Medi e anean Ma ine Science
Vol 21, No 1 (2020)
New Alien Medi e anean Biodi e si y Reco ds
(Ma ch 2020)
MICHEL BARICHE, SARA A.A. AL-MABRUK, MARIA
AYCA ATEŞ, ADNAN BÜYÜK, FABIO CROCETTA,
MICHAIL DRITSAS, DIALA EDDE, ANA FORTIČ,
ELISSAVET GAVRIIL, VASILIS GEROVASILEIOU,
MEHMET GÖKOĞLU, FATIH M. HUSEYINOGLU,
PARASKEVI K. KARACHLE, PERIKLIS KLEITOU, TUBA
TERBIYIK KURT, JOACHIM LANGENECK, CLAUDIO
LARDICCI, LOVRENC LIPEJ, CHRISTINA PAVLOUDI,
MAURIZIO PINNA, JAMILA RIZGALLA, MEHMET
RÜŞTÜ ÖZEN, FRANCISCO SEDANO, ERGUN
TAŞKIN, GAMZE YILDIZ, FRANCESCO ZANGARO
doi: 10.12681/mms.21987
To ci e his a icle:
BARICHE, M., AL-MABRUK, S. A., ATEŞ, M. A., BÜYÜK, A., CROCETTA, F., DRITSAS, M., EDDE, D., FORTIČ, A.,
GAVRIIL, E., GEROVASILEIOU, V., GÖKOĞLU, M., HUSEYINOGLU, F. M., KARACHLE, P. K., KLEITOU, P.,
TERBIYIK KURT, T., LANGENECK, J., LARDICCI, C., LIPEJ, L., PAVLOUDI, C., PINNA, M., RIZGALLA, J., RÜŞTÜ
ÖZEN, M., SEDANO, F., TAŞKIN, E., YILDIZ, G., & ZANGARO, F. (2020). New Alien Medi e anean Biodi e si y
Reco ds (Ma ch 2020). Medi e anean Ma ine Science, 21(1), 129–145. h ps://doi.o g/10.12681/mms.21987
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129
Medi . Ma . Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145
Medi e anean Ma ine Science
Indexed in WoS (Web o Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS
The jou nal is a ailable on line a h p://www.medi -ma -sc.ne
DOI: h p://dx.doi.o g/21987
Collec i e A icle
New Alien Medi e anean Biodi e si y Reco ds (Ma ch 2020)
Michel BARICHE1, Sa a A. A. AL-MABRUK2, Ma ia A. ATEŞ3, Adnan BÜYÜK4, Fabio CROCETTA5,
Michail DRITSAS6, Diala EDDE1, Ana FORTIČ7, Elissa e GAVRIIL8, Vasilis GEROVASILEIOU9, Mehme
GÖKOĞLU10, M. Fa ih HUSEYINOGLU11,12, Pa aske i K. KARACHLE8, Pe iklis KLEITOU13, Tuba TERBIYIK
KURT14, Joachim LANGENECK15, Claudio LARDICCI16, Lo enc LIPEJ7, Ch is ina PAVLOUDI9, Mau izio
PINNA17, Jamila RIZGALLA18, Mehme RÜŞTÜ ÖZEN19, F ancisco SEDANO9,20, E gun TAŞKIN21, Gamze
YILDIZ22 and F ancesco ZANGARO17
1Depa men o Biology, Ame ican Uni e si y o Bei u , PO Box 11-0236, Bei u 1107 2020, Lebanon
2Zoology Depa men , Facul y o Science, Oma Al-Mokh a Uni e si y, El Bayda, Libya
3Russian S a e Uni e si y o Humani ies, Moscow, Russian Fede a ion
4Teki o a Mah. 7005 sok. No 37 Keme /An alya, Tu key
5Depa men o In eg a i e Ma ine Ecology, S azione Zoologica An on Doh n, Villa Comunale, I-80121 Napoli, I aly
6189 00 Salamina, A ica, G eece
7Ma ine Biology S a ion, Na ional Ins i u e o Biology, Fo nače 41, 6300 Pi an, Slo enia
8Ins i u e o Ma ine Biological Resou ces and Inland wa e s, Hellenic Cen e o Ma ine Resea ch, P.O. Box 712, 19013,
Ana issos, G eece
9Ins i u e o Ma ine Biology, Bio echnology and Aquacul u e, Hellenic Cen e o Ma ine Resea ch
P.O. Box 2214, 71003 He aklion, G eece
10Akdeniz Uni e si y, Facul y o Fishe ies, An alya, Tu key
11Biosphe e Resea ch Cen e , Is anbul, Tu key
12Uni e si y o Ky enia, Gi ne, Cyp us
13Ma ine and En i onmen al Resea ch (MER) Lab L d, 202 Ama houn os A enue, Ma ina Ga dens, Block B, O ices 13-14,
Limassol 4533, Cyp us
14Cuku o a Uni e si y, Facul y o Fishe ies, Depa men o Ma ine Biology, 01130, Adana, Tu key
15Depa men o Biology, Uni e si y o Pisa, ia De na 1, 56126 Pisa, I aly
16Depa men o Ea h Sciences, Uni e si y o Pisa, ia San a Ma ia 53, 56126 Pisa, I aly
17Depa men o Biological and En i onmen al Sciences and Technologies, Uni e si y o Salen o,
S.P. Lecce-Mon e oni – 73100 Lecce, I aly
18Depa men o Aquacul u e, Facul y o Ag icul u e, Uni e si y o T ipoli, T ipoli, Libya
19 Ispa a Uni e si y o Applied Sciences, Fishe ies Facul y, 32260, Ispa a, Tu key
20Labo a o io de Biología Ma ina, Depa amen o de Zoología, Uni e sidad de Se illa, Spain
21Manisa Celal Baya Uni e si y, Facul y o A s and Sciences, Depa men o Biology, Yunusem e, Manisa 45140, Tu key
22Bu sa Uludağ Uni e si y, Facul y o A s and Sciences, Depa men o Biology, Nilü e , Bu sa, 16059, Tu key
Abs ac
The cu en a icle p esen s 18 new eco ds om se en Medi e anean coun ies. These eco ds include one hodophy e, ou
nudib anchs, wo c us aceans, one s ing ay and 10 bony ishes. They a e g ouped by coun y as ollows: Lebanon - i s eco d o
