New alien mediterranean biodiversity records (March 2020)

Mediterranean Marine Science Vol 21, No 1 (2020) New Alien Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (March 2020) MICHEL BARICHE, SARA A.A. AL-MABRUK, MARIA AYCA ATEŞ, ADNAN BÜYÜK, FABIO CROCETTA, MICHAIL DRITSAS, DIALA EDDE, ANA FORTIČ, ELISSAVET GAVRIIL, VASILIS GEROVASILEIOU, MEHMET GÖKOĞLU, FATIH M. HUSEYINOGLU, PARASKEVI K. KARACHLE, PERIKLIS KLEITOU, TUBA TERBIYIK KURT, JOACHIM LANGENECK, CLAUDIO LARDICCI, LOVRENC LIPEJ, CHRISTINA PAVLOUDI, MAURIZIO PINNA, JAMILA RIZGALLA, MEHMET RÜŞTÜ ÖZEN, FRANCISCO SEDANO, ERGUN TAŞKIN, GAMZE YILDIZ, FRANCESCO ZANGARO doi: 10.12681/mms.21987 To cite this article: BARICHE, M., AL-MABRUK, S. A., ATEŞ, M. A., BÜYÜK, A., CROCETTA, F., DRITSAS, M., EDDE, D., FORTIČ, A., GAVRIIL, E., GEROVASILEIOU, V., GÖKOĞLU, M., HUSEYINOGLU, F. M., KARACHLE, P. K., KLEITOU, P., TERBIYIK KURT, T., LANGENECK, J., LARDICCI, C., LIPEJ, L., PAVLOUDI, C., PINNA, M., RIZGALLA, J., RÜŞTÜ ÖZEN, M., SEDANO, F., TAŞKIN, E., YILDIZ, G., & ZANGARO, F. (2020). New Alien Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (March 2020). Mediterranean Marine Science, 21(1), 129–145. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.21987 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) https://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at: 13/04/2022 11:08:21 129 Medit. Mar. Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145 Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available on line at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net DOI: http://dx.doi.org/21987 Collective Article New Alien Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (March 2020) Michel BARICHE1, Sara A. A. AL-MABRUK2, Maria A. ATEŞ3, Adnan BÜYÜK4, Fabio CROCETTA5, Michail DRITSAS6, Diala EDDE1, Ana FORTIČ7, Elissavet GAVRIIL8, Vasilis GEROVASILEIOU9, Mehmet GÖKOĞLU10, M. Fatih HUSEYINOGLU11,12, Paraskevi K. KARACHLE8, Periklis KLEITOU13, Tuba TERBIYIK KURT14, Joachim LANGENECK15, Claudio LARDICCI16, Lovrenc LIPEJ7, Christina PAVLOUDI9, Maurizio PINNA17, Jamila RIZGALLA18, Mehmet RÜŞTÜ ÖZEN19, Francisco SEDANO9,20, Ergun TAŞKIN21, Gamze YILDIZ22 and Francesco ZANGARO17 1Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon 2Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mokhtar University, El Bayda, Libya 3Russian State University for Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation 4Tekirova Mah. 7005 sok. No 37 Kemer/Antalya, Turkey 5Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, I-80121 Napoli, Italy 6189 00 Salamina, Attica, Greece 7Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6300 Piran, Slovenia 8Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 712, 19013, Anavissos, Greece 9Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Greece 10Akdeniz University, Faculty of Fisheries, Antalya, Turkey 11Biosphere Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey 12University of Kyrenia, Girne, Cyprus 13Marine and Environmental Research (MER) Lab Ltd, 202 Amathountos Avenue, Marina Gardens, Block B, Offices 13-14, Limassol 4533, Cyprus 14Cukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Marine Biology, 01130, Adana, Turkey 15Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy 16Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy 17Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni – 73100 Lecce, Italy 18Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya 19 Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Fisheries Faculty, 32260, Isparta, Turkey 20Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain 21Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Yunusemre, Manisa 45140, Turkey 22Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Nilüfer, Bursa, 16059, Turkey Abstract The current article presents 18 new records from seven Mediterranean countries. These records include one rhodophyte, four nudibranchs, two crustaceans, one stingray and 10 bony fishes. They are grouped by country as follows: Lebanon - first record of the Striped bass Morone saxatilis, the stingray Himantura leoparda, the Areolate grouper Epinephelus areolatus and the Spot-fin porcupinefish Diodon hystrix from various parts of the country; Turkey - first record of the invasive red alga Grateloupia turuturu from the sea of Marmara (region of Bandırma), the sea slug Goniobranchus obsoletus and the crab Arcania brevifrons from the Gulf of Antalya and the cladoceran Pleopis