SBE16 Hambu g
In e na ional Con e ence
on Sus ainable Buil En i onmen
S a egies – S akeholde s – Success ac o s
7 h - 11 h Ma ch 2016
Con e ence P oceedings
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In e na ional Con e ence on Sus ainable Buil En i onmen
SBE16 Hambu g
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ISBN 978-3-00-052213-0
DOI: 10.5445/IR/1000051699
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In e na ional Con e ence on Sus ainable Buil En i onmen
SBE16 Hambu g
Sus ainable U banism: Resea ch-based collabo a ion o
in e cul u al and ansdisciplina y s uden eams owa ds esou ce-
e icien solu ions o challenges o cu en u ban planning on
exempla y neighbou hoods in Hambu g.
Philipp P eune , Ha enCi y Uni e si y, Hambu g, REAP Resea ch G oup Hambu g, Ge many,
philipp.p eune @hcu-hambu g.de
Sonja Schlip , Ha enCi y Uni e si y, Hambu g, REAP Resea ch G oup Hambu g, Ge many,
Sonja.schlip @hcu-hambu g.de
Udo Die ich, Ha enCi y Uni e si y, Hambu g, REAP Resea ch G oup, Hambu g, Ge many,
udo.die ich@hcu-hambu g.de
Summa y
Sus ainable u banism leads socio-cul u al se ing and esou ce-e icien use o ma e ials, wa e ,
ene gy and a ic o a syn hesis. Aspec s o sus ainable u ban planning a e densi ica ion, mixed
use, u ban sp awl, g een echnology o human scale neighbou hoods. This can be eached by
p omo ing di e se u ban sub-cen es, in a so-called polycen ic ci y like Hambu g.
In o de o apply his concep ual amewo k in a compa a i e way, se en eams o in e na ional
g adua e s uden s p oposed solu ions on sub-cen es in Hambu g, based on an in-dep h analysis
o hose neighbou hoods. Pa icipan s ha e di e en academic and p o essional backg ounds in
o de o be able o analyse, discuss and p opose in a b oad, in e disciplina y way. Also, hey ha e
a di e se cul u al backg ound, which cons i u es a global unde s anding wi h ega ds o echnolo-
gy, poli ics, cul u e and clima e.
The aim o his collabo a ion is o de i e s a egies o he imp o emen o li abili y and sus aina-
bili y o u ban neighbou hoods h ough ex ensi e communica ion among di e se pe spec i es.
The p esen ed ou come is based on c i ical heo e ical discussions, case s udy analysis and con-
ex ualised, de ailed physical in e en ions which shall be adap ed o o he loca ions in a use ul
way.
Keywo ds: In e disciplina y Planning, Polycen ic Ci y, Sus ainable U banism, Bes P ac ice
1. In oduc ion
Find ou wha makes a neighbou hood sus ainable and p opose measu es o make i mo e sus-
ainable and li able, “ o e hink whe e and how we li e, wo k, play and shop” [1]. Basically, his
was he ask o a esea ch-based p ojec wo k a Ha enCi y Uni e si y Hambu g (HCU) o 29
in e na ional s uden s o he mas e o science deg ee p og amme Resou ce E iciency in A chi-
ec u e and Planning (REAP). Bu wha makes an u ban neighbou hood li able? Re e ing o he
ac ha mo e han hal o he wo ld's popula ion is now li ing in u ban a eas and hese a eas a e
consuming 75 pe cen o he wo ld's na u al esou ces and 60 o 80 pe cen o he global ene gy
p oduc ion, u ban and en i onmen al planning mus “apply inc emen al app oaches as well as
seeking majo economic and social change wi h s a egies ha will wo k, o en isage and apply a
new, da ing and ambi ious en i onmen alism o adically e-enginee ou u ban se lemen s” [2].
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Ci ies need o become mo e compac and esou ce-e icien and planning equi es “holis ic ap-
p oaches and whole-o -sys em hinking o deal wi h he en i e 'u ban me abolism'" [3].
In e cul u al and ansdisciplina y wo k is p ac ical eali y in planning, which equi es o p epa e
s uden s as he u u e decision make s o u ban de elopmen o ha oo. The aspec o di e se
esea ch, eaching and p ac ise is being in eg a ed in o planning p inciples, in con as o con en-
ional esea ch and discussion, which end o o ge he e lec ion o planne ’s pe spec i e and
backg ound [9]. This pape epo s o a one- e m, 10 c edi poin s cou se called P ojec 2 (P2) in
he second e m o REAP. I p esen s majo ou come ela ed o a ic, ma e ial, wa e and ene gy,
which se es as an example o how o apply he concep o sus ainable neighbou hoods h ough
academic knowledge exchange. We a gue ha in ensi e in e disciplina y mas e 's p og ammes
ha e po en ial o ans o m he way Sus ainable U banism (SU) is being ansmi ed and applied.
