MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SPANISH TOURIST FIRMS IN
2002
F ancisco Ja ie Qui ós Tomás
1
1
F ancisco Ja ie Qui ós Tomás. Depa amen o de Adminis ación de Emp esas y Ma ke ing.
Uni e sidad de Se illa. Tel: 34 954 75 27. E Mail: qui [email protected]
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SPANISH TOURIST FIRMS IN
2002
F ancisco Ja ie Qui ós Tomás
Abs ac :
This pape aim is he analysis o some o he mo e impo an ac s ela ed wi h
Spanish ou is sec o in he yea 2002. Numbe o companies and hei legal
condi ion and size, numbe o p emises, numbe o wo ke s and kind o labou
ela ionship wi h he ou is i ms and so on will be analysed. When possible, he
analysis will be widened o he di e en ou is subsec o s o b anchs: ho els,
es au an s and a el agencies and ou ope a o s. Thei igu es will be
compa ed wi h he same ones o he Spanish economy as a whole.
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SPANISH TOURIST FIRMS IN
2002
F ancisco Ja ie Qui ós Tomás
1.- THE IMPORTANCE OF TOURISTIC SECTOR IN SPAIN
Tou ism indus y is one o he mo e impo an sec o s in Spanish economy.
Table 1 p o ides in o ma ion abou i . The Spanish Tou ism Sa elli e Accoun
e eals ha i amoun s o as much as 11.6% o G oss Domes ic P oduc
(G.D.P.). This includes ecep i e ou ism and o he componen s o ou isms,
mainly homeland ou ism.
TABLE 1: G.D.P. AND TOURIST
SECTOR. YEAR 2002
Pe cen age
Recep i e Tou ism
5.8%
O he Tou is Elemen s
5.8%
To al
11.6%
Sou ce: Tou ism Sa elli e Accoun o Spain.
I G oss Added Value o ho els and es au an s is some wha smalle , jus 6.9%
(G aph 1), ha is ela ed o ac ha ho els and es au an s is jus pa o ou is
sec o .
GRAPH 1: GROSS ADDED VALUE AND ECONOMIC SECTORS
11,5%
6,9%
9,5%
5,3%
13,9%
1,4%
2,0%
2,6%
wholesale and Re ail T ade; Repai s
Ho els and Resx au an s
T anspo , S o age and Commmunica ion
Financial In e media ion
Real S a e, Ren ing and Business Ac i i ies
Ma ke Educa ion
Ma ke Heal h and Social Wo k
O he Communi y Social and Pe sonal Se ice Ac i i ies
4,2%
4,0%
19,0%
8,7%
53,3%
14,8%
Ag icul u eEne gyIndus y
Cons uc ionMa ke Se icesNo Ma ke Se ices
The impo ance o ho els and es au an s ela ed o employ is e en smalle .
G aph 2 p o ides in o ma ion a his espec . The pe cen age o employmen
ela ed o he whole Spanish employmen is abou 6.1%.
GRAPH 2: EMPLOYEEMENT AND ECONOMIC SECTORS
2.- TOURIST SECTOR FIRMS: A GENERAL IDEA.
The ou is sec o in Spain consis ed o 270,553
2
i ms in he yea 2002. This
was 10.30% o Spanish o al i ms
3
. Table 2 p o ides some gene al igu es
abou hese companies. The mean o p emises by i m is jus o 1.1. The mean
g oss income was 209.51 housand eu os, wi h a g oss in es men o 13.41
housand eu os and he compensa ion pe employee was 5.79 housand eu os.
TABLE2: MAIN TOURIST SECTOR FIGURES. YEAR 2002.
Tou is To al
To al
P emisess / Fi m
1.10
G oss Income / Fi m (000 ¼ )
209.51
G oss In es men /Fi m (000 ¼ )
13.41
Employees Compensa ion /Wage
ea ne s (000 ¼ )
5.79
Sou ce: Annual Se ices Su ey
2
Sou ce: Encues a Anual de Se icios 2000, INE.
