UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS PALMAS DE GRAN
CANARIA
MSc in Tou ism T anspo and En i onmen al Economics
THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT IN THE SMART CITIES
Ma a I. San ana Beney o
45345148-G
Supe ised by: Juan Ca los Ma ín He nández
Las Palmas de G an Cana ia
11/06/2015
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
1
ABSTRACT
Two main conce ns a ec de eloped ci ies: u ban conges ion and global wa ming. These
wo concep s walk oge he because mo e u ban conges ion would suppose an inc emen in
anspo needs which cause a ic conges ion and, o his eason, mo e pollu ion.
Hence, he aim o his wo k consis s in de elop a heo e ical anspo model in which, a
leas , hese wo conce ns will be analyzed. The base o he model is In o ma ion and
Communica ion Technologies (IT). De ices connec ed o he in e ne ha e al eady su passed
he numbe o people wo ldwide. Social ne wo k and all kind o de ices daily gene a e huge
amoun o in o ma ion.
Figu e 1: Human Beings VS In e ne Connec ed De ices
Sou ce: INDRA (2015), p. 5.
Wi h echnology o "In e ne o Things" his in o ma ion could be applied in o de o c ea e
be e socie ies, less pollu an and be e o ganized which inc ease ci izens quali y o li e.
In e ne is no only a global ne wo k o people o communica e. I is a pla o m which allows
de ices o communica e be ween hem and wi h he es o he wo ld by i sel .
"In e ne o Things" and he o ganiza ion o Big Da a (label gi en o all da a collec ed) ac oss
a powe ul pla o m would allow his inc edible amoun o da a o be used in o de o make
hings be Sma Things wi hin he con ex o he Sma Ci y.
Howe e , apa om bene i s eme ged om he pe o mance o he model, i supposes some
isks ha also a e analyzed in he cu en wo k and ecommenda ions a e p oposed o
minimize he possible impac .
Key wo ds: In e ne o hings, Big Da a, Sma Ci y, T anspo , ICT
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1995
2003
2011
2020
Human Beings
(millions)
In e ne Connec ed
De ices (millions)
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................
6
1.1 Aim o he wo k ............................................................................................
6
1.2 Me hodology ..................................................................................................
7
1.3 S uc u e .........................................................................................................
7
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .....................................................................
8
2.1 U ban T anspo conges ion p oblem ...........................................................
8
2.2 Global Wa ming ...........................................................................................
8
2.3 Sma Ci ies ..................................................................................................
9
2.4 Role o anspo in he Sma Ci y: Sma Mobili y ...................................
12
2.5 Collec i e anspo modes: San ande success ul case ..............................
15
3. SPAIN AND LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA CITY ............................
17
3.1 Popula ion ends: ageing socie y and u ban concen a ion in Spain ......
17
3.2 Las Palmas de G an Cana ia .....................................................................
19
3.3 LPA_GC Mobili y .....................................................................................
24
4. MODEL ...............................................................................................................
30
4.1 Bases ..........................................................................................................
30
4.2 P oposal .....................................................................................................
33
5. STAKEHOLDERS AND BENEFITS ..............................................................
38
6. RISKS ASSOCIATED TO THE MODEL .......................................................
42
7. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................
48
8. REFERENCES .....................................................................................................
50
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figu e 1: Human Beings VS In e ne Connec ed de ices ..............................................
1
Figu e 2: T anspo Global Impac .................................................................................
8
Figu e 3: Sma Ci y Roo ..............................................................................................
11
Figu e 4: Gene al Goals o a Sma Mobili y S a egy ..................................................
12
Figu e 5: Eindenho en (NL) Sma Mobili y .................................................................
14
Figu e 6: Benchma king .................................................................................................
15
Figu e 7: Spanish Popula ion py amid ...........................................................................
17
Figu e 8: U ban and Ru al Spanish Popula ion Dis ibu ion 1900-2008 ........................
18
Figu e 9: Popula ion Densi y in Spain .............................................................................
19
Figu e 10: Si ua ion o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia Ci y ..............................................
20
Figu e 11: Spanish Sma Ci ies Ne wo k .......................................................................
21
Figu e 12: P i a e Vehicle (VS) Public T anspo (PT) Expec ancy ..............................
26
Figu e 13: P i a e Vehicle (PV) VS Public T anspo (PT) Emissions Expec ancy .......
26
Figu e 14: 3Vs o Big Da a ..............................................................................................
30
Figu e 15: Sma Mobili y Model ...................................................................................
34
Figu e 16: Compa ison be ween cu en si ua ion VS si ua ion wi h he new model
38

MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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LISTS OF TABLES
Table 1: Applied Me hodology .......................................................................................
7
Table 2: Essen ial Fea u es o be conside ed a Medium-Size Ci y .................................
13
Table 3: Gene al C i e ia o Collec i e T anspo ..........................................................
15
Table 4: Ac ions aken by he Ci y Council in Sma Te ms .........................................
22
Table 5: Sma P ojec s in LPA_GC ...............................................................................
24
Table 6: T anspo Modes Dis ibu ion wi hin he Ci y ..................................................
25
Table 7: Ac ions aken by he Ci y Council in Sma Mobili y e ms ............................
27
Table 8: Sma Mobili y P ojec s in LPA_GC ................................................................
29
Table 9: Summa y o Mos Common senso s ha a ci y could ha e o imp o e i s
anspo sys em ...............................................................................................................
31
Table 10: Risks Impac Ma ix ........................................................................................
46
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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1. INTRODUCTION
Du ing las decades, de eloped socie ies, among which Spanish is ound, ha e been
expe ienced an inc emen in u ban a eas popula ion conges ion. The main consequence
emaining om his issue is ha his concen a ion would gene a e sys em unsus ainabili y.
Unsus ainabili y would be caused mainly because o he pe o mance o anspo sec o .
T anspo sec o is known as he conjoin o bo h eigh and passenge anspo and
ac i i ies in ol ed in he p ocess wi hin he con ex o a anspo ne wo k.
The mo e people li ing in ci ies, he mo e demand, and, because o his, he mo e eigh
anspo in he ci y. In addi ion, passenge anspo will also ise because people need o
mo e a ound and ou o he ci y. The conjoin o hese wo ac s would a ec mo e ields
han we can imagine. I a ec s he ene ge ic model, consump ion, oil ese es a accessible
p ices, g eenhouse emissions (which impac s di ec ly o ci ies' ai quali y and o global
wa ming in gene al), land and o wa e use among o he s1.
