Main characteristics of spanish tourist firms in 2002

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SPANISH TOURIST FIRMS IN 2002 F ancisco Ja ie Qui ós Tomás 1 1 F ancisco Ja ie Qui ós Tomás. Depa amen o de Adminis ación de Emp esas y Ma ke ing. Uni e sidad de Se illa. Tel: 34 954 75 27. E Mail: qui [email protected] MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SPANISH TOURIST FIRMS IN 2002 F ancisco Ja ie Qui ós Tomás Abs ac : This pape aim is he analysis o some o he mo e impo an ac s ela ed wi h Spanish ou is sec o in he yea 2002. Numbe o companies and hei legal condi ion and size, numbe o p emises, numbe o wo ke s and kind o labou ela ionship wi h he ou is i ms and so on will be analysed. When possible, he analysis will be widened o he di e en ou is subsec o s o b anchs: ho els, es au an s and a el agencies and ou ope a o s. Thei igu es will be compa ed wi h he same ones o he Spanish economy as a whole. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SPANISH TOURIST FIRMS IN 2002 F ancisco Ja ie Qui ós Tomás 1.- THE IMPORTANCE OF TOURISTIC SECTOR IN SPAIN Tou ism indus y is one o he mo e impo an sec o s in Spanish economy. Table 1 p o ides in o ma ion abou i . The Spanish Tou ism Sa elli e Accoun e eals ha i amoun s o as much as 11.6% o G oss Domes ic P oduc (G.D.P.). This includes ecep i e ou ism and o he componen s o ou isms, mainly homeland ou ism. TABLE 1: G.D.P. AND TOURIST SECTOR. YEAR 2002 Pe cen age Recep i e Tou ism 5.8% O he Tou is Elemen s 5.8% To al 11.6% Sou ce: Tou ism Sa elli e Accoun o Spain. I G oss Added Value o ho els and es au an s is some wha smalle , jus 6.9% (G aph 1), ha is ela ed o ac ha ho els and es au an s is jus pa o ou is sec o . GRAPH 1: GROSS ADDED VALUE AND ECONOMIC SECTORS 11,5% 6,9% 9,5% 5,3% 13,9% 1,4% 2,0% 2,6% wholesale and Re ail T ade; Repai s Ho els and Resx au an s T anspo , S o age and Commmunica ion Financial In e media ion Real S a e, Ren ing and Business Ac i i ies Ma ke Educa ion Ma ke Heal h and Social Wo k O he Communi y Social and Pe sonal Se ice Ac i i ies 4,2% 4,0% 19,0% 8,7% 53,3% 14,8% Ag icul u eEne gyIndus y Cons uc ionMa ke Se icesNo Ma ke Se ices The impo ance o ho els and es au an s ela ed o employ is e en smalle . G aph 2 p o ides in o ma ion a his espec . The pe cen age o employmen ela ed o he whole Spanish employmen is abou 6.1%. GRAPH 2: EMPLOYEEMENT AND ECONOMIC SECTORS 2.- TOURIST SECTOR FIRMS: A GENERAL IDEA. The ou is sec o in Spain consis ed o 270,553 2 i ms in he yea 2002. This was 10.30% o Spanish o al i ms 3 . Table 2 p o ides some gene al igu es abou hese companies. The mean o p emises by i m is jus o 1.1. The mean g oss income was 209.51 housand eu os, wi h a g oss in es men o 13.41 housand eu os and he compensa ion pe employee was 5.79 housand eu os. TABLE2: MAIN TOURIST SECTOR FIGURES. YEAR 2002. Tou is To al To al P emisess / Fi m 1.10 G oss Income / Fi m (000 ¼ ) 209.51 G oss In es men /Fi m (000 ¼ ) 13.41 Employees Compensa ion /Wage ea ne s (000 ¼ ) 5.79 Sou ce: Annual Se ices Su ey 2 Sou ce: Encues a Anual de Se icios 2000, INE. 3 Sou ce: Di ec o io Cen al de Emp esas (DIRCE), yea 2000. 