Fi s (Sec ion 2), his pa adigm and i s majo p inciples will be explained. Sec ion 3 desc ibes he
p og amme and he composi ion o he g oups. Then (Sec ion 4), we will go on wi h he ocus
opics he g oups deal wi h and gi e an o e iew o he ools which we e used o he analysis
and p oposals. Sec ion 5 p esen s ema kable ou come, bo h o SU and he si ua ion in Hambu g.
In he conclusion (Sec ion 6), we will summa ize and discuss how he p ojec wo k may be u he
applied.
2. Sus ainable U banism: Concep and Pa adigm
The ac ha “o e hal o he wo ld’s popula ion li es in u ban a eas and his p opo ion is ex-
pec ed o g ow o 67 pe cen in 2050” [2], in combina ion wi h clima e change cause he u gen
need o u ban planning o se he cou se o en i onmen ally esponsible, socially equi able and
economically iable solu ions [4].
“The sma g ow h, new u banism and g een building mo emen s p o ide he philosophical and
p ac ical bones o sus ainable u banism” [1], which is he heo e ical con ex o REAP. I p omo es
widely ag eed p inciples o how o plan a ci y in o de o make i sus ainable, meaning inclusi e,
esilien , p ospe ous and ecological. SU is he mains eam pa adigm o planning in he la e 20 h
and ea ly 21s cen u y in con as o mode nis planning subsequen o indus ialism. Fig. 1 sum-
ma ises he main p inciples o SU and esou ce e icien u ban planning along one o he s uden
eam’s p ojec aspec s in Hambu g.
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SBE16 Hambu g
The so called compac ci y o high densi y is polycen ic and human-scale wi h access o na u e [1,
4]. This means ha he e a e neighbou hoods wi hin he ci y which p o ide di e si y in land use
and social s a a, based on “ he idea o he ci y as a mixing po o people o di e en cul u al,
e hnic and class backg ounds” [2]. The u ban layou seeks o minimize he dis ance “ a elled pe
pe son pe day be ween wo kplace, home, school, shops and leisu e ac i i ies” [6] o be e so-
ciabili y [4] and low-ca bon anspo a ion and e icien ene gy supply (po en ial educ ion o 50%
[1]). While accep ing u ban a eas being condensed habi a s, SU aims o ehabili a e ci ies owa ds
na u al sys ems by inco po a ing g een space and na u al wa e cycles. Clima e change as one o
he d i e s o he global sus ainabili y mo emen in luences u ban planne s wi h ega ds o adap-
a ion o changing clima ic condi ions and i s consequences. Embedded in his con ex , he a chi-
ec u al and enginee ’s aim is o p o ide high-pe o mance buildings and anspo a ion.
Acco ding o Moo e (2013), his “ o ma ion ac o s, p ac ises and p inciples” [9] uns he isk o
blind ansplan a ion because i does no ques ion i s o ma ion and, subsequen ly, he eal chal-
Fig. 1 Mul i C i e ia Analysis. Sou ce: REAP P1 (Sie e , Schul e, Vallada es, Valdeneb o)

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S a egies – S akeholde s – Success ac o s
lenges. This call o mo e e lec ed and con ex ualised ans e and applica ion o SU can be
sol ed by educa ing people he way REAP does; his will be subjec o he nex sec ion.
3. The REAP Mas e P og amme and i s cen al P ojec 2
The applica ion o concep s like human scale design and compac , polycen ic ci ies a e in e ela -
ed o a complex mix o economic, aes he ic, en i onmen al, social and echnical ques ions and
ha e o be deal wi h likewise. This is he aim o REAP, which is in en ionally di e se in wo di e -
en espec s: I is in e -disciplina y as i inco po a es mo e han en di e en unde g adua e and
p o essional backg ounds (enginee s, na u al and social sciences). This means di e en concep-
ual knowledge le els, di e en app oaches o sol ing p oblems and di e en a i ude o wo k and
wo kload. As Bo ill (2015) pu s i , “a chi ec u e like ecology is su ounded and suppo ed by mul i-
ple disciplines” [7].
Mo eo e , he pa icipan s come om om ou con inen s and 17 di e en coun ies, a condi ion
o cul u al and pe sonal di e si y. The people ha e known each o he as hey s udy a wo yea s
p og amme oge he and hey know Hambu g as expa esiden s. Pa icipan s o med se en
mixed g oups o ou s uden s and chose a qua e in Hambu g and wo ou o he ocus scopes
(SU, Wa e , T a ic, Ene gy, Ma e ials). Those scopes a e co e ed by pa allel lec u es which ga e
inpu on he opics and he lec u e s we e a ailable o expe consul ing. In conclusion, he di e -
si y o REAP is no only no ma i e, i a he challenges he pa icipan s in a ious ways du ing he
eam p ojec s.