Consequen ly, global wa ming end will ise due o mo e pollu ion, no only because o he
need o mo e ehicles o passenge anspo bu o he a ic conges ion in ci ies.
People and eigh mobili y is speci ically ela ed o communi ies' de elopmen and social
in e ac ion. Implica ions o he way anspo is used a e huge and wi hou e icien anspo
sys ems ci ies and ade could no exis . This sec o has inc eased i s impo ance due o he
globaliza ion, which implies an inc ease in he amoun o goods and passenge s exchanges
wo ldwide.
So, he e i is he dilemma. T anspo is ex emely impo an in ou li es bu , a he same ime,
global wa ming is one o he mos impo an p oblems wo ldwide. The ques ion is: Is i
necessa y o each he limi ha he wo ld could wi hs and? "We simply do no ha e he
luxu y o losing ano he decade; i will be ex emely cos ly each he clima ic s abiliza ion2".
1.1. Aim o he wo k
In his Mas e Thesis he goal is, i s o all, analyze he Sma Ci y concep , wha is i and
wha does his new ci y pa adigm implies in e ms o anspo , showing he necessi y o a
new way o anspo , mo e sus ainable and in elligen , and he idea o a new anspo
ne wo k mo e in eg a ed.
Secondly, we will y o pu ou ocus in Las Palmas de G an Cana ia Ci y, Spain, one o he
Spanish ci ies included in "Red Española de Ciudades In eligen es"3, which is ying o
imp o e in e ms o ci y in elligence.
Las ly, we will y o make a e lexion and a " eac i e" p oposal p esen ing a gene alized
model called Sma Mobili y model based on he analysis o he cu en anspo si ua ion
in Las Palmas de G an Cana ia ci y and in he applica ion o ICT4 o i s pe o mance.
1 Real Academia de Ingenie ía (2009), p.1.
2 O ma Edenho e ; ci ed in Gilillis, J. (2014).
3 "Spanish ne wo k o Sma Ci ies".
4 "In o ma ion and Communica ion Technologies".
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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Howe e , he model eme ged om his wo k could be applied o any ci y by doing a p e ious
analysis o he ci y i sel ins ead o an analysis o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia.
1.2. Me hodology
Table 1: Applied Me hodology
STEP 1: wo k planning
- Documen a y e iew.
- Aim o he wo k.
- Wo k s uc u e.
STEP 2: wo k p epa a ion and elabo a ion
- P elimina y eunions
- Analysis o he cu en si ua ion
- Model p oposal
STEP 3: Analysis and esul s p esen a ion
- Resul s analysis
- Conclusions and limi a ions
Sou ce: own p epa a ion
1.3. S uc u e
As a esul o he p e ious s udy, p ojec de elopmen has ollowed he nex s uc u e:
1. In oduc ion: b ie explana ion o he wo k and i s impo ance, de ini ion o he
main objec i es and applied me hodology.
2. Theo e ical amewo k: Sma Ci y de ini ion and p oblems like ci y conges ion
and wha is he ole o anspo in i .
3. Spain and Las Palmas de G an Cana ia: he e popula ion si ua ion is ea ed and
hen, mo e deeply, in he case o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, i "Sma ci y deg ee"
is add essed.
4. Model: in addi ion o he Sma Mobili y model, concep s like senso s, "In e ne o
Things" and Big Da a a e desc ibed.
5. S akeholde s and bene i s: bene i s eme ged om he pe o mance o he model
classi ied in o each s akeholde 's own bene i s.
6. Risks associa ed o he model: isks de i ed om he model pe o mance
analysis and ecommenda ions o minimize hem.
7. Conclusions and limi a ions
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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Sou ce: own p epa a ion based on Real Academia de Ingenie ía (2009), p.43
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1. U ban T anspo conges ion p oblem
Now we ha e pu on he able ha popula ion conges ion is a eal phenomenon ha ci ies
ha e o deal wi h. This will ha e wo main e ec s in u ban anspo . On he one hand, i will
inc ease eigh demand wi hin ci ies. Companies would ha e o sa is y needs o a g ea e
popula ion and, o ha , hey will need mo e ehicles, gene ally ucks and ans, which ca y
all he s u . On he o he hand, passenge anspo demand will also ise, no only because
he e will be mo e ehicles bu because o public anspo se ices will need o be ampli ied
in o de o sa is y all popula ion.
The e o e, one o he main causes o anspo conges ion in u ban a eas is i s ising demand
end (bo h eigh and passenge ), due o he g ea e popula ion concen a ion in hose a eas.
Main consequences o u ban anspo conges ion would be delays, bo h in eigh and
passenge anspo . This will cause money losses o he companies (because hey will
p obably lose clien s) and ime losses o ci izens.
2.2. Global Wa ming
T anspo modes a e closely ela ed o way o li e. Ci ies depend and a e condi ioned, in
e ms o spa ial u baniza ion and way o li e o i s inhabi an s, by anspo ne wo ks.
Fu he mo e, anspo sec o plays a c ucial and ising ole in ene gy uses e ms and GH
(g eenhouse) emissions in global s ides.
Figu e 2: T anspo Global Impac
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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Sou ce: Own p epa a ion ob ained om h p://www.sma -ci ies.eu/
2.5. Collec i e anspo modes: San ande success ul case
San ande has u ned in o one o he examples o Sma Ci y wo ldwide in no much ime.
Based on i s "Plan Di ec o de Inno ación", San ande is going o be in he sho e m an
eno mous pla o m capable o o e i ed solu ions o ci izens and business by cap u ing da a,
ea ing hem and i s pos e io sp ead.
Tha is why he example o San ande Sma mobili y, mo e speci ically San ande Sma
Public T anspo , is going o be used as he baseline o any g ea public anspo design.
Objec i es o di e en modes o anspo ha e been es ablished in hei ac ion plan.
Howe e , in his wo k only he objec i es ela ed wi h collec i e anspo a e going o be
used.
Table 3: Gene al C i e ia o Collec i e T anspo
Ne wo ks in eg a ion
Despi e collec i e anspo has o
ci cula e wi h he p i a e anspo , e o s
need o be made in o de o seg ega e
collec i e anspo o educing ic ions
be ween hem.