schmackeri from several locations along the Aegean Sea; Cyprus - first record of the alien sea slug Berthellina citrina from the region of Cape Greco and an observation of a butterflyfish Heniochus sp. from the northeastern side of the island; Greece - first record of the alien sea slug Anteaeolidiella lurana from the region of Heraklion in Crete and the record of the Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber and the Black surgeonfish Acanthurus cfr gahhm from Salamina Island; Slovenia - first record of the alien sea slug Thecacera pennigera from Izola; Italy - first record of the hybrid Striped bass (Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops) from the northern Tyrrhenian Sea and a first record of the goldfish Carassius auratus from the region of Apulia; Libya - first record of the Red Sea goatfish Parupeneus forsskali and the African surgeonfish Acanthurus monroviae, respectively from the eastern (Al-Tamimi area) and the western shore (Al-Khums area). 130 Medit. Mar. Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145 Introduction The marine world is traditionally divided into major biogeographic regions with relatively vague boundaries. Biogeography reconstructs the influence of geological history on the distribution of organisms over long temporal and large spatial scales, as well as in terms of interaction of marine organisms with their physical and biotic environments, but over short temporal and small spatial scales (Mooi & Gill, 2002). Marine life of the present Fig. 1: Locations of the records from the “New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (March 2020). The numbers of locations are given in Table 1. Table 1. Species included in “New Alien Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (March 2020)”, systematically ordered by phyla, detailed in subchapters (SC), with indications on origin of species (COS – Cosmopolitan, CIR – Circumtropical, IO – Indian Ocean, IP – Indo-Pacific, WA – West Atlantic, EA – East Atlantic, WP – West Pacific, SEA – Southeast Asia), basin of the reported incident (EM – East Mediterranean, CM – Central Mediterranean), and location number (LN) as in Figure 1. Species SC Origin Basin Country Exact localities LN Phylum Rhodophyta Grateloupia turuturu 2.1 WP EM Turkey Bandırma 7 Phylum Mollusca Anteaeolidiella lurana 4.1 CIR EM Greece Heraklion 14 Berthellina citrina 3.1 IP EM Cyprus Cape Greco 12 Goniobranchus obsoletus 2.2 IO EM Turkey Antalya 8 Thecacera pennigera 5.1 CIR CM Slovenia Izola Marina 18 Phylum Arthropoda Arcania brevifrons 2.4 IP EM Turkey Antalya Bay 8 Pleopis schmackeri 2.3 IP EM Turkey Kuşadası, Güllük and Gökova Bays 9-11 Phylum Chordata Acanthurus cfr gahhm 4.2 IP EM Greece Salamina Island 17 Acanthurus monroviae 7.1 EA CM Libya Al-Khums 23 Carassius auratus 6.2 SEA CM Italy Salento, Apulia 20-21 Chaetodipterus faber 4.2 WA EM Greece Salamina Island 15-16 Diodon hystrix 1.1 CIR EM Lebanon Tyre 6 Epinephelus areolatus 1.1 IP EM Lebanon Sarafand and Beirut 4-5 Heniochus sp. 3.3 IP EM Cyprus Northeast Cyprus 13 Himantura leoparda 1.1 IP EM Lebanon Beirut 3 Morone saxatilis 1.1 WA EM Lebanon Sarafand and Saida 1-2 Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops 6.1 WA CM Italy Gombo 19 Parupeneus forsskali 7.1 IP CM Libya Al-Tamimi 22 131 Medit. Mar. Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145 Mediterranean Sea originates from several major geological events, most notably its separation from the Indian Ocean after the formation of the Isthmus of Suez and the post-Messinian crisis period, which allowed Atlantic seawater and marine organisms to enter from the Strait of Gibraltar and colonize the Mediterranean basin. Today, this marine life is considered native to the Mediterranean, as opposed to other organisms that have more recently arrived, referred to as alien. The main source of their arrival is the Suez Canal, which is responsible for the presence of alien organisms of Indo-Pacific origin (Lessepsian migrants). Other pathways of introduction include aquaculture, ornamental pet trade, shipping, oil rigs and range expansion of marine biota from the tropical Atlantic (e.g. Galil, 2012; Zenetos et al., 2012; Pajuelo et al., 2016). As such, thousands of alien species are currently affecting the Mediterranean biodiversity and ecosystems (e.g. Streftaris & Zenetos, 2006; Katsanevakis et al., 2014). Biological records are thus important to document the presence of both alien and native