he S iped bass Mo one saxa ilis, he s ing ay Himan u a leopa da, he A eola e g oupe Epinephelus a eola us and he Spo - in
po cupine ish Diodon hys ix om a ious pa s o he coun y; Tu key - i s eco d o he in asi e ed alga G a eloupia u u u u
om he sea o Ma ma a ( egion o Bandı ma), he sea slug Goniob anchus obsole us and he c ab A cania b e i ons om he
Gul o An alya and he cladoce an Pleopis schmacke i om se e al loca ions along he Aegean Sea; Cyp us - i s eco d o he
alien sea slug Be hellina ci ina om he egion o Cape G eco and an obse a ion o a bu e ly ish Heniochus sp. om he no h-
eas e n side o he island; G eece - i s eco d o he alien sea slug An eaeolidiella lu ana om he egion o He aklion in C e e
and he eco d o he A lan ic spade ish Chae odip e us abe and he Black su geon ish Acan hu us c gahhm om Salamina
Island; Slo enia - i s eco d o he alien sea slug Thecace a pennige a om Izola; I aly - i s eco d o he hyb id S iped bass
(Mo one saxa ilis × Mo one ch ysops) om he no he n Ty henian Sea and a i s eco d o he gold ish Ca assius au a us om
he egion o Apulia; Libya - i s eco d o he Red Sea goa ish Pa upeneus o sskali and he A ican su geon ish Acan hu us
mon o iae, espec i ely om he eas e n (Al-Tamimi a ea) and he wes e n sho e (Al-Khums a ea).
130 Medi . Ma . Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145
In oduc ion
The ma ine wo ld is adi ionally di ided in o majo
biogeog aphic egions wi h ela i ely ague bounda ies.
Biogeog aphy econs uc s he in luence o geological
his o y on he dis ibu ion o o ganisms o e long em-
po al and la ge spa ial scales, as well as in e ms o in e -
ac ion o ma ine o ganisms wi h hei physical and bio ic
en i onmen s, bu o e sho empo al and small spa ial
scales (Mooi & Gill, 2002). Ma ine li e o he p esen
Fig. 1: Loca ions o he eco ds om he “New Medi e anean Biodi e si y Reco ds (Ma ch 2020). The numbe s o loca ions a e
gi en in Table 1.
Table 1. Species included in “New Alien Medi e anean Biodi e si y Reco ds (Ma ch 2020)”, sys ema ically o de ed by phyla, de ailed
in subchap e s (SC), wi h indica ions on o igin o species (COS – Cosmopoli an, CIR – Ci cum opical, IO – Indian Ocean, IP – In-
do-Paci ic, WA – Wes A lan ic, EA – Eas A lan ic, WP – Wes Paci ic, SEA – Sou heas Asia), basin o he epo ed inciden (EM – Eas
Medi e anean, CM – Cen al Medi e anean), and loca ion numbe (LN) as in Figu e 1.
Species SC O igin Basin Coun y Exac locali ies LN
Phylum Rhodophy a
G a eloupia u u u u 2.1 WP EM Tu key Bandı ma 7
Phylum Mollusca
An eaeolidiella lu ana 4.1 CIR EM G eece He aklion 14
Be hellina ci ina 3.1 IP EM Cyp us Cape G eco 12
Goniob anchus obsole us 2.2 IO EM Tu key An alya 8
Thecace a pennige a 5.1 CIR CM Slo enia Izola Ma ina 18
Phylum A h opoda
A cania b e i ons 2.4 IP EM Tu key An alya Bay 8
Pleopis schmacke i 2.3 IP EM Tu key
Kuşadası, Güllük and Göko a Bays
9-11
Phylum Cho da a
Acan hu us c gahhm 4.2 IP EM G eece Salamina Island 17
Acan hu us mon o iae 7.1 EA CM Libya Al-Khums 23
Ca assius au a us 6.2 SEA CM I aly Salen o, Apulia 20-21
Chae odip e us abe 4.2 WA EM G eece Salamina Island 15-16
Diodon hys ix 1.1 CIR EM Lebanon Ty e 6
Epinephelus a eola us 1.1 IP EM Lebanon Sa a and and Bei u 4-5
Heniochus sp. 3.3 IP EM Cyp us No heas Cyp us 13
Himan u a leopa da 1.1 IP EM Lebanon Bei u 3
Mo one saxa ilis 1.1 WA EM Lebanon Sa a and and Saida 1-2
Mo one saxa ilis × Mo one ch ysops 6.1 WA CM I aly Gombo 19
Pa upeneus o sskali 7.1 IP CM Libya Al-Tamimi 22
131
Medi . Ma . Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145
Medi e anean Sea o igina es om se e al majo geolog-
ical e en s, mos no ably i s sepa a ion om he Indian
Ocean a e he o ma ion o he Is hmus o Suez and he
pos -Messinian c isis pe iod, which allowed A lan ic sea-
wa e and ma ine o ganisms o en e om he S ai o
Gib al a and colonize he Medi e anean basin. Today,
his ma ine li e is conside ed na i e o he Medi e anean,
as opposed o o he o ganisms ha ha e mo e ecen ly a -
i ed, e e ed o as alien. The main sou ce o hei a i al
is he Suez Canal, which is esponsible o he p esence
o alien o ganisms o Indo-Paci ic o igin (Lessepsian mi-
g an s). O he pa hways o in oduc ion include aquacul-
u e, o namen al pe ade, shipping, oil igs and ange
expansion o ma ine bio a om he opical A lan ic (e.g.