6,2% 0,7% 17,6% 10,8% 43,9% 20,8% Ag icul u e Ene gy Indus y Cons uc ion Ma ke Se ices No Ma ke Se ices 15,1% 6,1% 5,9% 2,1% 7,7% 1,7% 2,2% 2,9% wholesale and Re ail T ade; Repai s Ho els and Resx au an s T anspo , S o age and Commmunica ion Financial In e media ion Real S a e, Ren ing and Business Ac i i ies Ma ke Educa ion Ma ke Heal h and Social Wo k O he Communi y Social and Pe sonal Se ice Ac i i ies In he yea 2002, he numbe o new i ms in he sec o has been o 39,661, mo e han one o e eigh o i ms c ea ed in Spain (Table 3). This numbe is sligh ly bigge han he numbe o i ms ha closed he same yea , 38,867, o one o e se en o all i ms ha closed. TABLE 3: DEMOGRAPHY OF THE COMPANIES. YEAR 2002 Numbe Pe cen age Pe manence Spain To al 2,383,332 100.00% Tou is 245,595 10.30% New lis ed Spain To al 327,068 100,00% Tou is 39,661 12.13% Deslis ed Sapin To al 274,365 100.00% Tou is 38,867 14.17% Sou ce: DIRCE As you can see, his i ms demog aphy is e y dynamic. The e a e jus a 10.30% o his kind o i ms in Spain as a whole, e sus12.13 % o new ones 14.17% o closed ones. Tou is sec o can be di ided in subsec o s o b anchs o ac i i y. These a e show in he igu e below. Tou ism T a el Agencies, Tou Ope a o s and Simila Ho els and Res au an s Ho els and Simila Ho els Camping Si es and Simila Res au an s and Simila Res au an s Ba s Can eens and Ca e ing The e we e 272,272 ou is i ms in Spain in 2002, ha is one in 10 o e e y Spanish company was a ou is one (G aph 3). Almos 187,000 o hem we e Ba s (69% o ou is i ms) and mo e han 53,000 we e es au an s (almos 20% o hem). GRAPH 3: PERCENTAGE OF FIRMS BY ECONOMIC SECTOR 3.- TOURIST FIRMS LEGAL CONDITION The e a e h ee main legal condi ions: Public Limi ed Company, Limi ed Liabili y Company and Physical Pe sons. Fac s abou each one o hem is p o ided in Table 4. The e a e some mo e legal condi ions which ha e been g ouped as O he s. TABLE 4: FIRMS AND LEGAL CONDITION. YEAR 2002 To al Public Limi ed Companies Limi ed Liabili y Companies Physical Pe sons O he s Numbe Numbe Pe cen . Numbe Pe cen . Numbe Pe cen . Numbe Pe cen . All CNAE93 G oups 2,710,400 126,529 4.67% 716,542 26.44% 1662,183 61.33% 205,146 7.57% Tou is 272,272 6,803 2.50% 50,033 18.38% 191,742 70.42% 23,694 8.70% Ho els and Res au an s 265,626 5,086 1.91% 47,343 17.82% 189,644 71.40% 23,553 8.87% Ho els 10,896 1,829 16.79% 3,544 32.53% 4,686 43.01% 837 7.68% Camping 6,442 627 9.73% 2,309 35.84% 2,594 40.27% 912 14.16% 89,6% 10,4% No Tou is Tou is 4,0% 2,4% 19,5% 68,7% 3,0% 2,4% Ho els Camping Si es and Simila Res au an s Ba s Can eens and Ca e ing T a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s Si es and Simila Res au an s 53,121 1,589 2.99% 17,783 33.48% 27,759 52.26% 5,990 11.28% Ba s 186,946 869 0.46% 21,818 11.67% 149,847 80.16% 14,412 7.71% Can eens and Ca e ing 8,221 172 2.09% 1,889 22.98% 4,758 57.88% 1,402 17.05% T a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s 6,646 1,717 25.84% 2,690 40.48% 2,098 31.57% 141 2.12% Sou ce: DIRCE Public Limi ed Companies igu es display ha he mean o all Spanish i ms is 4.67% while o he ou is sec o is jus less han hal ha numbe . The igu es o ho els a e wice la ge han mean and o a el agencies almos a ound 5.5 imes. Limi ed Liabili y Companies legal condi ion is mo e equen in ou is sec o han o he whole economy excep o ba s y can eens and ca e ing. The highe igu es a e o a el agencies and ou ope a o s, wi h 40.48%. Physical Pe sons a e e y common among ba s, wi h mo e han 80% o hem belonging o his legal condi ion. 4.- TOURIST FIRMS AND THEIR SIZE The e a e a lo o ways o g oup i ms by i s size. Table 5 p o ides in o ma ion abou i ms wi hou any wage ea ne s, wi h 1 o 2, h ee o 5, 6 o 9, 10 op 19, 20 o 49, 50 o 99, 100 o 1999, and 200 o mo e. As you can see, he size o Spanish i ms is e y small. Abou 89% o hem ha e less han six wage ea ne s, and only 10.54% ha e mo e han 200. The same can be said abou ou is i ms, bu wi h one di e ence. The pe cen age o ou is s i ms wi hou any wage ea ne is smalle han he mean, while he numbe o hose wi h 1 o wo is bigge . TABLE 5: TOURIST FIRMS AND SIZE. YEAR 2002. Employees