T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XIII, No. 1, 2018
1
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SETTLEMENTS DURING
EMERGENCIES
Jasmina RADOSAVLJEVIC1, Amelija DJORDJEVIC2, Ana VUKADINOVIC3, Dejan RISTIC4
1 Uni e si y o Nis, Facul y o Occupa ional Sa e y, Nis, [email p o ec ed]
2 Uni e si y o Nis, Facul y o Occupa ional Sa e y, Nis, [email p o ec ed]
3 Uni e si y o Nis, Facul y o Occupa ional Sa e y, Nis, [email p o ec ed]
4 Uni e si y o Nis, Facul y o Occupa ional Sa e y, Nis, [email p o ec ed]
Abs ac : Du ing eme gencies which occu as a esul o uncon olled e ec s o na u al disas e s,
majo echnical and echnological acciden s and majo epidemics o in ec ious diseases,
he heal h and li e o people and he pe sis en en i onmen al deg ada ion may be a ec ed.
The e o e, i is necessa y o assess he ulne abili y o he se lemen s om na u al
disas e s and o he acciden s. The assessmen mus be p o essionally and scien i i cally
es ablished wi h a mul idisciplina y app oach. This pape de i nes me hodology o
ulne abili y assessmen o gi en popula ed a eas du ing eme gencies a ising om
uncon olled e ec s o na u al and o he disas e s which in ol es a complex analysis o
ac ual haza d p obabili ies and he le el o impac on humans, animals, p ope y, cul u al
weal h, and he en i onmen .
Keywo ds: Eme gency, ulne abili y assessmen , popula ed a ea.
Resea ch a icle
In oduc ion
Eme gencies occu as a esul o uncon olled
e ec s o na u al disas e s ( l oods, d ough s,
ea hquakes, i es, e c.), o la ge-scale echnical and
echnological acciden s (acciden s on pe oleum o
pe oleum p oduc ins alla ions, acciden s ela ed
o anspo and s o age o oxic, explosi e, and
adioac i e subs ances, hea y con amina ion o
po able wa e sp ings o esiden ial wa e supply,
la ge-scale a i c acciden s, mining acciden s,
indus ial acciden s caused by explosions, and
adiological, biological, epidemiological, and o he
echnical and echnological acciden s), and o
la ge-scale in ec ious disease epidemics, epizoo ics,
and epiphy o ics (mass in ec ions o humans,
animals, and plan s).
In he cu en esea ch li e a u e ulne abili y
is de i ned as a se o ac o s and p ocesses which
inc ease exposu e o haza ds o a ce ain e i o y o
a se lemen . Among ac o s ha a ec se lemen s
exposu e o haza ds Cons an in e al. lis ac o s
like popula ion densi y, popula ion size, land use
unc ions, quali y o cons uc ion ma e ials and
in as uc u e building echniques. (Cons an in, 2015)
Du ing he pas ew decades ulne abili y o
se lemen s has been in es iga ed bo h on na ional
and in en ional le el. Va ious aspec s we e
in es iga ed (social, ecological, economic) by
di e en au ho s. (Das e .al, 2012; Wilhelmi e . al,
2013; Leu s, 2005)
A de ailed e iew on concep ual me hodologies
o ulne abili y assessmen od popula ion,
communi ies and ecosys ems was done by De Lunge
e . al. (De Lange e . al, 2010)
This esea ch pape p esen s amewo k o
ulne abili y assessmen o popula ed a eas du ing
eme gencies based on he na ional legisla i e
in Se bia in he a ea o eme gencies and laws on
spa ial planning de elopemen .
Ma e ials and me hods
Assessmen o ulne abili y om na u al
disas e s and o he acciden s is a undamen al
documen o c ea ing he Eme gency Sa e y and
Rescue Plan on he na ional, go e nmen , local
sel -go e nmen , co po a e, and he le el o o he
o ganiza ions. (O i cial Gaze e, 93/2012)
Assessmen o ulne abili y o unwan ed
e en s du ing eme gencies is aimed a p o iding
a quali a i e and quan i a i e isk assessmen based
on he analysis o all he ele an pa ame e s ha ac
as s esso s. This ensu es p ope c ea ion o sa e y
and escue plans o na u al and o he disas e s,
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T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XIII, No. 1, 2018
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which is necessa y o adequa e isk managemen
du ing eme gencies.
The c ea ion o hese plans has o in ol e
he analysis ha co e s he ollowing aspec s:
• isks, o causes ha can lead o acciden s in
e i o ies o which he ulne abili y assessmen
is made,
• possible e ec s o eme gencies,
• es ablishmen o an adequa e o ganiza ion o
sa e y and escue o he pu pose o acciden
p e en ion and he escue o humans, p ope y,
and cul u al weal h,
• assessmen o he needs and capabili ies o
secu ing humans and p ope y necessa y o sa e y
and escue.
Vulne abili y assessmen o a e i o y is c ea ed
based on:
• all a ailable da a on na u al and o he disas e s
om he p e ious pe iod o disas e s ha could
occu in a gi en e i o y,
• po en ial o p e ious e ec s,
• scien i i c, echnical, and o he knowledge and
achie emen s,
• exis ing expe analyses ha ha e al eady been
used o could be used o haza d assessmen .