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
Sma
Economy
Sma People
Sma
Go e nance
Sma Mobili y
Sma
En i onmen
Sma Li ing
Eindenho en (NL)
San iago de Compos ela (ES)
O iedo (ES)
Figu e 6: Benchma king

MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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Accessibili y
The ne wo k has o be accessible o
e e yone.
Rela ed
The ne wo k has o be expanded
h oughou he e i o y enabling and
easing ans e s be ween di e en modes
o anspo .
Connec i i y
The ne wo k has o allow he use o make
he maximum numbe o ans e s in he
same mode o collec i e anspo .
Be e se ice quali y
Collec i e anspo has o y o copy he
du a ion o any ip i i is done in p i a e
ehicle. In addi ion, hings like
commodi y and in o ma ion a e key
elemen s o choosing o no a collec i e
anspo mode.
Sou ce: Ayun amien o de San ande (No da e).
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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3. SPAIN AND LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA16
3.1. Popula ion ends: ageing socie y and u ban concen a ion in Spain
Ageing endency o Spanish popula ion du ing las decades has been g ea e han in he es
o indus ialized coun ies. The Uni ed Na ions p ojec s ha popula ion o e six y yea s old
will exceed 40% o o al Spanish popula ion in 2050, becoming he oldes coun y in he
wo ld17.
I is p ojec ed ha in he nex 15 yea s Spanish popula ion dec eases in 1.1 million people
due undamen ally o bi h a e dec ease, mo ali y a e inc ease (which will su pass he bi h
a e in 2015 acco ding o he p edic ions), and o he di e ence in he mig a ion balance.
Figu e 7: Spanish Popula ion py amid
Sou ce: INE (2014), p. 7.
Spanish popula ion has expe ienced a edis ibu ion cha ac e ised by concen a ion in ci ies
and u al exodus du ing las decades o wen ie h cen u y. Popula ion has mo ed o he mos
ac i ely economic egions, Mad id and Ba celona, and o coas al egions a ac ed by ou is ic
ac i i y, especially Medi e anean coas and he wo Spanish a chipelagos. Cen al Spain has
been g adually uninhabi ed.
16 F om now LPA_GC is going o be used ins ead o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia.
17 Fe nández, J.L. e al (No da e).
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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Figu e 8: U ban and Ru al Spanish Popula ion Dis ibu ion 1900-2008
Sou ce: INE (2008).
Nowadays (2014), Spanish popula ion, which amoun s mo e han 46.5 million inhabi an s18,
is dis ibu ed as ollowing: only 8 Au onomous Communi ies ou o 18, in addi ion o he wo
Au onomous Ci ies, concen a e 77.3% o o al popula ion. Comunidad de Mad id and
Ca aluña, wo o he 7 Au onomous Communi ies men ioned be o e, concen a e 29.6% o
o al popula ion in he whole S a e. Andalusia concen a es he g ea e numbe o inhabi an s
in Spain, 8.390.723 in 2014 (18.04% o he whole popula ion). 1.1 million people belongs o
The Balea ic Islands and 2.1 million people belongs o The Cana y Islands.
18 INE (2014), p. 2.
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
80,00%
190
0
191
0
192
0
193
0
194
0
195
0
196
0
197
0
198
0
199
0
200
0
200
8
Ru al Popula ion
66,60
65%
60,50
57%
50,50
48%
42,30
34%
26,80
22%
23,60
21,30
U ban Popula ion
33,40
35%
39,50
43%
49,50
52%
57,70
66%
73,20
78%
76,40
78,70
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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Figu e 9: Popula ion Densi y in Spain
Sou ce: INE (2011), p.4.
In a close empo a y ho izon, concen a ion in ci ies end will do no hing mo e han inc ease,
while in e io Spain will con inue losing i s popula ion. This means ha popula ion in big
ci ies will aise o e ime.
3.2. Las Palmas de G an Cana ia
Based on he Real Academia Española, a ci y is de ined as a conjoin o s ee s and buildings
con olled by a Ci y Council, in which i s nume ous and dense popula ion wo ks, in gene al,
in ac i i ies ha ha e no ela ion wi h he ag icul u e sec o .
Fi s o all we a e doing a b ie desc ip ion o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia. I has 382.283
inhabi an s (ISTAC, 2014), 3801,92 inhabi an s/km2 (Wikipedia, Las Palmas de G an
Cana ia), and he municipali y sizes a ound 105.55km2 (Wikipedia, Las Palmas de G an
Cana ia). Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, wi h San a C uz de Tene i e, plays an impo an ole
in The Cana y Islands' economy. I depic s in indus ial sec o , ade and ou ism. I allows a
cons an low o goods and people h ough he po (La Luz po was conside ed in 2013 as
he ou h mos impo an po in Spain) and ai po .
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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Nowadays, many ci ies ha e e ol ed in o Sma Ci ies. One Spanish ci y, Ba celona, has
been anked wi h he i s posi ion in Sma Ci ies Global Ranking, elabo a ed by Junipe
Resea ch, abo e ci ies like New Yo k and London19.
Ne e heles, Ba celona is no he only Spanish ci y ecognised as a Sma Ci y. Acco ding o
Red Española de Ciudades In eligen es20 (RECI), 60 ci ies o m his ne wo k. LPA_GC is
one o hem. The aim o his associa ion is sha ing in o ma ion and expe iences, wi h he las
goal o eaching an au oma ic and e icien managemen o he in as uc u es and u ban
se ices so ha hey can o e a be e quali y o li e o he ci izens. In he ollowing map he
ci ies ha o m his associa ion a e ep esen ed.
19 El Mundo.
20 Spanish Sma Ci ies Ne wo k.
Figu e 10: Si ua ion o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia

MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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Figu e 11: Spanish Sma Ci ies Ne wo k
Sou ce: www. edciudadesin eligen es.es/
Technology use in a ci y in luences se e al aspec s o i . In his wo k, he e ec s ha
echnology has in ela ion wi h he mobili y wi hin he ci y, and, because o he mobili y, he
e ec s ha i has in ela ion wi h he en i onmen a e going o be discussed.