3
Sou ce: Di ec o io Cen al de Emp esas (DIRCE), yea 2000.
6,2%
0,7%
17,6%
10,8%
43,9%
20,8%
Ag icul u e
Ene gy
Indus y
Cons uc ion
Ma ke Se ices
No Ma ke Se ices
15,1%
6,1%
5,9%
2,1%
7,7%
1,7%
2,2%
2,9%
wholesale and Re ail T ade; Repai s
Ho els and Resx au an s
T anspo , S o age and Commmunica ion
Financial In e media ion
Real S a e, Ren ing and Business Ac i i ies
Ma ke Educa ion
Ma ke Heal h and Social Wo k
O he Communi y Social and Pe sonal Se ice Ac i i ies
In he yea 2002, he numbe o new i ms in he sec o has been o 39,661,
mo e han one o e eigh o i ms c ea ed in Spain (Table 3).
This numbe is sligh ly bigge han he numbe o i ms ha closed he same
yea , 38,867, o one o e se en o all i ms ha closed.
TABLE 3: DEMOGRAPHY OF THE
COMPANIES. YEAR 2002
Numbe
Pe cen age
Pe manence
Spain To al
2,383,332
100.00%
Tou is
245,595
10.30%
New lis ed
Spain To al
327,068
100,00%
Tou is
39,661
12.13%
Deslis ed
Sapin To al
274,365
100.00%
Tou is
38,867
14.17%
Sou ce: DIRCE
As you can see, his i ms demog aphy is e y dynamic. The e a e jus a
10.30% o his kind o i ms in Spain as a whole, e sus12.13 % o new ones
14.17% o closed ones.
Tou is sec o can be di ided in subsec o s o b anchs o ac i i y. These a e
show in he igu e below.
Tou ism
T a el Agencies, Tou Ope a o s and Simila
Ho els and Res au an s
Ho els and Simila
Ho els
Camping Si es and Simila
Res au an s and Simila
Res au an s
Ba s
Can eens and Ca e ing

The e we e 272,272 ou is i ms in Spain in 2002, ha is one in 10 o e e y
Spanish company was a ou is one (G aph 3). Almos 187,000 o hem we e
Ba s (69% o ou is i ms) and mo e han 53,000 we e es au an s (almos 20%
o hem).
GRAPH 3: PERCENTAGE OF FIRMS BY ECONOMIC SECTOR
3.- TOURIST FIRMS LEGAL CONDITION
The e a e h ee main legal condi ions: Public Limi ed Company, Limi ed Liabili y
Company and Physical Pe sons. Fac s abou each one o hem is p o ided in
Table 4. The e a e some mo e legal condi ions which ha e been g ouped as
O he s.
TABLE 4: FIRMS AND LEGAL CONDITION. YEAR 2002
To al
Public Limi ed
Companies
Limi ed Liabili y
Companies
Physical Pe sons
O he s
Numbe
Numbe
Pe cen .
Numbe
Pe cen .
Numbe
Pe cen .
Numbe
Pe cen .
All CNAE93
G oups
2,710,400
126,529
4.67%
716,542
26.44%
1662,183
61.33%
205,146
7.57%
Tou is
272,272
6,803
2.50%
50,033
18.38%
191,742
70.42%
23,694
8.70%
Ho els and
Res au an s
265,626
5,086
1.91%
47,343
17.82%
189,644
71.40%
23,553
8.87%
Ho els
10,896
1,829
16.79%
3,544
32.53%
4,686
43.01%
837
7.68%
Camping
6,442
627
9.73%
2,309
35.84%
2,594
40.27%
912
14.16%
89,6%
10,4%
No Tou is
Tou is
4,0%
2,4%
19,5%
68,7%
3,0%
2,4%
Ho els
Camping Si es and Simila
Res au an s
Ba s
Can eens and Ca e ing
T a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s
Si es and
Simila
Res au an s
53,121
1,589
2.99%
17,783
33.48%
27,759
52.26%
5,990
11.28%
Ba s
186,946
869
0.46%
21,818
11.67%
149,847
80.16%
14,412
7.71%
Can eens
and
Ca e ing
8,221
172
2.09%
1,889
22.98%
4,758
57.88%
1,402
17.05%
T a el
Agencies
and Tou
Ope a o s
6,646
1,717
25.84%
2,690
40.48%
2,098
31.57%
141
2.12%
Sou ce: DIRCE
Public Limi ed Companies igu es display ha he mean o all Spanish i ms is
4.67% while o he ou is sec o is jus less han hal ha numbe . The igu es
o ho els a e wice la ge han mean and o a el agencies almos a ound 5.5
imes.
