Sustainable Urbanism: Research-based collaboration of intercultural and transdisciplinary student teams towards resourceefficient solutions for challenges of current urban planning on exemplary neighbourhoods in Hamburg

SBE16 Hambu g In e na ional Con e ence on Sus ainable Buil En i onmen S a egies – S akeholde s – Success ac o s 7 h - 11 h Ma ch 2016 Con e ence P oceedings O ganised by )$6 )BGFO$JUZ6OJWFSTJUÊ U )BNCVSH 4 In e na ional Con e ence on Sus ainable Buil En i onmen SBE16 Hambu g Imp in Con e ence o ganise s In coope a ion wi h ZEBAU – Cen e o Ene gy, Cons uc ion, A chi ec u e and he En i onmen GmbH www.zebau.de )$6 )BGFO$JUZ6OJWFSTJUÊ U )BNCVSH Edi ed by: ZEBAU – Cen e o Ene gy, Cons uc ion, A chi ec u e and he En i onmen GmbH, G oße Elbs aße 146, 22767 Hambu g, Ge many This P oceedings a e published unde he ollowing C ea i e Commons license: h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ This booN was p epa ed om he inpu ¾les supplied by he au ho s. The publishe is no esponsible o he use which migh be made o he ollowing in o ma ion. 2016 P in ed on 100% ecycled pape . D ucke ei in S . Pauli, G oße F eihei 70, 22767 Hambu g, Ge many ISBN 978-3-00-052213-0 DOI: 10.5445/IR/1000051699 Suppo ed by 1206 In e na ional Con e ence on Sus ainable Buil En i onmen SBE16 Hambu g Sus ainable U banism: Resea ch-based collabo a ion o in e cul u al and ansdisciplina y s uden eams owa ds esou ce- e icien solu ions o challenges o cu en u ban planning on exempla y neighbou hoods in Hambu g. Philipp P eune , Ha enCi y Uni e si y, Hambu g, REAP Resea ch G oup Hambu g, Ge many, philipp.p eune @hcu-hambu g.de Sonja Schlip , Ha enCi y Uni e si y, Hambu g, REAP Resea ch G oup Hambu g, Ge many, Sonja.schlip @hcu-hambu g.de Udo Die ich, Ha enCi y Uni e si y, Hambu g, REAP Resea ch G oup, Hambu g, Ge many, udo.die ich@hcu-hambu g.de Summa y Sus ainable u banism leads socio-cul u al se ing and esou ce-e icien use o ma e ials, wa e , ene gy and a ic o a syn hesis. Aspec s o sus ainable u ban planning a e densi ica ion, mixed use, u ban sp awl, g een echnology o human scale neighbou hoods. This can be eached by p omo ing di e se u ban sub-cen es, in a so-called polycen ic ci y like Hambu g. In o de o apply his concep ual amewo k in a compa a i e way, se en eams o in e na ional g adua e s uden s p oposed solu ions on sub-cen es in Hambu g, based on an in-dep h analysis o hose neighbou hoods. Pa icipan s ha e di e en academic and p o essional backg ounds in o de o be able o analyse, discuss and p opose in a b oad, in e disciplina y way. Also, hey ha e a di e se cul u al backg ound, which cons i u es a global unde s anding wi h ega ds o echnolo- gy, poli ics, cul u e and clima e. The aim o his collabo a ion is o de i e s a egies o he imp o emen o li abili y and sus aina- bili y o u ban neighbou hoods h ough ex ensi e communica ion among di e se pe spec i es. The p esen ed ou come is based on c i ical heo e ical discussions, case s udy analysis and con- ex ualised, de ailed physical in e en ions which shall be adap ed o o he loca ions in a use ul way. Keywo ds: In e disciplina y Planning, Polycen ic Ci y, Sus ainable U banism, Bes P ac ice 1. In oduc ion Find ou wha makes a neighbou hood sus ainable and p opose measu es o make i mo e sus- ainable and li able, “ o e hink whe e and how we li e, wo k, play and shop” [1]. Basically, his was he ask o a esea ch-based p ojec wo k a Ha enCi y Uni e si y Hambu g (HCU) o 29 in e na ional s uden s o he mas e o science deg ee p og amme Resou ce E