Numbe Wi hou Employees F om 1 o 2 F om 3 o 5 F om 6 o 9 F om 10 o 19 F om 20 o 49 F om 50 o 99 F om 100 o 199 200 o mo e All CNAE93 G oups 52.59% 26.45% 10.03% 4.86% 3.31% 1.87% 0.50% 0.23% 10.54% Tou is Sec o 46.00% 31.94% 12.14% 6.05% 2.11% 1.15% 0.30% 0.19% 9.61% Ho els and Res au an s 46.84% 32.15% 11.84% 5.90% 1.80% 0.97% 0.24% 0.16% 8.91% Ho els 28.71% 25.10% 13.35% 12.10% 7.59% 7.04% 2.53% 2.29% 29.26% Camping Si es and Simila 40.58% 27.63% 12.96% 9.22% 4.92% 3.29% 0.76% 0.40% 18.19% Res au an s 20.68% 35.40% 22.69% 14.25% 4.29% 2.07% 0.38% 0.16% 20.99% Ba s 55.42% 32.05% 8.72% 3.04% 0.59% 0.17% 0.02% 0.00% 3.81% Can eens and Ca e ing 49.75% 26.38% 9.93% 6.18% 3.04% 2.32% 1.00% 0.63% 12.54% T a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s 34.64% 29.07% 16.17% 8.17% 6.35% 3.53% 1.04% 0.55% 19.09% Sou ce: DIRCE Ho els and Res au an s ha e g ea e companies. Bo h o hem ha e many big i ms (mo e han 200 employees), wi h almos 20 and mo e han 10 pe cen age poin s o e he mean espec i ely. On he o he hand, bo h o hen ha e less han hal he mean o i ms wi hou any wage ea ne . Ba s ha e a smalle numbe o wage ea ne s han a e age. Only in he pe cen age o i ms wi h less han wo employees is bigge han he mean o Spanish i ms. T a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s ha e g ea e igu es o e e y size, excep o non wage ea ne s i ms. In o ma ion abou legal condi ion and size o he di e en ou is subsec o s in 2002 is p o ided in Table 6. The pe cen age o Physical Pe sons dec eased s eadily o e e y subsec o , while he p opo ion o Public Limi ed Companies wen opposi e. On he o he hand, he p opo ion o Limi ed Liabili y Companies g ew a he beginning bu la e i began o go down. The size o he u mos o his ype o companies was di e en o each subsec o . Ho els and Simila eached he u mos o i ms wi h 5 o 19 employees, Res au an s and Simila o 20 o 99 employees and i was jus 2 o 4 size he one in which mo e Limi ed Liabili y Companies he e was o a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s in 2002. TABLE 6: TOURIST FIRMS BY SIZE AND LEGAL CONDITION . YEAR 2002. To al Physical Pe sons Public Limi ed Companies Limi ed Liabili y Companies O he s Numbe Numbe Pe cen age Numbe Pe cen age Numbe Pe cen age Numbe Pe cen age Tou ism To al 270,553 202,194 74.70% 5,694 2.10% 41,975 15.50% 20,690 7.60% Less han 2 119,196 112,421 94.30% 206 0.20% 4,748 4.00% 1,821 1.50% F om 2 o 4 108,616 76,734 70.60% 1,228 1.10% 17,661 16.30% 12,991 12.00% F om 5 o 19 37,141 12,860 34.60% 2,097 5.60% 16,532 44.50% 5,653 15.20% F om 20 o 99 4,992 177 3.50% 1,787 35.80% 2,812 56.30% 216 4.30% 100 o Mo e 608 1 0.20% 375 61.70% 222 36.50% 9 1.50% The case o he di e en ou is subsec o s is shown in G aph 6. The pe cen age o wage ea ne s is e y high o Ho els and a el Agencies. Less han 90% o hei wo ke s a e non wage ea ne s. GRAPH 6: WORKERS PROFESSIONAL SITUATION AND TOURIST SUBSECTORS The pe cen age o wo ke s wi h an inde ini e wo k con ac is simila o he mean o Ho els and Res au an s, bu i is highe o T a el Agencies and Tou Wage Ea ne s Tempo a y Wo ke s No Wage Ea ne s Inde ini e Wo ke s Wage Ea ne s Tempo a y Wo ke s No Wage Ea ne s Inde ini e Wo ke s 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% To al Tou is Ho els and Simila Res au an s and Simila T a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s Ope a o s (74% while he mean is 64% o ou is sec o as a whole and 55.8 o Spain). Gende is ano he impo an in o ma ion abou wo ke s. Table 11 p o ides ac s abou his ma e . The e we e mo e males han emales wo king in he ou is sec o , e en hough he numbe o women wage ea ne s was