species that are rare or have arrived recently. This allows the improvement of knowledge on the distribution of marine species, range expansion and new alien species arrivals to the Mediterranean. While some records are traditionally made by scientific surveys, the use of social media and citizen science is a powerful modern approach that has also been used to rapidly detect new occurrences in the Mediterranean Sea (Bariche & Azzurro, 2016; Roy et al., 2018). This collective article presents 18 new records for the Mediterranean Sea, comprised of two rhodophyte, four taxa of nudibranchs, two crustaceans, one stingray and 10 bony fish taxa. Most of these records were previously re-ported from other regions in the Mediterranean, except for four species (Morone saxatilis, Chaetodipterus faber, Acanthurus cfr gahhm, Heniochus sp.) and the hybrid (Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops). In this article, author names appear in alphabetical order and all re-cords are from the eastern and central Mediterranean Sea. These records were categorized by country and arranged from east to west. The exact localities are illustrated in Figure 1 and detailed systematically in Table 1. 1. LEBANON 1.1 First records of exotic marine fish species (Morone saxatilis, Himantura leoparda, Epinephelus areolatus, Diodon hystrix) from Lebanon Michel BARICHE and Diala EDDE The geographic location of Lebanon on the Levantine coast, its proximity to the Suez Canal, and probably its significant underwater degradation, make its marine environment susceptible to continuous colonization by non-indigenous species, mainly of Indo-Pacific origin (e.g. Zenetos et al., 2017). In fact, a relatively large number of marine species of various origins have been reported from the Lebanese waters in the last few decades (e.g. Crocetta et al., 2015), possibly as a result of various modes of introduction (e.g. Zenetos et al., 2017). Social networking has proved to be a powerful tool to detect non-indigenous and rare species in the marine environment and many records could not have been detected at a very early stage otherwise (e.g. Crocetta et al., 2015). This work updates the species number and distribution of non-indigenous fish species in the Mediterranean from the coastal waters of Lebanon. Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792) The Striped bass Morone saxatilis (Actinopterygii: Moronidae) is a species native to the north-western Atlantic ocean (Froese & Pauly, 2019). It is relatively easily identified by its arched profile and seven or eight distinct and uninterrupted horizontal stripes on each side of the body (Hodson, 1989). In its native habitat, this opportunistic piscivore, lives in coastal waters and enters rivers to feed and reproduce. We hereby report the capture of two individuals of this species from the eastern Mediterranean Sea: On 7 February 2018, the first individual was caught while shore angling in Sarafand (approx. 33.447261° N, 35.275731° E) and on 13 June 2019, another individual was also captured by an angler off Saida (approx. 33.565969° N, 35.366533° E), on the southern coast of Lebanon (Fig. 2). The two fish were not retrieved as they were consumed; only pictures were shared on fishermen groups on social media. The continuous longitudinal stripes present along the sides of the body of Morone saxatilis make the species easily distinguishable from the native seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758), which lacks the characteristic stripes, and from D. punctatus (Bloch, 1792) which has small dark markings scattered over back and sides instead (Fischer et al., 1987). These stripes also distinguish it from the commonly cultured hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops), which typically displays discontinuous stripes behind the pectoral fin and below the lateral line (Hodson, 1989). Morone saxatilis is probably an escapee from aquaculture facilities as the species and its hybrid are commercially produced by Israeli farmers (Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles, 2018). The presence of such cultured species in the eastern Mediterranean is alarming knowing that the likelihood of its establishment is relatively high. Morone saxatilis is a large predator that is highly tolerant to environmental variables and has previously established reproducing populations in the north-eastern Pacific and elsewhere (Hodson, 1989). Furthermore, the species has the possibility of interbreeding with native Mediterranean seabasses, which may produce fertile hybrids, as is the case of Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops (Hodson, 1989). 