Galil, 2012; Zene os e al., 2012; Pajuelo e al., 2016).
As such, housands o alien species a e cu en ly a ec -
ing he Medi e anean biodi e si y and ecosys ems (e.g.
S e a is & Zene os, 2006; Ka sane akis e al., 2014).
Biological eco ds a e hus impo an o documen he
p esence o bo h alien and na i e species ha a e a e o
ha e a i ed ecen ly. This allows he imp o emen o
knowledge on he dis ibu ion o ma ine species, ange
expansion and new alien species a i als o he Medi-
e anean. While some eco ds a e adi ionally made by
scien i ic su eys, he use o social media and ci izen sci-
ence is a powe ul mode n app oach ha has also been
used o apidly de ec new occu ences in he Medi e -
anean Sea (Ba iche & Azzu o, 2016; Roy e al., 2018).
This collec i e a icle p esen s 18 new eco ds o he
Medi e anean Sea, comp ised o wo hodophy e, ou
axa o nudib anchs, wo c us aceans, one s ing ay and
10 bony ish axa. Mos o hese eco ds we e p e iously
e-po ed om o he egions in he Medi e anean,
excep o ou species (Mo one saxa ilis,
Chae odip e us abe , Acan hu us c gahhm,
Heniochus sp.) and he hyb id (Mo one saxa ilis ×
Mo one ch ysops). In his a icle, au ho names
appea in alphabe ical o de and all e-co ds a e om
he eas e n and cen al Medi e anean Sea. These eco ds
we e ca ego ized by coun y and a anged om eas o
wes . The exac locali ies a e illus a ed in Figu e 1
and de ailed sys ema ically in Table 1.
1. LEBANON
1.1 Fi s eco ds o exo ic ma ine ish species (Mo one
saxa ilis, Himan u a leopa da, Epinephelus a eola us,
Diodon hys ix) om Lebanon
Michel BARICHE and Diala EDDE
The geog aphic loca ion o Lebanon on he Le an-
ine coas , i s p oximi y o he Suez Canal, and p obably
i s signi ican unde wa e deg ada ion, make i s ma ine
en i onmen suscep ible o con inuous coloniza ion by
non-indigenous species, mainly o Indo-Paci ic o igin
(e.g. Zene os e al., 2017). In ac , a ela i ely la ge num-
be o ma ine species o a ious o igins ha e been e-
po ed om he Lebanese wa e s in he las ew decades
(e.g. C oce a e al., 2015), possibly as a esul o a ious
modes o in oduc ion (e.g. Zene os e al., 2017). Social
ne wo king has p o ed o be a powe ul ool o de ec
non-indigenous and a e species in he ma ine en i on-
men and many eco ds could no ha e been de ec ed a
a e y ea ly s age o he wise (e.g. C oce a e al., 2015).
This wo k upda es he species numbe and dis ibu ion o
non-indigenous ish species in he Medi e anean om
he coas al wa e s o Lebanon.
Mo one saxa ilis (Walbaum, 1792)
The S iped bass Mo one saxa ilis (Ac inop e ygii:
Mo onidae) is a species na i e o he no h-wes e n A -
lan ic ocean (F oese & Pauly, 2019). I is ela i ely easily
iden i ied by i s a ched p o ile and se en o eigh dis inc
and unin e up ed ho izon al s ipes on each side o he
body (Hodson, 1989). In i s na i e habi a , his oppo u-
nis ic pisci o e, li es in coas al wa e s and en e s i e s
o eed and ep oduce. We he eby epo he cap u e o
wo indi iduals o his species om he eas e n Med-
i e anean Sea: On 7 Feb ua y 2018, he i s indi idu-
al was caugh while sho e angling in Sa a and (app ox.