The IT no only a e con o med as auxilia y ools o he managemen imp o emen o he
ci y, bu as essen ial elemen s o a ci y s a egy in he medium e m and in i s u u e ac ion
line: he ci ies a e going o ha e hese IT in all he aspec s ha con o m a ci y wi h he aim o
eassu ing i s sus ainabili y in he long e m., u ning in o eal Sma Ci ies.
LPA_GC has de ined i s own Sma ision based on 4 pilla s, which a e hei objec i es21.
1. Sea ou ism
Medium-high Sma Deg ee
- A ac ou is s om new ma ke s and inc ease he a e age expendi u e pe
ou is .
- Being a "quali y des ina ion" in o de o be di e en om he es o he
island.
- P omo e beaches and wa e spo s enjoymen .
2. Mobili y
Medium-high Sma Deg ee
- Cos op imiza ion and inclusion o all public anspo s modes.
- Inclusion o all public anspo s modes unde he same me hod o paymen .
21 Ayun amien o de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia (no da e; a), p. 13.
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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3. U ban se ices
Medium-low Sma Deg ee
- P omo e in e ope abili y wi h o he municipal se ices.
- U ban se ices managemen compu e iza ion.
- P omo e municipal egula ions ha imp o e ene ge ic e iciency.
4. E-Go e nmen
Medium Sma Deg ee
- De elopmen o in e ope able and in o ma ion- sha e c oss-pla o ms o he
ull p ocess o he Elec onic Adminis a ion.
- Se ices homogenei y and highe quali y in he se ices o e ed o he ci izens.
Sma Ci y pa h
Taking he p e ious ou pilla s in o accoun , LPA_GC, ough he Ci y Council, has
de eloped se e al ad ances in Ci y In elligence e ms. Wha is mo e, LPA_GC has lo s o
p ojec s, which a e going o be named in able 5.
Table 4: Ac ions aken by he Ci y Council in Sma Te ms
Applica ions
- LPA A isa: In oduced in 2013, i s u ili y is epo ing incidences in s ee
u ni u e o he capi al ha specialis s ecei e and y o ix. Then, he ci izen is
in o med ough he applica ion o he ix p ocess s a e.
- LPA Pa k: Also in oduced in 2013. In less han one yea mo e han 100.000
pa king ope a ions we e conduc ed by his applica ion. I se es o paying he
Regula ed Pa king A ea wi hou bo h mo emen and cash bu ough he app.
- LPA Accesible: I iden i ies bo h handicapped accessible and no accessible
poin s. This is use ul o he Local Au ho i ies, in o de o de elop an accessible
da a base o imp o ing ci y accessibili y, and o he ci izens due o he
planning ha hey could make be o e going ou and o epo ing p oblems
di ec ly o he Local Au ho i ies ac oss he app.
- LPA Visi : I con ains all ou is ic in o ma ion a ailable o he ci y, wi h he
ad an age o no Wi i equi emen .
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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Digi al signa u e and in eg a ed ax adminis a ion
I speeds up all he ci izens' p ocedu es and allows i ual communica ion wi h
T easu y and educes wai ing ime. The digi al signa u e educes cos s in e ms o
human esou ces, pape wo k and imes.
LPA_GC Sma Des ina ion
The conjoin o IT plus ou ism. LPA_GC ecei e he i s " ou is ic demons a ion
cen e" which is o med by ools kike in o ma ion sys ems o know he ou is 's
beha iou , in elligen ou is ic o ices... Fu he mo e, The Tou is ic House which has
se e al applica ions o imp o e he in o ma ics' channels ha he ou is ha e.
On-line ce i ica es o esidence, on-line plenum-wa ching and pa icipa ion i ual
ga eway
Wi h he on-line ce i ica e o esidence he e is no need o mo e o an o ice in o de
o ob ain i (p ocess' speed-up). The possibili y o plenum-wa ching c ea es a close
ela ionship among he go e nmen and ci izens. The pa icipa ion i ual ga eway,
allows "popula o e" by in e ne o issues such as he Ca ni al mo i e.
O he p oceedings
- Wi i scope ampli ica ion
- Open Da a ga eway: allows some public se ices (Guaguas Municipales,
T a ic, Accessibili y...) o p o ide ci izens wi h in e es ing and use ul
in o ma ion bu wi h he las oal ha he echnological sec o could make
applica ions and so wa e om his in o ma ion.
Sou ce: Ayun amien o de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia (no da e;a), p. 18-26.
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
24
Table 5: Sma P ojec s in LPA_GC
High p io i y
Medium P io i y
Low p io i y
High complexi y
Se ices
digi aliza ion and
LPA Mobili y App.
Inno a ion engines,
ci izens adap a ion
o IT.
In elligen pa ks
and ga dens.
Medium
complexi y
Ci izen CRM
(Cus ome
Rela ionship
Managemen ) and
ci izens
pa icipa ion.
T anspa ency
ga eway.
In o ma ion use
supe ision and
was e disposal
se ice
ans o ma ion.
Low complexi y
Sma Des iny and
Pape less
adminis a ion.
Digi al comme ce,
ene ge ic e icien
se ices.
Knowledge
managemen .
Sou ce: Ayun amien o de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia (no da e; a), p. 35.
3.3. LPA_GC Mobili y
I is essen ial o explain wha he collec i e anspo o e in he ci y is and wha i s cu en
si ua ion is. In his wo k, da a supplied by he Ci y Council in he documen "LPA_GC
Mo ilidad en T ans o mación"22 has been aken as he e e ence da a sou ce, because hese
a e he mos ecen and eliable da a.
22 Ayun amien o de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia (no da e; b).
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
31
"Ins i u o de Ma ke ing online" classi ies he a ie y o da a in h ee g oups:
People o people (P2P): da a collec ed by he communica ions among people. Fo example
emails sen , You ube and Facebook uploads, Twee s sen , Web Blogs and so on.
People o Machine (P2M): In o ma ion collec ed by E-comme ce, Bank Ca ds, compu e s
and websi es isi ed, Mobiles, Digi al TV and mo e. I is called P2P because is he in e ac ion
be ween people and machines. People u ns on he compu e and buy some hing speci ic.
Machine o Machine (M2M): In con as o he abo e ela ion, in his case people do no do
any hing. I is a ela ion among machines. This is ou case. Table 9 shows a summa y o
di e en de ices used o collec da a h ough his M2M p ocess.