The assessmen in ol es a complex analysis o
ac ual haza d p obabili ies and he ype, scope, and
le el o impac on humans, animals, p ope y, cul u al
weal h, and he en i onmen , aking in o accoun
he popula ion densi y, echnical and echnological
con en o u ban s uc u es and indus ial zones,
he e ec o na u al o ces, popula ion mig a ion,
popula ion age, and he o al esis i i y o
he communi y and i s abili y o deal wi h he haza ds
o na u al disas e s, echnical and echnological
acciden s, disas e s, wa s and a med con l ic s,
and o he calami ies (O i cial Gaze e, 96/2012).
Resul s
Me hodology o assessing
he ulne abili y o popula ed a eas
The me hodology o assessing he ulne abili y
o popula ed a eas includes he ollowing s eps:
1. Haza d iden i i ca ion o a popula ed a ea;
2. Analysis o eme gencies;
3. Analysis o c i ical ins i u ions and buildings;
4. Analysis o indica o s o social ulne abili y;
5. Analysis o ulne abili y o economic ac i i ies;
6. Analysis o en i onmen al ulne abili y;
7. Analysis o ac i i ies o p e en ion, p o ec ion,
and/o mi iga ion o he e ec s o eme gencies.
Haza d iden i i ca ion o a popula ed a ea
The i s s ep in haza d iden i i ca ion o
a popula ed a ea is he analysis o he posi ion
and ea u es o a gi en e i o y. Assessmen o
ulne abili y o unwan ed e en s due o eme gencies
con ains da a abou he geog aphic loca ion o
he a ea, hyd og aphic and o og aphic ea u es,
me eo ological and clima ic ea u es, popula ion,
Fig. 1. Schema ic ep esen a ion o pa ame e s conside ed in eme gency iden i i ca ion in a popula ed a ea
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T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XIII, No. 1, 2018
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p ope y, cul u al weal h, p o ec ed na u al esou ces,
auna, wa e supply, ag icul u al su aces, buildings
o shel e and heal hca e pu poses, anspo a ion
and public u ili y in as uc u e, and indus ial zones.
The da a a e aken as inpu da a in he eme gency
iden i i ca ion s age (Fig. 1).
Fig. 2. Schema ic ep esen a ion o pa ame e s conside ed in analysis o eme gencies
Fig. 3. Schema ic ep esen a ion o pa ame e s conside ed in eme gency analysis o c i ical ins i u ions
and buildings
Haza d iden i i ca ion also in ol es
he iden i i ca ion o po en ial haza ds om na u al
disas e s and o he acciden s, which can be classi i ed
acco ding o hei cause in o na u al, echnical and
echnological, epidemiological, e c., in o de o
de e mine he ulne abili y le el o a popula ed a ea
(Fig. 1) (Radosa lje ić, 2010).
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T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XIII, No. 1, 2018
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o esou ces o a popula ed a ea. This analysis is o be
used o c ea e ope a i e maps o c i ical building and
ins i u ion p o ec ion (Fig. 3) (Radosa lje ić, 2010).
Analysis o indica o s o social ulne abili y
Analysis o indica o s o social ulne abili y
in ol es he iden i i ca ion o pa s o a popula ed
a ea wi h he mos socially ulne able esiden s and
hei ulne abili y in case o an eme gency (Fig. 4)
(Radosa lje ić, 2010).
Iden i i ca ion o a eas o special
signi i cance
In e ms o human se lemen s, a eas o special
signi i cance a e loca ions whe e he possibili ies o
indi idual eme gency esponse a e minimal o highly
limi ed. Regene a ion o such a eas a e an eme gency
mos ly, and some imes e en en i ely, depends on
he go e nmen ’s help. (Radosa lje ić, 2010)
Analysis o ulne abili y o economic
ac i i ies
Analysis o ulne abili y o economic ac i i ies
in ol es iden i ying he loca ions o haza dous and
ha m ul ma e ials wi hin a popula ed a ea, analyzing
he sa e y o buildings ha house haza dous and
Analysis o eme gencies
Analysis o eme gencies in ol es:
• Clea and accu a e de i ni ion o he ulne able
a ea. Analysis o acciden e ec s includes
he analysis o ulne abili y and he de e mina ion
o he possible le el o acciden . Vulne able
zones in maps a e shown h ough a delinea ion o
haza ds. Ac ions such as collec ion o s a is ical
da a o compa ison o pas e en s a e used o
he pu pose o making decisions ha will bes
help u ilize he capaci ies o comba ing haza ds
in a gi en e i o y (Fig. 2).
• Ranking o ulne able a eas. This p ocedu e is
used o quan i y he haza d and clea ly de e mine
he p io i y o ac ions (Fig. 2) (Radosa lje ić, 2010).
Analysis o c i ical ins i u ions
and buildings
Analysis o c i ical ins i u ions and buildings
in ol es he posi ion and cha ac e is ics o
he loca ion o buildings, acili ies, and in as uc u e;
ac i i ies; usage and pu pose o su aces;
su oundings; popula ion numbe ; su ounding
ulne able buildings; schools; kinde ga ens; e c.