33.447261° N, 35.275731° E) and on 13 June 2019, an-
o he indi idual was also cap u ed by an angle o Saida
(app ox. 33.565969° N, 35.366533° E), on he sou he n
coas o Lebanon (Fig. 2). The wo ish we e no e ie ed
as hey we e consumed; only pic u es we e sha ed on
ishe men g oups on social media. The con inuous lon-
gi udinal s ipes p esen along he sides o he body o
Mo one saxa ilis make he species easily dis inguishable
om he na i e seabass Dicen a chus lab ax (Linnaeus,
1758), which lacks he cha ac e is ic s ipes, and om
D. punc a us (Bloch, 1792) which has small da k ma k-
ings sca e ed o e back and sides ins ead (Fische e al.,
1987). These s ipes also dis inguish i om he com-
monly cul u ed hyb id s iped bass (Mo one saxa ilis ×
Mo one ch ysops), which ypically displays discon inuo-
us s ipes behind he pec o al in and below he la e al line
(Hodson, 1989). Mo one saxa ilis is p obably an escapee
om aquacul u e acili ies as he species and i s hyb id
a e comme cially p oduced by Is aeli a me s (Fishe y
and Aquacul u e Coun y P o iles, 2018). The p esence
o such cul u ed species in he eas e n Medi e anean is
ala ming knowing ha he likelihood o i s es ablishmen
is ela i ely high. Mo one saxa ilis is a la ge p eda o
ha is highly ole an o en i onmen al a iables and has
p e iously es ablished ep oducing popula ions in he
no h-eas e n Paci ic and elsewhe e (Hodson, 1989). Fu -
he mo e, he species has he possibili y o in e b eeding
wi h na i e Medi e anean seabasses, which may p oduce
e ile hyb ids, as is he case o Mo one saxa ilis × Mo o-
ne ch ysops (Hodson, 1989).
132 Medi . Ma . Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145
Himan u a leopa da Manjaji-Ma sumo o & Las 2008
The amily Dasya idae is comp ised o abou a hun-
d ed species o s ing ays ound in he A lan ic, Indian
and Paci ic Oceans (F oese & Pauly, 2019). The Medi-
e anean and he Black Sea egion hos s six species o
s ing ays, o which Himan u a ua nak (Gmelin, 1789) is
conside ed a Red Sea immig an (F oese & Pauly, 2019).
In ac , his ish has been shown o be a g oup o se -
e al c yp ic species o simila ly pa e ned opical s ing-
ays dis ibu ed h oughou he Indian and Paci ic oceans
(e.g. A lyza e al., 2013). “Himan u a ua nak” has been
mode a ely eco ded in he Medi e anean Sea since he
1950s in he eas e n basin. A ecen e ision o he am-
ily showed he p esence o ou species wi hin he ge-
nus Himan u a (Las e al., 2016), o which H. leopa da
Manjaji-Ma sumo o & Las , 2008 was also ound along
he Medi e anean coas o Tu key (Manjaji-Ma sumo o
& Las , 2008; Yucel e al., 2017). Fu he mo e, Himan u-
a u ul Bo sa, Du and, Shen, Alyza, Solihin & Be ebi,
2013 has also been iden i ied om he Indo-Wes Paci ic
as ano he c yp ic s ing ay wi hin he species complex
(Bo sa e al., 2013). We he eby epo he i s eco d o
Himan u a leopa da (Fig. 2) o Lebanon and he second
eco d o he Medi e anean, based on pho og aphs ak-
en by a scuba di e on 12 Sep embe 2018 a six me e s
dep h o Bei u (33.904242° N, 35.482543° E). While all
known Himan u a species ha e a simila homboidal disc
shape wi h an angula snou ip and a long, slende , whip-
like ail, he indi idual pho og aphed is simila o adul s
(>550 mm DW) o H. leopa da in ha ing he unique leop-
a d-like ma kings on he do sal su ace. Con a ily, he
closely ela ed Himan u a ua nak has small black spo s
o ine e icula ions in adul s and H. undula a has s ik-
ing e icula ions and ings (Manjaji-Ma sumo o & Las ,
2008). The indi idual om Lebanon also di e s om H.
u ul (sensu Bo sa e al., 2013) by he deg ee o in e -
up ion in he con ou o he spo ing pa e n, whe e he
ocellae con ou s a e mixed polygons (Fig. 2), while in H.
u ul all ocellae ha e in e up ed ou lines and some imes
no de ined shapes (Bo sa e al., 2013). O he di e enc-
es, such as he a angemen o he midscapula den icles
o dis inc ions a he molecula le el, a e no possible o
de ec based on pho os (e.g. Manjaji-Ma sumo o & Las ,
2008; Las e al., 2016). The leopa d-like ma kings on
he do sal sides also cons i u e unique spo ing pa e ns,
which di e en ia e all Himan u a species om he na i e
s ing ays p esen in he Medi e anean and he Black Sea
egion.
Epinephelus a eola us (Fo sskål, 1775)
The A eola e g oupe Epinephelus a eola us (Ac-
inop e ygii: Se anidae) is a common se anid species
in he Indo-Wes Paci ic egion. I has a b oad dis ibu-
ion om he Red Sea and he eas e n coas o A ica o
sou he n Japan and as a as New Caledonia (F oese &
Pauly, 2019). Epinephelus a eola us li es usually in he
icini y o seag ass meadows o o e sil y sand bo oms
nea ocks o dead co als and can g ow up o 40 cm. The
species has been p e iously eco ded om he Medi e -
anean based on one specimen collec ed by an angle
a a dep h o abou 37 m on 30 Augus 2015 o Hai a
(Ro hman e al., 2016). We he eby epo he cap u e o
wo addi ional indi iduals o his species, cons i u ing
he second and hi d eco ds om he eas e n Medi e a-
nean: On 20 No embe 2019, an indi idual o an unusu-
ally spo ed g oupe was caugh in he egion o Sa a and
(app ox. 33.460097° N, 35.286547° E), o he sou he n
coas o Lebanon. The indi idual was spea ed by a di -
e a abou 30 m dep h (Fig. 3). On 6 Decembe 2019,
Fig. 2: Mo one saxa ilis and Himan u a leopa da eco ded om he coas o Lebanon. (A) Sa a and (33.447261° N, 35.275731°
E), 7 Feb ua y 2018; (B) Saida (33.565969° N, 35.366533° E), 13 June 2019; (C; D) Bei u (33.904242° N, 35.482543° E), 12
Sep embe 2018.