Limi ed Liabili y Companies legal condi ion is mo e equen in ou is sec o
han o he whole economy excep o ba s y can eens and ca e ing. The highe
igu es a e o a el agencies and ou ope a o s, wi h 40.48%.
Physical Pe sons a e e y common among ba s, wi h mo e han 80% o hem
belonging o his legal condi ion.
4.- TOURIST FIRMS AND THEIR SIZE
The e a e a lo o ways o g oup i ms by i s size. Table 5 p o ides in o ma ion
abou i ms wi hou any wage ea ne s, wi h 1 o 2, h ee o 5, 6 o 9, 10 op 19,
20 o 49, 50 o 99, 100 o 1999, and 200 o mo e.
As you can see, he size o Spanish i ms is e y small. Abou 89% o hem
ha e less han six wage ea ne s, and only 10.54% ha e mo e han 200. The
same can be said abou ou is i ms, bu wi h one di e ence. The pe cen age o
ou is s i ms wi hou any wage ea ne is smalle han he mean, while he
numbe o hose wi h 1 o wo is bigge .
TABLE 5: TOURIST FIRMS AND SIZE. YEAR 2002.
Employees
Numbe
Wi hou
Employees
F om 1
o 2
F om 3
o 5
F om 6
o 9
F om
10 o
19
F om
20 o
49
F om
50 o
99
F om
100
o
199
200 o
mo e
All CNAE93
G oups
52.59%
26.45%
10.03%
4.86%
3.31%
1.87%
0.50%
0.23%
10.54%
Tou is
Sec o
46.00%
31.94%
12.14%
6.05%
2.11%
1.15%
0.30%
0.19%
9.61%
Ho els and
Res au an s
46.84%
32.15%
11.84%
5.90%
1.80%
0.97%
0.24%
0.16%
8.91%
Ho els
28.71%
25.10%
13.35%
12.10%
7.59%
7.04%
2.53%
2.29%
29.26%
Camping
Si es and
Simila
40.58%
27.63%
12.96%
9.22%
4.92%
3.29%
0.76%
0.40%
18.19%
Res au an s
20.68%
35.40%
22.69%
14.25%
4.29%
2.07%
0.38%
0.16%
20.99%
Ba s
55.42%
32.05%
8.72%
3.04%
0.59%
0.17%
0.02%
0.00%
3.81%
Can eens
and
Ca e ing
49.75%
26.38%
9.93%
6.18%
3.04%
2.32%
1.00%
0.63%
12.54%
T a el
Agencies
and Tou
Ope a o s
34.64%
29.07%
16.17%
8.17%
6.35%
3.53%
1.04%
0.55%
19.09%
Sou ce: DIRCE
Ho els and Res au an s ha e g ea e companies. Bo h o hem ha e many big
i ms (mo e han 200 employees), wi h almos 20 and mo e han 10 pe cen age
poin s o e he mean espec i ely. On he o he hand, bo h o hen ha e less
han hal he mean o i ms wi hou any wage ea ne .
Ba s ha e a smalle numbe o wage ea ne s han a e age. Only in he
pe cen age o i ms wi h less han wo employees is bigge han he mean o
Spanish i ms.
T a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s ha e g ea e igu es o e e y size, excep
o non wage ea ne s i ms.