The classi i ca ion o c i ical ins i u ions and
buildings in o ca ego ies se es o de e mine
he ulne abili y o impo an ins i u ions, buildings,
Fig. 4. Schema ic ep esen a ion o pa ame e s conside ed in eme gency analysis o indica o s o social
ulne abili y
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T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XIII, No. 1, 2018
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ha m ul ma e ials du ing eme gencies, e c (Fig. 5)
(Radosa lje ić, 2010).
Fig. 5. Schema ic ep esen a ion o pa ame e s
conside ed in eme gency analysis o ulne abili y
o economic ac i i ies
Analysis o en i onmen al ulne abili y
This analysis uses he applicable laws pe aining
o en i onmen al p o ec ion and he ele an
in e na ional ecommenda ions. The mos commonly
used concep in he assessmen o en i onmen al isk
is he one ha de i nes he s esso sou ce, he s esso
pa h ( o a subjec o objec ), and he ulne abili y
o a subjec o objec due o he s esso (Fig. 6)
(Radosa lje ić, 2010).
Fig. 6. Schema ic ep esen a ion o he analysis
o en i onmen al ulne abili y du ing
eme gencies
Analysis o ac i i ies o p e en ion,
p o ec ion, and/o mi iga ion o he e ec s
o eme gencies
Analysis o ac i i ies o p e en ion, p o ec ion,
and/o mi iga ion o he e ec s o eme gencies
Fig. 7. Schema ic ep esen a ion o pa ame e s conside ed in eme gency analysis o en i onmen al ulne abili y
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T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XIII, No. 1, 2018
6
and o he disas e s, he p ocess does no end.
I equi es a cons an analysis o he e i ciency o
he applied me hods and in some way he Plan is
cons an ly inno a ed. (Radosa lje ić, 2010)
Conclusion
Vulne abili y assessmen o a popula ed a ea
du ing eme gencies is he s a ing poin o success ul
planning and implemen a ion o sa e y and escue
measu es, as well as mi iga ion and elimina ion o
he e ec s o eme gencies. Assessmen o
a se lemen ’s ulne abili y due o s esso s
caused by eme gencies encompasses and analyzes
all he impo an s a is ical and o he da a on
human, ma e ial, cul u al, and o he esou ces
a ailable in a gi en se lemen , as well as
he possible ypes and deg ees o ulne abili y. I
he assessmen is adequa e, i is possible o
objec i ely de e mine he mos app op ia e measu es
and p ocedu es, which will p o ide he mos
e i cien ac ion du ing eme gencies. Vulne abili y
assessmen o a popula ed a ea du ing eme gencies is
pe o med acco ding o he adop ed me hodologies,
which a e scien i i cally based, which acknowledge
he p o ession, and which in ol e a mul idisciplina y
app oach.
should sugges he ways in which he exis ing
ac i i ies a e o be adap ed o he equi emen s ha
make he popula ed a ea uly sa e/p o ec ed om
iden i i ed isks and haza ds.
The Law on P o ec ion and Rescue de i nes
he e m “eme gency managemen ” (Radosa lje ić,
2010). This implies on de e mining he basic goal
o he p o ec ion and escue sys em. Eme gency
managemen phases include p e en ion,
eadiness, esponse, ehabili a ion and mi iga ion.
The p e en ion phase includes ac i i ies o
elimina e he causes o po en ial haza ds in
a pa icula e i o y. The eadiness phase includes
he de elopmen o eme gency plan, ec ui men
and aining o s a , iden i i ca ion o supplies, e c.
In he s a e o eme gency, he esponse phase in ol es
he implemen a ion o ac i i ies p edic ed by
eme gency plan and haza d educ ion se ices such
as o de es ablishmen in an endange ed e i o y,
ac i i ies in heal hca e supe ision, ehabili a ion
o in as uc u e as well as in o ming he ci izens in
case o need. The goal o ehabili a ion is o es o e
ac i i ies in he se lemen as soon as possible.
The mi iga ion includes ac i i ies ha should educe
o elimina e isk o popula ion, hei p ope y,
ma e ial and cul u al goods and he en i onmen
(Radosa lje ić, 2010). A e he implemen a ion o
ce ain plans o p o ec ion and escue om na u al
Fig. 8. Schema ic ep esen a ion o pa ame e s conside ed in eme gency analysis o ac i i ies o p e en ion,
p o ec ion, and/o mi iga ion o he e ec s o eme gencies
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T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XIII, No. 1, 2018
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sys em and he assessmen o long- e m popula ion
exposu e o en i onmen al pollu an s using neu al
ne wo ks” (No. III-43014). The au ho s g a e ully
acknowledge he i nancial suppo o his pape by
he Se bian Minis y o Science.
Acknowledgemen s
This esea ch is pa o he p ojec “De elopmen ,
ealiza ion, op imiza ion and moni o ing o
a 5kWp g id-connec ed modula sun- acking
pho o ol aic sys em” (No. TR-33035) and
he p ojec “Imp o emen o he moni o ing
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