By i sel , da a does no gene a e in o ma ion. I is he ea men o da a which gene a es
use ul in o ma ion. I is he e when echnology and in elligence ha e o join in o de o c ea e
a Sma Solu ion.
These senso s a e he i s s ep in e e y IoT p ocess26. An imp essi e amoun o in o ma ion
is ga he ed ac oss hem (Da a Collec ion) o hen being sen o a i ual pla o m, no mally
called Big Da a pla o m, ha o ganizes hem (Da a P ocessing) making possible i s use o
p edic and manage u ban luxes o inally boos he in elligen managemen o he ci y27.
Table 9: Summa y o mos common senso s ha a ci y could ha e o imp o e i s
anspo sys em28
Espi as
This ype o senso could measu e in ensi y, occupa ion, speed and classi ica ion o
ehicles.
CCTV (Closed Ci cui Tele ision)
I is a ci cui o came as all a ound he ci y which i s main pu pose is con ol di e en
ac i i ies and e en s, such as oo ball ma ches, s ikes and so on.
26 IoT concep explained in poin 2.3.
27 Uni e si a Poli écnica de Ca alunya (no da e), p. 7.

MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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Example 1: In he case o SM he CCTV could be used o con ol he a ic low in
eal ime, wi h he possibili y o knowing whe e conges ion a e and wha is he bes
op ion o a oid i .
Example 2: In addi ion, no only a ic low conges ion, bu people conges ion could
be used o edi ec he a ic o sa is y he demand in each momen (This will be
ea ed deepe la e on).
LPR (License Pla e Reade ), an enna o cap u ing Blue oo h / WiFi de ices and
elec onic eade s called TAGs
All hese echnologies allow calcula e a el ime among consecu i e uni s.
An ennas cap u e he signal o each uni i he uni has WiFi / Blue oo h connec ion
(like a Sma Phone o Na iga o ). This will pe mi know whe e a uni ( ehicle) is in
each momen .
RFID ags a e li le de ices ha looks like a s icke which a e placed in an objec , in his
case ca s, and con ain an ennas connec ed o an RFID (Radio F equency Iden i ica ion)
emi e o ecep o . This allows communica ion be ween he objec and he
emi e / ecep o wi h he ad an age o , o example, c ossing oad ools wi hou
s opping (because you Tag is p epa ed o pay au oma ically) o en e ing in a ga age
wi hou s opping o pay because you ca is au oma ically ecognised.
LPRs help manage s o he ci y o know, o example, ca pa k usage, pedes ian
c ossing usage, numbe o ehicles along he oad, a eas o low and high conges ion,
equency, loca ion and cause o oad wo ks. Ob iously, his ool (LPR) needs a CCTV
sys em. I came as don' exis , licenses pla es could no be iden i ied.
GPS (Global Posi ioning Sys em)
GPS has lo s o applica ions wi hin a Sma Ci y. I is used o know whe e he ehicles
a e posi ioned. Bu ... wha kind o ehicles?
I allows knowing he posi ion o any ehicle ha has a GPS ins alled. Knowing his i
is possible o know he ou e o ou es ha i has aken. No only o p i a e ehicles bu
o public anspo such as buses o axis.
Sou ce: Wikipedia (a;b and c).
A eal example o a ci y which uses hese senso s is Ba celona. To eed hei da a pla o m
hey ins alled nume ous senso s h oughou he ci y. 116 espi as, 15 Blue hoo h an ennas,
RFID Tags and GPS. Using hese de ices, Ba celona made a simula ion in he a ea o
Ensanche ba celonés, which due o i s dimensions and a ic low can be equipped o a
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
33
medium-sized Spanish ci y. The simula ion was success ul. They demons a e ha he model
hey used was obus and he esul s we e eliable29. This is an old p ojec in Ba celona
(2013). Now, i is he mos impo an Sma Ci y in he wo ld acco ding o Junipe Resea ch
(2015). Being awa e o his, i is clea ha his example is he i s s ep ha any ci y which
wan s o excel in Sma ness has o ollow.
4.2.P oposal
We ha e been explaining he basic pe o mance o a Sma Mobili y model wi hin he Sma
Ci y, bu now is he momen o apply all which ha e been poin ed ou o Las Palmas de G an
Cana ia Mobili y. Linking he in o ma ion o he cu en si ua ion o anspo in LPA_GC
wi h he bases o any SM mobili y model and he change om a Push model o a Pull
anspo model he ollowing igu e explains he pe o mance o wha could be he dynamic
in LPA_GC i he ci y ollows he logical s eps.
29 El País.
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
34
Figu e 15: Sma Mobili y model
Sou ce: own p epa a ion.
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
35
Da a sou ces
In he g aph abo e h ee blue a ows show he in lux o open/ aw da a in o he pla o m. We
ha e alked abou da a coming om senso s, (Sou ce A), bu no abou da a coming om
in e nal in o ma ion o Taxis and Buses. In spi e o his di e en ia ion, all da a comes om
Machine o Machine p ocedu e.
Taxis and Buses a e he only public anspo in LPA_GC. Fo his eason only hei in e nal
da a can be added o he Big Da a pla o m. Fi s , le 's explain how hese wo modes o public
anspo wo k o unde s anding wha kind o in o ma ion would be use ul o he model.
Sou ce B: Taxis
In he island o G an Cana ia axi se ice is di ided by municipali ies. In o he wo ds,
LPA_GC has hei own axis wi h pe missions o do se ices in he ci y o LPA_GC. The ci y
has 1.640 axi licenses, which suppose one axi pe 230 neighbou s. Only Mad id, Ba celona
and San a C uz de Tene i e ha e mo e axis pe inhabi an . The e o e, LPA_GC is he ou h
ci y in Spain in e ms o axis pe inhabi an 30.
Taxi Radio G an Cana ia (Ta ag anca) is a coope a i e o med by 7 municipali ies, being Las
Palmas de G an Cana ia one o hem. This coope a i e has an impo an echnological base.