iciency in A chi- ec u e and Planning (REAP). Bu wha makes an u ban neighbou hood li able? Re e ing o he ac ha mo e han hal o he wo ld's popula ion is now li ing in u ban a eas and hese a eas a e consuming 75 pe cen o he wo ld's na u al esou ces and 60 o 80 pe cen o he global ene gy p oduc ion, u ban and en i onmen al planning mus “apply inc emen al app oaches as well as seeking majo economic and social change wi h s a egies ha will wo k, o en isage and apply a new, da ing and ambi ious en i onmen alism o adically e-enginee ou u ban se lemen s” [2]. 1207 S a egies – S akeholde s – Success ac o s Ci ies need o become mo e compac and esou ce-e icien and planning equi es “holis ic ap- p oaches and whole-o -sys em hinking o deal wi h he en i e 'u ban me abolism'" [3]. In e cul u al and ansdisciplina y wo k is p ac ical eali y in planning, which equi es o p epa e s uden s as he u u e decision make s o u ban de elopmen o ha oo. The aspec o di e se esea ch, eaching and p ac ise is being in eg a ed in o planning p inciples, in con as o con en- ional esea ch and discussion, which end o o ge he e lec ion o planne ’s pe spec i e and backg ound [9]. This pape epo s o a one- e m, 10 c edi poin s cou se called P ojec 2 (P2) in he second e m o REAP. I p esen s majo ou come ela ed o a ic, ma e ial, wa e and ene gy, which se es as an example o how o apply he concep o sus ainable neighbou hoods h ough academic knowledge exchange. We a gue ha in ensi e in e disciplina y mas e 's p og ammes ha e po en ial o ans o m he way Sus ainable U banism (SU) is being ansmi ed and applied. Fi s (Sec ion 2), his pa adigm and i s majo p inciples will be explained. Sec ion 3 desc ibes he p og amme and he composi ion o he g oups. Then (Sec ion 4), we will go on wi h he ocus opics he g oups deal wi h and gi e an o e iew o he ools which we e used o he analysis and p oposals. Sec ion 5 p esen s ema kable ou come, bo h o SU and he si ua ion in Hambu g. In he conclusion (Sec ion 6), we will summa ize and discuss how he p ojec wo k may be u he applied. 2. Sus ainable U banism: Concep and Pa adigm The ac ha “o e hal o he wo ld’s popula ion li es in u ban a eas and his p opo ion is ex- pec ed o g ow o 67 pe cen in 2050” [2], in combina ion wi h clima e change cause he u gen need o u ban planning o se he cou se o en i onmen ally esponsible, socially equi able and economically iable solu ions [4]. “The sma g ow h, new u banism and g een building mo emen s p o ide he philosophical and p ac ical bones o sus ainable u banism” [1], which is he heo e ical con ex o REAP. I p omo es widely ag eed p inciples o how o plan a ci y in o de o make i sus ainable, meaning inclusi e, esilien , p ospe ous and ecological. SU is he mains eam pa adigm o planning in he la e 20 h and ea ly 21s cen u y in con as o mode nis planning subsequen o indus ialism. Fig. 1 sum- ma ises he main p inciples o SU and esou ce e icien u ban planning along one o he s uden eam’s p ojec aspec s in Hambu g. 1208 In e na ional Con e ence on Sus ainable Buil En i onmen SBE16 Hambu g The so called compac ci y o high densi y is polycen ic and human-scale wi h access o na u e [1, 4]. This means ha he e a e neighbou hoods wi hin he ci y which p o ide di e si y in land use and social s a a, based on “ he idea o he ci y as a mixing po o people o di e en cul u al, e hnic and class backg ounds” [2]. The u ban layou seeks o minimize he dis ance “ a elled pe pe son pe day be ween wo kplace, home, school, shops and leisu e ac i i ies” [6] o be e so- ciabili y [4] and low-ca