A C
D
B

133
Medi . Ma . Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145
ano he E. a eola us was cap u ed wi h hook and line by
an angle o Bei u (app ox. 33.833911° N, 35.458081°
E), a abou 40 m dep h (Fig. 3). The pic u es o he wo
indi iduals we e sha ed wi h he au ho s h ough social
media (FacebookTM and Facebook Messenge ). Bo h
specimens we e no e ie ed as hey we e consumed and
only pic u es a e a ailable.
Diodon hys ix Linnaeus, 1758
The Spo - in po cupine ish Diodon hys ix (Ac i-
nop e ygii: Diodon idae) is a ci cumglobal species ound
in opical and sub- opical ma ine a eas in he A lan ic
and Indo-Paci ic egions (F oese & Pauly, 2019). In i s
na i e habi a , he species li e in lagoons and on ee
slopes down o abou 50 m dep h eeding on ben hic in-
e eb a es. Diodon hys ix has been spo adically eco d-
ed in se e al pa s o he eas e n cen al A lan ic, such
as in Madei a, he Azo es, he A lan ic coas o Mo oc-
co and he Ibe ian Peninsula ( e iewed in O dines e al.,
2018). The only alid eco ds om he Medi e anean
a e om he Gul o Ta an o in I aly, he Balea ic Islands
and Cyp us (O dines e al., 2018; Klei ou e al., 2020).
We he eby epo he cap u e o one indi idual o his
species, cons i u ing he ou h eco d om he Medi e -
anean: On 9 Decembe 2019, an indi idual o D. hys ix
was caugh in he egion o Ty e (app ox. 33.267164° N,
35.190972° E), in he sou h o Lebanon. The indi idu-
al was cap u ed wi h hook and line by an angle ishing
om he sho e (Fig. 3). The ish was disca ded assuming
i has oxic spines.
The con inuous epo s o ecen a i als o non-in-
digenous ma ine species is o key impo ance o docu-
men he occu ence and sp ead o hese species in he
Medi e anean, especially since in oduc ion a es seem
o ha e inc eased in he Medi e anean a an ala ming
a e. The S iped bass Mo one saxa ilis eco ded he e-
in is a i s eco d, while bo h Himan u a leopa da and
Epinephelus a eola us a e second eco ds and Diodon
hys ix is he ou h om he en i e Medi e anean Sea.
Fu he mo e, all ou species a e conside ed i s eco ds
o Lebanon.
Some scien is s may s ill be unce ain abou he im-
po ance o da a collec ed o e social media pla o ms,
as opposed o he collec ion o he o ganism and i s han-
dling in a labo a o y. I is ce ain ha e o s in iden i i-
ca ion may occu , pa icula ly in inconspicuous species
ha may equi e me is ic, mo phome ic, and also gene -
ic cha ac e s o iden i y species such as Himan u a leop-
a da. Howe e , no epo ing an occu ence pending he
cap u e o ano he indi idual o en means wai ing o he
species o es ablish a la ge popula ion, which may ake
yea s and inc eases he al eady exis ing bias be ween he
da e o i s sigh ing and he eal da e o a i al o he
species in he new a ea. This may esul in a less p ecise
es ima ion o he ea ly s ages o in oduc ion and he dy-
namics o colonisa ion in he egion.
Fig. 3: Epinephelus a eola us and Diodon hys ix eco ded om he coas o Lebanon. (A) Bei u (33.833911° N, 35.458081° E),
6 Decembe 2019; (B) Sa a and (33.460097° N, 35.286547° E), 20 No embe 2019; (C) Ty e (33.267164° N, 35.190972° E), 9
Decembe 2019.
A
C
B
134 Medi . Ma . Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145
2. TURKEY
2.1 Occu ence o he in asi e ed alga G a eloupia
u u u u in Tu key
E gun TAŞKIN and Gamze YILDIZ
The alien ed mac oalga G a eloupia u u u u Ya-
mada (Flo ideophyceae: Halymeniales: Halymeniaceae)
was o iginally desc ibed om Hokkaido, Japan by Yama-
da (1941), and his species is known om Aus alia, New
Zealand, China, Ko ea, Russia, F ance, B i ain, I aly,
Ne he lands, Spain, Po ugal, Cana y Islands, Wes e n
and Eas e n A lan ic, No h Ame ica, B azil, and Sou h
A ica (Gui y & Gui y, 2019). Recen ly, G. u u u u has
been epo ed om Is ael by Ka sane akis e al. (2014).
In his s udy, G. u u u u is epo ed o he i s ime in
Tu key.