4. Scopes and Me hodology
The p ojec was di ided in o wo pa s: analysis and p oposal. Du ing he i s pa , he g oups
used a mul i-c i e ia analysis (Fig. 1) and a ious indica o s o analyse 1000m x 1000m o a
neighbou hood. Exempla y o dense u ban neighbou hoods, he loo a ea a io (FAR) was used
o show he ela ion be ween g oss loo a ea and si e a ea [8]. In o de o decide upon densi ica-
ion measu es, FAR shows po en ial especially in sub-u ban qua e s o Hambu g (Fig. 2). Ano he
measu e ela ed o u ban wa e cycles is in il a ion po en ial in o de o e alua e he possibili ies
o decen alised s o mwa e managemen (Fig. 3).
Fig. 2 Floo A ea Ra io. Sou ce: Own Compila ion based on HCU REAP P2; Google Maps.
Fig. 3 In il a ion Po en ial [%]. Sou ce: Own Compila ion based on HCU REAP P2; Google Maps.
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In o de o complemen wa e -, ene gy- and ma e ial-cycles as echnical scopes wi h he socio-
economic side o u ban planning, SU was chosen as a c oss-cu ing scope by se e al g oups. Fo
hem, his widely mean o pu physical in e en ions in a socio-economic con ex . Gen i ica ion
plays a ole in some o he qua e s, as he en index (Fig. 4) shows. In o de o conside ha , he
s uden s’ p oposed inancial solu ions o implemen a ions, which can con ibu e o jus ice in in-
come dis ibu ion and pa icipa ion.
Pa icipa ion also became an issue when polycen ic ci ies we e discussed. The de ini ion o a
sub-cen e depends a lo on he inhabi an s pe cep ion, “ he ideal did no always co espond o
de elopmen eali y, wi h many sel -decla ed ‘neighbou hoods’ ei he oo small o suppo any land
use a ie y o oo la ge o be conside ed walkable” [1]. Some o he indica o s could ha dly be
compa ed because o ha . The ca ego isa ion o public and p i a e space, o example, u ned ou
o be e y di e en . Howe e , his discussion was essen ial due o he “legi ima e ole o he public
sec o o p omo e high quali y design h ough planning, si e assembly, p ocu emen and in es -
men ” [4]. The sha e o open space owne ship was analysed h ough si e su eys in combina ion
wi h sa elli e image y, whe eas he public space a io anges om 17% o 77% o he o al open
space a ea. Rela ed o his in e es in open space design, se e al p oposals came up o imp o e
he si ua ion, which show he ele ance o i , wi h ega ds o o he scopes (e-ca cha ging s a ions
o ene gy, bike lanes o a ic, g eene y o wa e , eg.).
Following he sus ainabili y analysis, he chosen scopes lead o opics o de ailed physical in e -
en ions:
Fig. 4 Ren index in € pe m². Sou ce:
h p://www.hambu gpo al.de/immobilien/Mie wohnungen/mie enspiegel.h ml
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S a egies – S akeholde s – Success ac o s
Few g oups combined wo in as uc u al sopes, like T a ic and Ene gy. This was caused by he
speci ic in e ela ed si ua ion o hei qua e . Demand side o ien a ion and connec i i y (walkabili y)
we e opics which was deal wi h in se e al di e en p oposals. The highligh s a e subjec o he
ollowing sec ion.
5. Cases in Hambu g: Topics and ema kable ou come.
5.1 Ene ge ical Analysis o Hamme b ook
Being p edominan ly indus ial and comme cial (2% esiden ial land use a io), he a ea shows
po en ial o densi ica ion (only 758 inhabi an s pe km²) and be e mix o use. Due o he low
dis ic co e age a io, i is sui able o enewable ene gy p oduc ion owa ds a sel su icien qua -
e (70% o dis ic a ea is excellen sui able o sola powe ). The subsequen aim was o p opose
a demand side managed ene gy p o ile o he qua e in ol ing p i a e and public s akeholde s.
Fig. 5 Focus o g oups and chosen scopes. Sou ce: Own Compila ion based on HCU REAP P2;
Google Maps
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In e na ional Con e ence on Sus ainable Buil En i onmen
SBE16 Hambu g
The pho o ol aic (PV) po en ial analysis shows be e esul s compa ed o o he loca ions (Fig. 6),
p omising he possibili y o a sel -su icien qua e in e ms o ene gy. The ollowing design p o-
posal (Fig. 7 & 8) o u ilising his po en ial uses mode n PV echnology in o de o each almos
20 GWh annually.
5.2 Food Was e Concep o Eimsbü el
In o de o combine SU wi h u ban ma e ial cycles, one eam de eloped a concep o ood e i-
ciency. Communi y based o ganisa ions, which collec ood was e and p ocess i o low income
esiden s aims o educe ood was e and i s ela ed CO2 emissions on he one hand and edis i-
bu ion o esou ces on he o he . The hea o hese ac i i ies is a museum o aise awa eness
abou ood was e and i s consequences.
Fig. 6 PV Po en ial [% o powe demand o dis ic inhabi an s which could be co e ed po en ially
by PV Modules]. Sou ce: Own Compila ion based on HCU REAP P2; Google Maps.
Fig. 7 & Fig. 8 P ojec esul : U ban PV Design. Sou ce: REAP P2 (Ca s ens, Kuma , Abdella i ,
Shambulo a)