132 Medit. Mar. Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145 Himantura leoparda Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last 2008 The family Dasyatidae is comprised of about a hundred species of stingrays found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans (Froese & Pauly, 2019). The Mediterranean and the Black Sea region hosts six species of stingrays, of which Himantura uarnak (Gmelin, 1789) is considered a Red Sea immigrant (Froese & Pauly, 2019). In fact, this fish has been shown to be a group of several cryptic species of similarly patterned tropical stingrays distributed throughout the Indian and Pacific oceans (e.g. Arlyza et al., 2013). “Himantura uarnak” has been moderately recorded in the Mediterranean Sea since the 1950s in the eastern basin. A recent revision of the family showed the presence of four species within the genus Himantura (Last et al., 2016), of which H. leoparda Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008 was also found along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey (Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008; Yucel et al., 2017). Furthermore, Himantura tutul Borsa, Durand, Shen, Alyza, Solihin & Berrebi, 2013 has also been identified from the Indo-West Pacific as another cryptic stingray within the species complex (Borsa et al., 2013). We hereby report the first record of Himantura leoparda (Fig. 2) for Lebanon and the second record for the Mediterranean, based on photographs tak- en by a scuba diver on 12 September 2018 at six meters depth off Beirut (33.904242° N, 35.482543° E). While all known Himantura species have a similar rhomboidal disc shape with an angular snout tip and a long, slender, whiplike tail, the individual photographed is similar to adults (>550 mm DW) of H. leoparda in having the unique leopard-like markings on the dorsal surface. Contrarily, the closely related Himantura uarnak has small black spots or fine reticulations in adults and H. undulata has striking reticulations and rings (Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008). The individual from Lebanon also differs from H. tutul (sensu Borsa et al., 2013) by the degree of interruption in the contour of the spotting pattern, where the ocellae contours are mixed polygons (Fig. 2), while in H. tutul all ocellae have interrupted outlines and sometimes no defined shapes (Borsa et al., 2013). Other differences, such as the arrangement of the midscapular denticles or distinctions at the molecular level, are not possible to detect based on photos (e.g. Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008; Last et al., 2016). The leopard-like markings on the dorsal sides also constitute unique spotting patterns, which differentiate all Himantura species from the native stingrays present in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea region. Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) The Areolate grouper Epinephelus areolatus (Actinopterygii: Serranidae) is a common serranid species in the Indo-West Pacific region. It has a broad distribution from the Red Sea and the eastern coast of Africa to southern Japan and as far as New Caledonia (Froese & Pauly, 2019). Epinephelus areolatus lives usually in the vicinity of seagrass meadows or over silty sand bottoms near rocks or dead corals and can grow up to 40 cm. The species has been previously recorded from the Mediterranean based on one specimen collected by an angler at a depth of about 37 m on 30 August 2015 off Haifa (Rothman et al., 2016). We hereby report the capture of two additional individuals of this species, constituting the second and third records from the eastern Mediterranean: On 20 November 2019, an individual of an unusually spotted grouper was caught in the region of Sarafand (approx. 33.460097° N, 35.286547° E), off the southern coast of Lebanon. The individual was speared by a diver at about 30 m depth (Fig. 3). On 6 December 2019, Fig. 2: Morone saxatilis and Himantura leoparda recorded from the coast of Lebanon. (A) Sarafand (33.447261° N, 35.275731° E), 7 February 2018; (B) Saida (33.565969° N, 35.366533° E), 13 June 2019; (C; D) Beirut (33.904242° N, 35.482543° E), 12 September 2018. A C D B 133 Medit. Mar. Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145 another E. areolatus was captured with hook and line by an angler off Beirut (approx. 33.833911° N, 35.458081° E), at about 40 m depth (Fig. 3). The pictures of the two individuals were shared with the authors through social media (FacebookTM and Facebook Messenger). Both specimens were not retrieved as they were consumed and only pictures are available. Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 The Spot-fin porcupinefish Diodon hystrix (Actinopterygii: Diodontidae) is a circumglobal species found in tropical and sub-tropical marine areas in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions (Froese & Pauly, 2019). In its native habitat, the species live in lagoons and on reef slopes down to about 50 m depth feeding on benthic invertebrates. Diodon hystrix has been sporadically recorded in several parts of the eastern central Atlantic, such as in Madeira, the Azores, the Atlantic coast of Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula (reviewed in Ordines et al., 2018). The only valid records from the Mediterranean are from the Gulf of Taranto in Italy, the Balearic Islands and Cyprus (Ordines et al., 2018; Kleitou et al., 2020). We hereby report the capture of one individual of this species, constituting the fourth record from the Mediterranean: On 9 December 2019, an individual of D. hystrix was caught in the region of Tyre (approx. 33.267164° N, 35.190972° E), in the south of Lebanon. The individual was captured with hook and line by an angler fishing from the shore (Fig. 3). The fish was discarded assuming it has toxic spines. The continuous reports of recent arrivals of non-in- digenous marine species is of key importance to document the occurrence and spread of these species in the Mediterranean, especially since introduction rates seem to have increased in the Mediterranean at an alarming rate. The Striped bass Morone saxatilis recorded herein is a first record, while both Himantura leoparda and Epinephelus areolatus are second records and Diodon hystrix is the fourth from the entire Mediterranean Sea. Furthermore, all four species are considered first records for Lebanon. Some scientists may still be uncertain about the importance of data collected over social media platforms, as opposed to the collection of the organism and its handling in a laboratory. It is certain that errors in identification may occur, particularly in inconspicuous species that may require meristic, morphometric, and also genetic characters to identify species such as Himantura leoparda. However, not reporting an occurrence pending the capture of another individual often means waiting for the species to establish a larger population, which may take years and increases the already existing bias between the date of first sighting and the real date of arrival of the species in the new area. This may result in a less precise estimation of the early stages of introduction and the dynamics of colonisation in the region. Fig. 3: Epinephelus areolatus and Diodon hystrix recorded from the coast of Lebanon. (A) Beirut (33.833911° N, 35.458081° E), 6 December 2019; (B) Sarafand (33.460097° N, 35.286547° E), 20 November 2019; (C) Tyre (33.267164° N, 35.190972° E), 9 December 2019. A C B 134 Medit. Mar. Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145 2. TURKEY 2.1 Occurrence of the invasive red alga Grateloupia turuturu in Turkey Ergun TAŞKIN and Gamze YILDIZ The alien red macroalga Grateloupia turuturu Yamada (Florideophyceae: Halymeniales: Halymeniaceae) was originally described from Hokkaido, Japan by Yamada (1941), and this species is known from Australia, New Zealand, China, Korea, Russia, France, Britain, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Canary Islands, Western and Eastern Atlantic, North America, Brazil, and South Africa (Guiry & Guiry, 2019). Recently, G. turuturu has been reported from Israel by Katsanevakis et al. (2014). In this study, G. turuturu is reported for the first time in Turkey. Samples were collected on May 2015 by snorkeling at 1 m depth in Bandırma (Marmara Sea, Turkey) (40.3620° N, 27.9819° E), where the species was epilithic, at a temperature of 21ºC, salinity of 21.6. The material was preserved in 4% formaldehyde in seawater for later examination at the Department of Biology, Celal Bayar University (Turkey). Using a light microscope (Nikon SE) with photographic equipment (Nikon P5100), the identification of this alga was made on