A axi can be solici ed by ci izens in di e en ways:
 By he App Ta ag anca "TaxiClick"
- Possibili y o knowing whe e he axi is in each momen since he o de
- Possibili y o being able o know he ype o ehicle ha is going o do he se ice
- Possibili y o choosing an adap ed ehicle o handicap people
- Possibili y o paying wi h c edi ca d
 By he websi e www. a ag anca.o g
 By SMS
 By elephone
 S opping a axi in he s ee
The ac o being a coope a i e implies ha hey wo k in e nally. In o ma ion collec ed by
axi se ice will be eally in e es ing o cons uc a sma mobili y model. Fu he mo e, he
huge a e o axis pe inhabi an ha LPA_GC has is ano he eason why axis could collec a
lo o u ban anspo in o ma ion.
In o ma ion o in e es
 In o ma ion o he whole se ice ha a axi does in a day and ollowing days.
 Knowing his, o example, places whe e axis do mo e se ices could be iden i ied
and poin s whe e axis do no no mally go could also be iden i ied.
 Mos equen ou es done by axi d i e s.
 Iden i ica ion o a ic jams and acciden s, because he e a e always axis in s ee s so
i is like a 24 hou s se ice o a ic in o ma ion.
30 h p:// www. a ag anca.o g
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
36
 C owded o emp y a eas.
All hese in o ma ion could be easily collec ed by M2M echnology. A GPS could p o ide
geog aphic posi ioning in seconds and, i he axis lee is p o ided wi h his kind o de ices,
i would no be oo di icul o gene a e a posi ioning map, indica ing a ic p oblems o
e en ions o he swi chboa d. Fo his eason, in o ma ion collec ed by axis would be a big
help o he Big Da a pla o m.
Dynamic and eal ime in o ma ion could be p o ided by axis, in addi ion o senso s
dis ibu ed h oughou he ci y.
Sou ce C: Buses
The abo e appliance o M2M o axis could be he same in he case o public buses. As well
as axis, buses a e ci cula ing almos 24 hou s ac oss he ci y. The only di e ence among he
in o ma ion ha axis could p o ide o he model wi h he in o ma ion ha buses could
p o ide is ha buses ha e hei s a ic ou es, which could only pe mi collec ing in o ma ion
in he same places. When some special e en is celeb a ed buses inc ease he equency o he
se ice, bu no mally h ough he same lanes. Taxis change hei ou e depending on a ic
s a e and also in special e en s so, in some manne , hey co e a g ea e su ace han buses.
Howe e , i would be use ul o collec in o ma ion om hese wo modes o public anspo .
Bus sys em in he island o G an Cana ia wo ks sepa a ely i he ip is u ban o i i is in e -
u ban. The company called Global is in cha ge o he in e -u ban ips. I was c ea ed in 2000
by he usion o Salcai (in cha ge o sou he n a ea) and U insa (in cha ge o he no he n
a ea). Apa om his, he company called Guaguas Municipales b ings he se ice wi hin he
ci y o LPA_GC and i is a public company since 1979. Bo h Global and Guaguas
Municipales a e in o he buses coope a i e called Au o idad Única de T anspo e de G an
Cana ia, which is o med also by o he li le p i a e buses companies which p o ide se ice
o li le owns.
The g ea p oblem in G an Cana ia is ha , because wo di e en companies a e in cha ge o
he in e -u ban and u ban anspo , and in spi e o being pa o he same coope a i e, hey
use di e en applica ions o calcula e ou es. In o he wo ds, ci izens can calcula e hei ou e
wi hin he ci y using he applica ion o Guaguas Municipales bu , i you wan o calcula e
you ou e om he ci y cen e o a own ou o he ci y i would be impossible. You would
need o use he applica ion o Global o calcula e you ou e ou o he ci y, which means
double e o and no an e icien sys em a all.
The only hing ha he wo companies ha e done h ough his coope a i e, which ob iously
does no sol e he p oblem a all, is c ea ing a bonus ca d which allows only people o ce ain
subu bs o combine bo h se ices wi h he same bonus ca d and always wi hin he
municipali y a ea o LPA_GC31.
Ne e heless, in ou wo k we a e no going o ocus in his kind o in e ope abili y p oblem
because i is no he idea o he wo k. Ou ocus will be u ban anspo , which means ha we
a e going o analyze he cu en si ua ion o Guaguas Municipales.
31 h p://www.guaguas.com

MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
37
I is o med by 242 ehicles, 40 lanes (37 diu nal and 3 noc u nal). In addi ion, he e a e 746
bus s ops which a e ope a i e 365 days a yea 32.
This company has i s own applica ion which allows he cus ome o know he buses
equency, bus s ops lis and nea es bus s op, di e en ou es ac oss he ci y and mo e. I is
disposable o sma phones and in he websi e.
In addi ion, in 2014 hey de eloped hei con ac less bonus ca d which eases he paymen in
buses bu also could allow he company o know which ou es is aken by each passenge .
Guaguas Municipales has also a big p esence in social ne wo k, communica ing all news hey
ha e. Howe e , he se ice o his public u ban company, which means ha i is con olled by
he Ci y Council, could be imp o ed wi h he applica ion o ou model i his company gi es
hei in e nal da a o he Big Da a pla o m.
In o ma ion o in e es
 Slowes and as es ou es and easons o why is i like ha .
 O igin and des iny o cus ome s by using he in o ma ion p o ided by con ac less
bonus ca d.
 Mos c owded ou es.
 Mos c owded bus s ops.
Big Da a Pla o m
Once he in o ma ion sou ces ha e been iden i ied, le 's s a explaining wha he pu pose o
collec ing he in o ma ion is.
Raw da a, o Open Da a, is ans e ed om hese sou ces o he Big Da a pla o m.
In o ma ion collec ed by senso s is commonly known as Open Da a and i has been p o ed
ha lo s o possibili ies o business gene a ion a ound open da a in speci ic ecosys em,
Sma Ci ies, exis . In o ma ion collec ed by senso s needs o be ea ed. Well p ocessed da a
in he ci ies is he key o he sma se ices, is like he money o he comme ce. Wi hou
da a he se ices will no be sma , hey will be jus se ices33.
The p ocess occu ed in a Big Da a pla o m ollowing in some manne his pa e n: da a
en e s in he Big Da a in o m o aw da a. Once he da a is en e ing in he pla o m a p ocess
known as Ex ac , T ans o m and Load (ETL)34 is in cha ge o il e ing da a, emo ing
ou lie s and eco e ing lack o da a needed. Then, da a goes o ano he da a base called Da a
Wa ehouse. He e, da a is bo h in eg a ed and sepa a ed in o de o c ea e in o ma ion ha
could be consul ed and analysed.
