og am will co ec ly ecognize alues as numbe s, ime, da e and o he o ma s which may be used. Once his is done, i is sa e o use “Con e ex o columns”. Abo e desc ibed p ocess ans o ms a compac ex , which su e s om a low le el o eadabili y, in o a s uc u ed in o ma ion. The s uc u ed in o ma ion is u he p ocessed o p oduce g aphs which allows as e end mo e p ecise analysis o he unde lying da a e.g. iden i ica ion o he limi alues and ou lie s as depic ed in pic u e below. In he Fig. 2 he e a e p esen ed he da a o speci ic ange deg ada ion (DSR) in ime. Values ou side o limi s ( ed lines) – a e clea ly isible and, when poin ed wi h a mouse cu so , XY coo dina ed a e shown. Fig. 2 Speci ic ange deg ada ion in ime. 26 Fo he pe iodical u ilisa ion o he unc ionali y he au oma ed p ocessing by he means o Visual Basic mac o can be in oduced. A cus omised mac o con ains a o m in o which he ope a o copies da a om PEP ou pu and inse s limi alues o pa ame e s ha shall be alida ed. The Fo ms can be ex ended wi h addi ional unc ions such as hin s ha desc ibe how o ill selec ed cells (see he pic u e bellow) o alida ions ha ensu es co ec ness o manda o y ields. In compa ison o he manual p ocessing he mac os imp o es he e iciency while implemen ing wide ange o use equi emen s such as: condi ional o ma ing which is e y use ul o highligh ing alues inside o ou side chosen in e al, o g aph gene a ion including end lines and limi alues, c ea ing backups on sepa a e sp eadshee o e alua ion o all backup da a. Fig. 3 Excel mac o window o pa ame e s calcula ion. In he Figu e 3 he e is he Excel mac o window o pa ame e s calcula ion. In he uppe pa he e is a cell o PEP ou pu inse ion and bellow he e a e cells o en e ing limi alues o speci ic pa ame e s. A o m o e s unc ions such as coping o limi alues o he i s engine in o limi alues o he second engine, dele ion o p e iously en e ed da a and o e all analyses o p e iously backed up da a. In addi ion, he o m p o ides hin s o he cells as can be seen in he cell o pa ame e EGT2 min. 27 3 CONCLUSIONS In his a icle he e was shown one o he simple so wa e ools o p ocessing o a huge mass o aw da a as a help o small ai plane´s ope a o s which ha e only minimal manu ac u e s suppo by he ai anspo ope a ions. Because he expec ed ai plane´s Speci ic ange deg ada ion wi h he ime could cause a big p oblem o he ligh c ew by he ai anspo ope a ion on he maximum ange, i is an ad an age o ha e some simply ool o supe ising his pa ame e o inc easing he sa e y and e iciency o ai anspo ope a ion by small ai anspo ope a o s. REFERENCES [1] Ge ing o g ips wi h ai c a pe o mance moni o ing. AIRBUS CUSTOMER SERVICES DIRECTORATE [online]. [ci . 2020-04-09]. A ailable om: h p://www.sma cockpi .com/docs/Ge ing_To_G ips_Wi h_Pe omance_Moni o ing.pd [2] DRAXLER, Ka el, Jan ROHÁČ a Ví FÁBERA. Digi ální echnologie/elek onické přís ojo é sys émy: s udijní modul 5. B no: Akademické naklada els í CERM, 2003. Učební ex y dle předpisu JAR-66. ISBN 80-7204-311-0. [3] ČIŽMÁR, Jan a Mi osla TRUBAČ. Přís ojo é yba ení (022). B no: Akademické naklada els í CERM, 2006. Učební ex y p o eo e ickou příp a u dop a ních pilo ů dle předpisu JAR-FCL 1. ISBN 80-7204-445-1. [4] How To Sea ch Wi h Mul iple Keywo ds In Ou look? Ex endO ice [online]. [ci . 2020-07-28]. A ailable om: h ps://www.ex endo ice.com/documen s/ou look/4454-ou look-sea ch- mul iple-wo ds.h ml [5] EISMIN, Thomas K. Ai c a elec ici y and elec onics. 5 h ed. New Yo k: McG aw-Hill, c2014. A ia ion. ISBN 978-0-07-179915-7 [6] DUKE. A Long-S anding, Success ul A ia ion Sa e y Repo ing Sys em. Alpa [online]. 2001 [ci . 2020-07-29]. A ailable om: h ps://public.alpa.o g/po als/alpa/magazine/2001/Jan2001_LongS anding.h m