the basis of both Bárbara & Cremades (2004), and Cecere et al.’s (2011) accounts. Thallus mucilagenous, up to 50 cm long, 1-8 cm broad (Fig. 4A-B), attached to the substratum by the encrusting base, blade elliptical to lanceolate, simple or branched, sometimes proliferations on the margin, it was epilithic or epizoic on Mytilus sp., and abundant on the stony substratum at 1 m depth. In the transverse section, blades 300-500 µm thick, 4-6 layer of cortical cells, medullary cells filamentous (Fig. 4C). Other species present at the collection site were: Cystoseira spp., Ellisolandia elongata, Ulva rigida, Polysiphonia elongata, Ceramium virgatum (Fig. 4D). The Marmara Sea is an inland sea which separates Europe and Asia. It connects to the Black Sea through the Bosphorus Strait, and to the Aegean Sea through the Dardanelles Strait. It has intense maritime traffic. Grateloupia turuturu may have reached Turkey through ballast water. 2.2 An alien Chromodorid nudibranch (Goniobranchus obsoletus Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) in the Gulf of Antalya Mehmet GÖKOĞLU and Adnan BÜYÜK The Levantine Sea, situated in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, is under the influence of immigration from the Indo-Pacific through the Suez Canal (Zenetos, 2017). Many lessepsian organisms have been recorded by in the coasts of Turkey (Çinar et al., 2011). One of the species that has recently entered the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal is Goniobranchus obsoletus (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830). This species was first identified along the coast of Israel by Halevy et al. (2015). Subsequently, the species was reported from the coast of Cyprus (Kleitou et al., 2019). On 24 June 2019, during scuba diving in a submerged cave located at the depth of 5 m on the Antalya Falez (36.849133° N, 30.778211° E), a sea slug was seen on the cave wall (Fig. 5). This sea slug was photographed and identified as Goniobranchus obsoletus (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) according to Rudman (2004) and Kleitou et al. (2019). This is the first record of G. obsoletus from Turkey and the third from the Mediterranean Sea within 5 years, which indicates that the species is already established in the Levantine Sea. Fig. 4: The invasive red alga Grateloupia turuturu from Turkey. (A-B) polymorphisms of the habit of Grateloupia turuturu in Turkey; (C) the transverse section of the thallus; (D) habitat of underwater (Arrowheads: Grateloupia turuturu). Scale bars: A-B: 5 cm. C: 100 μm. Fig. 5: Goniobranchus obsoletus in the Gulf of Antalya 135 Medit. Mar. Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145 2.3 The alien cladoceran Pleopis schmackeri (Poppe, 1889) in the Aegean Sea Tuba TERBIYIK KURT Pleopis schmackeri is a euryhaline species that prefers warm waters (Rocha, 1985). It was originally described from the Hong Kong coast (Kim & Onbe, 1989) and its distribution was restricted to the coasts of the western Pacific region (south coast of Vietnam to northern coastal waters close to Japan) for a long time. Subsequently, it was observed along the Brazilian coasts (Rocha, 1985), Madagascar (Onbe, 1999), the Red Sea and Suez Canal (Gurney, 1927). Pleopis schmackeri has been recently reported as an alien species in the Mediterranean Sea (İskenderun Bay, Turkey), where it became a permanent member in the cladoceran community in the following years in this bay (Terbıyık Kurt & Polat, 2018). Zooplankton studies were conducted along the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea in August 2017 in the framework ‘Integrated Marine Pollution Monitoring 2017- 2019 Programme’ by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization and TUBITAK-MRC. Zooplankton samples were collected by vertical hauls of a WP-2 net with 200 µm mesh size (Table 2) and were counted under the SZX16 Olympus microscope. Pleopis schmackeri is distinguished from other marine cladoceran species by having a hemispherical body appearance (Fig. 6A), four setae on exopods of thoracic limbs 1-3 (Fig. 6B) and a sharply pointed slender furca with spinules (Fig. 6C). The apperance of P. schmackeri is very close to Pleopis polyphemoides and sometimes these two species cannot be distinguished on small magnification. P. polyphemoides is separated from P. schmackeri by having only three setae on exopods of thoracic limbs 1-3 and short triangular shaped without spinules of caudal