highe hen he numbe o men. Rela ed wi h his, he p opo ion o wage ea ne s among emales was highe han among males (84.4% y 71.3% espec i ely). Tha was ue o e e y ou is subsec o , excep in Ho els and Simila case. Fo hem, he pe cen age o wage ea ne s is simila o male and emale. On he o he hand, he p opo ion o males employees wi h inde ini e labou ela ion is highe han emales by 7.68 pe cen age poin s. This p opo ion is e en highe in Ho els and Simila subsec o , wi h almos 10 pe cen age poin s di e ence. TABLE 11: TOURIST WORKERS, LABOUR RELATION AND GENDER. YEAR 2002 To al Tou is Sec o Ho els and Simila Res au an s and Simila T a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s To al 1,167 ,874 100.0 0% 276,1 03 100.0 0% 844,7 70 100.0 0% 47,00 0 100.0 0% Male s 612,4 58 100.0 0% 130,8 94 100.0 0% 465,0 59 100.0 0% 16,50 7 100.0 0% Wo ke s Fema les 555,4 16 100.0 0% 145,2 10 100.0 0% 379,7 12 100.0 0% 30,49 4 100.0 0% To al 883,2 29 75.63 % 261,4 39 94.69 % 578,9 89 68.54 % 42,80 1 91.07 % Male s 436,7 27 71.31 % 124,0 03 94.74 % 298,2 13 64.12 % 14,51 1 87.91 % Wage Ea ne s Fema les 446,5 03 80.39 % 137,4 36 94.65 % 280,7 76 73.94 % 28,29 1 92.78 % To al 542,1 92 61.39 % 154,2 02 58.98 % 356,3 39 61.55 % 31,65 2 73.95 % Male s 285,0 45 65.27 % 79,41 0 64.04 % 194,2 61 65.14 % 11,37 3 78.38 % Inde ini e Fema les 257,1 48 57.59 % 74,79 2 54.42 % 162,0 78 57.73 % 20,27 9 71.68 % To al 341,0 37 38.61 % 107,2 37 41.02 % 222,6 50 38.45 % 11,14 9 26.05 % Male s 151,6 82 34.73 % 44,59 3 35.96 % 103,9 52 34.86 % 3,138 21.62 % Tempo a y Fema les 189,3 55 42.41 % 62,64 4 45.58 % 118,6 98 42.27 % 8,012 28.32 % To al 284,6 45 24.37 % 14,66 5 5.31 % 265,7 82 31.46 % 4,199 8.93 % Male s 175,7 31 28.69 % 6,891 5.26 % 166,8 46 35.88 % 1,996 12.09 % Non Wage Ea ne s Fema les 108,9 13 19.61 % 7774 5.35 % 98,93 6 26.06 % 2,203 7.22 % Sou ce: Annual Se ices Su ey 7.- WORKERS WITHOUT LABOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE TOURIST FIRMS. The e a e o ypes o wo ke s whose wo k o ce is employed by i ms belonging o he ou is sec o bu ha e no labou ela ionship wi h he i ms. This si ua ion happens when he e is a empo a y ec ui men o when he e is a comme cial con ac be ween he i m and he wo ke . TABLE 12: TOURIST WORKERS WITHOUT LABOUR CONTRACT RELATIONSHIP. YEAR 2002 Tou ism Ho els and Simila Res au an s and Simila T a el agencies and Tou Ope a o s Wo ke s wi h Labou Con ac Numbe 1,087,4 80 24,3481 799,033 44,966 Numbe 13,453 6,562 6,794 97 E.T.T. 4 Pe cen a ge 1.24% 2.70% 0.85% 0.22% S.C.L. 5 Numbe 4,742 874 3,370 499 4 E.T.T.: Emp esas de T abajo Tempo al. Fi ms whose wo k is o p o ide empo a y s a . 5 S.C.L.: Wo ke s which ha e a non labou con ac wi h a i m. Pe cen a ge 0.44% 0.36% 0.42% 1.11% Sou ce: Annual Se ices Su ey Table 12 p o ides in o ma ion abou hese wo ypes o wo ke s in he ou is sec o . Thei numbe is small ela i e o he numbe o wo ke s. 1.24% o E.T.T. and 0.44% o S.C.L. Recou se o E.T.T. wo ke s is a mo e common o Ho els and Simila han o any o he b anch o se ices, while ecou se o S.C.L. is mo e common o T a el Agencies and Tou Ope a o s. BIBLIOGRAFÍA Anua io de Es adis icas Labo ales y Asun os Sociales. Minis e io de T abajo y Asun os Sociales 2002. Encues a de Población Ac i a (E.P.A.), Resul ados De allados. I.N.E. 2002. Di ec o io Cen al de Emp esas (D.I.R.C.E.), Explo ación Es adis ica. I.N.E. 2002. Con abilidad Nacional de España, Base 2000. I.N.E. 2002. Cuen a Sa éli e del Tu ismo en España, Base 1995, Resul ados De allados. Se ie Con able 1995-2003. I.N.E. 2002. Encues a de Ocupación Ho lele a 2002. I.N.E. 2002. Encues a Anual de Se icios. I.N.E. 2002.