Samples we e collec ed on May 2015 by sno kel-
ing a 1 m dep h in Bandı ma (Ma ma a Sea, Tu key)
(40.3620° N, 27.9819° E), whe e he species was epili h-
ic, a a empe a u e o 21ºC, salini y o 21.6. The ma e ial
was p ese ed in 4% o maldehyde in seawa e o la e
examina ion a he Depa men o Biology, Celal Baya
Uni e si y (Tu key). Using a ligh mic oscope (Nikon
SE) wi h pho og aphic equipmen (Nikon P5100), he
iden i ica ion o his alga was made on he basis o bo h
Bá ba a & C emades (2004), and Cece e e al.’s (2011)
accoun s. Thallus mucilagenous, up o 50 cm long, 1-8
cm b oad (Fig. 4A-B), a ached o he subs a um by he
enc us ing base, blade ellip ical o lanceola e, simple o
b anched, some imes p oli e a ions on he ma gin, i was
epili hic o epizoic on My ilus sp., and abundan on he
s ony subs a um a 1 m dep h. In he ans e se sec ion,
blades 300-500 µm hick, 4-6 laye o co ical cells, me-
dulla y cells ilamen ous (Fig. 4C). O he species p esen
a he collec ion si e we e: Cys osei a spp., Ellisolandia
elonga a, Ul a igida, Polysiphonia elonga a, Ce amium
i ga um (Fig. 4D). The Ma ma a Sea is an inland sea
which sepa a es Eu ope and Asia. I connec s o he Black
Sea h ough he Bospho us S ai , and o he Aegean Sea
h ough he Da danelles S ai . I has in ense ma i ime
a ic. G a eloupia u u u u may ha e eached Tu key
h ough ballas wa e .
2.2 An alien Ch omodo id nudib anch (Goniob an-
chus obsole us Rüppell & Leucka , 1830) in he Gul
o An alya
Mehme GÖKOĞLU and Adnan BÜYÜK
The Le an ine Sea, si ua ed in he eas e n pa o he
Medi e anean Sea, is unde he in luence o immig a ion
om he Indo-Paci ic h ough he Suez Canal (Zene os,
2017). Many lessepsian o ganisms ha e been eco ded by
in he coas s o Tu key (Çina e al., 2011).
One o he species ha has ecen ly en e ed he Medi-
e anean ia he Suez Canal is Goniob anchus obsole us
(Rüppell & Leucka , 1830). This species was i s iden-
i ied along he coas o Is ael by Hale y e al. (2015).
Subsequen ly, he species was epo ed om he coas o
Cyp us (Klei ou e al., 2019).
On 24 June 2019, du ing scuba di ing in a subme ged ca e
loca ed a he dep h o 5 m on he An alya Falez (36.849133°
N, 30.778211° E), a sea slug was seen on he ca e wall (Fig.
5). This sea slug was pho og aphed and iden i ied as Gonio-
b anchus obsole us (Rüppell & Leucka , 1830) acco ding o
Rudman (2004) and Klei ou e al. (2019). This is he i s e-
co d o G. obsole us om Tu key and he hi d om he Med-
i e anean Sea wi hin 5 yea s, which indica es ha he species
is al eady es ablished in he Le an ine Sea.
Fig. 4: The in asi e ed alga G a eloupia u u u u om Tu -
key. (A-B) polymo phisms o he habi o G a eloupia u u u u
in Tu key; (C) he ans e se sec ion o he hallus; (D) habi a
o unde wa e (A owheads: G a eloupia u u u u). Scale ba s:
A-B: 5 cm. C: 100 μm. Fig. 5: Goniob anchus obsole us in he Gul o An alya
135
Medi . Ma . Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145
2.3 The alien cladoce an Pleopis schmacke i (Poppe,
1889) in he Aegean Sea
Tuba TERBIYIK KURT
Pleopis schmacke i is a eu yhaline species ha p e e s
wa m wa e s (Rocha, 1985). I was o iginally desc ibed
om he Hong Kong coas (Kim & Onbe, 1989) and i s
dis ibu ion was es ic ed o he coas s o he wes e n
Paci ic egion (sou h coas o Vie nam o no he n coas al
wa e s close o Japan) o a long ime. Subsequen ly, i
was obse ed along he B azilian coas s (Rocha, 1985),
Madagasca (Onbe, 1999), he Red Sea and Suez Canal
(Gu ney, 1927). Pleopis schmacke i has been ecen ly
epo ed as an alien species in he Medi e anean Sea
(İskende un Bay, Tu key), whe e i became a pe manen
membe in he cladoce an communi y in he ollowing
yea s in his bay (Te bıyık Ku & Pola , 2018).
Zooplank on s udies we e conduc ed along he Tu -
kish coas o he Aegean Sea in Augus 2017 in he a-
mewo k ‘In eg a ed Ma ine Pollu ion Moni o ing 2017-
2019 P og amme’ by he Minis y o En i onmen and
U baniza ion and TUBITAK-MRC. Zooplank on samp-
les we e collec ed by e ical hauls o a WP-2 ne wi h
200 µm mesh size (Table 2) and we e coun ed unde he
SZX16 Olympus mic oscope.
Pleopis schmacke i is dis inguished om o he
ma ine cladoce an species by ha ing a hemisphe ical
body appea ance (Fig. 6A), ou se ae on exopods o
ho acic limbs 1-3 (Fig. 6B) and a sha ply poin ed slen-
de u ca wi h spinules (Fig. 6C). The appe ance o P.
schmacke i is e y close o Pleopis polyphemoides and
some imes hese wo species canno be dis inguished on
small magni ica ion. P. polyphemoides is sepa a ed om
P. schmacke i by ha ing only h ee se ae on exopods o
ho acic limbs 1-3 and sho iangula shaped wi hou
spinules o caudal u ca. P. schmacke i was i s obse ed
a h ee loca ions (Kuşadası, Güllük and Göko a Bays)
in he sou he n coas o Aegean Sea and i s abundance
was measu ed as 29.6, 3.9 and 14.2 ind. m-3, espec i ely.