furca. P. schmackeri was first observed at three locations (Kuşadası, Güllük and Gökova Bays) in the southern coast of Aegean Sea and its abundance was measured as 29.6, 3.9 and 14.2 ind. m-3, respectively. This species has been known since 2012 in İskenderun Fig. 6: (A) Body apperance of Pleopis schmackeri; (B) Thoracic limbs; (C) Caudal furca. Table 2: The information of sampling sites. Date Local area Coordinates Depth (m) Sampling depth (m) 19.08.2017 Enez coast 40.7053° N, 26.0238° E 17 0-13.5 18.08.2017 Saros Bay 40.6049° N, 26.8000° E 44 0-44 19.08.2017 Ezine coast 39.9540° N, 26.1503° E 18 0-16 20.08.2017 Ayvacık offshore 39.4132° N, 25.9950° E 308 0-246 20.08.2017 Edremit Bay 39.4040° N, 26.4808° E 99 0-95 21.08.2017 Çandarlı Bay 38.8213° N, 26.9513° E 20 0-15 22.08.2017 İzmir Bay 38.4363° N, 27.1265° E 10 0-7 22.08.2017 Karaburun offshore 38.7638° N, 26.3190° E 220 0-216 22.08.2017 Ildır Körfezi 38.4178° N, 26.4417° E 66 0-65 22.08.2017 Alaçatı offshore 38.0855° N, 26.3308° E 366 0-210 23.08.2017 Kuşadası Bay 37.9440° N, 27.2557° E 32 0-30 23.08.2017 Didim coast 37.4179° N, 27.2027° E 32 0-28 24.08.2017 Güllük Bay 37.2417° N, 27.4882° E 37 0-32 24.08.2017 Gökova Bay 37.0022° N, 28.1527° E 67 0-62 136 Medit. Mar. Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145 Bay and observed only in the summer (July) of 2012 – 2015 period. Low abundance of this species (0.78 to 25.1 ind.m-3) was reported in İskenderun Bay (Terbıyık Kurt & Polat, 2018). Similarly, abundance values were low and almost similar in the present study with reported values from İskenderun Bay (Terbıyık Kurt & Polat, 2018). The presence of this species in İskenderun Bay was attributed either to Lessepsian migration or ballast waters (Terbıyık Kurt & Polat, 2018). This species was encountered in the Suez Canal approximately more than 90 years ago (Gurney, 1927). It may have entered the Levantine Sea via the Suez Canal, and then spread by alongshore currents towards Anatolia following the Israeli, Lebanese and Syrian coasts. This clockwise current turns westernly and then flows along the southern coast of Turkey. The branches of the Asia minor current entering in the Aegean Sea would transfer this species into the Southern Aegean Sea. Indeed, most of the alien species are distributed in the South Aegean Sea due to its proximity with the Levantine Basin and with the effect of currents from this basin (Pancucci-Papadopoulou et al., 2005). Moreover, there are several ports in these bays and surrounding areas, where maritime traffic increases especially in the summer due to tourism. Alternatively, this species could have entered in this region by ballast waters of commercial ships. 2.4 Second record of an alien species Arcania brevifrons, Chen,1989, (Crustacea; Decapoda; Leucosiidae) from the Mediterranean Sea (Coast of Turkey) Mehmet RÜŞTÜ ÖZEN and Mehmet GÖKOĞLU In recent years the Levantine Sea has been increasingly influenced by the migration of species of Indo-Pa- cific origin. Arcania brevifrons, Chen, 1989, one of the 5 species belonging to the genus Arcania, was reported by Galil et al. (2017) from the coasts of the South Israel. Natural distribution areas are the coasts of the Philippines, Red Sea, Seychelles, Madagascar, Mozambique Channel, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, and Fiji (Galil, 2001). An unknown crab was caught near the Sican adasi (36.79125o N, 30.586981o E) (Antalya Bay, Turkey) at about 30 meters depth by trammel net (24 mm mesh size) on 20 November 2019. The specimen was identified as a male of Arcania brevifrons following Galil et al. (2017). The color of the samples was pale orange (Figs 7, 8). Total weight, shell length and shell width were measured to be 5.13 g, 2.5 cm and 2.0 cm respectively (Fig. 8 A, B). Its carapace was 11 spines. Other morphological features of our specimen are similar to those reported by Galil et al. (2017) from the coasts of South Israel. This specimen was labelled and preserved at the Mediterranean University Fisheries Faculty Museum. This is the first record of Arcania brevifrons from Turkey and the second from the Mediterranean Sea. 3. CYPRUS 3.1 First record of Berthellina citrina (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828) (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Pleurobranchidae) from Cyprus Periklis KLEITOU and Fabio CROCETTA The sea slug Berthellina citrina (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pleurobranchidae) is