In o ma ion abou legal condi ion and size o he di e en ou is subsec o s in
2002 is p o ided in Table 6. The pe cen age o Physical Pe sons dec eased
s eadily o e e y subsec o , while he p opo ion o Public Limi ed Companies
wen opposi e. On he o he hand, he p opo ion o Limi ed Liabili y Companies
g ew a he beginning bu la e i began o go down. The size o he u mos o
his ype o companies was di e en o each subsec o . Ho els and Simila
eached he u mos o i ms wi h 5 o 19 employees, Res au an s and Simila
o 20 o 99 employees and i was jus 2 o 4 size he one in which mo e Limi ed
Liabili y Companies he e was o a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s in 2002.
TABLE 6: TOURIST FIRMS BY SIZE AND LEGAL CONDITION . YEAR 2002.
To al
Physical Pe sons
Public Limi ed
Companies
Limi ed Liabili y
Companies
O he s
Numbe
Numbe
Pe cen age
Numbe
Pe cen age
Numbe
Pe cen age
Numbe
Pe cen age
Tou ism
To al
270,553
202,194
74.70%
5,694
2.10%
41,975
15.50%
20,690
7.60%
Less
han 2
119,196
112,421
94.30%
206
0.20%
4,748
4.00%
1,821
1.50%
F om
2 o 4
108,616
76,734
70.60%
1,228
1.10%
17,661
16.30%
12,991
12.00%
F om
5 o
19
37,141
12,860
34.60%
2,097
5.60%
16,532
44.50%
5,653
15.20%
F om
20 o
99
4,992
177
3.50%
1,787
35.80%
2,812
56.30%
216
4.30%
100
o
Mo e
608
1
0.20%
375
61.70%
222
36.50%
9
1.50%
The case o he di e en ou is subsec o s is shown in G aph 6. The
pe cen age o wage ea ne s is e y high o Ho els and a el Agencies. Less
han 90% o hei wo ke s a e non wage ea ne s.
GRAPH 6: WORKERS PROFESSIONAL SITUATION AND TOURIST
SUBSECTORS
The pe cen age o wo ke s wi h an inde ini e wo k con ac is simila o he
mean o Ho els and Res au an s, bu i is highe o T a el Agencies and Tou
Wage
Ea ne s
Tempo a y
Wo ke s
No
Wage
Ea ne s
Inde ini e
Wo ke s
Wage
Ea ne s
Tempo a y
Wo ke s
No
Wage
Ea ne s
Inde ini e
Wo ke s
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
To al
Tou is
Ho els and
Simila
Res au an s
and Simila
T a el
Agencies
and Tou
Ope a o s

Ope a o s (74% while he mean is 64% o ou is sec o as a whole and 55.8
o Spain).
Gende is ano he impo an in o ma ion abou wo ke s. Table 11 p o ides ac s
abou his ma e . The e we e mo e males han emales wo king in he ou is
sec o , e en hough he numbe o women wage ea ne s was highe hen he
numbe o men. Rela ed wi h his, he p opo ion o wage ea ne s among
emales was highe han among males (84.4% y 71.3% espec i ely). Tha was
ue o e e y ou is subsec o , excep in Ho els and Simila case. Fo hem, he
pe cen age o wage ea ne s is simila o male and emale.
On he o he hand, he p opo ion o males employees wi h inde ini e labou
ela ion is highe han emales by 7.68 pe cen age poin s. This p opo ion is
e en highe in Ho els and Simila subsec o , wi h almos 10 pe cen age poin s
di e ence.
TABLE 11: TOURIST WORKERS, LABOUR RELATION AND GENDER.