This species has been known since 2012 in İskende un
Fig. 6: (A) Body appe ance o Pleopis schmacke i; (B) Tho acic limbs; (C) Caudal u ca.
Table 2: The in o ma ion o sampling si es.
Da e Local a ea Coo dina es Dep h
(m)
Sam-
pling
dep h
(m)
19.08.2017 Enez coas 40.7053° N,
26.0238° E 17 0-13.5
18.08.2017 Sa os Bay 40.6049° N,
26.8000° E 44 0-44
19.08.2017 Ezine coas 39.9540° N,
26.1503° E 18 0-16
20.08.2017 Ay acık o -
sho e
39.4132° N,
25.9950° E 308 0-246
20.08.2017 Ed emi Bay 39.4040° N,
26.4808° E 99 0-95
21.08.2017 Çanda lı
Bay
38.8213° N,
26.9513° E 20 0-15
22.08.2017 İzmi Bay 38.4363° N,
27.1265° E 10 0-7
22.08.2017 Ka abu un
o sho e
38.7638° N,
26.3190° E 220 0-216
22.08.2017 Ildı Kö ezi 38.4178° N,
26.4417° E 66 0-65
22.08.2017 Alaça ı o -
sho e
38.0855° N,
26.3308° E 366 0-210
23.08.2017 Kuşadası
Bay
37.9440° N,
27.2557° E 32 0-30
23.08.2017 Didim coas 37.4179° N,
27.2027° E 32 0-28
24.08.2017 Güllük Bay 37.2417° N,
27.4882° E 37 0-32
24.08.2017 Göko a Bay 37.0022° N,
28.1527° E 67 0-62
136 Medi . Ma . Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145
Bay and obse ed only in he summe (July) o 2012 –
2015 pe iod. Low abundance o his species (0.78 o 25.1
ind.m-3) was epo ed in İskende un Bay (Te bıyık Ku
& Pola , 2018). Simila ly, abundance alues we e low
and almos simila in he p esen s udy wi h epo ed a-
lues om İskende un Bay (Te bıyık Ku & Pola , 2018).
The p esence o his species in İskende un Bay was a -
ibu ed ei he o Lessepsian mig a ion o ballas wa e s
(Te bıyık Ku & Pola , 2018). This species was encoun-
e ed in he Suez Canal app oxima ely mo e han 90 yea s
ago (Gu ney, 1927). I may ha e en e ed he Le an ine
Sea ia he Suez Canal, and hen sp ead by alongsho e
cu en s owa ds Ana olia ollowing he Is aeli, Lebanese
and Sy ian coas s. This clockwise cu en u ns wes e -
nly and hen lows along he sou he n coas o Tu key.
The b anches o he Asia mino cu en en e ing in he
Aegean Sea would ans e his species in o he Sou he n
Aegean Sea. Indeed, mos o he alien species a e dis i-
bu ed in he Sou h Aegean Sea due o i s p oximi y wi h
he Le an ine Basin and wi h he e ec o cu en s om
his basin (Pancucci-Papadopoulou e al., 2005). Mo eo-
e , he e a e se e al po s in hese bays and su ounding
a eas, whe e ma i ime a ic inc eases especially in he
summe due o ou ism. Al e na i ely, his species could
ha e en e ed in his egion by ballas wa e s o comme -
cial ships.
2.4 Second eco d o an alien species A cania b e i-
ons, Chen,1989, (C us acea; Decapoda; Leucosii-
dae) om he Medi e anean Sea (Coas o Tu key)
Mehme RÜŞTÜ ÖZEN and Mehme GÖKOĞLU
In ecen yea s he Le an ine Sea has been inc eas-
ingly in luenced by he mig a ion o species o Indo-Pa-
ci ic o igin. A cania b e i ons, Chen, 1989, one o he 5
species belonging o he genus A cania, was epo ed by
Galil e al. (2017) om he coas s o he Sou h Is ael. Na -
u al dis ibu ion a eas a e he coas s o he Philippines,
Red Sea, Seychelles, Madagasca , Mozambique Channel,
Pakis an, India, Indonesia, and Fiji (Galil, 2001).
An unknown c ab was caugh nea he Sican adasi
(36.79125o N, 30.586981o E) (An alya Bay, Tu key) a
abou 30 me e s dep h by ammel ne (24 mm mesh size)
on 20 No embe 2019. The specimen was iden i ied as a
male o A cania b e i ons ollowing Galil e al. (2017).
The colo o he samples was pale o ange (Figs 7, 8). To-
al weigh , shell leng h and shell wid h we e measu ed o
be 5.13 g, 2.5 cm and 2.0 cm espec i ely (Fig. 8 A, B).
I s ca apace was 11 spines. O he mo phological ea u es
o ou specimen a e simila o hose epo ed by Galil e
al. (2017) om he coas s o Sou h Is ael. This specimen
was labelled and p ese ed a he Medi e anean Uni e -
si y Fishe ies Facul y Museum.
This is he i s eco d o A cania b e i ons om Tu -
key and he second om he Medi e anean Sea.