A e his p ocess, da a is co ec ly o ganized o use i o , o example, c ea ing new
applica ions which ease he li e o he ci izens. Howe e , no only applica ions a e he u ili y
o collec ing and con e ing da a. In he ollowing pa ag aphs wha could be done wi h his
in o ma ion and who is going o bene i om i will be explained.
32 h p://www.guaguas.com/laemp esa
33 Miguel Ga cía (2015), p. 4.
34 Wikipedia(d).
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
38
5. STAKEHOLDERS AND BENEFITS
Ou model is like a new anspo pa adigm. The change om a Push anspo model o a
Pull anspo model. Using da a ob ained by senso s and o ganized by he i ual pla o m
will allow manage s o he anspo sys em o adap anspo o e o he demand in eal
ime.
Wha is known as a Push Model is when he s a egy o a company looks owa d he
dis ibu ion channels. In o he wo ds, when is he company who es ablishes he amoun o
good o se ice ha needs o be consumed. I all he p oduc o he se ice ha he company
planned is no consumed, he company would ha e s ock and ice e sa. I all goods o
se ices ha he company planned a e consumed and he demand is equi ing mo e, he
company would ha e s ock sho ages.
This is how he anspo sys em wo ks nowadays in LPA_GC. They use S a ic Es ima ions
o demand, which means conside ing no empo a y a ia ion in he demand end a e he
momen i has been calcula ed and, by he way, any modi ica ions in he se ice du ing a
no mal pe iod.
Figu e 16: compa ison be ween cu en si ua ion VS si ua ion wi h he new model
Sou ce: own p epa a ion.
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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The aim o a Sma Collec i e T anspo sys em is o be a Pull Model. Pull Models a e hose
in which is he dis ibu ion channel, in ou case use s o collec i e anspo , wha de e mines
he le el o he se ice o good. In his case he company will be passi e un il he demand
asks o he se ice o good. This could be applied in anspo ne wo ks by using Dynamic
Es ima ion o demand. Now he se ice o p oduc , in ou case collec i e anspo se ice,
is subjec ed o demand equi emen s. I he demand is highe , he se ice anspo will
inc ease i s equency o capaci y o abso b he demand peak and, i by he con a y he
demand dec ease, he se ice will educe i s equency o capaci y.
The whole ci y will see epe cussions o his model i i is implan ed. A less conges ed and
be e o ganized ci y would eme ge om a ic op imiza ion. Fo his, pollu ion le els o he
ci y would be less, because he a ic would be be e o ganized and, in special, because he
imp o emen in public u ban anspo s managemen would gene a e a g ea impac in he
en i onmen due o he ac ha i is a non-s op se ice.
The eupon, is exposed a lis o bene i s, sepa a ed by each s akeholde 35, ha his model
would suppose i i is implemen ed36.
Taxis
As i has been explained a he beginning o his pa ag aph, he change om a Push model o
a Pull one would suppose a be e adap a ion o he u ban anspo s o he demand.
I axis se ice use he in o ma ion ob ained om senso s dis ibu ed h oughou he ci y, o
example came as which de ec s clumps, and also om i s own in o ma ion as we named in
poin 4.2, hei se ice could be much be e han now. In o he wo ds, i each axi s and has a
came a which de ec s he numbe o people he e and immedia ely his came a send a signal
o axis in o de o co e ha demand. In his way, axis would be edi ec ed o he poin ha
needs o be sa is ied, making clien s happy wi h he se ice. This "me hod" could be used no
only in axis s ands bu in s ee s. When some clumps a e de ec ed in speci ic places came as
would also send a signal and edi ec axi a ic o he poin . In his case, i would also sa e
clien s' ime and ene gy because hey would no need o use he applica ion o calling axi
se ice because hey would be he e be o e clien s ha e hough in calling one.
I will suppose a bene i bo h o clien s and o he axi company because i would educe
cos s in e ms o ene gy needed o un hei ehicles. I would also make he se ice mo e
e icien and axi d i e s will coun wi h pe ec in o ma ion, no as be o e.
The ideal hing would be a axi coope a i e in he whole e i o y, in G an Cana ia. Doing
his he se ice will be mo e e icien because he abo e sys em o axis' edi ec ion
depending on he condi ions o he a ic and clumps would be mo e e ec i e i any axi in
any place could be edi ec ed. Poli ic easons make his idea an u opia37.
35 Business dic iona y. "A pe son, g oup o o ganiza ion ha has in e es o conce n in an o ganiza ion.
S akeholde s can a ec o be a ec ed by he o ganiza ion's ac ions, objec i es and policies".
36 This subsec ion has been elabo a ed wi h he help o p o esso Ra aél Pé ez (IDETIC).
37 Teldeno icias.
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
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Buses
The model would gi e he same bene i s han in he case o axis bu wi h a es ic ion. Buses
ha e hei own lines and ixed ou es. The way in which buses could imp o e hei bene i s
would be by inc easing o dec easing bus equency in a speci ic line depending on he
clumps and a ic issues. As in he case o axis, came as in buses s ops would indica e he
mos c owded bus s ops, in eal ime, and would gi e he in o ma ion equi ed o modi y he
equency. The di e ence wi h he si ua ion be o e he model is ha he changes in
equencies could be done in eal ime, no only in special e en s. This would suppose an
impo an cos educ ion due mainly o he educ ion in ene gy consump ion by i ing bes
he o e wi h he demand.
Secondly, in o ma ion eme ged om Big Dada Pla o m would also p o ide he bus company
wi h in o ma ion ha i could use in o de o op imize he bus ne wo k, knowing i some bus
s ops a e no mally emp y, analyzing o igins and des inies o passenge s and desc ibing mos
common ou es o hen op imize hem and so on.
Ci izens
This new model will allow he c ea ion o new applica ions ha will do no hing mo e han
inc ease ci izens' quali y o li e, making easie e e y daily ask. The mo e o ganized da a he
mo e uses i would ha e. Speci ically, M2M echnology will suppose a g ea ad an age o
u ban anspo passenge s due o he ac ha his echnology will ad ance hei mo emen s,
and e en hough s, be o e hey do hem. This means ha he se ice will be adap ed o hem.