YEAR 2002
To al Tou is
Sec o
Ho els and
Simila
Res au an s
and Simila
T a el
Agencies
and
Tou
Ope a o s
To al
1,167
,874
100.0
0%
276,1
03
100.0
0%
844,7
70
100.0
0%
47,00
0
100.0
0%
Male
s
612,4
58
100.0
0%
130,8
94
100.0
0%
465,0
59
100.0
0%
16,50
7
100.0
0%
Wo ke s
Fema
les
555,4
16
100.0
0%
145,2
10
100.0
0%
379,7
12
100.0
0%
30,49
4
100.0
0%
To al
883,2
29
75.63
%
261,4
39
94.69
%
578,9
89
68.54
%
42,80
1
91.07
%
Male
s
436,7
27
71.31
%
124,0
03
94.74
%
298,2
13
64.12
%
14,51
1
87.91
%
Wage
Ea ne s
Fema
les
446,5
03
80.39
%
137,4
36
94.65
%
280,7
76
73.94
%
28,29
1
92.78
%
To al
542,1
92
61.39
%
154,2
02
58.98
%
356,3
39
61.55
%
31,65
2
73.95
%
Male
s
285,0
45
65.27
%
79,41
0
64.04
%
194,2
61
65.14
%
11,37
3
78.38
%
Inde ini e
Fema
les
257,1
48
57.59
%
74,79
2
54.42
%
162,0
78
57.73
%
20,27
9
71.68
%
To al
341,0
37
38.61
%
107,2
37
41.02
%
222,6
50
38.45
%
11,14
9
26.05
%
Male
s
151,6
82
34.73
%
44,59
3
35.96
%
103,9
52
34.86
%
3,138
21.62
%
Tempo a y
Fema
les
189,3
55
42.41
%
62,64
4
45.58
%
118,6
98
42.27
%
8,012
28.32
%
To al
284,6
45
24.37
%
14,66
5
5.31
%
265,7
82
31.46
%
4,199
8.93
%
Male
s
175,7
31
28.69
%
6,891
5.26
%
166,8
46
35.88
%
1,996
12.09
%
Non Wage
Ea ne s
Fema
les
108,9
13
19.61
%
7774
5.35
%
98,93
6
26.06
%
2,203
7.22
%
Sou ce: Annual Se ices Su ey
7.- WORKERS WITHOUT LABOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE TOURIST
FIRMS.
The e a e o ypes o wo ke s whose wo k o ce is employed by i ms belonging
o he ou is sec o bu ha e no labou ela ionship wi h he i ms. This si ua ion
happens when he e is a empo a y ec ui men o when he e is a comme cial
con ac be ween he i m and he wo ke .
TABLE 12: TOURIST WORKERS WITHOUT LABOUR CONTRACT
RELATIONSHIP. YEAR 2002
Tou ism
Ho els and
Simila
Res au an
s and
Simila
T a el
agencies
and Tou
Ope a o s
Wo ke s
wi h Labou
Con ac
Numbe
1,087,4
80
24,3481
799,033
44,966
Numbe
13,453
6,562
6,794
97
E.T.T.
4
Pe cen a
ge
1.24%
2.70%
0.85%
0.22%
S.C.L.
5
Numbe
4,742
874
3,370
499
4
E.T.T.: Emp esas de T abajo Tempo al. Fi ms whose wo k is o p o ide empo a y s a .
5
S.C.L.: Wo ke s which ha e a non labou con ac wi h a i m.
Pe cen a
ge
0.44%
0.36%
0.42%
1.11%
Sou ce: Annual Se ices Su ey
Table 12 p o ides in o ma ion abou hese wo ypes o wo ke s in he ou is
sec o . Thei numbe is small ela i e o he numbe o wo ke s. 1.24% o
E.T.T. and 0.44% o S.C.L. Recou se o E.T.T. wo ke s is a mo e common o
Ho els and Simila han o any o he b anch o se ices, while ecou se o
S.C.L. is mo e common o T a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s.
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Anua io de Es adis icas Labo ales y Asun os Sociales. Minis e io de T abajo y
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2002.
Con abilidad Nacional de España, Base 2000. I.N.E. 2002.
Cuen a Sa éli e del Tu ismo en España, Base 1995, Resul ados De allados.
Se ie Con able 1995-2003. I.N.E. 2002.
Encues a de Ocupación Ho lele a 2002. I.N.E. 2002.
Encues a Anual de Se icios. I.N.E. 2002.