3. CYPRUS
3.1 Fi s eco d o Be hellina ci ina (Rüppell & Leu-
cka , 1828) (Mollusca: He e ob anchia: Pleu ob an-
chidae) om Cyp us
Pe iklis KLEITOU and Fabio CROCETTA
The sea slug Be hellina ci ina (Rüppell & Leuck-
a , 1828) (Mollusca: Gas opoda: Pleu ob anchidae) is
a pleu ob anchid species na i e and widely dis ibu ed
in he Indo-Paci ic, including he Red Sea (Mous a a e
al., 2018). Reco ds o his species om he Medi e a-
nean we e con u ed as misiden i ica ions o wo na i e
axa, namely Be hellina edwa dsii (Vayssiè e, 1897) and
Be hella au an iaca (Risso, 1818) (see Zene os e al.,
2004). Only ecen ly, Yokeş e al. (2018) con incingly
eco ded he p esence o B. ci ina o he i s ime in he
Medi e anean a e mo phological and gene ic analyses
o h ee specimens collec ed o Tu key, hus e-opening
he ques ion abou p e ious Medi e anean eco ds.
The con usion be ween species o Be hella genus
is due o he ac ha some sha e simila colou o ms
and an iden i ica ion based on an ex e nal appea ance
may be p oblema ic i no impossible. Howe e , B. ci-
ina may some imes ha e whi e spo s on he man le, a
diagnos ic cha ac e ha unambiguously dis inguishes
his axon om he uni o mly colou ed na i e Medi e -
anean species (Yokeş e al., 2018). He e, we i s epo
he p esence o B. ci ina om Cyp us based on a single
specimen which showed such a diagnos ic cha ac e . The
specimen was eco ded by ci izen-di e s a he ma ine
Fig. 7: A cania b e i ons, Chen 1989, (Male) caugh in he
Gul o An alya. A: Do sal View; B: Ven al View.
Fig. 8: A cania b e i ons, Chen 1989, (Male) caugh in he
Gul o An alya. A: Ca apace leng h; B: Ca apace wid h.
143
Medi . Ma . Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145
can Uni e si y o Bei u (DDF 103367/23927 and AUB
513071). Special hanks a e gi en o Mohammad Al-Ze-
in, Mi a Husseini, and Ziad Samaha. Thanks a e also ex-
p essed o Fab izio Se ena o in e es ing discussions on
he Himan u a species complex and o he Lebanese di -
e s, spea ishe s, ishe s and o he sea lo e s o egula -
ly epo ing, mo e pa icula ly o Nasse Saidi, Hussein
Madi, Ma wan Ha i i, Ali Hayda , Wase Shou ani and
o “Lebanese Fishe man” g oup and “Seao Sa a and”
page on FacebookTM. E gun Taşkin and Gamze Yildiz
a e g a e ul o he suppo gi en by TÜBİTAK (Anka a,
Tu key), (114Y238) and hank D . Line Le Gall (F ance)
and D . Alba Ve gés (Spain) o hei aluable help. Tuba
Te bıyık Ku ’s wo k has been suppo ed by “In eg a ed
Ma ine Pollu ion Moni o ing 2017-2019 P og amme”,
ca ied ou by Minis y o En i onmen and U baniza-
ion/Gene al Di ec o a e o EIA, Pe mi and Inspec ion/
Depa men o Labo a o y, Measu emen and coo dina -
ed by TUBITAK-MRC ECPI. Özen and Gökoğlou would
like o hank o Bella S. Galil o he species iden i ica-
ion. The au ho s Fabio C oce a and Pe iklis Klei ou
a e g a e ul o Sakis Laza ides and Cos as Cons an inou
om Cyp us who pho og aphed Be hellina ci ina and
sen hei obse a ion o u he examina ion. Ana Fo ič
and Lo enc Lipej would like o exp ess hei g a i ude
o hei colleague, Bo u Ma ič, o his help du ing hei
ieldwo k. Vasilis Ge o asileiou, Ch is ina Pa loudi and
F ancisco Sedano would like o hank Ch is os A ani -
idis, Gio gos Cha zigeo giou, E a Cha zinikolaou, Tha-
nos Dailianis, Ma kos Digenis, Kleoniki Keklikoglou,
Geo gios Ko oulas, A gi P ocopiou, Geo gia Sa a idou
and Emmanouela Ve nadou o hei assis ance in ARMS
deploymen and sample p ocessing. The e wo k was im-
plemen ed in he amewo k o he Join Resea ch Ac-
i i y 1 (JRA1) “Genomic Obse a o ies” o he p ojec
ASSEMBLE Plus, which has ecei ed unding om he
Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 esea ch and inno a ion
p og amme unde g an ag eemen No. 730984. Pa aske i
Ka achle, Elissa e Ga iil, and Michail D i sas would
like o hank he ishe Dimi ios P eppas o p o id-
ing pho os o Chae odip e us abe and Acan hu us c
gahhm om Salamina. Joachim Langeneck and Claudio
La dicci a e g a e ul o Ra aele Cas elli, who sha ed pic-
u es and in o ma ion abou he hyb id s iped bass (Mo-
one saxi ilis × Mo one ch ysops). F ancesco Zanga o
and Mau izio Pinna’s esea ch was suppo ed by ex-60%
und (FUR, I alian MIUR), FFABR (I alian MIUR) and
ImP Eco P ojec (In e eg ADRION P og amme 2014–
2020; CUP C69H18000250007) a ibu ed o M. Pinna.
Jamila Rizgalla and Sa a Al-Mab uk would like o hank
A. Al i adim, F. Sh ema and H. Geddeda who kindly p o-
ided in o ma ion and allowed he use o ish pic u es,
F. Ti alongo o con i ming A. mon o iae iden i ica ion,
and S. F iedman o p oo eading his wo k.
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