bon anspo a ion and e icien ene gy supply (po en ial educ ion o 50% [1]). While accep ing u ban a eas being condensed habi a s, SU aims o ehabili a e ci ies owa ds na u al sys ems by inco po a ing g een space and na u al wa e cycles. Clima e change as one o he d i e s o he global sus ainabili y mo emen in luences u ban planne s wi h ega ds o adap- a ion o changing clima ic condi ions and i s consequences. Embedded in his con ex , he a chi- ec u al and enginee ’s aim is o p o ide high-pe o mance buildings and anspo a ion. Acco ding o Moo e (2013), his “ o ma ion ac o s, p ac ises and p inciples” [9] uns he isk o blind ansplan a ion because i does no ques ion i s o ma ion and, subsequen ly, he eal chal- Fig. 1 Mul i C i e ia Analysis. Sou ce: REAP P1 (Sie e , Schul e, Vallada es, Valdeneb o) 1209 S a egies – S akeholde s – Success ac o s lenges. This call o mo e e lec ed and con ex ualised ans e and applica ion o SU can be sol ed by educa ing people he way REAP does; his will be subjec o he nex sec ion. 3. The REAP Mas e P og amme and i s cen al P ojec 2 The applica ion o concep s like human scale design and compac , polycen ic ci ies a e in e ela - ed o a complex mix o economic, aes he ic, en i onmen al, social and echnical ques ions and ha e o be deal wi h likewise. This is he aim o REAP, which is in en ionally di e se in wo di e - en espec s: I is in e -disciplina y as i inco po a es mo e han en di e en unde g adua e and p o essional backg ounds (enginee s, na u al and social sciences). This means di e en concep- ual knowledge le els, di e en app oaches o sol ing p oblems and di e en a i ude o wo k and wo kload. As Bo ill (2015) pu s i , “a chi ec u e like ecology is su ounded and suppo ed by mul i- ple disciplines” [7]. Mo eo e , he pa icipan s come om om ou con inen s and 17 di e en coun ies, a condi ion o cul u al and pe sonal di e si y. The people ha e known each o he as hey s udy a wo yea s p og amme oge he and hey know Hambu g as expa esiden s. Pa icipan s o med se en mixed g oups o ou s uden s and chose a qua e in Hambu g and wo ou o he ocus scopes (SU, Wa e , T a ic, Ene gy, Ma e ials). Those scopes a e co e ed by pa allel lec u es which ga e inpu on he opics and he lec u e s we e a ailable o expe consul ing. In conclusion, he di e - si y o REAP is no only no ma i e, i a he challenges he pa icipan s in a ious ways du ing he eam p ojec s. 4. Scopes and Me hodology The p ojec was di ided in o wo pa s: analysis and p oposal. Du ing he i s pa , he g oups used a mul i-c i e ia analysis (Fig. 1) and a ious indica o s o analyse 1000m x 1000m o a neighbou hood. Exempla y o dense u ban neighbou hoods, he loo a ea a io (FAR) was used o show he ela ion be ween g oss loo a ea and si e a ea [8]. In o de o decide upon densi ica- ion measu es, FAR shows po en ial especially in sub-u ban qua e s o Hambu g (Fig. 2). Ano he measu e ela ed o u ban wa e cycles is in il a ion po en ial in o de o e alua e he possibili ies o decen alised s o mwa e managemen (Fig. 3). Fig. 2 Floo A ea Ra io. Sou ce: Own Compila ion based on HCU REAP P2; Google Maps. Fig. 3 In il a ion Po en ial [%]. Sou ce: Own Compila ion based on HCU REAP P2; Google Maps. 1210 In e na ional Con e ence on Sus ainable Buil En i onmen SBE16 Hambu g In o de o complemen wa e -, ene gy- and ma e ial-cycles as echnical scopes wi h he socio- economic side o u ban planning, SU was chosen as a c oss-cu ing scope by se e al g oups. Fo hem, his widely mean o pu physical in e en ions in a socio-economic con ex . Gen i ica ion