a pleurobranchid species native and widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, including the Red Sea (Moustafa et al., 2018). Records of this species from the Mediterranean were confuted as misidentifications of two native taxa, namely Berthellina edwardsii (Vayssière, 1897) and Berthella aurantiaca (Risso, 1818) (see Zenetos et al., 2004). Only recently, Yokeş et al. (2018) convincingly recorded the presence of B. citrina for the first time in the Mediterranean after morphological and genetic analyses of three specimens collected off Turkey, thus re-opening the question about previous Mediterranean records. The confusion between species of Berthella genus is due to the fact that some share similar colour forms and an identification based on an external appearance may be problematic if not impossible. However, B. citrina may sometimes have white spots on the mantle, a diagnostic character that unambiguously distinguishes this taxon from the uniformly coloured native Mediterranean species (Yokeş et al., 2018). Here, we first report the presence of B. citrina from Cyprus based on a single specimen which showed such a diagnostic character. The specimen was recorded by citizen-divers at the marine Fig. 7: Arcania brevifrons, Chen 1989, (Male) caught in the Gulf of Antalya. A: Dorsal View; B: Ventral View. Fig. 8: Arcania brevifrons, Chen 1989, (Male) caught in the Gulf of Antalya. A: Carapace length; B: Carapace width. 143 Medit. Mar. Sci., 21/1, 2020, 129-145 can University of Beirut (DDF 103367/23927 and AUB 513071). Special thanks are given to Mohammad Al-Ze- in, Mira Husseini, and Ziad Samaha. Thanks are also expressed to Fabrizio Serena for interesting discussions on the Himantura species complex and to the Lebanese divers, spear fishers, fishers and other sea lovers for regularly reporting, more particularly to Nasser Saidi, Hussein Madi, Marwan Hariri, Ali Haydar, Wasef Shoufani and to “Lebanese Fisherman” group and “SeaofSarafand” page on FacebookTM. Ergun Taşkin and Gamze Yildiz are grateful for the support given by TÜBİTAK (Ankara, Turkey), (114Y238) and thank Dr. Line Le Gall (France) and Dr. Alba Vergés (Spain) for their valuable help. Tuba Terbıyık Kurt’s work has been supported by “Integrated Marine Pollution Monitoring 2017-2019 Programme”, carried out by Ministry of Environment and Urbanization/General Directorate of EIA, Permit and Inspection/ Department of Laboratory, Measurement and coordinated by TUBITAK-MRC ECPI. Özen and Gökoğlou would like to thank to Bella S. Galil for the species identification. The authors Fabio Crocetta and Periklis Kleitou are grateful to Sakis Lazarides and Costas Constantinou from Cyprus who photographed Berthellina citrina and sent their observation for further examination. Ana Fortič and Lovrenc Lipej would like to express their gratitude to their colleague, Borut Mavrič, for his help during their fieldwork. Vasilis Gerovasileiou, Christina Pavloudi and Francisco Sedano would like to thank Christos Arvanitidis, Giorgos Chatzigeorgiou, Eva Chatzinikolaou, Thanos Dailianis, Markos Digenis, Kleoniki Keklikoglou, Georgios Kotoulas, Avgi Procopiou, Georgia Sarafidou and Emmanouela Vernadou for their assistance in ARMS deployment and sample processing. There work was implemented in the framework of the Joint Research Activity 1 (JRA1) “Genomic Observatories” of the project ASSEMBLE Plus, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 730984. Paraskevi Karachle, Elissavet Gavriil, and Michail Dritsas would like to thank the fisher Dimitrios Preppas for providing photos of Chaetodipterus faber and Acanthurus cfr gahhm from Salamina. Joachim Langeneck and Claudio Lardicci are grateful to Raffaele Castelli, who shared pictures and information about the hybrid striped bass (Morone saxitilis × Morone chrysops). Francesco Zangaro and Maurizio Pinna’s research was supported by ex-60% fund (FUR, Italian MIUR), FFABR (Italian MIUR) and ImPrEco Project (Interreg ADRION Programme 2014– 2020; CUP C69H18000250007) attributed to M. Pinna. Jamila Rizgalla and Sara Al-Mabruk would like to thank A. Alrifadim, F. Shrema and H. Geddeda who kindly provided information and allowed the use of fish pictures, F. Tiralongo for confirming A. monroviae identification, and S. Friedman for proofreading this work. References Arlyza, I.S., Shen, K.N., Solihin, D.D., Soedharma, D., Berrebi, P., Borsa P., 2013. 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