Wai ing imes would be educed; ou es would be mo e e icien and, o ha eason, as e
han now; he ehicle would no be so c owded bu no so emp y, in summa y, he se ice
would be much mo e adequa e han nowadays.
Eme gency se ices
We could include in his ca ego y ambulances and police. Thanks o M2M echnology, hese
se ices would ha e he possibili y o a i e ea lie o he place o he acciden o he
eme gency and e en o know whe e he acciden is due o he ala ms sen by senso s. This is
because hey would ha e he app op ia ed echnology, like GPS p o iding hem wi h eal
da a. Fu he mo e, M2M echnology could also been applied o de ices which con ol a ic,
such as a ic ligh s, in o de o allow he as es ou e o hese se ice when an inciden
happens. This is an in e es ing poin and he e is a lo o heo y ela ed o his opic bu is no
ou pu pose wi h he wo k, so we a e no going o del e in his.
P i a e Companies
The impac o his new anspo pa adigm in LPA_GC will suppose a g ea ma ke niche o
di e en ypes o companies. Ano he Mas e Thesis could be done explaining in de ail how
companies could exploi a ic big da a in o de o imp o e hei companies ( his in o ma ion
would be sold o companies ha ask o i by he Big Da a pla o m). Fo example:
 Ma ke ing ac ions in he company: business can inc ease (o dec ease) i s
ma ke ing ac ions i hey con ol he mos c owded (o he mos emp y) slo s in some
a eas. Knowing he ansi pa e n in hei a ea, o e en eal da a which ad ise hem o
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
47
Financial
Resou ces ailu e o
de eloping he Big
Da a Pla o m.
High
Analyse which o
he h ee scena ios
would be be e
depending on he
inancial si ua ion o
each agen .
 Scena io 1
P i a e Company
 Scena io 2
Ci y Council
 Scena io 3
Join Ven u e
Financial
Resou ces ailu e o
he in as uc u e and
senso s.
High
Ma ke
Model ejec ion om
he pa o in o ma ion
sou ces
High
___
Ma ke
In o ma ion exchange
e usal
Low
Good ai h
ag eemen s o he
in o ma ion uses.
Technical
In o ma ion collec ed
in he Big Da a
pla o m insecu i y.
High
Ful il he h ee Big
Da a p inciples CIA:
 Con iden iali y
 In eg i y
 A ailabili y
Sou ce: own p epa a ion.

MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
48
7. CONCLUSION
In he cu en Mas he Thesis a Sma Mobili y model has been cons uc ed in heo e ical
e ms ying o accomplish all he equi emen s expec ed om any managemen model wi hin
he con ex o he Sma Ci y; based on he use o IT, dec easing people mo emen s and
sensible o he en i onmen . In addi ion, we ha e ocused ou model in Las Palmas de G an
Cana ia ci y. Howe e , he only hing ha would change i he model wan s o be applied in
ano he ci y a e he in o ma ion sou ces, ha in his speci ic case a e axis and buses (due o
he u ban anspo sys em o he ci y), bu hem could be any o he anspo mode,
depending on how he anspo in he selec ed ci y is o ganized.
The aim o he wo k ha was es ablished a he beginning o i is ul illed wi h he
pe o mance o he model: dec easing conges ion while dec easing pollu ion. In addi ion, a
la ge lis o bene i s di e en om hese wo is desc ibed as well.
On he one hand, sha ing in o ma ion wi h he Big Da a base would allow be e managemen
possibili ies o all s akeholde s in e es ed on i . T a ic could be o ganized in a mo e
e icien way minimizing he u ban conges ion p oblem.
On he o he hand, his model would suppose bo h sa ings o anspo companies and
educ ion in pollu ion.
Ne e heless, isks which could be eme ged om he pe o mance o he model ha e o be
aken in o accoun . Fo example, in es men needed o un he model and he possible
ejec ion on he pa o s akeholde s.
Wi hou any doub , he g ea es isk is in o ma ion secu i y in he Big Da a pla o m. The
likelihood o his isk is high because o he inc easing numbe o hacke s, people capable o
ex ac sensible and con iden ial in o ma ion om his pla o m. The po en ial e ec on he
model would be c i ical, due o he ac ha wi hou a secu e da a base he model would no
be alid. Fo his eason, i would be necessa y o de ine ac ions ha ensu e he add ess o he
h ee basic p inciples in Big Da a secu i y e ms: con iden iali y, in eg i y and a ailabili y.
Recommenda ions
To conclude, as inal ecommenda ions, I would say ha , in my opinion, a e esea ching in
his ield I belie e ha u ban conges ion p oblem is a eal and huge p oblem and ac ions o
s op pollu ion caused by i ha e o be aken be o e i is oo la e. The in e es in he model
applica ion is no only o en i onmen al issues bu o ci izens' quali y o li e. A bes
o ganized ci y in a ic e ms could pe mi a be e li e and, because o day by day mo e
people a e been concen a ed in ci ies, his issue u ns in o a mus .
Limi a ions
The eason why I added his cla i ica ion is because when my mas e u o and I s a ed o
hink in he cu en wo k we ag eed in ha he bes idea was doing deep in e iews o people
in he Ci y Council o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia. To ou disappoin men his could no be
possible. A e a ious a emp s o ge an appoin men we inally ga e up in his idea and he
wo k ca ied on wi hou hese in e iews. Addi ionally, i would no be possible o wo k wi h
eal a ic da a so ha is why he model p oposed in his wo k is a heo e ical one.
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
49
Fu he mo e, i could be said ha model implemen a ion could no be done immedia ely
because o he IT base needed in Las Palmas de G an Cana ia. The e o e, i is possible ha
when he echnological base is eady new IT exis s, so, maybe his kind o p oposal would be
obsole e by he ime.
Fu u e esea ch lines
Ou wo k has been ocused on passenge anspo , due o he ac ha a mo e complex model
would equi e mo e ime, deepe and complex in es iga ion. Howe e , lo s o in es iga ion
lines eme ged om his opic. We ha e ound he idea o ex ends he bene i s ha his model
could gi e o p i a e companies, eme gency se ices o o he s e y in e es ing. Each p i a e
company is di e en om he o he and ha is why i could suppose a challenge in his wo k,
bu i is an in e es ing opic o a PhD o o any u he in es iga ion.
MARTA I. SANTANA BENEYTO THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT
50
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