plays a ole in some o he qua e s, as he en index (Fig. 4) shows. In o de o conside ha , he s uden s’ p oposed inancial solu ions o implemen a ions, which can con ibu e o jus ice in in- come dis ibu ion and pa icipa ion. Pa icipa ion also became an issue when polycen ic ci ies we e discussed. The de ini ion o a sub-cen e depends a lo on he inhabi an s pe cep ion, “ he ideal did no always co espond o de elopmen eali y, wi h many sel -decla ed ‘neighbou hoods’ ei he oo small o suppo any land use a ie y o oo la ge o be conside ed walkable” [1]. Some o he indica o s could ha dly be compa ed because o ha . The ca ego isa ion o public and p i a e space, o example, u ned ou o be e y di e en . Howe e , his discussion was essen ial due o he “legi ima e ole o he public sec o o p omo e high quali y design h ough planning, si e assembly, p ocu emen and in es - men ” [4]. The sha e o open space owne ship was analysed h ough si e su eys in combina ion wi h sa elli e image y, whe eas he public space a io anges om 17% o 77% o he o al open space a ea. Rela ed o his in e es in open space design, se e al p oposals came up o imp o e he si ua ion, which show he ele ance o i , wi h ega ds o o he scopes (e-ca cha ging s a ions o ene gy, bike lanes o a ic, g eene y o wa e , eg.). Following he sus ainabili y analysis, he chosen scopes lead o opics o de ailed physical in e - en ions: Fig. 4 Ren index in € pe m². Sou ce: h p://www.hambu gpo al.de/immobilien/Mie wohnungen/mie enspiegel.h ml 1211 S a egies – S akeholde s – Success ac o s Few g oups combined wo in as uc u al sopes, like T a ic and Ene gy. This was caused by he speci ic in e ela ed si ua ion o hei qua e . Demand side o ien a ion and connec i i y (walkabili y) we e opics which was deal wi h in se e al di e en p oposals. The highligh s a e subjec o he ollowing sec ion. 5. Cases in Hambu g: Topics and ema kable ou come. 5.1 Ene ge ical Analysis o Hamme b ook Being p edominan ly indus ial and comme cial (2% esiden ial land use a io), he a ea shows po en ial o densi ica ion (only 758 inhabi an s pe km²) and be e mix o use. Due o he low dis ic co e age a io, i is sui able o enewable ene gy p oduc ion owa ds a sel su icien qua - e (70% o dis ic a ea is excellen sui able o sola powe ). The subsequen aim was o p opose a demand side managed ene gy p o ile o he qua e in ol ing p i a e and public s akeholde s. Fig. 5 Focus o g oups and chosen scopes. Sou ce: Own Compila ion based on HCU REAP P2; Google Maps 1212 In e na ional Con e ence on Sus ainable Buil En i onmen SBE16 Hambu g The pho o ol aic (PV) po en ial analysis shows be e esul s compa ed o o he loca ions (Fig. 6), p omising he possibili y o a sel -su icien qua e in e ms o ene gy. The ollowing design p o- posal (Fig. 7 & 8) o u ilising his po en ial uses mode n PV echnology in o de o each almos 20 GWh annually. 5.2 Food Was e Concep o Eimsbü el In o de o combine SU wi h u ban ma e ial cycles, one eam de eloped a concep o ood e i- ciency. Communi y based o ganisa ions, which collec ood was e and p ocess i o low income esiden s aims o educe ood was e and i s ela ed CO2 emissions on he one hand and edis i- bu ion o esou ces on he o he . The hea o hese ac i i ies is a museum o aise awa eness abou ood was e and i s consequences. Fig. 6 PV Po en ial [% o powe demand o dis ic inhabi an s which could be co e ed po en ially by PV Modules]. Sou ce: Own Compila ion based on HCU REAP P2; Google Maps. Fig. 7 & Fig. 8 P ojec esul : U ban PV Design. Sou ce: REAP P2 (Ca s ens, Kuma , Abdella i , Shambulo a)